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Cassani L, Silva A, Carpena M, Pellegrini MC, García-Pérez P, Grosso C, Barroso MF, Simal-Gandara J, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Prieto MA. Phytochemical compounds with promising biological activities from Ascophyllum nodosum extracts using microwave-assisted extraction. Food Chem 2024; 438:138037. [PMID: 38011789 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical-rich antioxidant extracts were obtained from Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Critical extraction factors such as time, pressure, and ethanol concentration were optimized by response surface methodology with a circumscribed central composite design. Under the optimal MAE conditions (3 min, 10.4 bar, 46.8 % ethanol), the maximum recovery of phytochemical compounds (polyphenols and fucoxanthin) with improved antioxidant activity from AN was obtained. In addition, the optimized AN extract showed significant biological activities as it was able to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, inhibit central nervous system-related enzymes, and exhibit cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines. In addition, the optimized AN extract showed antimicrobial, and anti-quorum sensing activities, indicating that this extract could offer direct and indirect protection against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. This work demonstrated that the sustainably obtained AN extract could be an emerging, non-toxic, and natural ingredient with potential to be included in different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cassani
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Aurora Silva
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Celeste Pellegrini
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos (GIIA), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de alimentos y ambiente (INCITAA, CIC-UNMDP), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Pascual García-Pérez
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), RA1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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El-Banna AA, Ibrahim RS. Metabolic profiling of milk thistle different organs using UPLC-TQD-MS/MS coupled to multivariate analysis in relation to their selective antiviral potential. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:115. [PMID: 38454377 PMCID: PMC10921647 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Silybum marianum commonly known as milk thistle is one of the most imperative medicinal plants due to its remarkable pharmacological activities. Lately, the antiviral activities of S. marianum extract have been studied and it showed effectiveness against many viruses. OBJECTIVE Although most previous studies were concerned mainly with silymarin content of the fruit, the present study provides comprehensive comparative evaluation of S. marianum different organs' chemical profiles using UPLC-MS/MS coupled to chemometrics to unravel potentially selective antiviral compounds against human coronavirus (HCoV-229E). METHODOLOGY UPLC-ESI-TQD-MS/MS analysis was utilized to establish metabolic fingerprints for S. marianum organs namely fruits, roots, stems and seeds. Multivariate analysis, using OPLS-DA and HCA-heat map was applied to explore the main discriminatory phytoconstituents between organs. Selective virucidal activity of organs extracts against coronavirus (HCoV-229E) was evaluated for the first time using cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assay. Correlation coefficient analysis was implemented for detection of potential constituents having virucidal activity. RESULTS UPLC-MS/MS analysis resulted in 87 identified metabolites belonging to different classes. OPLS-DA revealed in-between class discrimination between milk thistle organs proving their significantly different metabolic profiles. The results of CPE assay showed that all tested organ samples exhibited dose dependent inhibitory activity in nanomolar range. Correlation analysis disclosed that caffeic acid-O-hexoside, gadoleic and linolenic acids were the most potentially selective antiviral phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION This study valorizes the importance of different S. marianum organs as wealthy sources of selective and effective antiviral candidates. This approach can be extended to unravel potentially active constituents from complex plant matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A El-Banna
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Reham S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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Peron G, López AM, Cabada-Aquirre P, Garay Buenrosto KD, Ostos Mendoza KC, Mahady GB, Seidel V, Sytar O, Koirala N, Gurung R, Acharya Z, Adhikari S, Sureda A, Martorell M, Sharifi-Rad J. Antiviral and antibacterial properties of phloroglucinols: a review on naturally occurring and (semi)synthetic derivatives with potential therapeutic interest. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:319-336. [PMID: 36593064 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2160695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phloroglucinol and derived compounds comprise a huge class of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants and brown algae. A vast array of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer has been associated to this class of compounds. In this review, the available data on the antiviral and antibacterial capacity of phloroglucinols have been analyzed. Some of these compounds and derivatives show important antimicrobial properties in vitro. Phloroglucinols have been shown to be effective against viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes or enterovirus, and preliminary data through docking analysis suggest that they can be effective against SARS-CoV-19. Also, some phloroglucinols derivatives have shown antibacterial effects against diverse bacteria strains, including Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and (semi)synthetic development of novel compounds have led to phloroglucinols with a significantly increased biological activity. However, therapeutic use of these compounds is hindered by the absence of in vivo studies and scarcity of information on their mechanisms of action, and hence further research efforts are required. On the basis of this consideration, our work aims to gather data regarding the efficacy of natural-occurring and synthetic phloroglucinol derivatives as antiviral and antibacterial agents against human pathogens, which have been published during the last three decades. The recollection of results reported in this review represents a valuable source of updated information that will potentially help researchers in the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Peron
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice M López
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, Tecnológico University de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paulina Cabada-Aquirre
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, Tecnológico University de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen D Garay Buenrosto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico University de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Keila C Ostos Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico University de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | - Gail B Mahady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Roshani Gurung
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, Purbanchal University, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Zenisha Acharya
- Department of Natural Products Research, Dr. Koirala Research Institute for Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sundar Adhikari
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Medical and Technical College, Purbanchal University, Chitwan, Nepal
- Department of Pharmacy, Fishtail Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico - UDT, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Kang N, Kim EA, Heo SY, Heo SJ. Structure-Based In Silico Screening of Marine Phlorotannins for Potential Walrus Calicivirus Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15774. [PMID: 37958757 PMCID: PMC10647355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new calicivirus isolated from a walrus was reported in 2004. Since unknown marine mammalian zoonotic viruses could pose great risks to human health, this study aimed to develop therapeutic countermeasures to quell any potential outbreak of a pandemic caused by this virus. We first generated a 3D model of the walrus calicivirus capsid protein and identified compounds from marine natural products, especially phlorotannins, as potential walrus calicivirus inhibitors. A 3D model of the target protein was generated using homology modeling based on two publicly available template sequences. The sequence of the capsid protein exhibited 31.3% identity and 42.7% similarity with the reference templates. The accuracy and reliability of the predicted residues were validated via Ramachandran plotting. Molecular docking simulations were performed between the capsid protein 3D model and 17 phlorotannins. Among them, five phlorotannins demonstrated markedly stable docking profiles; in particular, 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol showed favorable structural integrity and stability during molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the phlorotannins are promising walrus calicivirus inhibitors. Overall, the study findings showcase the rapid turnaround of in silico-based drug discovery approaches, providing useful insights for developing potential therapies against novel pathogenic viruses, especially when the 3D structures of the viruses remain experimentally unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju Bio Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea; (N.K.); (E.-A.K.); (S.-Y.H.)
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Govindan R, Gnanasekaran C, Govindan R, Muthuchamy M, Quero F, Jothi A, Chelliah CK, Arunachalam A, Viswanathan MR, Natesan M, Kadaikunnan S, Li WJ. Anti-quorum Sensing and Anti-biofilm Effect of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans RMN 4 (MN061002) Compound 2,6-Di-tert-butyl, 1,4-Benzoquinone Against Biofilm-Producing Bacteria. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04738-w. [PMID: 37792174 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anti-biofilm compound of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl, 1,4-benzoquinone was purified from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans (N. synnemataformans) RMN 4 (MN061002). To confirm the compound, various spectroscopy analyses were done including ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), preparative HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Furthermore, the purified compound was shown 94% inhibition against biofilm-producing Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) (MN396686) at 70 µg/mL concentrations. Furthermore, the metabolic activity, exopolysaccharide damage, and hydrophobicity degradation results of identified compound exhibited excellent inhibition at 100 µg/mL concentration. Furthermore, the confocal laser scanning electron microscope (CLSM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results were shown with intracellular damages and architectural changes in bacteria. Consecutively, the in vivo toxicity effect of the compound against Artemia franciscana (A. franciscana) was shown to have a low mortality rate at 100 µg/mL. Finally, the molecular docking interaction between the quorum sensing (QS) genes and identified compound clearly suggested that the identified compound 2,6-Di-tert-butyl, 1,4-benzoquinone has anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm activities against P. mirabilis (MN396686).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajivgandhi Govindan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
- Marine Pharmacology & Toxicology Lab, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de CienciasFísicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Biotecnología y MaterialesAvenida Beauchef 851, 8370456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chackaravarthi Gnanasekaran
- Marine Pharmacology & Toxicology Lab, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramachandran Govindan
- Marine Pharmacology & Toxicology Lab, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Maruthupandy Muthuchamy
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de CienciasFísicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Biotecnología y MaterialesAvenida Beauchef 851, 8370456, Santiago, Chile
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Dearo 550 Beon-Gil, Saha-Gu, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Franck Quero
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de CienciasFísicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Biotecnología y MaterialesAvenida Beauchef 851, 8370456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Arunachalam Jothi
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu, Tanjore, India, 401
| | - Chenthis Knaisha Chelliah
- Department of Nanotechnology, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Tamil Nadu, Kumaracoil, Kanyakumari, 629180, India
| | - Arulraj Arunachalam
- Departamento de Electricidad, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM), Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mangalaraja Ramalinga Viswanathan
- Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Región Metropolitana, Diag. Las Torres 2640, 7941169, Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manoharan Natesan
- Marine Pharmacology & Toxicology Lab, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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Erpel F, Camilo C, Mateos R, Ricardo Pérez-Correa J. A macroporous resin purification process to obtain food-grade phlorotannin-rich extracts with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Chilean brown seaweeds: An UHPLC-MS n profiling. Food Chem 2023; 402:134472. [PMID: 36303384 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient macroporous resin purification process was designed to obtain food-grade phlorotannin-rich extracts from the seaweeds Durvillaea incurvata and Lessonia spicata. Phlorotannins were profiled to relate structures with the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied for tentative identification. The best phlorotannin purification performance was achieved with HP-20 resin and elution with 80% v/v ethanol. This is the first study that demonstrates the effectivity of HP-20 resin for removing potentially toxic elements (As, Cd) from seaweed extracts. Fucols/phlorethols/fucophlorethols isomers up to 4 phloroglucinol units (PGU) were the most representative phlorotannins. High molecular weight species (11-21 PGU), although in low abundances, were detected in D. incurvata for the first time. Eckols, carmalols, fuhalols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids were also detected. Some extracts' potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were related to their high phlorotannin abundances, the presence of phlorotannins of a high degree of polymerization, and the phlorotannins class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Erpel
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Conrado Camilo
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - J Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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7
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Nagahawatta DP, Liyanage NM, Je JG, Jayawardhana HHACK, Jayawardena TU, Jeong SH, Kwon HJ, Choi CS, Jeon YJ. Polyphenolic Compounds Isolated from Marine Algae Attenuate the Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the Host Cell through a Multi-Target Approach of 3CL pro and PL pro. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120786. [PMID: 36547933 PMCID: PMC9781010 DOI: 10.3390/md20120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A global health concern has emerged as a response to the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The identification and inhibition of drug targets of SARS-CoV-2 is a decisive obligation of scientists. In addition to the cell entry mechanism, SARS-CoV-2 expresses a complicated replication mechanism that provides excellent drug targets. Papain-like protease (PLpro) and 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) play a vital role in polyprotein processing, producing functional non-structural proteins essential for viral replication and survival in the host cell. Moreover, PLpro is employed by SARS-CoV-2 for reversing host immune responses. Therefore, if some particular compound has the potential to interfere with the proteolytic activities of 3CLpro and PLpro of SARS-CoV-2, it may be effective as a treatment or prophylaxis for COVID-19, reducing viral load, and reinstating innate immune responses. Thus, the present study aims to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 through 3CLpro and PLpro using marine natural products isolated from marine algae that contain numerous beneficial biological activities. Molecular docking analysis was utilized in the present study for the initial screening of selected natural products depending on their 3CLpro and PLpro structures. Based on this approach, Ishophloroglucin A (IPA), Dieckol, Eckmaxol, and Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) were isolated and used to perform in vitro evaluations. IPA presented remarkable inhibitory activity against interesting drug targets. Moreover, Dieckol, Eckmaxol, and DPHC also expressed significant potential as inhibitors. Finally, the results of the present study confirm the potential of IPA, Dieckol, Eckmaxol, and DPHC as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that assesses the use of marine natural products as a multifactorial approach against 3CLpro and PLpro of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - N. M. Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Thilina U. Jayawardena
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Seong-Hun Jeong
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kwon
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.S.C.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.S.C.); (Y.-J.J.)
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8
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Chen J, Li P, Ye S, Li W, Li M, Ding Y. Systems pharmacology-based drug discovery and active mechanism of phlorotannins for type 2 diabetes mellitus by integrating network pharmacology and experimental evaluation. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14492. [PMID: 36385377 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phlorotannins, polyphenolic compounds that exist only in brown algae, have an effect on T2DM. However, the structure of phlorotannins is complex and diverse, and the complex role of therapeutic targets and active compounds has not been revealed. In this study, the potential targets and pharmacological effects of phlorotannins in the treatment of T2DM were identified based on network pharmacology and enzyme activity inhibition experiment. In total, 15 phlorotannins and 53 associated targets were yielded. Among them, SRC, ESR1, AKT1, HSP90AB1, and AR were defined as core targets. 527 GO biological processes items and 101 KEGG pathways were obtained, including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and VEGF signaling pathway. Phlorotannins could enable resistance against T2DM by inflammatory, survival, gene transcription, proliferation, apoptosis, and atherosclerosis. Finally, α-glucosidase inhibition assay and molecular docking proved the effect of selected phlorotannins on T2DM. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Phlorotannins are a kind of polyphenol compounds that only exists in brown algae. Its structure is polymerized by aromatic precursors phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). They have aroused great interest due to their excellent and valuable biological activities. However, the structure of phlorotannins is complex and diverse, and the complex role of therapeutic targets and active compounds has not been revealed. In this study, the potential targets and pharmacological effects of phlorotannins in the treatment of T2DM were determined basis on network pharmacology and enzyme activity inhibition experiment. In conclusion, the results showed the value of phlorotannins treating on T2DM. Moreover, this study has great significance for improving the medicinal value of phlorotannins and screening natural products for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuhong Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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9
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Zheng H, Zhao Y, Guo L. A Bioactive Substance Derived from Brown Seaweeds: Phlorotannins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:742. [PMID: 36547889 PMCID: PMC9785976 DOI: 10.3390/md20120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are a type of natural active substance extracted from brown algae, which belong to a type of important plant polyphenol. Phloroglucinol is the basic unit in its structure. Phlorotannins have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, whitening, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory, etc. Phlorotannins are mainly used in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics. This paper reviews the research progress of extraction, separation technology and biological activity of phlorotannins, which will help the scientific community investigate the greater biological significance of phlorotannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Maheswari V, Babu PAS. Phlorotannin and its Derivatives, a Potential Antiviral Molecule from Brown Seaweeds, an Overview. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY 2022; 48:309-324. [PMID: 36405241 PMCID: PMC9640822 DOI: 10.1134/s1063074022050169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research on seaweeds provides a continual discovery of natural bioactive compounds. The review presents new information on studies of the potential and specific antiviral action of phlorotannin and their derivatives from marine brown algae. Phlorotannin is a polyphenolic derivative and a secondary metabolite from marine brown algae which exhibits a high quality of biological properties. Phlorotannin has a variety of biological activities that include antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, antibacterial, antihypertensive and immune modulating activities. These phlorotannin properties were revealed by various biochemical and cell-based assays in vitro. This distinctive polyphenol from the marine brown algae may be a potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compound. In this review, the extraction, quantification, characterization, purification, and biological applications of phlorotannin are discussed, and antiviral potential is described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Maheswari
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, 600062 Avadi, Chennai, Tamilnadu India
| | - P. Azhagu Saravana Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, 600062 Avadi, Chennai, Tamilnadu India
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Antiviral activity of CAVAC-1901, a combination of 3 standardized medicinal plants, against highly pathogenic influenza A virus in chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102315. [PMID: 36473384 PMCID: PMC9720341 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different medicinal plants that consisted of the formulated mixture (CAVAC-1901) have been traditionally used for distinct medicinal purposes in different areas. Angelica dahurica has been used as an important ingredient of a prescription, Gumiganghwal-tang, for the common cold and influenza. Curcuma longa has been utilized for the treatment of asthma, and jaundice. Pinus densiflora (Korean red pine) has been used to improve memory and brain function for the treatment of vascular. Industrial livestock, which are characterized by dense breeding, are vulnerable to influenza infection, causing severe economic loss and social problems. However, there are no viable alternatives due to the risk of the occurrence of variants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discover anti-influenza combinations of different medicinal plants with the concept of a multicomponent and multitarget (MCMT) strategy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). As part of a continuous project, 3 medicinal plants whose inhibitory activity against influenza A was previously reported at the compound level, and the inhibition of cytopathic effects (CPEs) by these formulated mixtures was evaluated against influenza A virus H1N1. A selected combination with an optimal ratio exhibiting synergistic activity was assessed for its antiviral activity in chickens against the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N6. The selected combination (CAVAC-1901) showed potent inhibitory effects on the expression of neuraminidase and nucleoprotein, by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. The antiviral activity was more evident in chickens infected with H5N6. The sample-treated group (50 mg/kg/d) decreased mortality and virus titers in various organs. Our results indirectly suggest synergistic inhibitory activity of the combination of 3 different medicinal plants with different modes of action. Taken together, an optimally formulated mixture (CAVAC-1901) could serve as an effective alternative to current measures to minimize damage caused by HPAIs.
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Antiviral Activity and Mechanisms of Seaweeds Bioactive Compounds on Enveloped Viruses-A Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060385. [PMID: 35736188 PMCID: PMC9228758 DOI: 10.3390/md20060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the interest in seaweed has significantly increased. Bioactive compounds from seaweed’s currently receive major attention from pharmaceutical companies as they express several interesting biological activities which are beneficial for humans. The structural diversity of seaweed metabolites provides diverse biological activities which are expressed through diverse mechanisms of actions. This review mainly focuses on the antiviral activity of seaweed’s extracts, highlighting the mechanisms of actions of some seaweed molecules against infection caused by different types of enveloped viruses: influenza, Lentivirus (HIV-1), Herpes viruses, and coronaviruses. Seaweed metabolites with antiviral properties can act trough different pathways by increasing the host’s defense system or through targeting and blocking virus replication before it enters host cells. Several studies have already established the large antiviral spectrum of seaweed’s bioactive compounds. Throughout this review, antiviral mechanisms and medical applications of seaweed’s bioactive compounds are analyzed, suggesting seaweed’s potential source of antiviral compounds for the formulation of novel and natural antiviral drugs.
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Mukherjee PK, Efferth T, Das B, Kar A, Ghosh S, Singha S, Debnath P, Sharma N, Bhardwaj PK, Haldar PK. Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153930. [PMID: 35114450 PMCID: PMC8730822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide corona virus disease outbreak, generally known as COVID-19 pandemic outbreak resulted in a major health crisis globally. The morbidity and transmission modality of COVID-19 appear more severe and uncontrollable. The respiratory failure and following cardiovascular complications are the main pathophysiology of this deadly disease. Several therapeutic strategies are put forward for the development of safe and effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2 virus from the pharmacological view point but till date there are no specific treatment regimen developed for this viral infection. PURPOSE The present review emphasizes the role of herbs and herbs-derived secondary metabolites in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus and also for the management of post-COVID-19 related complications. This approach will foster and ensure the safeguards of using medicinal plant resources to support the healthcare system. Plant-derived phytochemicals have already been reported to prevent the viral infection and to overcome the post-COVID complications like parkinsonism, kidney and heart failure, liver and lungs injury and mental problems. In this review, we explored mechanistic approaches of herbal medicines and their phytocomponenets as antiviral and post-COVID complications by modulating the immunological and inflammatory states. STUDY DESIGN Studies related to diagnosis and treatment guidelines issued for COVID-19 by different traditional system of medicine were included. The information was gathered from pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions approaches. The gathered information sorted based on therapeutic application of herbs and their components against SARSCoV-2 and COVID-19 related complications. METHODS A systemic search of published literature was conducted from 2003 to 2021 using different literature database like Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science to emphasize relevant articles on medicinal plants against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection and Post-COVID related complications. RESULTS Collected published literature from 2003 onwards yielded with total 625 articles, from more than 18 countries. Among these 625 articles, more than 95 medicinal plants and 25 active phytomolecules belong to 48 plant families. Reports on the therapeutic activity of the medicinal plants belong to the Lamiaceae family (11 reports), which was found to be maximum reported from 4 different countries including India, China, Australia, and Morocco. Other reports on the medicinal plant of Asteraceae (7 reports), Fabaceae (8 reports), Piperaceae (3 reports), Zingiberaceae (3 reports), Ranunculaceae (3 reports), Meliaceae (4 reports) were found, which can be explored for the development of safe and efficacious products targeting COVID-19. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind that the natural alternatives are in the priority for the management and prevention of the COVID-19, the present review may help to develop an alternative approach for the management of COVID-19 viral infection and post-COVID complications from a mechanistic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India; School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bhaskar Das
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Pradip Debnath
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal-795001, India
| | | | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700 032, India
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Gunaseelan S, Arunkumar M, Aravind MK, Gayathri S, Rajkeerthana S, Mohankumar V, Ashokkumar B, Varalakshmi P. Probing marine brown macroalgal phlorotannins as antiviral candidate against SARS-CoV-2: molecular docking and dynamics simulation approach. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3205-3224. [PMID: 35152367 PMCID: PMC9636370 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Over the past year, owing to the emergent demand for the search for potential COVID-19 therapeutics, identifying alternative candidates from biological sources is one of the sustainable ways to reinforce the drug discovery process. Marine macroalgae have numerous advantages because of the richest availability of underexploited bioactive compounds. Polyphenolic compounds like phlorotannins obtained from brown macroalgae are reported as proven antiviral and immunostimulatory agents. Thus, the present study evaluated the possibility of phlorotannins as antagonists to the multiple target proteins essential for SARS-CoV-2 replication. Twenty different types of potent phlorotannins were targeted against druggable target proteins, viz., 3CLpro, RdRp, and Spro using AutoDock molecular docking, drug-likeness were assessed by ADMET profiling (QikProp module). Further, validated with 200 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation (Desmond module) for the top-ranked phlorotannins based on docking binding affinities. Among the twenty phlorotannins studied, eckol hexacetate, phlorofucofuroeckol, fucofuroeckol, and bifuhalol-hexacetate showed significant binding affinities across the selected targets. Besides, MD simulations highlighted Glu166, Gln189, Cys145, and Thr190 tetrad as potential interaction sites to inhibit 3CLpro's activity. Moreover, phlorotannins were confirmed to be druglike, with no major deviation observed in ADMET-profiling. Hence, phlorotannins could be therapeutic candidates against SARS-CoV-2. However, further investigations are needed to prove its efficacy as an antiviral agent. Conclusively, this study may envisage that the novel finding could notably impact the advancement of antiviral interventions for COVID-19 in the near future. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11030-022-10383-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathaiah Gunaseelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India
| | - Malaisamy Arunkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Manikka Kubendran Aravind
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhalingam Gayathri
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Rajkeerthana
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India
| | - Verma Mohankumar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625 021, India.
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Fernando IPS, Lee W, Ahn G. Marine algal flavonoids and phlorotannins; an intriguing frontier of biofunctional secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 42:23-45. [PMID: 34016003 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1922351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Algae are the oldest representatives of the plant world with reserves exceeding hundreds of millions of tons in the world's oceans. Currently, a growing interest is placed toward the use of algae as feedstocks for obtaining numerous natural products. Algae are a rich source of polyphenols that possess intriguing structural diversity. Among the algal polyphenols, phlorotannins, which are unique to brown seaweeds, and have immense value as potent modulators of biochemical processes linked to chronic diseases. In algae, flavonoids remain under-explored compared to other categories of polyphenols. Both phlorotannins and flavonoids are inclusive of compounds indicating a wide structural diversity. The present paper reviews the literature on the ecological significance, biosynthesis, structural diversity, and bioactivity of seaweed phlorotannins and flavonoids. The potential implementation of these chemical entities in functional foods, cosmeceuticals, medicaments, and as templates in drug design are described in detail, and perspectives are provided to tackle what are perceived to be the most momentous challenges related to the utilization of phlorotannins and flavonoids. Moving beyond: industrial biotechnology applications, metabolic engineering, total synthesis, biomimetic synthesis, and chemical derivatization of phlorotannins and flavonoids could broaden the research perspectives contributing to the health and economic up-gradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - WonWoo Lee
- Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, 99, Gohadoan-gil, Mokpo-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
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Kumar LRG, Paul PT, Anas KK, Tejpal CS, Chatterjee NS, Anupama TK, Mathew S, Ravishankar CN. Phlorotannins-bioactivity and extraction perspectives. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2022; 34:2173-2185. [PMID: 35601997 PMCID: PMC9112266 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-022-02749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phlorotannins, a seaweed based class of polyphenolic compounds, have proven to possess potential bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, neuroprotection etc. These bioactivities have further increased demand globally and sustainable techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, extraction using deep eutectic solvents etc. are being explored currently for production of phlorotannin-rich extracts. In spite of such well documented bioactivities, very few phlorotannin-based nutraceuticals are available commercially which highlights the significance of generating consumer awareness about their physiological benefits. However, for industry level commercialization accurate quantification of phlorotannins with respect to the different classes is vital requiring sophisticated analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR spectroscopy etc. owing to the wide structural diversity. This review summarizes the extraction and bioactivities of phlorotannins based on the findings of in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi R. G. Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - Preethy Treesa Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - K. K. Anas
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - C. S. Tejpal
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - N. S. Chatterjee
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - T. K. Anupama
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Veraval Research Centre, Veraval, India
| | - Suseela Mathew
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
| | - C. N. Ravishankar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT), Cochin-29, Cochin, India
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Park SK, Kang JY, Kim JM, Kim HJ, Heo HJ. Ecklonia cava Attenuates PM 2.5-Induced Cognitive Decline through Mitochondrial Activation and Anti-Inflammatory Effect. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:131. [PMID: 33673531 PMCID: PMC7997322 DOI: 10.3390/md19030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) on ambient-pollution-induced neurotoxicity, we used a mouse model exposed to particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). The intake of water extract from E. cava (WEE) effectively prevented the learning and memory decline. After a behavioral test, the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-initiated inflammatory response was confirmed by PM2.5 exposure in the lung and brain tissues, and the WEE was regulated through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/inflammasome formation signaling pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ). The WEE also effectively improved the PM2.5-induced oxidative damage of the lungs and brain through the inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the activation of mitochondrial activity (mitochondrial ROS content, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic molecules). In particular, the WEE regulated the cognition-related proteins (a decreased amyloid precursor protein (APP) and p-Tau, and an increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)) associated with PM2.5-induced cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, the WEE prevented the inactivation of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis and release as a neurotransmitter by regulating the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and ACh receptor (AChR)-α3 in the brain tissue. The bioactive compounds of the WEE were detected as the polysaccharide (average Mw; 160.13 kDa) and phenolic compounds including 2'-phloroeckol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.-J.K.)
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Effects of Phlorotannins on Organisms: Focus on the Safety, Toxicity, and Availability of Phlorotannins. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020452. [PMID: 33669572 PMCID: PMC7922789 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are polyphenolic compounds produced via polymerization of phloroglucinol, and these compounds have varying molecular weights (up to 650 kDa). Brown seaweeds are rich in phlorotannins compounds possessing various biological activities, including algicidal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Many review papers on the chemical characterization and quantification of phlorotannins and their functionality have been published to date. However, although studies on the safety and toxicity of these phlorotannins have been conducted, there have been no articles reviewing this topic. In this review, the safety and toxicity of phlorotannins in different organisms are discussed. Online databases (Science Direct, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) were searched, yielding 106 results. Following removal of duplicates and application of the exclusion criteria, 34 articles were reviewed. Phlorotannins from brown seaweeds showed low toxicity in cell lines, invertebrates, microalgae, seaweeds, plants, animals (fish, mice, rats, and dogs), and humans. However, the safety and toxicity of phlorotannins in aquaculture fish, livestock, and companion animals are limited. Further studies in these organisms are necessary to carry out a systematic analysis of the safety and toxicity of phlorotannins and to further identify the potential of phlorotannins as functional foods, feeds, and pharmaceuticals.
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Besednova NN, Andryukov BG, Zaporozhets TS, Kryzhanovsky SP, Fedyanina LN, Kuznetsova TA, Zvyagintseva TN, Shchelkanov MY. Antiviral Effects of Polyphenols from Marine Algae. Biomedicines 2021; 9:200. [PMID: 33671278 PMCID: PMC7921925 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease-preventive and medicinal properties of plant polyphenolic compounds have long been known. As active ingredients, they are used to prevent and treat many noncommunicable diseases. In recent decades, marine macroalgae have attracted the attention of biotechnologists and pharmacologists as a promising and almost inexhaustible source of polyphenols. This heterogeneous group of compounds contains many biopolymers with unique structure and biological properties that exhibit high anti-infective activity. In the present review, the authors focus on the antiviral potential of polyphenolic compounds (phlorotannins) from marine algae and consider the mechanisms of their action as well as other biological properties of these compounds that have effects on the progress and outcome of viral infections. Effective nutraceuticals, to be potentially developed on the basis of algal polyphenols, can also be used in the complex therapy of viral diseases. It is necessary to extend in vivo studies on laboratory animals, which subsequently will allow proceeding to clinical tests. Polyphenolic compounds have a great potential as active ingredients to be used for the creation of new antiviral pharmaceutical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N. Besednova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Boris G. Andryukov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana S. Zaporozhets
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky
- Medical Association of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Ludmila N. Fedyanina
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
| | | | - Mikhail Yu. Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia; (B.G.A.); (T.S.Z.); (T.A.K.); (M.Y.S.)
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Federal Scientific Center of the Eastern Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
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Shrestha S, Zhang W, Smid S. Phlorotannins: A review on biosynthesis, chemistry and bioactivity. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Carroll AR, Copp BR, Davis RA, Keyzers RA, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:362-413. [PMID: 33570537 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2019 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 719 citations (701 for the period January to December 2019) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1490 in 440 papers for 2019), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. Methods used to study marine fungi and their chemical diversity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia and School of Enivironment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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22
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Computational modeling of the pharmacological actions of some antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2. DATA SCIENCE FOR COVID-19 2021. [PMCID: PMC8137999 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824536-1.00018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological and toxicological potential of five known antiviral agents and their derivatives through computational modeling. Ritonavir, remdesivir, chloroquine, lopinavir, lieckol, and their derivatives were subjected to molecular docking analysis against five SARS-CoV-2 target proteins. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties of the compounds with high affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 target proteins were predicted. Dieckol demonstrated the highest binding affinity for all the SARS-CoV-2 target proteins, while lopinavir and ritonavir showed a relatively high-binding affinity for 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, main protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The compounds fulfilled the Lipinski rule, possess moderate water solubility, gastrointestinal absorption absorption, bioavailability, synthetic accessibility, and optimum lipophilicity. Hence, this study proves the therapeutic potential of dieckol, lopinavir, and ritonavir.
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Lee BW, Quy Ha TK, Park EJ, Cho HM, Ryu B, Doan TP, Lee HJ, Oh WK. Melicopteline A-E, Unusual Cyclopeptide Alkaloids with Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Virus from Melicope pteleifolia. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1437-1447. [PMID: 33369410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the search for antiviral cyclopeptides against influenza A virus, five unprecedented Caryophyllaceae-type cyclopeptides (1-5) were isolated from the leaves of Melicope pteleifolia. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously determined by means of advanced Marfey's analysis and comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and MS/MS fragmentation. Interestingly, compounds 3-5 contain an unusual heterocycle, a 3a-hydroxypyrroloindole moiety, which was biosynthetically formed by a nucleophilic cyclization from the least abundant amino acid, tryptophan, precursor and has aroused a great interest in the aspect of chemical diversity and biological activity. All isolates (1-5) were evaluated for their protective effects against influenza A viruses H1N1 and H9N2 in MDCK cells. All isolated cyclopeptides exhibited strong anti-influenza activity, especially against H1N1. Compound 3 showed the most potent CPE inhibition effect, which was stronger than that of the positive control ribavirin against H1N1, with an EC50 (μM) of 2.57 ± 0.45 along with higher selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City 900000, Vietnam
| | - Eun Jin Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Phuong Doan
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Erpel F, Mateos R, Pérez-Jiménez J, Pérez-Correa JR. Phlorotannins: From isolation and structural characterization, to the evaluation of their antidiabetic and anticancer potential. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109589. [PMID: 33233195 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phlorotannins are phenolic characteristic compounds of brown seaweeds that are only constituted by phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). They are chain- and net-like structures of diverse molecular weights and have been widely identified in Ecklonia, Eisenia, and Ishige species. Since the time they were discovered in the '70 s, phlorotannins have been suggested as a main factor responsible for the antimicrobial activities attributed to algae extracts. Currently, cumulative in vitro and in vivo research evidence the diverse bioactivities of phlorotannin extracts -such as antidiabetic, anticancer, and antibacterial- pointing out their potential pharmacological and food applications. However, metabolomic studies and clinical trials are scarce, and thus many phlorotannins health-beneficial effects in humans are not yet confirmed. This article reviews recent studies assessing the antidiabetic and anticancer activities of phlorotannins. Particularly, their potential to prevent and control the progression of these non-communicable diseases is discussed, considering in vitro and animal studies, as well as clinical interventions. In contrast to other approaches, we only included investigations with isolated phlorotannins or phlorotannin-rich extracts. Thus, phlorotannin extraction, purification and characterization procedures are briefly addressed. Overall, although considerable research showing the antidiabetic and anticancer potential of phlorotannins is now available, further clinical trials are still necessary to conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of these compounds as adjuvants for diabetes and cancer prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Erpel
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Calle José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
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Lee BW, Ha TKQ, Cho HM, An JP, Kim SK, Kim CS, Kim E, Oh WK. Antiviral activity of furanocoumarins isolated from Angelica dahurica against influenza a viruses H1N1 and H9N2. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112945. [PMID: 32389854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav. (Umbelliferae family) is an herbaceous, perennial plant native to northern and eastern Asia. The root of A. dahurica has traditionally been used under the name "Bai Zhi" as a medicinal plant for colds, dizziness, ulcers, and rheumatism. Moreover, it is also an important ingredient of various prescriptions, such as Gumiganghwal-Tang, for the common cold and influenza. AIM OF THE STUDY Even though various biological activities of the root of A. dahurica have been reported along with its chemical components, the detailed mechanism of how it exerts anti-influenza activity at the compound level has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the anti-influenza properties of furanocoumarins purified by bioactivity-guided isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioactivity-guided isolation from a 70% EtOH extract of the root of A. dahurica was performed to produce four active furanocoumarins. The inhibition of cytopathic effects (CPEs) was evaluated to ascertain the antiviral activity of these compounds against influenza A (H1N1 and H9N2) viruses. The most potent compound was subjected to detailed mechanistic studies such as the inhibition of viral protein synthesis, CPE inhibition in different phases of the viral replication cycle, neuraminidase (NA) inhibition, antiapoptotic activity using flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The bioactivity-guided isolation produced four active furanocoumarins, isoimperatorin (1), oxypeucedanin (2), oxypeucedanin hydrate (3) and imperatorin (4) from the n-BuOH fraction. Among them, compound 2 (followed by compounds 1, 4 and 3) showed a significant CPE inhibition effect, which was stronger than that of the positive control ribavirin, against both H1N1 and H9N2 with an EC50 (μM) of 5.98 ± 0.71 and 4.52 ± 0.39, respectively. Compound 2 inhibited the synthesis of NA and nucleoprotein (NP) in a dose-dependent manner. In the time course assays, the cytopathic effects of influenza A-infected MDCK cells were reduced by 80-90% when treated with compound 2 for 1 and 2 h after infection and declined drastically 3 h after infection. The level of viral NA and NP production was markedly reduced to less than 20% for both proteins in compound 2 (20 μM)-treated cells compared to untreated cells at 2 h after infection. In the molecular docking analysis, compound 2 showed a stronger binding affinity for the C-terminus of polymerase acidic protein (PAC; -36.28 kcal/mol) than the other two polymerase subunits. Compound 2 also exerted an antiapoptotic effect on virus infected cells and significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and Bax. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that compound 2 might exert anti-influenza A activity via the inhibition of the early phase of the viral replication cycle, not direct neutralization of surface proteins, such as hemagglutinin and NA, and abnormal apoptosis induced by virus infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that furanocoumarins predominant in A. dahurica play a pivotal role in its antiviral activity. These findings can also explain the reasons for the ethnopharmacological uses of this plant as an important ingredient in many antiviral prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam
| | - Hyo Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Pyo An
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kyun Kim
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory, 1476-37, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Sik Kim
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory, 1476-37, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratory, 1476-37, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Shrestha S, Zhang W, Begbie AJ, Pukala TL, Smid SD. Ecklonia radiata extract containing eckol protects neuronal cells against Aβ 1-42 evoked toxicity and reduces aggregate density. Food Funct 2020; 11:6509-6516. [PMID: 32633748 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae) polyphenolics such as phlorotannins are ascribed various biological activities, including neuroprotection. Of these seaweeds, Ecklonia radiata (E. radiata) is found abundantly along South Australian coastal regions; however it has not been explored for various biological activities relative to any component phlorotannins previously ascribed neuroprotective capacity. In the present study, we evaluated neuroprotective activity against the neurotoxic amyloid β protein (Aβ1-42) of an ethanol extract of E. radiata compared with various additional solvent-solubilised fractions in a neuronal PC-12 cell line. The ethyl acetate fraction comprising 62% phlorotannins demonstrated the most efficacious neuroprotective activity, inhibiting neurotoxicity at all Aβ1-42 concentrations. In addition, this fraction demonstrated a significant reduction in Aβ aggregate density, but did not alter overall aggregate morphology. Centrifugal partitioning chromatography was used to isolate the major component, eckol, in high yield and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to characterize the major components of the ethyl acetate fraction. Our results demonstrate that the prevalence of eckol-type phlorotannins are associated with neuroprotective bioactivity of E. radiata, suggestive of potential nutraceutical and biopharmaceutical uses of this brown seaweed phlorotannin in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Shrestha
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development (CMBD), Australia and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander J Begbie
- Discipline of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tara L Pukala
- Discipline of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Scott D Smid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Antiviral Activities of Compounds Isolated from Pinus densiflora (Pine Tree) against the Influenza A Virus. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050711. [PMID: 32375402 PMCID: PMC7278015 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinus densiflora was screened in an ongoing project to discover anti-influenza candidates from natural products. An extensive phytochemical investigation provided 26 compounds, including two new megastigmane glycosides (1 and 2), 21 diterpenoids (3–23), and three flavonoids (24–26). The chemical structures were elucidated by a series of chemical reactions, including modified Mosher’s analysis and various spectroscopic measurements such as LC/MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR. The anti-influenza A activities of all isolates were screened by cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition assays and neuraminidase (NA) inhibition assays. Ten candidates were selected, and detailed mechanistic studies were performed by various assays, such as Western blot, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Compound 5 exerted its antiviral activity not by direct neutralizing virion surface proteins, such as HA, but by inhibiting the expression of viral mRNA. In contrast, compound 24 showed NA inhibitory activity in a noncompetitive manner with little effect on viral mRNA expression. Interestingly, both compounds 5 and 24 were shown to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results provide not only the chemical profiling of P. densiflora but also anti-influenza A candidates.
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Santos SAO, Félix R, Pais ACS, Rocha SM, Silvestre AJD. The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E847. [PMID: 31835386 PMCID: PMC6995553 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current interest of the scientific community for the exploitation of high-value compounds from macroalgae is related to the increasing knowledge of their biological activities and health benefits. Macroalgae phenolic compounds, particularly phlorotannins, have gained particular attention due to their specific bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, or antidiabetic. Notwithstanding, the characterization of macroalgae phenolic compounds is a multi-step task, with high challenges associated with their isolation and characterization, due to the highly complex and polysaccharide-rich matrix of macroalgae. Therefore, this fraction is far from being fully explored. In fact, a critical revision of the extraction and characterization methodologies already used in the analysis of phenolic compounds from macroalgae is lacking in the literature, and it is of uttermost importance to compile validated methodologies and discourage misleading practices. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of phenolic compounds already identified in green, red, and brown macroalgae, reviewing their structural classification, as well as critically discussing extraction methodologies, chromatographic separation techniques, and the analytical strategies for their characterization, including information about structural identification techniques and key spectroscopic profiles. For the first time, mass spectrometry data of phlorotannins, a chemical family quite exclusive of macroalgae, is compiled and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia A. O. Santos
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- On Leave MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Adriana C. S. Pais
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- QOPNA/LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.S.P.); (A.J.D.S.)
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