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Wang Y, Ai Q, Gu M, Guan H, Yang W, Zhang M, Mao J, Lin Z, Liu Q, Liu J. Comprehensive overview of different medicinal parts from Morus alba L.: chemical compositions and pharmacological activities. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364948. [PMID: 38694910 PMCID: PMC11061381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L., a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a centuries-old medicinal history, owned various medicinal parts like Mori folium, Mori ramulus, Mori cortex and Mori fructus. Different medical parts exhibit distinct modern pharmacological effects. Mori folium exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic action and lipid-regulation effects. Mori ramulus owned anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic and diuretic activities. Mori cortex showed counteraction action of pain, inflammatory, bacterial, and platelet aggregation. Mori fructus could decompose fat, lower blood lipids and prevent vascular sclerosis. The main chemical components in Morus alba L. covered flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and amino acids. This article comprehensively analyzed the recent literature related to chemical components and pharmacological actions of M. alba L., summarizing 198 of ingredients and described the modern activities of different extracts and the bioactive constituents in the four parts from M. alba L. These results fully demonstrated the medicinal value of M. alba L., provided valuable references for further comprehensive development, and layed the foundation for the utilization of M. alba L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qing Ai
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meiling Gu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jialin Mao
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhao Lin
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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Truzzi E, Marchetti L, Gibertini G, Benvenuti S, Cappellozza S, Giovannini D, Saviane A, Sirri S, Pinetti D, Assirelli A, Bertelli D. Phytochemical and functional characterization of cultivated varieties of Morus alba L. fruits grown in Italy. Food Chem 2024; 431:137113. [PMID: 37604000 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Morus alba L. fruits are considered functional foods with an important nutritional value for their high content of polyphenols. Therefore, the type and level of phytochemicals of the soroses from 13 M. alba cultivars grown in Italy were characterized due to the lack of data available about their nutraceutical properties. Mature M. alba fruits exhibited variable polyphenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, proanthocyanins, and 1-deoxynojirimycin contents which resulted in different antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Regression models built on UHPLC-HRMS results revealed a strong correlation between the expression of quercetin derivatives, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, caffeoyl methyl quinates, and 5,5'-dehydrodivanillic acid, and the biological activity of each fruit. On another note, principal component analysis revealed that the quantity of caffeoyl/dicaffeoyl methyl quinate, caffeoylquinic acids, and quercetin derivatives decreased during ripening. The results on the compositional and functional characterization of mature M. alba fruits might improve their consumption and economic value in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi, 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Lucia Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Giada Gibertini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Laboratorio di Gelsibachicoltura, Via Eulero, 6a, 35143 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - Daniela Giovannini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro per la Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via La Canapona 1 bis, 47121 Forlì (FC), Italy
| | - Alessio Saviane
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente, Laboratorio di Gelsibachicoltura, Via Eulero, 6a, 35143 Padova (PD), Italy
| | - Sandro Sirri
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro per la Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Via La Canapona 1 bis, 47121 Forlì (FC), Italy
| | - Diego Pinetti
- Centro Interdipartimentale Grandi Strumenti, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi, 213/A, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
| | - Alberto Assirelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA) - Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, Via ella Pascolare 16, 00016 Monterotondo (Rm), Italy
| | - Davide Bertelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena (MO), Italy
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Li W, Hao S, Li H, An Q, Yang L, Guo B, Xue Z, Liu Y, Guo L, Zheng Y, Zhang D. Exploring Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities in Mulberry Leaves ( Morus alba L.) across Growth Stages: A Comprehensive Metabolomic Analysis with Chemometrics. Molecules 2023; 29:171. [PMID: 38202754 PMCID: PMC10780005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic product accumulation exhibited variations among mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (MLs) at distinct growth stages, and this assessment was conducted using a combination of analytical techniques including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Multivariate analysis was applied to the data, and the findings were correlated with antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects in vitro. Statistical analyses divided the 27 batches of MLs at different growth stages into three distinct groups. In vitro assays for antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition revealed that IC50 values were highest at the Y23 stage, which corresponds to the 'Frost Descends' solar term. In summary, the results of this study indicate that MLs at different growth stages throughout the year can be categorized into three primary growth stages using traditional Chinese solar terms as reference points, based on the observed variations in metabolite content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Shenghui Hao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Hengyang Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Qi An
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (Q.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lina Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Bing Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Zijing Xue
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Yongli Liu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Hebei Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (Q.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Long Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Centre of Hebei Province, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; (W.L.); (S.H.); (H.L.); (L.Y.); (B.G.); (Z.X.); (L.G.)
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Gan L, Inamura Y, Shimizu Y, Yokoi Y, Ohnishi Y, Song Z, Kumaki Y, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Ito M, Ayabe T, Nakamura K, Aizawa T. A Basic Study of the Effects of Mulberry Leaf Administration to Healthy C57BL/6 Mice on Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:1003. [PMID: 37755283 PMCID: PMC10535692 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves contain α-glucosidase inhibitors, which have hypoglycemic effects and are considered functional foods. However, few reports have covered the effects of mulberry leaf components on normal gut microbiota and gut metabolites. Herein, gut microbiota analysis and NMR-based metabolomics were performed on the feces of mulberry leaf powder (MLP)-treated mice to determine the effects of long-term MLP consumption. Gut microbiota in the mouse were analyzed using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, and no significant differences were revealed in the diversity and community structure of the gut microbiota in the C57BL/6 mice with or without MLP supplementation. Thirty-nine metabolites were identified via 1H-NMR analysis, and carbohydrates and amino acids were significantly (p < 0.01-0.05) altered upon MLP treatment. In the MLP-treated group, there was a marked increase and decrease in maltose and glucose concentrations, respectively, possibly due to the degradation inhibitory activity of oligosaccharides. After 5 weeks, all amino acid concentrations decreased. Furthermore, despite clear fluctuations in fecal saccharide concentrations, short-chain fatty acid production via intestinal bacterial metabolism was not strongly affected. This study provides the knowledge that MLP administration can alter the gut metabolites without affecting the normal gut microbiota, which is useful for considering MLP as a healthy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gan
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuga Inamura
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yu Shimizu
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokoi
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Zihao Song
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kumaki
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Nago 905-2192, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Ayabe
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
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Huo J, Ni Y, Li D, Qiao J, Huang D, Sui X, Zhang Y. Comprehensive structural analysis of polyphenols and their enzymatic inhibition activities and antioxidant capacity of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.). Food Chem 2023; 427:136605. [PMID: 37390741 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the structures of polyphenols and their bioactivity of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) cv. 'Heisang No. 1' were comprehensively analyzed. The 11 anthocyanins and 20 non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-HR-TOF/MS2). The cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside were the major anthocyanins in the black mulberry. In addition, the black mulberry showed potent antioxidant capacity as assessed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Black mulberry anthocyanins exhibited stronger inhibition activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase compared to non-anthocyanin polyphenols, with IC50 values of 1.10, 4.36, and 9.18 mg/mL, respectively. The total anthocyanin content of black mulberry crude extracts and anthocyanins was 570.10 ± 77.09 and 1278.23 ± 117.60 mg C3GE/100 g DW, respectively. Black mulberry may be a rich source of polyphenols, natural antioxidants, and effective antidiabetic substances with great potential in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Huo
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yana Ni
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dalong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaonan Sui
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Development and Utilization of Small Fruits in Cold Regions, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Bai H, Jiang S, Liu J, Tian Y, Zheng X, Wang S, Xie Y, Li Y, Jia P. Planting conditions can enhance the bioactivity of mulberry by affecting its composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133062. [PMID: 36959930 PMCID: PMC10028076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) has a special significance in the history of agriculture and economic plant cultivation. Mulberry has strong environmental adaptability, a wide planting range, and abundant output. It is not only an important resource for silkworm breeding but also a raw ingredient for various foods and has great potential for the development of biological resources. The bioactivities of mulberry in different planting areas are not the same, which is an obstacle to the development of mulberry. This study collected information on the planting conditions of mulberry branches in 12 planting areas, such as altitude, temperature difference, and precipitation. A comparison of the levels of 12 constituents of mulberry branches from mulberry grown in different planting areas was then made. An in vitro model was used to study the bioactivities of mulberry branches in the 12 planting areas, and mathematical analysis was used to explain the possible reasons for the differences in the composition and bioactivities of mulberry branches in different planting areas. After studying mulberry samples from 12 planting areas in China, it was found that a small temperature difference could affect the antiapoptotic effect of mulberry branch on microvascular endothelial cells by changing the levels and proportions of rutin, hyperoside, and morusin. Adequate irrigation can promote the antioxidation of the mulberry branch on microvascular endothelial cells by changing the levels and proportions of scopoletin and quercitrin. The results of the analysis of planting conditions and the levels of active constituents and their correlation with bioactivities support the improvement of mulberry planting conditions and have great significance in the rational development of mulberry resources. This is the first time that a mathematical analysis method was used to analyze the effects of planting conditions on mulberry biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Bai
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shanfeng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jincai Liu
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Pu Jia
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
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Didar Z. Effect of mulberry molasses microcapsules as a sugar substitute in white chocolate formulation on physicochemical, thermal, textural, and functional properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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LC-MS Metabolite Profiling and the Hypoglycemic Activity of Morus alba L. Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175360. [PMID: 36080128 PMCID: PMC9457631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L. is used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-diabetic activity; however, the part of the hypoglycemic activity and related active metabolites are still not fully clarified. In this study, the metabolites in the M. alba roots, leaves, twigs, and fruits extracts (70% ethanol extracts) were systematically identified, and their hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by the high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) mouse model. A total of 60 high-level compounds, including 16 polyphenols, 43 flavonoids, and one quinic acid, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with the fragmentation pathways of standards and the self-established database. Among them, 23 metabolites were reported for the first time from this plant. In contrast to the extracts of M. alba leaves and fruits, the extracts of roots and twigs displayed significant hypoglycemic activity The glycemia was significantly reduced from 32.08 ± 1.27 to 20.88 ± 1.82 mmol/L and from 33.32 ± 1.98 to 24.74 ± 1.02 mmol/L, respectively, after 4 weeks of treatment with roots and twigs extracts. Compound 46 (morusin), which is a high-level component identified from the extracts of M. alba roots, also displayed significant activity in decreasing the blood glucose level of T2D mice reduced from 31.45 ± 1.23 to 23.45 ± 2.13 mmol/L. In addition, the extracts of roots and twigs displayed significant activity in reducing postprandial glycemia. This work marks the first comparison of the metabolites and hypoglycemic activity of M. alba roots, leaves, twigs, and fruits extracts, and provides a foundation for further development of M. alba extracts as anti-diabetic drugs.
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Hao J, Gao Y, Xue J, Yang Y, Yin J, Wu T, Zhang M. Phytochemicals, Pharmacological Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Mulberry. Foods 2022; 11:1170. [PMID: 35454757 PMCID: PMC9028580 DOI: 10.3390/foods11081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are numerous varieties of mulberry, and each has high medicinal value and is regarded as a promising source of traditional medicines and functional foods. Nevertheless, the nutrients and uses of mulberry differ from species (Morus alba L., Morus nigra L. and Morus rubra L.). Phenolic compounds are prominent among the biologically active ingredients in mulberry, especially flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Epidemiologic studies suggest that mulberry contains a rich, effective chemical composition and a wide range of biological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and so on. However, compared with other berries, there has been a lack of systematic research on mulberry, and this hinders its further expansion as a functional fruit. The main purpose of this review is to provide the latest data regarding the effective chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of mulberry to support its further therapeutic potential and health functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.H.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yufang Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Jiabao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.H.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yunyun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Jinjin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.H.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.H.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.H.); (J.X.); (J.Y.); (M.Z.)
- College of Food Science and Bioengineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
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Manzoor MF, Hussain A, Tazeddinova D, Abylgazinova A, Xu B. Assessing the Nutritional-Value-Based Therapeutic Potentials and Non-Destructive Approaches for Mulberry Fruit Assessment: An Overview. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:6531483. [PMID: 35371246 PMCID: PMC8970939 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6531483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Among different fruits, mulberry is the most highlighted natural gift in its superior nutritional and bioactive composition, indispensable for continuing a healthy life. It also acts as a hepatoprotective immunostimulator and improves vision, anti-microbial, anti-cancer agent, anti-stress activity, atherosclerosis, neuroprotective functions, and anti-obesity action. The mulberry fruits also help reduce neurological disorders and mental illness. The main reason for that is the therapeutic potentials present in the nutritional components of the mulberry fruit. The available methods for assessing mulberry fruits are mainly chromatographic based, which are destructive and possess many limitations. However, recently some non-invasive techniques, including chlorophyll fluorescence, image processing, and hyperspectral imaging, were employed to detect various mulberry fruit attributes. The present review attempts to collect and explore available information regarding the nutritional and medicinal importance of mulberry fruit. Besides, non-destructive methods established for the fruit are also elaborated. This work helps encourage many more research works to dug out more hidden information about the essential nutrition of mulberry that can be helpful to resolve many mental-illness-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Diana Tazeddinova
- Department of Technology and Catering Organization, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Higher School of Technologies of Food and Processing Productions, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizhan Abylgazinova
- Higher School of Technologies of Food and Processing Productions, Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
- Scientific-Production Center of Livestock and Veterinary Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Secondary or Specialized Metabolites, or Natural Products: A Case Study of Untargeted LC–QTOF Auto-MS/MS Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061025. [PMID: 35326473 PMCID: PMC8963255 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The large structural diversity of specialized metabolites represents a substantial challenge in untargeted metabolomics. Modern LC–QTOF instruments can provide three- to four-digit numbers of auto-MS/MS spectra from sample sets. This case study utilizes twelve structurally closely related flavonol glycosides, characteristic specialized metabolites of plant tissues, some of them isomeric and isobaric, to illustrate the possibilities and limitations of their identification. This process requires specific software tools that perform peak picking and feature alignment after spectral deconvolution and facilitate molecular structure base searching with subsequent in silico fragmentation to obtain initial ideas about possible structures. The final assignment of a putative identification, so long as spectral databases are not complete enough, requires structure searches in a chemical reference database, such as SciFindern, in attempts to obtain additional information about specific product ions of a metabolite candidate or check its feasibility. The highlighted problems in this process not only apply to specialized metabolites in plants but to those occurring in other organisms as well. This case study is aimed at providing guidelines for all researchers who obtain data from such analyses but are interested in deeper information than just Venn diagrams of the feature distribution in their sample groups.
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12
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Memete AR, Timar AV, Vuscan AN, Miere (Groza) F, Venter AC, Vicas SI. Phytochemical Composition of Different Botanical Parts of Morus Species, Health Benefits and Application in Food Industry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020152. [PMID: 35050040 PMCID: PMC8777750 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mulberry has acquired a special importance due to its phytochemical composition and its beneficial effects on human health, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects. Botanical parts of Morus sp. (fruits, leaves, twigs, roots) are considered a rich source of secondary metabolites. The aim of our study was to highlight the phytochemical profile of each of the botanical parts of Morus tree, their health benefits and applications in food industry with an updated review of literature. Black and white mulberries are characterized in terms of predominant phenolic compounds in correlation with their medical applications. In addition to anthocyanins (mainly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), black mulberry fruits also contain flavonols and phenolic acids. The leaves are a rich source of flavonols, including quercetin and kaempferol in the glycosylated forms and chlorogenic acid as predominant phenolic acids. Mulberry bark roots and twigs are a source of prenylated flavonoids, predominantly morusin. In this context, the exploitation of mulberry in food industry is reviewed in this paper, in terms of developing novel, functional food with multiple health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ramona Memete
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Science, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Adrian Vasile Timar
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.N.V.)
| | - Adrian Nicolae Vuscan
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.N.V.)
| | - Florina Miere (Groza)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Alina Cristiana Venter
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.N.V.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Bhattacharjya D, Sadat A, Dam P, Buccini DF, Mondal R, Biswas T, Biswas K, Sarkar H, Bhuimali A, Kati A, Mandal AK. Current concepts and prospects of mulberry fruits for nutraceutical and medicinal benefits. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Liu JJ, Liu ZP, Zhang XF, Si JP. Effects of Various Processing Methods on the Metabolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Dendrobium catenatum Lindley Leaves. Metabolites 2021; 11:351. [PMID: 34070913 PMCID: PMC8229598 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolite profiles and antioxidant activity of Dendrobium catenatum Lindley leaf, a new functional ingredient for food product development, were evaluated in samples that had been prepared using various methods, including freeze-drying, hot-air drying, rolling before drying, steaming before drying, steaming and rolling before drying, and drying at 100, 80, and 60 °C. The concentrations of polysaccharides and flavonoids, as well as the antioxidant capacity of each sample, were determined. Furthermore, two nucleosides, four amino acids, one monoaromatic compound, and eight flavonoids were identified in dried leaves using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn) and ultraviolet (UV) spectral analyses. The content of polar compounds such as cytidylic acid, arginine, tyrosine, and hydroxybenzoic acid hexose increased dramatically during hot-air-drying and rolling-before-drying treatments, while flavonol C-glycosides remained stable throughout the various treatments and drying temperatures. Rolling before drying at 100 °C was identified as the most suitable process when manufacturing tea products from D. catenatum leaves. This process resulted in a high-antioxidant-activity and visually appealing tea. This report details a potential strategy that should be applied in the manufacturing processes of high-quality products from D. catenatum leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin-Ping Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (J.-J.L.); (Z.-P.L.); (X.-F.Z.)
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15
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Chen C, Mohamad Razali UH, Saikim FH, Mahyudin A, Mohd Noor NQI. Morus alba L. Plant: Bioactive Compounds and Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030689. [PMID: 33807100 PMCID: PMC8004891 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Morus alba L. (M. alba) is a highly adaptable plant that is extensively incorporated in many traditional and Ayurveda medications. Various parts of the plant, such as leaves, fruits, and seeds, possess nutritional and medicinal value. M. alba has abundant phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanins, macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and volatile aromatic compounds, indicating its excellent pharmacological abilities. M. alba also contains high nutraceutical values for protein, carbohydrates, fiber, organic acids, vitamins, and minerals, as well as a low lipid value. However, despite its excellent biological properties and nutritional value, M. alba has not been fully considered as a potential functional food ingredient. Therefore, this review reports on the nutrients and bioactive compounds available in M. alba leaves, fruit, and seeds; its nutraceutical properties, functional properties as an ingredient in foodstuffs, and a microencapsulation technique to enhance polyphenol stability. Finally, as scaling up to a bigger production plant is needed to accommodate industrial demand, the study and limitation on an M. alba upscaling process is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Centhyea Chen
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (C.C.); (U.H.M.R.)
| | - Umi Hartina Mohamad Razali
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (C.C.); (U.H.M.R.)
| | - Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim
- Institute of Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (F.H.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Azniza Mahyudin
- Institute of Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (F.H.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd Noor
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (C.C.); (U.H.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-19-7920816
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16
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Nipun TS, Khatib A, Ibrahim Z, Ahmed QU, Redzwan IE, Saiman MZ, Supandi F, Primaharinastiti R, El-Seedi HR. Characterization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Psychotria malayana Jack Leaves Extract Using LC-MS-Based Multivariate Data Analysis and In-Silico Molecular Docking. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245885. [PMID: 33322801 PMCID: PMC7763559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotria malayana Jack has traditionally been used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential, the scientific proof in relation to this plant is still lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibitors in P.malayana leaf extracts using a metabolomics approach and to elucidate the ligand–protein interactions through in silico techniques. The plant leaves were extracted with methanol and water at five various ratios (100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% v/v; water–methanol). Each extract was tested for α-glucosidase inhibition, followed by analysis using liquid chromatography tandem to mass spectrometry. The data were further subjected to multivariate data analysis by means of an orthogonal partial least square in order to correlate the chemical profile and the bioactivity. The loading plots revealed that the m/z signals correspond to the activity of α-glucosidase inhibitors, which led to the identification of three putative bioactive compounds, namely 5′-hydroxymethyl-1′-(1, 2, 3, 9-tetrahydro-pyrrolo (2, 1-b) quinazolin-1-yl)-heptan-1′-one (1), α-terpinyl-β-glucoside (2), and machaeridiol-A (3). Molecular docking of the identified inhibitors was performed using Auto Dock Vina software against the crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomaltase (Protein Data Bank code: 3A4A). Four hydrogen bonds were detected in the docked complex, involving several residues, namely ASP352, ARG213, ARG442, GLU277, GLN279, HIE280, and GLU411. Compound 1, 2, and 3 showed binding affinity values of −8.3, −7.6, and −10.0 kcal/mol, respectively, which indicate the good binding ability of the compounds towards the enzyme when compared to that of quercetin, a known α-glucosidase inhibitor. The three identified compounds that showed potential binding affinity towards the enzymatic protein in molecular docking interactions could be the bioactive compounds associated with the traditional use of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzina Sharmin Nipun
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Z.I.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Z.I.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - Zalikha Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Z.I.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.)
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Z.I.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.)
| | - Irna Elina Redzwan
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Z.I.); (Q.U.A.); (I.E.R.)
| | - Mohd Zuwairi Saiman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - Farahaniza Supandi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | | | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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17
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Alorku K, Manoj M, Yuan A. A plant-mediated synthesis of nanostructured hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40923-40939. [PMID: 35519223 PMCID: PMC9057773 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The engineering of calcium-based phosphate materials at the nanoscale gains several unique properties compared to the bulky state. The effort to scale down, e.g., from bulky state to nanoscale in order to control the morphology and improve structural properties requires the use of varying reagents that can be detrimental to the environment. A typical example of these materials is hydroxyapatite (HAp), one of the well-known calcium phosphate materials, which has a close resemblance to human bone tissue. HAp has valuable applications in catalysis, drug delivery, bone and dental implant formation, and adsorption. Hydroxyapatite-based nanomaterials synthesized through conventional routes make use of reagents that are not environmental friendly and are very costly. Since the current research trends are geared towards producing/synthesizing nanomaterials through an eco-friendly approach, there is the need to consider the techniques and reagents involved in the synthesis of HAp. This review touches on the possible replacement of such synthetic chemical reagents, synthesis routes, and toxic capping agents with plant extracts for synthesizing HAp-based nanomaterials for multi-functional applications. The influence of biomolecules from plants on synthesized HAps and the attainable mechanism during these green approaches are discussed. Viable future modifications of the methods used to obtain extracts from plants are also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingdom Alorku
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu Province PR China +86-511-85639001
| | - M Manoj
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu Province PR China +86-511-85639001
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu Province PR China +86-511-85639001
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18
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Oliveira H, Fernandes A, F. Brás N, Mateus N, de Freitas V, Fernandes I. Anthocyanins as Antidiabetic Agents-In Vitro and In Silico Approaches of Preventive and Therapeutic Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:E3813. [PMID: 32825758 PMCID: PMC7504281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many efforts have been made in the past two decades into the search for novel natural and less-toxic anti-diabetic agents. Some clinical trials have assigned this ability to anthocyanins, although different factors like the food source, the amount ingested, the matrix effect and the time of consumption (before or after a meal) seem to result in contradictory conclusions. The possible mechanisms involved in these preventive or therapeutic effects will be discussed-giving emphasis to the latest in vitro and in silico approaches. Therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic alterations related to hyperglycemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may include: (a) Inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes; (b) reduction of glucose transporters expression or activity; (c) inhibition of glycogenolysis and (d) modulation of gut microbiota by anthocyanin breakdown products. These strategies may be achieved through administration of individual anthocyanins or by functional foods containing complexes of anthocyanin:carbohydrate:protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (H.O.); (A.F.); (N.F.B.); (N.M.); (V.d.F.)
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19
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The role of anthocyanins as antidiabetic agents: from molecular mechanisms to in vivo and human studies. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 77:109-131. [PMID: 32504385 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose concentration. Nowadays, type 2 diabetes or insulin resistant diabetes is the most common diabetes, mainly due to unhealthy lifestyle. Healthy habits like appropriate nutritional approaches or the consumption of certain natural products or food supplements have been suggested as non-pharmacological strategies for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Some of the main bioactive compounds from plant foods are polyphenols, important mainly for their antioxidant capacity in oxidative stress conditions and ageing. Anthocyanins are polyphenols of the flavonoid group, which act as pigments in plants, especially in fruits such as berries. A search of in vitro, in vivo and human studies in relation with antidiabetic properties of anthocyanins has been performed in different electronic databases. Results of this review demonstrate that these compounds have the ability to inhibit different enzymes as well as to influence gene expression and metabolic pathways of glucose, such as AMPK, being able to modulate diabetes and other associated disorders, as hyperlipidaemia, overweight, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, human interventional studies have shown that high doses of anthocyanins have potential in the prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes; nevertheless, anthocyanins used in these studies should be standardized and quantified in order to make general conclusions about its use and to claim benefits for the human population.
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20
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Special Issue on "Fruit Metabolism and Metabolomics". Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060230. [PMID: 32503284 PMCID: PMC7344593 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, knowledge about several aspects of fruit metabolism has been greatly improved. Notably, high-throughput metabolomic technologies have allowed quantifying metabolite levels across various biological processes, and identifying the genes that underly fruit development and ripening. This Special Issue is designed to exemplify the current use of metabolomics studies of temperate and tropical fruit for basic research as well as practical applications. It includes articles about different aspects of fruit biochemical phenotyping, fruit metabolism before and after harvest, including primary and specialized metabolisms, and bioactive compounds involved in growth and environmental responses. The effect of genotype, stages of development or fruit tissue on metabolomic profiles and corresponding metabolism regulations are addressed, as well as the combination of other omics with metabolomics for fruit metabolism studies.
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