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Salamat S, Jahan-Mihan A, Gharibvand L, Reza Tabandeh M, Mansoori A. Multi-species synbiotic supplementation increased fecal short chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in adult men with dyslipidemia; A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Cytokine 2024; 179:156608. [PMID: 38631185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence revealed that an imbalance of Gut Microbiota (GM) leads to metabolic disorders. Synbiotics through regulation of GM composition can be an effective intervention in the management of metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of multi-species synbiotic supplementation on serum interleukin10 (IL-10) and fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in patients with dyslipidemia. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, fifty-six adult men with dyslipidemia were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups and received either synbiotic or placebo powder twice a day for 12 weeks. Each synbiotic sachet contained 6 species of probiotic microorganisms with a total dose of 3 × 1010 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and 5 gr inulin and Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) as prebiotics. Blood and stool samples were collected at the baseline and end of the study. Dietary intake, physical activity, anthropometric measurements, serum IL-10, and fecal SCFAs were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULT There were no significant differences between the baseline characteristics of patients in the two groups. Serum IL-10 was increased in the synbiotic group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, synbiotic supplementation increased fecal concentration of acetate (p < 0.0001), butyrate (p = 0.043), propionate (p < 0.0001), and valerate (p < 0.026). A significant positive correlation was observed between the changes in fecal butyrate level and serum IL-10 concentration in the control group (r = 0.48, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A Twelve-week synbiotic supplementation increased fecal SCFAs and improved inflammation in adult men with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekoufeh Salamat
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Jahan-Mihan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Lida Gharibvand
- Loma Linda University School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran; Stem Cells and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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2
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Ghajavand B, Avesani C, Stenvinkel P, Bruchfeld A. Unlocking the Potential of Brewers' Spent Grain: A Sustainable Model to Use Beer for Better Outcome in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Ren Nutr 2024:S1051-2276(24)00057-8. [PMID: 38621435 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases calls for innovative and sustainable medical solutions. Brewers' spent grain (BSG), a byproduct of beer production, presents a unique opportunity in this regard. This review explores the multifaceted health benefits of BSG, with a focus on managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). BSG is identified as a potent prebiotic with potential as a therapeutic agent in CKD. We emphasize the role of gut dysbiosis in CKD and discuss how BSG could help mitigate metabolic derangements resulting from dysbiosis and CKD. Fermentation of BSG further enhances its positive impact on gut health. Incorporating fermented BSG as a key component in preventive health care could promote a more sustainable and healthier future. By optimizing the use of this typically discarded byproduct, we can align proactive health-care strategies with responsible resource management, benefiting both people and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Ghajavand
- Department of Renal Medicine, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Carla Avesani
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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3
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Carter MM, Spencer SP. Resisting weight gain with prebiotic fibre. Nat Metab 2024; 6:389-391. [PMID: 38409603 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Carter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean P Spencer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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4
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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5
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Fortunato IM, Pereira QC, Oliveira FDS, Alvarez MC, dos Santos TW, Ribeiro ML. Metabolic Insights into Caffeine's Anti-Adipogenic Effects: An Exploration through Intestinal Microbiota Modulation in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1803. [PMID: 38339081 PMCID: PMC10855966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic condition marked by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, not only affects individual well-being but also significantly inflates healthcare costs. The physiological excess of fat manifests as triglyceride (TG) deposition within adipose tissue, with white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion via adipocyte hyperplasia being a key adipogenesis mechanism. As efforts intensify to address this global health crisis, understanding the complex interplay of contributing factors becomes critical for effective public health interventions and improved patient outcomes. In this context, gut microbiota-derived metabolites play an important role in orchestrating obesity modulation. Microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), secondary bile acids (BA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and trimethylamine (TMA) are the main intestinal metabolites in dyslipidemic states. Emerging evidence highlights the microbiota's substantial role in influencing host metabolism and subsequent health outcomes, presenting new avenues for therapeutic strategies, including polyphenol-based manipulations of these microbial populations. Among various agents, caffeine emerges as a potent modulator of metabolic pathways, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and obesity-mitigating properties. Notably, caffeine's anti-adipogenic potential, attributed to the downregulation of key adipogenesis regulators, has been established. Recent findings further indicate that caffeine's influence on obesity may be mediated through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolic byproducts. Therefore, the present review summarizes the anti-adipogenic effect of caffeine in modulating obesity through the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (I.M.F.); (Q.C.P.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
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Liu L, Chen Y, Chen B, Xu M, Liu S, Su Y, Qiao K, Liu Z. Advances in Research on Marine-Derived Lipid-Lowering Active Substances and Their Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:5118. [PMID: 38140377 PMCID: PMC10745522 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal lipid metabolism. Recently, the prevalence of HLP caused by poor dietary habits in the population has been increasing year by year. In addition, lipid-lowering drugs currently in clinical use have shown significant improvement in blood lipid levels, but are accompanied by certain side effects. However, bioactive marine substances have been shown to possess a variety of physiological activities such as hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antithrombotic and effects on blood pressure. Therefore, the hypolipidemic efficacy of marine bioactive substances with complex and diverse structures has also attracted attention. This paper focuses on the therapeutic role of marine-derived polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive peptides in HLP, and briefly discusses the main mechanisms by which these substances exert their hypolipidemic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian and Taiwan Characteristic Marine Food Processing and Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.L.); (Y.C.)
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian and Taiwan Characteristic Marine Food Processing and Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Min Xu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shuji Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongchang Su
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kun Qiao
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China; (B.C.); (M.X.); (S.L.); (Y.S.)
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Aminu S, Ascandari A, Laamarti M, Safdi NEH, El Allali A, Daoud R. Exploring microbial worlds: a review of whole genome sequencing and its application in characterizing the microbial communities. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-25. [PMID: 38006569 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2282447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The classical microbiology techniques have inherent limitations in unraveling the complexity of microbial communities, necessitating the pivotal role of sequencing in studying the diversity of microbial communities. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) enables researchers to uncover the metabolic capabilities of the microbial community, providing valuable insights into the microbiome. Herein, we present an overview of the rapid advancements achieved thus far in the use of WGS in microbiome research. There was an upsurge in publications, particularly in 2021 and 2022 with the United States, China, and India leading the metagenomics research landscape. The Illumina platform has emerged as the widely adopted sequencing technology, whereas a significant focus of metagenomics has been on understanding the relationship between the gut microbiome and human health where distinct bacterial species have been linked to various diseases. Additionally, studies have explored the impact of human activities on microbial communities, including the potential spread of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes in different ecosystems. Furthermore, WGS is used in investigating the microbiome of various animal species and plant tissues such as the rhizosphere microbiome. Overall, this review reflects the importance of WGS in metagenomics studies and underscores its remarkable power in illuminating the variety and intricacy of the microbiome in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Aminu
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - AbdulAziz Ascandari
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Meriem Laamarti
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Nour El Houda Safdi
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Achraf El Allali
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Computing, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Daoud
- Chemical and Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Clottes P, Benech N, Dumot C, Jarraud S, Vidal H, Mechtouff L. Gut microbiota and stroke: New avenues to improve prevention and outcome. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3595-3604. [PMID: 36897813 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite major recent therapeutic advances, stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death. Consequently, new therapeutic targets need to be found to improve stroke outcome. The deleterious role of gut microbiota alteration (often mentioned as "dysbiosis") on cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and its risk factors, has been increasingly recognized. Gut microbiota metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, short chain fatty acids and tryptophan, play a key role. Evidence of a link between alteration of the gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors exists, with a possible causality link supported by several preclinical studies. Gut microbiota alteration also seems to be implicated at the acute phase of stroke, with observational studies showing more non-neurological complications, higher infarct size and worse clinical outcome in stroke patients with altered microbiota. Microbiota targeted strategies have been developed, including prebiotics/probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, short chain fatty acid and trimethylamine-N-oxide inhibitors. Research teams have been using different time windows and end-points for their studies, with various results. Considering the available evidence, it is believed that studies focusing on microbiota-targeted strategies in association with conventional stroke care should be conducted. Such strategies should be considered according to three therapeutic time windows: first, at the pre-stroke (primary prevention) or post-stroke (secondary prevention) phases, to enhance the control of cardiovascular risk factors; secondly, at the acute phase of stroke, to limit the infarct size and the systemic complications and enhance the overall clinical outcome; thirdly, at the subacute phase of stroke, to prevent stroke recurrence and promote neurological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Clottes
- Stroke Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CarMeN Laboratoire, INSERM, INRAER, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Nicolas Benech
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity Department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
- French Fecal Transplant Group, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Dumot
- CarMeN Laboratoire, INSERM, INRAER, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Jarraud
- GenEPII Sequencing Platform, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence Des Légionelles, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut Des Agents Infectieux, Lyon, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- CarMeN Laboratoire, INSERM, INRAER, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- Stroke Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CarMeN Laboratoire, INSERM, INRAER, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
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Asseri AH, Bakhsh T, Abuzahrah SS, Ali S, Rather IA. The gut dysbiosis-cancer axis: illuminating novel insights and implications for clinical practice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208044. [PMID: 37361202 PMCID: PMC10288883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota, also known as the gut microbiota, comprises more than 100 trillion organisms, mainly bacteria. This number exceeds the host body cells by a factor of ten. The gastrointestinal tract, which houses 60%-80% of the host's immune cells, is one of the largest immune organs. It maintains systemic immune homeostasis in the face of constant bacterial challenges. The gut microbiota has evolved with the host, and its symbiotic state with the host's gut epithelium is a testament to this co-evolution. However, certain microbial subpopulations may expand during pathological interventions, disrupting the delicate species-level microbial equilibrium and triggering inflammation and tumorigenesis. This review highlights the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on the development and progression of certain types of cancers and discusses the potential for developing new therapeutic strategies against cancer by manipulating the gut microbiota. By interacting with the host microbiota, we may be able to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer therapies and open new avenues for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer H. Asseri
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Bakhsh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Wang R, Shi X, Li K, Bunker A, Li C. Activity and potential mechanisms of action of persimmon tannins according to their structures: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125120. [PMID: 37263329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
One distinguishing feature of the persimmon, that differentiates it from other fruits, is its high proanthocyanidins content, known as persimmon tannin (PT). Despite the poor absorption of PT in the small intestine, results from animal studies demonstrate that PT has many health benefits. Our goal in this review is to summarize the literature that elucidates the relationship between PT structure and activity. In addition, we also summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the health benefits that result from PT consumption; this includes the hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiradiation, antibacterial and antiviral, detoxification effects on snake venom, and the absorption of heavy metals and dyes. Studies show that PT is a structurally distinct proanthocyanidins that exhibits a high degree of polymerization. It is galloylation-rich and possesses unique A-type interflavan linkages in addition to the more common B-type interflavan bonds. Thus, PT is converted into oligomeric proanthocyanidins by depolymerization strategies, including the nucleophilic substitution reaction, acid hydrolysis, and hydrogenolysis. In addition, multiple health benefits exerted by PT mainly involve the inactivation of lipogenic and intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways, activation of the fatty acid oxidation signaling pathway, regulation of gut microbiota, and highly absorptive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Alex Bunker
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Capparelli R, Cuomo P, Gentile A, Iannelli D. Microbiota-Liver Diseases Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043883. [PMID: 36835291 PMCID: PMC9959879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota regulates essential processes of host metabolism and physiology: synthesis of vitamins, digestion of foods non-digestible by the host (such as fibers), and-most important-protects the digestive tract from pathogens. In this study, we focus on the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which is extensively used to correct multiple diseases, including liver diseases. Then, we discuss the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting more than 25% of the global population; colorectal cancer (CRC) is second in mortality. We give space to rarely discussed topics, such as pathobionts and multiple mutations. Pathobionts help to understand the origin and complexity of the microbiota. Since several types of cancers have as target the gut, it is vital extending the research of multiple mutations to the type of cancers affecting the gut-liver axis.
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12
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Sheng M, Xu S, Chen WW, Li FQ, Zhong YM, Ouyang YX, Liao YL, Lai P. A bibliometric analysis of studies on the gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease from 2004 to 2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1083995. [PMID: 36683688 PMCID: PMC9852829 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota (GM) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many studies on the GM in CVD have been published in the last decade. However, bibliometric analysis in this field is still lacking. Methods On 30 September 2022, a search of the Web of Science™ (WoS; Clarivate™, Philadelphia, PA, USA) yielded 1,500 articles and reviews on the GM and CVD. Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze publication trends and research hotspots in this field. Results Our search generated 1,708 publications on the GM in CVD published between 2004 and 2022, and 1,500 articles and review papers were included in the final analysis. The number of publications relating to the GM in CVD increased from 1 in 2004 to 350 in 2021. China (485 publications, 9,728 non-self-citations, and an H-index of 47) and the USA (418 publications, 24,918 non-self-citations, and an H-index of 82) contributed 32.31%, and 27.85%, respectively, of the total number of publications. Examination of the number of publications (Np) and number of citations, excluding self-citations (Nc), of individual authors showed that Y. L. Tian (Np: 18, Nc: 262, and H-index: 12), from China, is the most productive author, followed by R. Knight (Np: 16, Nc: 3,036, and H-index: 15) and M. Nieuwdorp (Np: 16, Nc: 503, and H-index: 9). The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College accounted for the largest number of publications (Np: 62, Nc: 3,727, and H-index: 13, average citation number (ACN): 60.11). The journal Nutrients had the most publications (Np: 73, Nc: 2,036, and ACN: 27.89). The emerging keywords in this field were "monooxygenase 3" (strength 3.24, 2020-2022), "short-chain fatty acid" (strength 4.63, 2021-2022), "fatty liver disease" (strength 3.18, 2021-2022), "metabolic disease" (strength 3.04, 2021-2022), "Mediterranean diet" (strength 2.95, 2021-2022), "prevention" (strength 2.77, 2021-2022), and "intestinal barrier" (strength 2.8, 2021-2022). Conclusion Publications on the GM in CVD rapidly increased in the last decade. The USA was the most influential country in publications in this field, followed by China. The journal with the most publications was Nutrients. Monooxygenase-3, short-chain fatty acids, fatty liver disease, metabolic disease, the Mediterranean diet, intestinal barrier, and prevention are the current hotspots or potential hotspots for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sheng
- Department of Library, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuquan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fa-Quan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ouyang
- Department of Library, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong-Ling Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ping Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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13
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Livzan MA, Mozgovoi SI, Gaus OV, Bordin DS, Kononov AV. Diagnostic Principles for Chronic Gastritis Associated with Duodenogastric Reflux. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:186. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This article systematizes available data from the literature on biliary gastritis (BG) in order to increase the awareness of specialists about the latest possibilities for diagnosing the disease. BG occurs as a result of pathological duodenogastric reflux. In patients with a preserved duodenogastric junction, the dominant factor is represented by motor disorders of the upper digestive tract (primary biliary gastritis), while in patients recovering from surgical interventions it is represented by structural changes (secondary biliary gastritis). Progressive BG can lead to atrophy of the gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, epithelial dysplasia, and eventually to gastric cancer. Diagnostic methods for BG are carried out to identify risk factors, exclude alarm symptoms and identify persistent motor disorders and pathological reflux (24 h pH-impedancemetry, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, 24 h monitoring of bilirubin content in the reflux using a Bilitec 2000 photometer), as well as to diagnose gastritis itself (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, morphological gastrobiopsy examination). The diagnosis of BG should be based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines a thorough analysis of a patient’s complaints, an anamnesis of the disease, and the results of endoscopic and histological research methods.
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14
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Diagnostic Principles for Chronic Gastritis Associated with Duodenogastric Reflux. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020186. [PMID: 36672996 PMCID: PMC9858268 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article systematizes available data from the literature on biliary gastritis (BG) in order to increase the awareness of specialists about the latest possibilities for diagnosing the disease. BG occurs as a result of pathological duodenogastric reflux. In patients with a preserved duodenogastric junction, the dominant factor is represented by motor disorders of the upper digestive tract (primary biliary gastritis), while in patients recovering from surgical interventions it is represented by structural changes (secondary biliary gastritis). Progressive BG can lead to atrophy of the gastric mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, epithelial dysplasia, and eventually to gastric cancer. Diagnostic methods for BG are carried out to identify risk factors, exclude alarm symptoms and identify persistent motor disorders and pathological reflux (24 h pH-impedancemetry, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, 24 h monitoring of bilirubin content in the reflux using a Bilitec 2000 photometer), as well as to diagnose gastritis itself (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, morphological gastrobiopsy examination). The diagnosis of BG should be based on a multidisciplinary approach that combines a thorough analysis of a patient's complaints, an anamnesis of the disease, and the results of endoscopic and histological research methods.
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15
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Treatment of Dyslipidemia through Targeted Therapy of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010228. [PMID: 36615885 PMCID: PMC9823358 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a multifaceted condition with various genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Further, this condition represents an important risk factor for its related sequalae including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Emerging evidence has shown that gut microbiota and their metabolites can worsen or protect against the development of dyslipidemia. Although there are currently numerous treatment modalities available including lifestyle modification and pharmacologic interventions, there has been promising research on dyslipidemia that involves the benefits of modulating gut microbiota in treating alterations in lipid metabolism. In this review, we examine the relationship between gut microbiota and dyslipidemia, the impact of gut microbiota metabolites on the development of dyslipidemia, and the current research on dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and microbiota transplant as therapeutic modalities in prevention of cardiovascular disease. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which gut microbiota and their metabolites affect dyslipidemia progression will help develop more precise therapeutic targets to optimize lipid metabolism.
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16
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Liu W, Yang G, Liu P, Jiang X, Xin Y. Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by microbial-derived metabolites. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1031498. [PMID: 36569060 PMCID: PMC9783635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, have posed a significant burden on health and healthcare systems over the years due to their high prevalence and incidence. Gut microbial derivatives are necessary for the regulation of energy metabolism and host immunity, as well as for maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal environment. Gut flora metabolites may be a link between gut microbes and diseases, such as obesity, and help understand why alterations in the microbiota can influence the pathophysiology of human disease. This is supported by emerging evidence that microbial-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, tryptophan, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and lipopolysaccharides, can be beneficial or detrimental to the host by affecting organs outside the gut, including adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the largest lipid storage organ in the body and an essential endocrine organ that plays an indispensable role in the regulation of lipid storage, metabolism, and energy balance. Adipose tissue metabolism includes adipocyte metabolism (lipogenesis and lipolysis), thermogenesis, and adipose tissue metabolic maladaptation. Adipose tissue dysfunction causes the development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. Here, we review the current understanding of how these microbial metabolites are produced and discuss both established mechanisms and the most recent effects of microbial products on host adipose tissue metabolism. We aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets or strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Xin Jiang,
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Ying Xin,
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17
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Lu D, Xu S, Dai P, Wu L, Zhang H, Zhou B. Gut microbiota in hypertensive patients with versus without obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:1598-1605. [PMID: 36411588 PMCID: PMC9731600 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the alteration of gut microbiota and the associated metabolic risks in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) comorbidity. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 52 hypertensive patients, who were divided into three groups: A (controls, apnea-hypopnea index[AHI] < 5, n = 15), B (mild OSA, 5 < AHI < 20, n = 17), and C (moderate-to-severe OSA, AHI > 20, n = 20). The composition of the gut microbiota was studied through 16s RNA sequencing of variable regions 3-4. Analysis of the results revealed that group C had a significant higher concentration of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and IL-1β compared with group A. The Shannon index showed that bacterial biodiversity was lower in OSA patients. At the phylum level, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) was significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B. At the genus level, the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides and Prevotella) was lower while the number of inflammation-related bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus) was increased in patients with OSA. We found that the IL-1β level was negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was .672 for F/B ratio in determining hypertensive patients with OSA. In patients with hypertension, OSA was associated with worse gut dysbiosis, as evidenced by decreased levels of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria and increased number of inflammation-related bacteria. The differences in gut microbiota discriminate hypertensive patients with OSA from those without and may result in an enhanced inflammatory response and increase the risk of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Lu
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina,Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhui ProvinceChina,Vascular Diseases Research Center of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Shaodong Xu
- Department of CardiologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Sleep medicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhui ProvinceChina
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhui ProvinceChina
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhui ProvinceChina,Vascular Diseases Research Center of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Birong Zhou
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina
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18
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Muradi A, Jasirwan COM, Simanjuntak CD, Pratama D, Suhartono R, Darwis P, Kekalih A. The Correlation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids with Peripheral Arterial Disease in Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101464. [PMID: 36294898 PMCID: PMC9605079 DOI: 10.3390/life12101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD affects 20% of DM patients over 40 and has increased by 29% in the last 50 years. The gut microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that affect atherosclerosis. SCFA inhibits inflammation, which contributes to atherosclerosis. This study tried to link feces SCFA levels to atherosclerosis in people with diabetes with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The study included 53 people with diabetes and PAD: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry measured acetate, butyrate, and propionate levels in feces samples (GC-MS). There was a positive correlation between random blood glucose (RBG) levels, peak systolic velocity (PSV), volume flow (VF), plaque, relative and absolute acetate, relative valerate, butyrate, and propionate. This supports the idea that elevated SCFA levels in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients reduce adipose tissue inflammation and cholesterol metabolism, contributing to atherosclerosis pathogenesis. We conclude that increased fecal SCFA excretion is linked to cardiovascular disease. To determine the causal effect correlation of the SCFA with clinical and laboratory parameters for PAD in DM patients, compare the SCFA in plasma and feces, and account for confounding variables, a specific method with larger sample sizes and more extended follow-up periods is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhmadu Muradi
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, Medical Staff Group of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Chyntia Olivia Maurine Jasirwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Charley D. Simanjuntak
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, Medical Staff Group of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dedy Pratama
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, Medical Staff Group of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Raden Suhartono
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, Medical Staff Group of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Patrianef Darwis
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, Medical Staff Group of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Aria Kekalih
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine & Digital Health, Medical Instrumentation & Simulators Research Group, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
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19
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Fu Q, Huang H, Ding A, Yu Z, Huang Y, Fu G, Huang Y, Huang X. Portulaca oleracea polysaccharides reduce serum lipid levels in aging rats by modulating intestinal microbiota and metabolites. Front Nutr 2022; 9:965653. [PMID: 35983485 PMCID: PMC9378863 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.965653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases characterized by dyslipidemia are common health problems for elderly populations. Dietary fiber intake is inversely associated with the risk of dyslipidemia. This study investigated the effects of Portulaca oleracea polysaccharide (POP) on the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in aging rats using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques. Our results showed that POPs reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), relative abundance of Fusobacteria, and levels of triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) in the serum of aging rats. POP supplementation also reduced 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha,25-tetrol, and vaccenic acid concentrations in lipids and lipoid-like molecules, while soyasapogenol E and monoacylglycerol (MG) (24:0/0:0/0:0) levels increased. This study demonstrated that POP’s beneficial effects on lipid levels in aging rats might be partially attributable to the modification of gut microbiota and related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China.,Institute of Spinal Diseases, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Aiwen Ding
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Ziqi Yu
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Yuping Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guiping Fu
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Yushan Huang
- Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliu Huang
- College of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China.,Institute of Spinal Diseases, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
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20
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Liver Steatosis: A Marker of Metabolic Risk in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094822. [PMID: 35563210 PMCID: PMC9100068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the greatest health challenges affecting children of all ages and ethnicities. Almost 19% of children and adolescents worldwide are overweight or obese, with an upward trend in the last decades. These reports imply an increased risk of fat accumulation in hepatic cells leading to a series of histological hepatic damages gathered under the acronym NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease). Due to the complex dynamics underlying this condition, it has been recently renamed as 'Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)', supporting the hypothesis that hepatic steatosis is a key component of the large group of clinical and laboratory abnormalities of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This review aims to share the latest scientific knowledge on MAFLD in children in an attempt to offer novel insights into the complex dynamics underlying this condition, focusing on the novel molecular aspects. Although there is still no treatment with a proven efficacy for this condition, starting from the molecular basis of the disease, MAFLD's therapeutic landscape is rapidly expanding, and different medications seem to act as modifiers of liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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21
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He Q, Liu L, Wei J, Jiang J, Rong Z, Chen X, Zhao J, Jiang K. Roles and action mechanisms of bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia: a review. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:158. [PMID: 35379788 PMCID: PMC8979943 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous lesion that increases the risk of subsequent gastric cancer (GC) development. Therefore, the mechanism of IM has been the focus of basic and clinical research. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been recognized as the main pathogenesis of gastric IM. However, more and more studies have shown that chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa caused by bile reflux is the key pathogenic factor of gastric IM. Bile reflux activates the expression of IM biomarkers via the bile acid receptor. In addition, microRNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics are also involved in the occurrence and development of bile acid-induced gastric IM. Currently, the relevant research is still very few. The molecular mechanism of the phenotypic transformation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells induced by bile acids has not been fully understood. This article mainly reviews the physiology and pathology of bile acid, mechanism of gastric IM induced by bile acid, bile acid receptors, and so on, in order to provide reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jingge Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jiaying Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zheng Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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22
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Moeckli B, Delaune V, Prados J, Tihy M, Peloso A, Oldani G, Delmi T, Slits F, Gex Q, Rubbia-Brandt L, Goossens N, Lacotte S, Toso C. Impact of Maternal Obesity on Liver Disease in the Offspring: A Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis and Confirmation of Results in a Murine Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020294. [PMID: 35203502 PMCID: PMC8869223 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic particularly affects women of reproductive age. Offspring of obese mothers suffer from an increased risk of liver disease but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. We performed an integrative genomic analysis of datasets that investigated the impact of maternal obesity on the hepatic gene expression profile of the offspring in mice. Furthermore, we developed a murine model of maternal obesity and studied the development of liver disease and the gene expression profile of the top dysregulated genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our data are available for interactive exploration on our companion webpage. We identified five publicly available datasets relevant to our research question. Pathways involved in metabolism, the innate immune system, the clotting cascade, and the cell cycle were consistently dysregulated in the offspring of obese mothers. Concerning genes involved in the development of liver disease, Egfr, Vegfb, Wnt2,Pparg and six other genes were dysregulated in multiple independent datasets. In our own model, we observed a higher tendency towards the development of non-alcoholic liver disease (60 vs. 20%) and higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (41.0 vs. 12.5 IU/l, p = 0.008) in female offspring of obese mothers. Male offspring presented higher levels of liver fibrosis (2.4 vs. 0.6% relative surface area, p = 0.045). In a qPCR gene expression analysis of our own samples, we found Fgf21, Pparg, Ppard, and Casp6 to be dysregulated by maternal obesity. Maternal obesity represents a looming threat to the liver health of future generations. Our comprehensive transcriptomic analysis will help to better understand the mechanisms of the development of liver disease in the offspring of obese mothers and can give rise to further explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Moeckli
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (V.D.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (T.D.); (F.S.); (Q.G.); (C.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vaihere Delaune
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (V.D.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (T.D.); (F.S.); (Q.G.); (C.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Prados
- Bioinformatics Support Platform, Services Communs de la Faculté, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Matthieu Tihy
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.T.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (V.D.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (T.D.); (F.S.); (Q.G.); (C.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Graziano Oldani
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (V.D.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (T.D.); (F.S.); (Q.G.); (C.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Delmi
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (V.D.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (T.D.); (F.S.); (Q.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Florence Slits
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (V.D.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (T.D.); (F.S.); (Q.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Quentin Gex
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (V.D.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (T.D.); (F.S.); (Q.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.T.); (L.R.-B.)
| | - Nicolas Goossens
- Division of Gastroenterology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Stéphanie Lacotte
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (V.D.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (T.D.); (F.S.); (Q.G.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Toso
- Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Visceral Surgery, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (B.M.); (V.D.); (A.P.); (G.O.); (T.D.); (F.S.); (Q.G.); (C.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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