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Tang J, Zheng H, Cai J, Liu J, Wang Y, Deng J. Research progress of electrochemical oxidation and self-action of electric field for medical wastewater treatment. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1083974. [PMID: 36687586 PMCID: PMC9853389 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1083974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of pathogenic microorganisms exist in medical wastewater, which could invade the human body through the water and cause harm to human health. With the global pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19), public health safety become particularly important, and medical wastewater treatment is an important part of it. In particular, electrochemical disinfection technology has been widely studied in medical wastewater treatment due to its greenness, high efficiency, convenient operation, and other advantages. In this paper, the development status of electrochemical disinfection technology in the treatment of medical wastewater is reviewed, and an electrochemical three-stage disinfection system is proposed for the treatment of medical wastewater. Moreover, prospects for the electrochemical treatment of medical wastewater will be presented. It is hoped that this review could provide insight and guidance for the research and application of electrochemical disinfection technology to treat medical wastewater.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- Department of Neurothoracic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province Yangluo Campus, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zheng
- Department of Neurothoracic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province Yangluo Campus, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinzhong Cai
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Neurothoracic Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province Yangluo Campus, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Brogi S, Tabanelli R, Calderone V. Combinatorial approaches for novel cardiovascular drug discovery: a review of the literature. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1111-1129. [PMID: 35853260 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this article, authors report an inclusive discussion about the combinatorial approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and for counteracting the cardiovascular risk factors. The mentioned strategy was demonstrated to be useful for improving the efficacy of pharmacological treatments and in CVDs showed superior efficacy with respect to the classical monotherapeutic approach. AREAS COVERED According to this topic, authors analyzed the combinatorial treatments that are available on the market, highlighting clinical studies that demonstrated the efficacy of combinatorial drug strategies to cure CVDs and related risk factors. Furthermore, the review gives an outlook on the future perspective of this therapeutic option, highlighting novel drug targets and disease models that could help the future cardiovascular drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION The use of specifically designed and increasingly rational and effective drug combination therapies can therefore be considered the evolution of polypharmacy in cardiometabolic and CVDs. This approach can allow to intervene on multiple etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the disease or to act simultaneously on different pathologies/risk factors, using the combinations most suitable from a pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological perspective, thus finding the most appropriate therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Automated Classification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Cardiac MRI. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent predictor of coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. Our aim was to detect LVH cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) scans with automatic methods. We developed an ensemble model based on a three-dimensional version of ResNet. The input of the network included short-axis and long-axis images. We also introduced a standardization methodology to unify the input images for noise reduction. The output of the network is the decision whether the patient has hypertrophy or not. We included 428 patients (mean age: 49 ± 18 years, 262 males) with LVH (346 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 45 cardiac amyloidosis, 11 Anderson–Fabry disease, 16 endomyocardial fibrosis, 10 aortic stenosis). Our control group consisted of 234 healthy subjects (mean age: 35 ± 15 years; 126 males) without any known cardiovascular diseases. The developed machine-learning-based model achieved a 92% F1-score and 97% recall on the hold-out dataset, which is comparable to the medical experts. Experiments showed that the standardization method was able to significantly boost the performance of the algorithm. The algorithm could improve the diagnostic accuracy, and it could open a new door to AI applications in CMR.
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Nouvel A, Laget J, Duranton F, Leroy J, Desmetz C, Servais MD, de Préville N, Galtier F, Nocca D, Builles N, Rebuffat S, Lajoix AD. Optimization of RNA extraction methods from human metabolic tissue samples of the COMET biobank. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20975. [PMID: 34697345 PMCID: PMC8545963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitution of biobank of human tissues requires careful handling and storage of biological material, to guarantee the quality of samples. Tissue preparation is also critical for further applications such as transcriptomic profiling. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the impact of different disruption techniques (FastPrep-24 instrument, GentleMACS dissociator, and syringe/needle) and homogenizing buffers (RLT versus QIAzol) on RNA purity and quality of metabolic tissues (adipose tissues, liver and skeletal muscle) present in the COMET Biobank. For all homogenization methods used and tissue types, the A260/280 ratios reached values ≥ 1.8, which are in the range of what is found in human tissues and cell lines, while the A260/230 ratios were however ≤ 1.8, with the lowest value obtained with GentleMACS Dissociator. In addition, GentleMACS Dissociator combined with QIAzol reagent gave the highest RIN value and 28S/18S ratio for all tissues tested, except for muscle. Performing RT-qPCR, Ct values for different housekeeping genes can be influenced by extraction methods and RNA quality of samples. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that different disruption techniques and homogenizing buffers impact the purity and some quality markers of RNA, and can also impact quantification of mRNAs by RT-qPCR in human metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Nouvel
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jonas Laget
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Flore Duranton
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,RD Néphrologie, 2 rue des Muriers, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Leroy
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Caroline Desmetz
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Florence Galtier
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Clinical Investigation Center 1411, Hôpital St Eloi, INSERM, University Hospital of Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Lapeyronie Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, 371 avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - David Nocca
- Department of Digestive Surgery, University Hospital of Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nicolas Builles
- Biological Resources Center, Tissue Bank, University Hospital of Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sandra Rebuffat
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne-Dominique Lajoix
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Quantitative Monitoring of Dynamic Blood Flows Using Coflowing Laminar Streams in a Sensorless Approach. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Determination of blood viscosity requires consistent measurement of blood flow rates, which leads to measurement errors and presents several issues when there are continuous changes in hematocrit changes. Instead of blood viscosity, a coflowing channel as a pressure sensor is adopted to quantify the dynamic flow of blood. Information on blood (i.e., hematocrit, flow rate, and viscosity) is not provided in advance. Using a discrete circuit model for the coflowing streams, the analytical expressions for four properties (i.e., pressure, shear stress, and two types of work) are then derived to quantify the flow of the test fluid. The analytical expressions are validated through numerical simulations. To demonstrate the method, the four properties are obtained using the present method by varying the flow patterns (i.e., constant flow rate or sinusoidal flow rate) as well as test fluids (i.e., glycerin solutions and blood). Thereafter, the present method is applied to quantify the dynamic flows of RBC aggregation-enhanced blood with a peristaltic pump, where any information regarding the blood is not specific. The experimental results indicate that the present method can quantify dynamic blood flow consistently, where hematocrit changes continuously over time.
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Barbato MG, Pereira RC, Mollica H, Palange A, Ferreira M, Decuzzi P. A permeable on-chip microvasculature for assessing the transport of macromolecules and polymeric nanoconstructs. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:409-423. [PMID: 33774397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The selective permeation of molecules and nanomedicines across the diseased vasculature dictates the success of a therapeutic intervention. Yet, in vitro assays cannot recapitulate relevant differences between the physiological and pathological microvasculature. Here, a double-channel microfluidic device was engineered to comprise vascular and extravascular compartments connected through a micropillar membrane with tunable permeability. EXPERIMENTS The vascular compartment was coated by endothelial cells to achieve permeability values ranging from ~0.1 μm/sec, following a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pre-treatment (25 μg/mL), up to ~2 μm/sec, upon exposure to Mannitol, Lexiscan or in the absence of cells. Fluorescent microscopy was used to monitor the vascular behavior of 250 kDa Dextran molecules, 200 nm polystyrene nanoparticles (PB), and 1,000 × 400 nm discoidal polymeric nanoconstructs (DPN), under different permeability and flow conditions. FINDINGS In the proposed on-chip microvasculature, it was confirmed that permeation enhancers could favor the perivascular accumulation of ~200 nm, in a dose and time dependent fashion, while have no effect on larger particles. Moreover, the microfluidic device was used to interrogate the role of particle deformability in vascular dynamics. In the presence of a continuous endothelium, soft DPN attached to the vasculature more avidly at sub-physiological flows (100 μm/sec) than rigid DPN, whose deposition was larger at higher flow rates (1 mm/sec). The proposed double-channel microfluidic device can be efficiently used to systematically analyze the vascular behavior of drug delivery systems to enhance their tissue specific accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Barbato
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy; Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 25, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rui C Pereira
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Hilaria Mollica
- I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 3, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | - AnnaLisa Palange
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Miguel Ferreira
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
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7
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Enríquez Á, Libring S, Field TC, Jimenez J, Lee T, Park H, Satoski D, Wendt MK, Calve S, Tepole AB, Solorio L, Lee H. High-Throughput Magnetic Actuation Platform for Evaluating the Effect of Mechanical Force on 3D Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2005021. [PMID: 34764824 PMCID: PMC8577425 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202005021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurately replicating and analyzing cellular responses to mechanical cues is vital for exploring metastatic disease progression. However, many of the existing in vitro platforms for applying mechanical stimulation seed cells on synthetic substrates. To better recapitulate physiological conditions, a novel actuating platform is developed with the ability to apply tensile strain on cells at various amplitudes and frequencies in a high-throughput multi-well culture plate using a physiologically-relevant substrate. Suspending fibrillar fibronectin across the body of the magnetic actuator provides a matrix representative of early metastasis for 3D cell culture that is not reliant on a synthetic substrate. This platform enables the culturing and analysis of various cell types in an environment that mimics the dynamic stretching of lung tissue during normal respiration. Metabolic activity, YAP activation, and morphology of breast cancer cells are analyzed within one week of cyclic stretching or static culture. Further, matrix degradation is significantly reduced in breast cancer cell lines with metastatic potential after actuation. These new findings demonstrate a clear suppressive cellular response due to cyclic stretching that has implications for a mechanical role in the dormancy and reactivation of disseminated breast cancer cells to macrometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Enríquez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tyler C. Field
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Julian Jimenez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Taeksang Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyunsu Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Douglas Satoski
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Michael K. Wendt
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Luis Solorio
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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8
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Hesh CA, Qiu Y, Lam WA. Vascularized Microfluidics and the Blood-Endothelium Interface. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:E18. [PMID: 31878018 PMCID: PMC7019435 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature is the primary conduit through which the human body transmits oxygen, nutrients, and other biological information to its peripheral tissues. It does this through bidirectional communication between the blood, consisting of plasma and non-adherent cells, and the microvascular endothelium. Current understanding of this blood-endothelium interface has been predominantly derived from a combination of reductionist two-dimensional in vitro models and biologically complex in vivo animal models, both of which recapitulate the human microvasculature to varying but limited degrees. In an effort to address these limitations, vascularized microfluidics have become a platform of increasing importance as a consequence of their ability to isolate biologically complex phenomena while also recapitulating biochemical and biophysical behaviors known to be important to the function of the blood-endothelium interface. In this review, we discuss the basic principles of vascularized microfluidic fabrication, the contribution this platform has made to our understanding of the blood-endothelium interface in both homeostasis and disease, the limitations and challenges of these vascularized microfluidics for studying this interface, and how these inform future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Hesh
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Yongzhi Qiu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wilbur A. Lam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer Center and Blood Disorders Service of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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9
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Steward RL. Advice for starting a mechanobiology lab. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:673-674. [PMID: 31520295 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting a new lab in mechanobiology and a new lab in general can be an exciting, yet daunting experience. Depending on your previous position, you have now found yourself with significantly more responsibility in more ways than one. For those considering taking such a career path, I present in this commentary advice that will hopefully be useful and provide food for thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Steward
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Savoji H, Mohammadi MH, Rafatian N, Toroghi MK, Wang EY, Zhao Y, Korolj A, Ahadian S, Radisic M. Cardiovascular disease models: A game changing paradigm in drug discovery and screening. Biomaterials 2019; 198:3-26. [PMID: 30343824 PMCID: PMC6397087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although investment in drug discovery and development has been sky-rocketing, the number of approved drugs has been declining. Cardiovascular toxicity due to therapeutic drug use claims the highest incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions in late-stage clinical development. Therefore, to address this issue, new, additional, replacement and combinatorial approaches are needed to fill the gap in effective drug discovery and screening. The motivation for developing accurate, predictive models is twofold: first, to study and discover new treatments for cardiac pathologies which are leading in worldwide morbidity and mortality rates; and second, to screen for adverse drug reactions on the heart, a primary risk in drug development. In addition to in vivo animal models, in vitro and in silico models have been recently proposed to mimic the physiological conditions of heart and vasculature. Here, we describe current in vitro, in vivo, and in silico platforms for modelling healthy and pathological cardiac tissues and their advantages and disadvantages for drug screening and discovery applications. We review the pathophysiology and the underlying pathways of different cardiac diseases, as well as the new tools being developed to facilitate their study. We finally suggest a roadmap for employing these non-animal platforms in assessing drug cardiotoxicity and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Masood Khaksar Toroghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 170 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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11
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Islam MM, Steward RL. Probing Endothelial Cell Mechanics Through Connexin 43 Disruption. EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS 2019; 59:327-336. [PMID: 31543522 PMCID: PMC6753957 DOI: 10.1007/s11340-018-00445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium has been established to generate intercellular stresses and suggested to transmit these intercellular stresses through cell-cell junctions, such as VE-Cadherin and ZO-1, for example. Although the previously mentioned molecules reflect the appreciable contributions both adherens junctions and tight junctions are believed to have in endothelial cell intercellular stresses, in doing so they also reveal the obscure relationship that exists between gap junctions and intercellular stresses. Therefore, to bring clarity to this relationship we disrupted expression of the endothelial gap junction connexin 43 (Cx43) by exposing confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to a low (0.2 μg/mL) and high (2 μg/mL) concentration of 2,5-dihydroxychalcone (chalcone), a known Cx43 inhibitor. To evaluate the impact Cx43 disruption had on endothelial cell mechanics we utilized traction force microscopy and monolayer stress microscopy to measure cell-substrate tractions and cell-cell intercellular stresses, respectively. HUVEC monolayers exposed to a low concentration of chalcone produced average normal intercellular stresses that were on average 17% higher relative to control, while exposure to a high concentration of chalcone yielded average normal intercellular stresses that were on average 55% lower when compared to control HUVEC monolayers. HUVEC maximum shear intercellular stresses were observed to decrease by 16% (low chalcone concentration) and 66% (high chalcone concentration), while tractions exhibited an almost 2-fold decrease under high chalcone concentration. In addition, monolayer cell velocities were observed to decrease by 19% and 35% at low chalcone and high chalcone concentrations, respectively. Strain energies were also observed to decrease by 32% and 85% at low and high concentration of chalcone treatment, respectively, when compared to control. The findings we present here reveal for the first time the contribution Cx43 has to endothelial biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Islam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
| | - R. L. Steward
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
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12
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Hu C, Chen Y, Tan MJA, Ren K, Wu H. Microfluidic technologies for vasculature biomimicry. Analyst 2019; 144:4461-4471. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An overview of microfluidic technologies for vascular studies and fabrication of vascular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Yangfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Ming Jun Andrew Tan
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Kangning Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon
- China
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
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