A Systematic Review of Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Antiviral

A perspective current and past modes of inhalation therapy

Inhalation is the preferred route of delivery for anti-asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drugs. The use of this route has demonstrated efficacy in these and other conditions, it offers rapid onset of action, and is associated with minimal systemic exposure, thereby reducing the risk of adverse effects. Therefore, the current brief covers an interesting collection of inhaler action modes, shedding light on their molecular mechanisms and clinical applications for anti-asthma, COPD and antibacterial inhalation therapy. Hence, not only enriches our understanding of inhalation therapy molecular intricacies but also provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape in clinical and antibacterial inhalation therapy. In doing so, it underscores the pivotal role of microbiology and biotechnology in advancing therapeutic approaches that harness the power of inhalation.

Inhalation of vaccines and antiviral drugs to fight respiratory virus infections: reasons to prioritize the pulmonary route of administration

Many of the current pandemic threats are caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract. Remarkably though, the majority of vaccines and antiviral drugs are administered via alternative routes. In this perspective, we argue that the pulmonary route of administration deserves more attention in the search for novel therapeutic strategies against respiratory virus infections. Firstly, vaccines administered at the viral portal of entry can induce a broader immune response, employing the mucosal arm of the immune system; secondly, direct administration of antiviral drugs at the target site leads to superior bioavailability, enabling lower dosing and reducing the chance of side effects. We further elaborate on why the pulmonary route may induce a superior effect compared to the intranasal route of administration and provide reasons why dry powder formulations for inhalation have significant advantages over standard liquid formulations.