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Duan X, Subbiah V, Agar OT, Barrow CJ, Ashokkumar M, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. Optimizing extraction methods by a comprehensive experimental approach and characterizing polyphenol compositions of Ecklonia radiata. Food Chem 2024; 455:139926. [PMID: 38833868 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Brown seaweed Ecklonia radiata harbors valuable polyphenols, notably phlorotannins, prized for their health benefits. This study optimized phlorotannin extraction via conventional solvent extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods, utilizing variable concentrations of ethanol. Employing fractional factorial designs, key variables were identified. Steepest ascent/descent method and central composite rotatable designs refined optimal conditions, enhancing phlorotannin and polyphenol yields, and antioxidant capacities. Under optimized conditions, phlorotannin contents reached 2.366 ± 0.01 and 2.596 ± 0.04 PGE mg/g, total polyphenol contents peaked at 10.223 ± 0.03 and 10.836 ± 0.02 GAE mg/g. Robust antioxidant activity was observed: DPPH and OH radical scavenging capacities measured 27.891 ± 0.06 and 17.441 ± 0.08 TE mg/g, and 37.498 ± 1.12 and 49.391 ± 0.82 TE mg/g, respectively. Reducing power capacities surged to 9.016 ± 0.02 and 28.110 ± 0.10 TE mg/g. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses revealed enriched antioxidant compounds. Variations in polyphenol profiles were noted, potentially influencing antioxidant capacity nuances. This study illuminated the potential of E. radiata potential as a polyphenol source and offers optimized extraction methods poised to benefit various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Duan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vigasini Subbiah
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
| | - Osman Tuncay Agar
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia
| | | | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3217, Australia.
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Paun G, Neagu E, Alecu A, Albu C, Seciu-Grama AM, Radu GL. Evaluating the Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Medicago sativa and Solidago virgaurea Polyphenolic-Rich Extracts. Molecules 2024; 29:326. [PMID: 38257240 PMCID: PMC10820096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Medicago sativa and Solidago virgaurea extracts enriched in polyphenolic compounds. The extracts were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and laser irradiation. Then, microfiltration was used for purification, followed by nanofiltration used to concentrate the two extracts. The obtained extracts were analyzed to determine their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power methods. The antidiabetic properties have been investigated in vitro on a murine insulinoma cell line (β-TC-6) by the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. M. sativa obtained by laser irradiation and concentrated by nanofiltration showed the highest DPPH• scavenging (EC50 = 105.2 ± 1.1 µg/mL) and reducing power activities (EC50 = 40.98 ± 0.2 µg/mL). M. sativa extracts had higher inhibition on α-amylase (IC50 = 23.9 ± 1.2 µg/mL for concentrated extract obtained after ASE, and 26.8 ± 1.1), while S. virgaurea had the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (9.3 ± 0.9 µg/mL for concentrated extract obtained after ASE, and 8.6 ± 0.7 µg/mL for concentrated extract obtained after laser extraction). The obtained results after evaluating in vitro the antidiabetic activity showed that the treatment with M. sativa and S. virgaurea polyphenolic-rich extracts stimulated the insulin secretion of β-TC-6 cells, both under normal conditions and under hyperglycemic conditions as well. This paper argues that M. sativa and S. virgaurea polyphenolic-rich extracts could be excellent natural sources with promising antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Paun
- National Institute for Research-Development of Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 296 Spl. Independentei, P.O. Box 17-16, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.); (C.A.); (A.-M.S.-G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Elena Neagu
- National Institute for Research-Development of Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 296 Spl. Independentei, P.O. Box 17-16, 060031 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.); (C.A.); (A.-M.S.-G.); (G.L.R.)
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Rajauria G, Ravindran R, Garcia-Vaquero M, Rai DK, Sweeney T, O’Doherty J. Purification and Molecular Characterization of Fucoidan Isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum Brown Seaweed Grown in Ireland. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:315. [PMID: 37233509 PMCID: PMC10223938 DOI: 10.3390/md21050315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the molecular characteristics of fucoidan obtained from the brown Irish seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, employing hydrothermal-assisted extraction (HAE) followed by a three-step purification protocol. The dried seaweed biomass contained 100.9 mg/g of fucoidan, whereas optimised HAE conditions (solvent, 0.1N HCl; time, 62 min; temperature, 120 °C; and solid to liquid ratio, 1:30 (w/v)) yielded 417.6 mg/g of fucoidan in the crude extract. A three-step purification of the crude extract, involving solvents (ethanol, water, and calcium chloride), molecular weight cut-off filter (MWCO; 10 kDa), and solid-phase extraction (SPE), resulted in 517.1 mg/g, 562.3 mg/g, and 633.2 mg/g of fucoidan (p < 0.05), respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity, as determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, revealed that the crude extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to the purified fractions, commercial fucoidan, and ascorbic acid standard (p < 0.05). The molecular attributes of biologically active fucoidan-rich MWCO fraction was characterised by quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The electrospray ionisation mass spectra of purified fucoidan revealed quadruply ([M+4H]4+) and triply ([M+3H]3+) charged fucoidan moieties at m/z 1376 and m/z 1824, respectively, and confirmed the molecular mass 5444 Da (~5.4 kDa) from multiply charged species. The FTIR analysis of both purified fucoidan and commercial fucoidan standard exhibited O-H, C-H, and S=O stretching which are represented by bands at 3400 cm-1, 2920 cm-1, and 1220-1230 cm-1, respectively. In conclusion, the fucoidan recovered from HAE followed by a three-step purification process was highly purified; however, purification reduced the antioxidant activity compared to the crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Microbiology, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, SUSFERM Fermentation Science and Bioprocess Engineering Centre, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technology, V92 CX88 Tralee, Ireland;
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Rajeev Ravindran
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technology, V92 CX88 Tralee, Ireland;
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Dilip K. Rai
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland;
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First Insight into the Neuroprotective and Antibacterial Effects of Phlorotannins Isolated from the Cell Walls of Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus and Pelvetia canaliculata. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030696. [PMID: 36978944 PMCID: PMC10045267 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaeophyceae (brown algae) essentially contribute to biotopes of cold and temperate seas. Their thalli are rich in biologically active natural products, which are strongly and universally dominated with phlorotannins—polyphenols of complex and diverse structure based on multiple differently arranged phloroglucinol units and well known as strong antioxidants with a broad spectrum of biological activities. In the algal cells, phlorotannins can either accumulate in the cytoplasm or can be secreted into the cell wall (CW). The biological activities of extractable intracellular phlorotannins have been comprehensively characterized, whereas the properties of the CW-bound polyphenol fraction are still mostly unknown. Recently, we identified dibenzodioxin bonding as the principal structural feature of the CW-bound phlorotannins in fucoid algae, whereas soluble intracellular phlorotannins rely on aryl and ether bonds. However, profiles of biological activity associated with these structural differences are still unknown. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time we address the antioxidant, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, and antibacterial properties of the CW-bound phlorotannin fractions isolated from two representatives of the order Fucales—Fucus vesiculosus and Pelvetia canaliculata. The CW-bound phlorotannins appeared to be softer antioxidants, stronger antibacterial agents and were featured with essentially less cytotoxicity in comparison to the intracellular fraction. However, the neuroprotective effects of both sub-cellular phlorotannin fractions of F. vesiculosus and P. canaliculata were similar. Thus, due to their lower cytotoxicity, CW-bound phlorotannins can be considered as promising antioxidants and neuroprotectors.
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Mittal R, Ranade VV. Intensifying extraction of biomolecules from macroalgae using vortex based hydrodynamic cavitation device. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106347. [PMID: 36870099 PMCID: PMC9996097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgae have a tremendous potential to become an important renewable resource for valuable biomolecules and chemicals. New and improved ways of cell disruption and of enhancing rate as well as yield of extraction of valuable products from macroalgae are needed to fully realise this potential. In this work, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was used for intensifying rate and yield of extraction of phycoerythrin, proteins and carbohydrates from marine macroalgae Palmaria palmata. We use vortex-based HC devices which do not use small restrictions like orifice-based HC devices or moving parts like rotor-stator based HC devices. A bench scale setup with a nominal slurry flow rate of 20 LPM was established. Dried and powdered macroalgae was used. Influence of key operating parameters like pressure drop and number of passes on extraction performance (the rate and yield) was measured. A simple, yet effective model was developed and used for interpreting and describing experimental data. The results indicate that there exists an optimum pressure drop across the device at which extraction performance is maximum. The extraction performance with HC was found to be significantly better than the stirred vessels. HC has resulted in 2 to 20 times improvement in the rate of extraction of phycoerythrin (R-PE), proteins and carbohydrates. Based on the results obtained in this work, pressure drop of 200 kPa and number of passes through the HC devices of about 100 were found to be most effective for HC-assisted intensified extraction from macroalgae. The presented results and model will be useful for harnessing vortex-based HC devices for intensifying the extraction of valuable products from macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochak Mittal
- Multiphase Flows, Reactors and Intensification Group, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Vivek V Ranade
- Multiphase Flows, Reactors and Intensification Group, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
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Structural and bioactive roles of fucoidan in nanogel delivery systems. A review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Shikov AN, Obluchinskaya ED, Flisyuk EV, Terninko II, Generalova YE, Pozharitskaya ON. The Impact of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Extraction Method on the Co-Extraction of Trace Metals from Fucus vesiculosus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:324. [PMID: 35621975 PMCID: PMC9147679 DOI: 10.3390/md20050324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have been widely investigated for the extraction of food and medicinal plants as well as seaweeds. However, the ability of NADES for trace elements co-extraction from natural sources is not well investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of common NADES for trace elements co-extraction from Fucus vesiculosus. All of the tested NADES did not recover As and Co (concentration
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Shikov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), Vladimirskaya, 17, 183010 Murmansk, Russia; (E.D.O.); (O.N.P.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Formulations, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), Vladimirskaya, 17, 183010 Murmansk, Russia; (E.D.O.); (O.N.P.)
| | - Elena V. Flisyuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Formulations, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Inna I. Terninko
- Core Shared Research Facilities “Analytical Center”, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.T.); (Y.E.G.)
| | - Yulia E. Generalova
- Core Shared Research Facilities “Analytical Center”, St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Prof. Popov, 14, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (I.I.T.); (Y.E.G.)
| | - Olga N. Pozharitskaya
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI RAS), Vladimirskaya, 17, 183010 Murmansk, Russia; (E.D.O.); (O.N.P.)
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Effects of Novel Extraction Strategies on the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds and Associated Antioxidant Properties from Buckwheat Hull (Fagopyrum esculentum). Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of novel extraction technologies, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pulsed electric field (PEF), high-pressure processing (HPP), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and conventional extraction, on the recovery of phenolic compounds and associated antioxidant properties from buckwheat hull (Fagopyrum esculentum). Initially, twenty-four extraction strategies were investigated. Based on the results of the total phenolic content and antioxidant properties (DPPH and FRAP), twelve strategies (i.e., US (n = 2), PEF (n = 1), MW (n = 4), HPP (n = 4), and a control method) were selected for phenolic profiling carried out using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Forty-one phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was also carried out on the treated residues to analyze the surface damage post-treatments. The results showed that samples treated with US (16.14 ± 0.06), PEF (9.94 ± 0.02), MW (12.63 ± 0.13), and HPP (21.76 ± 0.78) contained the highest total phenolic content (mg GAE/100 mg of DW). In the case of the antioxidant activities, the highest DPPH activities were obtained using HPP, MAE, and UAE, while no clear pattern was recorded in the case of FRAP activities. The highest DPPH and FRAP activities observed were 80.91 ± 0.22% and 23.98 ± 0.2 mg Trolox equivalents/100 mg, respectively. Additionally, the LC-MS results identified eleven different groups of phenolic compounds in buckwheat hull extracts, including anthocyanin, flavanol, flavanones, flavones, flavonol, phenolic acids, isoflavones, lignans, and quinones.
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Cano-Lamadrid M, Artés-Hernández F. By-Products Revalorization with Non-Thermal Treatments to Enhance Phytochemical Compounds of Fruit and Vegetables Derived Products: A Review. Foods 2021; 11:59. [PMID: 35010186 PMCID: PMC8750753 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information about non-thermal technologies applied in fruit and vegetables (F&V) by-products to enhance their phytochemicals and to obtain pectin. Moreover, the potential use of such compounds for food supplementation will also be of particular interest as a relevant and sustainable strategy to increase functional properties. The thermal instability of bioactive compounds, which induces a reduction of the content, has led to research and development during recent decades of non-thermal innovative technologies to preserve such nutraceuticals. Therefore, ultrasounds, light stresses, enzyme assisted treatment, fermentation, electro-technologies and high pressure, among others, have been developed and improved. Scientific evidence of F&V by-products application in food, pharmacologic and cosmetic products, and packaging materials were also found. Among food applications, it could be mentioned as enriched minimally processed fruits, beverages and purees fortification, healthier and "clean label" bakery and confectionary products, intelligent food packaging, and edible coatings. Future investigations should be focused on the optimization of 'green' non-thermal and sustainable-technologies on the F&V by-products' key compounds for the full-utilization of raw material in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Food Quality and Safety Group, Department of Agrofood Technology, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel, Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Artés-Hernández
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agronomical Engineering and Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, 30203 Murcia, Spain;
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Surendhiran D, Li C, Cui H, Lin L. Marine algae as efficacious bioresources housing antimicrobial compounds for preserving foods - A review. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 358:109416. [PMID: 34601353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Certain synthetic chemicals used in global food industries eliminate pathogenic food microbes and prevent spoilage. Nevertheless, their toxicity precludes human consumption. This phenomenon has made scientific fraternity to look for alternative antimicrobial compounds from natural resources. In recent times, marine algae have been illustrated to be potent and rich sources of antimicrobial agents as chemical replacements for applications in food. Identifying novel antimicrobial agents from natural resources have become a worldwide research with immense significance. Marine algae are now considered as one of the most inexhaustible and unexposed sources of antimicrobial agents due to their abundance in seawaters and renewability. This review elaborated on marine algal antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens, mode of action and cumulated the prospective use of algal compounds in active food packaging as a natural food preservative. Due to poor solubility, unpleasant odor and ineffectiveness of plant derived antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative bacteria, researchers opted for marine algae, an ideal candidate to be used as natural food preservatives. This article elaborates and summarizes the efficient bioactive molecules in marine algae and their possible application in food preservation to extend shelf life of foods without causing any toxicity. In conclusion, marine algae have potential antimicrobial property against food pathogens and have more advantages than other natural sources of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changzhu Li
- Department of Bioresource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Sánchez-Bonet D, García-Oms S, Belda-Antolí M, Padrón-Sanz C, Lloris-Carsi JM, Cejalvo-Lapeña D. RP-HPLC-DAD determination of the differences in the polyphenol content of Fucus vesiculosus extracts with similar antioxidant activity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1184:122978. [PMID: 34656908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Significant quantities of bioactive compounds have been found in the chemical composition of seaweeds. This source of natural antioxidants such as polyphenols appears to attenuate lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress, preventing the harmful effects of a number of injuries including ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Conventional extraction (CE) has been used for years as a traditional method for obtaining bioactive components from seaweeds. However, recent studies highlight ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) as an alternative and more eco-friendly technique. Therefore, the two methods were optimised and compared to obtain a Fucus vesiculosus extract (FVE) with high antioxidant activity and polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained after 1 h at 25 °C for conventional extraction, and after 5 min at 35 °C for ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Higher concentrations of polyphenols were obtained with the optimal conditions in conventional extraction (13.61 mg PGE/g seaweed), but no significant differences were observed between the antioxidant activity obtained with UAE (89.33%) and CE (89.74%). The characterization of the polyphenols present in both optimised extracts was carried out and compared with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The following compounds were identified: phloroglucinol, gallic acid, catechin, vanillic acid, epicatechin, protocatechuic acid, rutin, gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid and ferulic acid. RP-HPLC-DAD results also showed higher concentrations of polyphenols in optimised extracts with CE. Consequently, CE was found to be more effective than UAE in providing extracts with higher concentrations of polyphenols, but UAE constitutes an efficient and more eco-friendly methodology for obtaining a FVE with the highest antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Sánchez-Bonet
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Guillem de Castro, 65, 46008 Valencia, Spain
| | - Samanta García-Oms
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Guillem de Castro, 65, 46008 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariola Belda-Antolí
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Padrón-Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Lloris-Carsi
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía. Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Cejalvo-Lapeña
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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