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Wei R, Lu Y, Mo Z, Sun Q, Yue P, Xie Z, Ye J, Deng X. CsERF003 enhanced peel coloration by promoting both chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid accumulation in citrus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112131. [PMID: 38801863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Uneven coloration is a common phenomenon in citrus fruit during the ripening stage, as affects the appearance and economic value of the fruit. The elevated expression of CsERF003 during the degreening process of both lemon and satsuma mandarin peels was reported. In this research, a similar performance of CsERF003 in the pericarp coloration process was also identified by transcriptome analysis of 'Fengjie 72-1' navel orange and Lane Late navel orange. However, the regulatory mechanism of CsERF003 is not clear yet. Overexpression of CsERF003 could deepen the color of citrus callus and promote peel degreening of Newhall navel orange, which was attributed to the upregulation of genes involved in chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid synthesis. Furthermore, CsERF003 acted as an activator to promote the expression of CsLCYE, but couldn't activate the expression of CsLCYB1 and CsLCYB2; CsERF003 could also bind to the promoter of CsSGR to activate its expression. Together, our findings shed light on the regulatory mechanism of CsERF003 in chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid accumulation, particularly in the α-branch of carotenoid metabolism. These insights offer valuable perspectives for the genetic enhancement of peel coloration in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhijing Mo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Quan Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengtao Yue
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zongzhou Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, The College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Younis AA, Mansour MMF. Hydrogen sulfide-mitigated salinity stress impact in sunflower seedlings was associated with improved photosynthesis performance and osmoregulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:422. [PMID: 38760671 PMCID: PMC11102186 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity is one major abiotic stress affecting photosynthesis, plant growth, and development, resulting in low-input crops. Although photosynthesis underlies the substantial productivity and biomass storage of crop yield, the response of the sunflower photosynthetic machinery to salinity imposition and how H2S mitigates the salinity-induced photosynthetic injury remains largely unclear. Seed priming with 0.5 mM NaHS, as a donor of H2S, was adopted to analyze this issue under NaCl stress. Primed and nonprime seeds were established in nonsaline soil irrigated with tape water for 14 d, and then the seedlings were exposed to 150 mM NaCl for 7 d under controlled growth conditions. RESULTS Salinity stress significantly harmed plant growth, photosynthetic parameters, the structural integrity of chloroplasts, and mesophyll cells. H2S priming improved the growth parameters, relative water content, stomatal density and aperture, photosynthetic pigments, photochemical efficiency of PSII, photosynthetic performance, soluble sugar as well as soluble protein contents while reducing proline and ABA under salinity. H2S also boosted the transcriptional level of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene (HaRBCS). Further, the transmission electron microscope showed that under H2S priming and salinity stress, mesophyll cells maintained their cell membrane integrity and integrated chloroplasts with well-developed thylakoid membranes. CONCLUSION The results underscore the importance of H2S priming in maintaining photochemical efficiency, Rubisco activity, and preserving the chloroplast structure which participates in salinity stress adaptation, and possibly sunflower productivity under salinity imposition. This underpins retaining and minimizing the injury to the photosynthetic machinery to be a crucial trait in response of sunflower to salinity stress.
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Zhao X, Feng Y, Ke D, Teng Y, Yuan Z. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles reveal fruit peel color variation in two red pomegranate cultivars. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:51. [PMID: 38691187 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) which belongs to family Lythraceae, is one of the most important fruit crops of many tropical and subtropical regions. A high variability in fruit color is observed among different pomegranate accessions, which arises from the qualitative and quantitative differences in anthocyanins. However, the mechanism of fruit color variation is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the red color mutation between a red-skinned pomegranate 'Hongbaoshi' and a purple-red-skinned cultivar 'Moshiliu', by using transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. A total of 51 anthocyanins were identified from fruit peels, among which 3-glucoside and 3,5-diglucoside of cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp), and pelargonidin (Pg) were dominant. High proportion of Pg in early stages of 'Hongbaoshi' but high Dp in late stages of 'Moshiliu' were characterized. The unique high levels of Cy and Dp anthocyanins accumulating from early developmental stages accounted for the purple-red phenotype of 'Moshiliu'. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an early down-regulated and late up-regulated of anthocyanin-related structure genes in 'Moshiliu' compared with 'Hongbaoshi'. Alao, ANR was specially expressed in 'Hongbaoshi', with extremely low expression levels in 'Moshiliu'. For transcription factors R2R3-MYB, the profiles demonstrated a much higher transcription levels of three subgroup (SG) 5 MYBs and a sharp decrease in expression of SG6 MYB LOC116202527 in high-anthocyanin 'Moshiliu'. SG4 MYBs exhibited two entirely different patterns, LOC116203744 and LOC116212505 were down-regulated whereas LOC116205515 and LOC116212778 were up-regulated in 'Moshiliu' pomegranate. The results indicate that specific SG members of the MYB family might promote the peel coloration in different manners and play important roles in color mutation in pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yingyi Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ding Ke
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yingfen Teng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhaohe Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Guo D, Jiang H, Xie L. An R2R3-MYB Transcriptional Factor LuMYB314 Associated with the Loss of Petal Pigmentation in Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:511. [PMID: 38674445 PMCID: PMC11050253 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The loss of anthocyanin pigments is one of the most common evolutionary transitions in petal color, yet the genetic basis for these changes in flax remains largely unknown. In this study, we used crossing studies, a bulk segregant analysis, genome-wide association studies, a phylogenetic analysis, and transgenic testing to identify genes responsible for the transition from blue to white petals in flax. This study found no correspondence between the petal color and seed color, refuting the conclusion that a locus controlling the seed coat color is associated with the petal color, as reported in previous studies. The locus controlling the petal color was mapped using a BSA-seq analysis based on the F2 population. However, no significantly associated genomic regions were detected. Our genome-wide association study identified a highly significant QTL (BP4.1) on chromosome 4 associated with flax petal color in the natural population. The combination of a local Manhattan plot and an LD heat map identified LuMYB314, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, as a potential gene responsible for the natural variations in petal color in flax. The overexpression of LuMYB314 in both Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum resulted in anthocyanin deposition, indicating that LuMYB314 is a credible candidate gene for controlling the petal color in flax. Additionally, our study highlights the limitations of the BSA-seq method in low-linkage genomic regions, while also demonstrating the powerful detection capabilities of GWAS based on high-density genomic variation mapping. This study enhances our genetic insight into petal color variations and has potential breeding value for engineering LuMYB314 to develop colored petals, bast fibers, and seeds for multifunctional use in flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China;
| | - Haixia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830017, China;
| | - Liqiong Xie
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China;
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Zheng X, Huang L, Fan B, Peng C, Iqbal A, Zhang Y, Chen H, Ye J, Yang Y. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses of the effects of bagging treatment on carotenoid biosynthesis and regulation of Areca catechu L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1364945. [PMID: 38628364 PMCID: PMC11018958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1364945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Fresh Aareca nut fruit for fresh fruit chewing commonly found in green or dark green hues. Despite its economic significance, there is currently insufficient research on the study of color and luster of areca. And the areca nut fruits after bagging showed obvious color change from green to tender yellow. In the study, we tried to explain this interesting variation in exocarp color. Methods Fruits were bagged (with a double-layered black interior and yellow exterior) 45 days after pollination and subsequently harvested 120 days after pollination. In this study, we examined the the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of pericarp exocarp, integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to study the effects of bagging on the carotenoid pathway at the molecular level. Results It was found that the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of bagged areca nut (YP) exocarp was significantly reduced. A total of 21 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 1784 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by transcriptomics and metabolomics. Three key genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway as candidate genes for qPCR validation by co-analysis, which suggested their role in the regulation of pathways related to crtB, crtZ and CYP707A. Discussion We described that light intensity may appear as a main factor influencing the noted shift from green to yellow and the ensuing reduction in carotenoid content after bagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Liyun Huang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Benyi Fan
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Chunlin Peng
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Hongman Chen
- Planting Research Section, Hainan Agriculture School, Haikou, China
| | - Jianqiu Ye
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Yaodong Yang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
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Yu C, Liu G, Qin J, Wan X, Guo A, Wei H, Chen Y, Lian B, Zhong F, Zhang J. Genomic and transcriptomic studies on flavonoid biosynthesis in Lagerstroemia indica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:171. [PMID: 38443839 PMCID: PMC10913235 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lagerstroemia indica is a widely cultivated ornamental woody shrub/tree of the family Lythraceae that is used as a traditional medicinal plant in East Asia and Egypt. However, unlike other ornamental woody plants, its genome is not well-investigated, which hindered the discovery of the key genes that regulate important traits and the synthesis of bioactive compounds. RESULTS In this study, the genomic sequences of L. indica were determined using several next-generation sequencing technologies. Altogether, 324.01 Mb sequences were assembled and 98.21% (318.21 Mb) of them were placed in 24 pseudo-chromosomes. The heterozygosity, repeated sequences, and GC residues occupied 1.65%, 29.17%, and 38.64% of the genome, respectively. In addition, 28,811 protein-coding gene models, 327 miRNAs, 552 tRNAs, 214 rRNAs, and 607 snRNAs were identified. The intra- and interspecies synteny and Ks analysis revealed that L. indica exhibits a hexaploidy. The co-expression profiles of the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid (PA) and flavonoid/anthocyanin (ABGs) pathways with the R2R3 MYB genes (137 members) showed that ten R2R3 MYB genes positively regulate flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthesis. The colors of flowers with white, purple (PB), and deep purplish pink (DPB) petals were found to be determined by the levels of delphinidin-based (Dp) derivatives. However, the substrate specificities of LiDFR and LiOMT probably resulted in the different compositions of flavonoid/anthocyanin. In L. indica, two LiTTG1s (LiTTG1-1 and LiTTG1-2) were found to be the homologs of AtTTG1 (WD40). LiTTG1-1 was found to repress anthocyanin biosynthesis using the tobacco transient transfection assay. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the ancestor L. indica experienced genome triplication approximately 38.5 million years ago and that LiTTG1-1 represses anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, several genes such as LiDFR, LiOMTs, and R2R3 LiMYBs are related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms and alleles responsible for flower color development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Jin Qin
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Xi Wan
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Anfang Guo
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Hui Wei
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
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Mathiazhagan M, Elangovan D, Chinnaiyan V, Shivashankara KS, Sudhakar Rao DV, Ravishankar KV. A high-density linkage map construction in guava ( Psidium guajava L.) using genotyping by sequencing and identification of QTLs for leaf, peel, and pulp color in an intervarietal mapping population. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1335715. [PMID: 38476683 PMCID: PMC10927721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1335715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Psidium guajava L. is an important fruit crop in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The advanced breeding methods are not employed for important commercial traits like peel and pulp color, seed hardiness, fruit size, etc., due to the scarcity of genome-wide molecular markers and high-density linkage maps. In this study, we employed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions that are associated with color traits of leaf, peel, and pulp in the guava intervarietal mapping population. The mapping population was developed from the contrasting genotypes of fruit and leaf color. Variations in color among the segregating hybrids were recorded both visually and using a Color reader. A high-density linkage map of guava was constructed using the SNP markers from genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of 150 hybrid individuals of the cross 'Arka Poorna' (green) x 'Purple Local' (purple). The integrated linkage map consisted of 1426 SNPs mapped on 11 linkage groups (LG), spanning a total distance of around 730 cM with an average of 129.6 markers per LG. Through QTL analysis for color traits, a minor QTL region was identified for visually scored leaf color and peel color on LG1, whereas a major QTL was detected for pulp color in LG4. The Hunter color values (L* and, a*) also had major QTLs with overlapping marker intervals for leaf and peel colors, establishing the association of SNP markers to the trait. The QTLs harbored genes and transcription factors involved in lycopene and anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis. This is the first report of a high-density linkage map based on SNP markers in guava and QTL mapping for color characters in leaf, fruit peel and pulp. The genotyping information generated in this study can aid in genetic engineering and marker-assisted breeding in guava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malarvizhi Mathiazhagan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
- Centre for Post-graduate Studies, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dayanandhi Elangovan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vasugi Chinnaiyan
- Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Darisi Venkata Sudhakar Rao
- Division of Post Harvest Technology and Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
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Minich DM, Ross K, Frame J, Fahoum M, Warner W, Meissner HO. Not All Maca Is Created Equal: A Review of Colors, Nutrition, Phytochemicals, and Clinical Uses. Nutrients 2024; 16:530. [PMID: 38398854 PMCID: PMC10892513 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maca (Lepidium meyenii, Lepidium peruvianum) is part of the Brassicaceae family and grows at high altitudes in the Peruvian Andes mountain range (3500-5000 m). Historically, it has been used as a nutrient-dense food and for its medicinal properties, primarily in enhancing energy and fertility. Scientific research has validated these traditional uses and other clinical applications by elucidating maca's mechanisms of action, nutrition, and phytochemical content. However, research over the last twenty years has identified up to seventeen different colors (phenotypes) of maca. The color, hypocotyl size, growing location, cultivation, and post-harvest processing methods can have a significant effect on the nutrition content, phytochemical profile, and clinical application. Yet, research differentiating the colors of maca and clinical applications remains limited. In this review, research on the nutrition, phytochemicals, and various colors of maca, including black, red, yellow (predominant colors), purple, gray (lesser-known colors), and any combination of colors, including proprietary formulations, will be discussed based on available preclinical and clinical trials. The gaps, deficiencies, and conflicts in the studies will be detailed, along with quality, safety, and efficacy criteria, highlighting the need for future research to specify all these factors of the maca used in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Minich
- Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Adjunct Faculty, University of Western States, Portland, OR 97213, USA
- Food & Spirit, LLC, Port Orchard, WA 98366, USA
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA; (K.R.); (M.F.); (W.W.)
- Symphony Natural Health Institute, West Valley City, UT 84119, USA
| | - Kim Ross
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA; (K.R.); (M.F.); (W.W.)
- Symphony Natural Health Institute, West Valley City, UT 84119, USA
- Kim Ross Consulting, LLC, Lakewood Ranch, FL 34211, USA
- College of Nutrition, Sonoran University of Health Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - James Frame
- Symphony Natural Health Holdings Inc., Craigmuir Chambers, Road Town, Tortola VG1110, (BVI), UK;
- Natural Health International Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Mona Fahoum
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA; (K.R.); (M.F.); (W.W.)
- Meridian Medicine, Seattle, WA 98133, USA
- Bastyr Center for Natural Health, Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Wendy Warner
- Symphony Natural Health, Inc., West Valley City, UT 84119, USA; (K.R.); (M.F.); (W.W.)
- Wendy Warner, MD, PC, Yardley, PA 19067, USA
| | - Henry O. Meissner
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Building J, 158-160 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
- Therapeutic Research, TTD International Pty Ltd., 39 Leopard Ave., Elanora-Gold Coast, QLD 4221, Australia
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Chachar Z, Lai R, Ahmed N, Lingling M, Chachar S, Paker NP, Qi Y. Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1310634. [PMID: 38328707 PMCID: PMC10847539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant-based pigments that are primarily present in berries, grapes, purple yam, purple corn and black rice. The research on fruit corn with a high anthocyanin content is not sufficiently extensive. Considering its crucial role in nutrition and health it is vital to conduct further studies on how anthocyanin accumulates in fruit corn and to explore its potential for edible and medicinal purposes. Anthocyanin biosynthesis plays an important role in maize stems (corn). Several beneficial compounds, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their malonylated derivatives have been identified. C1, C2, Pl1, Pl2, Sh2, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 harbored functional alleles that played a role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in maize. The Sh2 gene in maize regulates sugar-to-starch conversion, thereby influencing kernel quality and nutritional content. ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 are key regulatory genes in maize that control light responses and photomorphogenesis. This review concludes the molecular identification of all the genes encoding structural enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway in maize by describing the cloning and characterization of these genes. Our study presents important new understandings of the molecular processes behind the manufacture of anthocyanins in maize, which will contribute to the development of genetically modified variants of the crop with increased color and possible health advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuiQiang Lai
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ma Lingling
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - YongWen Qi
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Feng Y, Yan X, Guo F, Wang S, Liu Z, Long W. Identification, expression analysis of quinoa betalain biosynthesis genes and their role in seed germination and cold stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2250891. [PMID: 37616475 PMCID: PMC10453985 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2250891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Betalains provide Chenopodium quinoa bright color, and the key enzyme genes for betalain biosynthesis include CYP76AD, DODA, and GTs. In this study, 59 CqCYP76AD, CqDODA and CqGTs genes in quinoa were identified and characterized by gene structural characteristics, phylogenetic relationships and gene expression patterns. The CqCYP76AD genes were divided into ɑ, β and γ types, CqDODA into ɑ and β types, and CqGTs into CqcDOPA5GT, CqB5GT and CqB6GT types according to phylogenetic relationships. The analysis of co-linearity identified eight pairs of duplicated genes which were subjected to purifying selection during evolution. CqCYP76AD and CqDODA, as well as CqcDOPA5GT and CqB5GT may have been evolutionarily linked in genetic inheritance, based on gene location and gene structure study. The tissue expression specificity of CqCYP76AD, CqDODA, and CqGTs genes in response to seed germination and cold stress was studied by RNA-Seq data. The genes CqCYP76AD, CqDODA, and CqGTs were involved in betalain biosynthesis and cold stress. CqCYP76AD, CqDODA, CqcDOPA5GT and CqB5GT gene sequences were consistent in the eight quinoa samples and showed significant variations in expression. In contrast, the inconsistency between changes in gene expression and betalain accumulation indicates that other factors may influence betalain biosynthesis in quinoa. This study offers the theoretical basis for the roles of the CqCYP76AD, CqDODA, and CqGTs genes in betalain biosynthesis and cold stress in quinoa, as well as a guide for the full utilization of betalains in quinoa plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingzhu Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fenggen Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhong Long
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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11
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Parrish SB, Paudel D, Deng Z. Transcriptome analysis of Lantana camara flower petals reveals candidate anthocyanin biosynthesis genes mediating red flower color development. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 14:jkad259. [PMID: 37974306 PMCID: PMC10755171 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Flower color plays a crucial role in the appeal and selection of ornamental plants, directly influencing breeding strategies and the broader horticulture industry. Lantana camara, a widely favored flowering shrub, presents a rich palette of flower colors. Yet, the intricate molecular mechanisms governing this color variation in the species have remained largely unidentified. With the aim of filling this gap, this study embarked on a comprehensive de novo transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analysis across 3 distinct lantana accessions, each showcasing a unique flower color. By harnessing the capabilities of both PacBio and Illumina sequencing platforms, a robust transcriptome assembly, encompassing 123,492 gene clusters and boasting 94.2% BUSCO completeness, was developed. The differential expression analysis unveiled 72,862 unique gene clusters that exhibited varied expression across different flower stages. A pronounced upregulation of 8 candidate core anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in the red-flowered accession was uncovered. This was further complemented by an upregulation of candidate MYB75 (PAP1) and bHLH42 (TT8) transcription factors. A candidate carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD4a) gene cluster also manifested a marked upregulation in white flowers. The study unveils the molecular groundwork of lantana's flower color variation, offering insights for future research and potential applications in breeding ornamental plants with desired color traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Brooks Parrish
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Dev Paudel
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Zhanao Deng
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 14625 County Road 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
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12
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Zhou Y, Zou X, Yan F, He J, Zeng S, Yu Y, Tang X, Liang X, Cai X, Yu R, Fan Y. Phenotypic Variation in Flower Color and Morphology in the Gerbera ( Gerbera hybrida) F 1 Hybrid Population and Their Association with EST-SSR Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:203. [PMID: 38203375 PMCID: PMC10779396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) is a widely cultivated ornamental plant. However, its genetic improvement is limited by the lack of genetic analysis and molecular markers for traits. In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic and genotypic variation of 140 F1 progeny from two gerbera varieties with different flower types and colors. We evaluated the flower's morphology, color, and pigment content of the F1 population and performed cluster principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis. The results showed that the main ornamental traits of the hybrid progeny varied greatly. The segregation ratios of single and double flowers and ligulate and split ray florets were both 1:1. The flower colors of the F1 progeny were mainly red and purple-red, similar to the male parent's color. Furthermore, we conducted a genetic analysis of the hybrid progeny using EST-SSR markers and performed association analysis with phenotypic traits. We identified 2, 2, 3, 1, and 2 loci to be associated with peduncle length (PL), ray floret length (RFL), and outer ray floret; the level of apex relative to the top of involucre (LAI); outer corolla lips (OCL); and the b* of ray floret color, respectively. Our results reveal the genetic patterns of important ornamental traits and provide a theoretical basis and practical tools for gerbera genetic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhou
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinru Zou
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - Fulong Yan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - Jingjuan He
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - Sixian Zeng
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yunyi Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Tang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - Xuanguo Liang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - Xiuping Cai
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
| | - Rangcai Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (J.H.); (R.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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13
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Zeng H, Chen M, Zheng T, Tang Q, Xu H. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Accumulation Patterns of Flavonoids and Volatile Compounds in Camellia oleifera Petals with Different Color. Molecules 2023; 28:7248. [PMID: 37959668 PMCID: PMC10650325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To systematically and comprehensively investigate the metabolic characteristics of coloring substances and floral aroma substances in Camellia oleifera petals with different colors, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) metabolomics methods were applied to determine the metabolic profiles of white, candy-pink and dark-red petals. The results revealed that 270 volatile organic compounds were detected, mainly terpenoids, heterocyclic, esters, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and alcohols, in which phenylethyl alcohol, lilac alcohol, and butanoic acid, 1-methylhexyl ester, hotrienol, alpha-terpineol and 7-Octen-4-ol, 2-methyl-6-methylene-, (S)-, butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester, 2,4-Octadienal, (E,E)- could act as the floral scent compounds. A total of 372 flavonoid compounds were identified, and luteolin, kaempferol, cyanidin and peonidin derivatives were considered as the main coloring substances for candy-pink and dark-red petal coloration. In conclusion, this study intuitively and quantitatively exhibited the variations in flower color and floral scent of C. oleifera petal with different colors caused by changes in variations of flavonoids and volatile organic compound composition, and provided useful data for improving the sensory quality and breeding of C. oleifera petals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Zheng
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.T.); (H.X.)
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14
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Cui Y, Du Q, Tang W, Yang W, Kou G, Tang W, Chen H, Gong R. Potential regulatory genes of light induced anthocyanin accumulation in sweet cherry identified by combining transcriptome and metabolome analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1238624. [PMID: 37662172 PMCID: PMC10469515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1238624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins exist widely in various plant tissues and organs, and they play an important role in plant reproduction, disease resistance, stress resistance, and protection of human vision. Most fruit anthocyanins can be induced to accumulate by light. Here, we shaded the "Hong Deng" sweet cherry and performed an integrated analysis of its transcriptome and metabolome to explore the role of light in anthocyanin accumulation. The total anthocyanin content of the fruit and two of its anthocyanin components were significantly reduced after the shading. Transcriptome and metabolomics analysis revealed that PAL, 4CL, HCT, ANS and other structural genes of the anthocyanin pathway and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, and other metabolites were significantly affected by shading. Weighted total gene network analysis and correlation analysis showed that the upstream and middle structural genes 4CL2, 4CL3, and HCT2 of anthocyanin biosynthesis may be the key genes affecting the anthocyanin content variations in fruits after light shading. Their expression levels may be regulated by transcription factors such as LBD, ERF4, NAC2, NAC3, FKF1, LHY, RVE1, and RVE2. This study revealed for the first time the possible role of LBD, FKF1, and other transcription factors in the light-induced anthocyanin accumulation of sweet cherry, thereby laying a preliminary foundation for further research on the role of light in anthocyanin accumulation of deep red fruit varieties and the genetic breeding of sweet cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronggao Gong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Chen K, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Hu B, Liu X, James AA, Tan A. Engineering a complex, multiple enzyme-mediated synthesis of natural plant pigments in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306322120. [PMID: 37549256 PMCID: PMC10433459 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306322120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants produce various pigments that not only appear as attractive colors but also provide valuable resources in applications in daily life and scientific research. Biosynthesis pathways for these natural plant pigments are well studied, and most have multiple enzymes that vary among plant species. However, adapting these pathways to animals remains a challenge. Here, we describe successful biosynthesis of betalains, water-soluble pigments found only in a single plant order, Caryophyllales, in transgenic silkworms by coexpressing three betalain synthesis genes, cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP76AD1, DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase, and betanidin 5-O-glucosyltransferase. Betalains can be synthesized in various tissues under the control of the ubiquitous IE1 promoter but accumulate mainly in the hemolymph with yields as high as 274 μg/ml. Additionally, transformed larvae and pupae show a strong red color easily distinguishable from wild-type animals. In experiments in which expression is controlled by the promoter of silk gland-specific gene, fibroin heavy-chain, betalains are found predominantly in the silk glands and can be secreted into cocoons through spinning. Betalains in transformed cocoons are easily recovered from cocoon shells in water with average yields reaching 14.4 μg/mg. These data provide evidence that insects can synthesize natural plant pigments through a complex, multiple enzyme-mediated synthesis pathway. Such pigments also can serve as dominant visible markers in insect transgenesis applications. This study provides an approach to producing valuable plant-derived compounds by using genetically engineered silkworms as a bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang212100, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang212100, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang212100, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang212100, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang212100, China
| | - Anthony A. James
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697-3900
| | - Anjiang Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang212100, China
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16
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Du H, Chen B, Wang G, Wang Q, Geng S, Zhang X. Fine mapping of the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase gene controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in pepper anthers and stems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232755. [PMID: 37575941 PMCID: PMC10416102 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L) is one of the most important vegetables grown worldwide. Nevertheless, the key structural and regulatory genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in pepper have not been well understood or fine mapped yet. In this study, F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 pepper populations were analyzed and these populations were derived from a cross between line 14-Z4, which has yellow anthers and green stems, and line 14-Z5, which has purple anthers and stems. The results showed that the yellow anthers and green stems were determined by a single recessive locus called to as ayw. While, using preliminary and fine mapping techniques, ayw locus was located between markers aywSNP120 and aywSNP124, with physical distance of 0.2 Mb. The CA11g18550 gene was identified as promising candidate for the ayw locus, as it co-segregated with the yellow anthers and green stems phenotypes. CA11g18550 encodes a homolog of the F3'5'H (flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase) anthocyanin synthesis structure gene. The missense mutation of CA11g18550 possibly resulted in a loss-of-function. The expression analysis showed that CA11g18550 was significantly expressed in the stems, leaves, anthers and petals in 14-Z5, and it's silencing caused the stems changing from purple to green. This study provides a theoretical basis for using yellow anthers and green stems in pepper breeding and helps to advance the understanding of anthocyanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heshan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sansheng Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Zeng H, Zheng T, Li Y, Chen Q, Xue Y, Tang Q, Xu H, Chen M. Characterization Variation of the Differential Coloring Substances in Rapeseed Petals with Different Colors Using UPLC-HESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:5670. [PMID: 37570640 PMCID: PMC10419860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed's (Brassica napus L.) colorful petals have important ornamental values. However, the mechanisms of regulating petals coloration in rapeseed are still unknown. In our study, we investigated the key differential coloring substances in nine rapeseed cultivars with different petal colors, and 543 metabolites were detected and characterized through UPLC-HESI-MS/MS. Among them, the kinds and contents of flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanidins were the main contributors to petals' coloration. Tamarixetin-, quercetin-, butin-, naringenin- and luteolin-derivates were the main pigment bases in white and yellow petals. Peonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, peonidin-3-O-(6″-O-caffeoyl)glucoside, and quercetin-derivatives were the main coloring substances in pink petals. Acylated cyanidin derivatives might lead to a series of different purple petal colors. Glycosylated anthocyanins were responsible for the coloration of rapeseed red petals, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-derivatives were mainly detected from the red petals. These results provide comprehensive insights into the difference in flavonoid metabolites in rapeseed petals with different colors and supply theoretical supports for the breeding of novel colorful rapeseed cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zeng
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Tao Zheng
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Ying Li
- Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Hao Xu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (H.X.)
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18
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Li F, Gong Y, Mason AS, Liu Q, Huang J, Ma M, Xiao M, Wang H, Fu D. Research progress and applications of colorful Brassica crops. PLANTA 2023; 258:45. [PMID: 37462779 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We review the application and the molecular regulation of anthocyanins in colorful Brassica crops, the creation of new germplasm resources, and the development and utilization of colorful Brassica crops. Brassica crops are widely cultivated: these include oilseed crops, such as rapeseed, mustards, and root, leaf, and stem vegetable types, such as turnips, cabbages, broccoli, and cauliflowers. Colorful variants exist of these crop species, and asides from increased aesthetic appeal, these may also offer advantages in terms of nutritional content and improved stress resistances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pigmentation in Brassica as a reference for the selection and breeding of new colorful Brassica varieties for multiple end uses. We summarize the function and molecular regulation of anthocyanins in Brassica crops, the creation of new colorful germplasm resources via different breeding methods, and the development and multifunctional utilization of colorful Brassica crop types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yingying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Meili Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Donghui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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19
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Liu Y, Tang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Xu S, Wang X, He W, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Li M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Chen Q, Tang H. The blue light signal transduction module FaCRY1-FaCOP1-FaHY5 regulates anthocyanin accumulation in cultivated strawberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144273. [PMID: 37360713 PMCID: PMC10289005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have important physiological functions and are beneficial to the improvement of fruit quality in strawberry. Light is important for anthocyanin biosynthesis, and specific light quality was identified to promote anthocyanin accumulation in many fruits. However, research on the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation regulated by light quality in strawberry remains limited. Here we described the effects of red- and blue-light irradiation on anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry. The results showed that blue light, rather than red light, could lead to the rapid accumulation of anthocyanins after exposure to light for 48 hours. The transcriptional levels of anthocyanin structural and regulatory genes displayed similar trend to the anthocyanin content. To investigate the mechanism of blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation, the homologs of Arabidopsis blue light signal transduction components, including the blue light photoreceptor FaCRY1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase FaCOP1 and light-responsive factor FaHY5, were cloned from the strawberry cultivar 'Benihoppe'. The protein-protein interaction of FaCRY1-FaCOP1-FaHY5 was revealed by yeast two-hybrid and fluorescence signal assays. Functional complementation analysis showed that overexpression of either FaCOP1 or FaHY5 restored the anthocyanin content and hypocotyl length in corresponding Arabidopsis mutants under blue light. Moreover, dual-luciferase assays showed that FaHY5 could increase the activity of FaRAP (anthocyanin transport gene) promoter and that this function relied on other, likely B-box protein FaBBX22, factors. The overexpression of FaHY5-VP16 (chimeric activator form of FaHY5) and FaBBX22 promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins in transgenic strawberry plants. Further, transcriptomic profiling indicated that the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were enriched in both FaHY5-VP16-OX and FaBBX22-OX strawberry plants. In summary, our findings provide insights into a mechanism involving the regulation of blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation via a FaCRY1-FaCOP1-FaHY5 signal transduction module in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianxi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen He
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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20
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ling L, Huo W, Li Y, Xu L, Xiang L, Yang Y, Xiong X, Zhang D, Yu X, Li Y. Phenotypic, Physiological, and Molecular Response of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum under Different Light Quality Treatments Based on Leaf Color Changes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112169. [PMID: 37299148 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light quality is a vital environmental signal used to trigger growth and to develop structural differentiation in plants, and it influences morphological, physiological, and biochemical metabolites. In previous studies, different light qualities were found to regulate the synthesis of anthocyanin. However, the mechanism of the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves in response to light quality remains unclear. In this study, the Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum "Xiangnong Fendai" plant was treated with white light (WL), blue light (BL), ultraviolet-A light (UL), and blue light plus ultraviolet-A light (BL + UL), respectively. Under BL, the leaves were described as increasing in redness from "olive green" to "reddish-brown". The chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and total flavonoid content were significantly higher at 7 d than at 0 d. In addition, BL treatment also significantly increased the accumulation of soluble sugar and soluble protein. In contrast to BL, ultraviolet-A light increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes in the leaves, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in varying degrees over time. Moreover, we also found that the CRY-like gene, HY5-like gene, BBX-like gene, MYB-like gene, CHS-like gene, DFR-like gene, ANS-like gene, and UFGT-like gene were significantly upregulated. Furthermore, the SOD-like, POD-like, and CAT-like gene expressions related to antioxidase synthesis were found under ultraviolet-A light conditions. In summary, BL is more conducive to reddening the leaves of "Xiangnong Fendai" and will not lead to excessive photooxidation. This provides an effective ecological strategy for light-induced leaf-color changes, thereby promoting the ornamental and economic value of L. chinense var. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Ling
- School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenwen Huo
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528225, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzheng, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Donglin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528225, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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21
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Milech C, Auler PA, do Amaral MN, Lucho SR, da Silva Dos Santos J, Furlan VJM, Bianchi VJ, Braga EJB. Biosynthesis of Betalains Elicited by Methyl Jasmonate in Two Species of Alternanthera Genus: Antagonistic Regulations Result in Increase of Pigments. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04535-5. [PMID: 37119502 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural pigments are components very important in the dye industry. The betalains are pigments found in plants from Caryophyllales order and are relevant in the food manufacturing. The main source of betalains is beetroot, which has unfavorable aftertaste. Therefore, the demand for alternative species producing betalains has increased. Elicitor molecules such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induce metabolic reprogramming acting in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and can enhance pigment concentrations. Here, we used this strategy to identify if treatment with MeJA at 100 µM can promote the accumulation of betalains and other bioactive compounds in Alternanthera philoxeroides and Alternanthera sessilis. We performed the gene expression, concentration of betalains, phenols, flavonoids, amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), and antioxidant activity. The results showed that MeJA treatment increased betalains and other bioactive compounds in the two Alternanthera species but A. sessilis had a better performance. One key factor in this pathway is related to the phenylalanine and tyrosine concentration. However, the species have distinct metabolic regulation: in A. philoxeroides, high concentrations of betalain pigments increase the tyrosine concentration and gene expression (include ADH) under MeJA and in A. sessilis, high concentrations of betalain pigments reduce the gene expression and tyrosine concentration after 2 days under MeJA. This study brings new questions about betalain biosynthesis and sheds light on the evolution of this pathway in Caryophyllales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristini Milech
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute-Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Ariane Auler
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute-Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Nogueira do Amaral
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute-Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Ribeiro Lucho
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute-Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valmor João Bianchi
- Department of Botany, Biology Institute-Plant Physiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Reyes-Calderón A, Gutiérrez-García C, Urióstegui-Pena AG, Srivastava A, Aguilar-Marcelino L, Iqbal HMN, Ahmed SSSJ, Paul S, Sharma A. Identification of Cumin ( Cuminum cyminum) MicroRNAs through Deep Sequencing and Their Impact on Plant Secondary Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091756. [PMID: 37176813 PMCID: PMC10180537 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of plants lie in the content of secondary metabolites that are classified into different categories based on their biosynthesis, structures, and functions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial post-transcriptional regulatory roles in plants, including development and stress-response signaling; however, information about their involvement in secondary metabolism is still limited. Cumin is one of the most popular seeds from the plant Cuminum cyminum, with extensive applications in herbal medicine and cooking; nevertheless, no previous studies focus on the miRNA profile of cumin. In this study, the miRNA profile of C. cyminum and its association with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were determined using NGS technology. The sequencing data yielded 10,956,054 distinct reads with lengths ranging from 16 to 40 nt, of which 349 miRNAs were found to be conserved and 39 to be novel miRNAs. Moreover, this work identified 1959 potential target genes for C. cyminum miRNAs. It is interesting to note that several conserved and novel miRNAs have been found to specifically target important terpenoid backbone, flavonoid biosynthesis, and lipid/fatty acid pathways enzymes. We believe this investigation will aid in elucidating the implications of miRNAs in plant secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almendra Reyes-Calderón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gutiérrez-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Andrea G Urióstegui-Pena
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Aashish Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Shiek S S J Ahmed
- Drug Discovery and Multi-Omics Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, Plant Innovation Lab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro 76130, Mexico
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23
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Wang Y, Zhen J, Che X, Zhang K, Zhang G, Yang H, Wen J, Wang J, Wang J, He B, Yu A, Li Y, Wang Z. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of autumn leaf color change in Fraxinus angustifolia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15319. [PMID: 37197583 PMCID: PMC10184661 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fraxinus angustifolia is a type of street tree and shade tree with ornamental value. It has a beautiful shape and yellow or reddish purple autumn leaves, but its leaf color formation mechanism and molecular regulation network need to be studied. In this study, we integrated the metabolomes and transcriptomes of stage 1 (green leaf) and stage 2 (red-purple leaf) leaves at two different developmental stages to screen differential candidate genes and metabolites related to leaf color variation. The results of stage 1 and stage 2 transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 5,827 genes were differentially expressed, including 2,249 upregulated genes and 3,578 downregulated genes. Through functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes, we found that they were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, pigment metabolism, carotene metabolism, terpenoid biosynthesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, pigment accumulation, and other biological processes. By measuring the metabolites of Fraxinus angustifolia leaves, we found the metabolites closely related to the differentially expressed genes in two different periods of Fraxinus angustifolia, among which flavonoid compounds were the main differential metabolites. Through transcriptome and metabolomics data association analysis, we screened nine differentially expressed genes related to anthocyanins. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR results showed that these nine genes showed significant expression differences in different stages of the sample, and we speculate that they are likely to be the main regulatory factors in the molecular mechanism of leaf coloration. This is the first time that we have analyzed the transcriptome combination metabolome in the process of leaf coloration of Fraxinus angustifolia, which has important guiding significance for directional breeding of colored-leaf Fraxinus species and will also give new insights for enriching the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Bioinformatics Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyu Che
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Bioinformatics Utilization and Technological Innovation Center for Agricultural Microbes, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Hongyashan State-owned Forest Farm in Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiming Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Grammar, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Bo He
- Green Building Development Center of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Ailong Yu
- Flower and Wood Technical Service Center of Hengshui, Hengshui, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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