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Zeng Z, Tang W. Gut microbiota: A potential player in psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024; 25:267-280. [PMID: 38607962 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2342846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the potential interconnections among gut microbiota, COVID-19 infection, depression and anxiety disorder. Additionally, it tries to assess potential therapeutic interventions that may improve the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. METHODS To achieve these objectives, we reviewed existing literature, encompassing studies and critical reviews that intersect the domains of gut microbiota, COVID-19, depression and anxiety disorders. RESULTS The findings highlight a notable correlation between the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and psychiatric symptoms in the context of COVID-19. Specifically, there is a marked reduction in the populations of bacteria that generate anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), alongside a rise in the prevalence of gut bacterial clusters linked to inflammatory processes. Furthermore, several potential treatment strategies were summarised for improving the dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota plays a significant role in psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19, which has significant implications for the study and prevention of psychiatric symptoms in major epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Righi E, Dalla Vecchia I, Auerbach N, Morra M, Górska A, Sciammarella C, Lambertenghi L, Gentilotti E, Mirandola M, Tacconelli E, Sartor A. Gut Microbiome Disruption Following SARS-CoV-2: A Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:131. [PMID: 38257958 PMCID: PMC10820238 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has been associated with having a negative impact on patients' gut microbiome during both active disease and in the post-acute phase. In acute COVID-19, rapid alteration of the gut microbiome composition was observed, showing on one side a reduction in beneficial symbionts (e.g., Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae) and on the other side an increase in opportunistic pathogens such as Enterococcus and Proteobacteria. Alpha diversity tends to decrease, especially initially with symptom onset and hospital admission. Although clinical recovery appears to align with improved gut homeostasis, this process could take several weeks, even in mild infections. Moreover, patients with COVID-19 post-acute syndrome showed changes in gut microbiome composition, with specific signatures associated with decreased respiratory function up to 12 months following acute disease. Potential treatments, especially probiotic-based therapy, are under investigation. Open questions remain on the possibility to use gut microbiome data to predict disease progression and on potential confounders that may impair result interpretation (e.g., concomitant therapies in the acute phase; reinfection, vaccines, and occurrence of novel conditions or diseases in the post-acute syndrome). Understanding the relationships between gut microbiome dynamics and disease progression may contribute to better understanding post-COVID syndrome pathogenesis or inform personalized treatment that can affect specific targets or microbiome markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Righi
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Ilaria Dalla Vecchia
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Nina Auerbach
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Matteo Morra
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Anna Górska
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Concetta Sciammarella
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Lorenza Lambertenghi
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Elisa Gentilotti
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Massimo Mirandola
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- IMID Laboratory, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.G.); (C.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Assunta Sartor
- Microbiology Unit, Udine University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy;
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3
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Zhou J, Yang X, Yang Y, Wei Y, Lu D, Xie Y, Liang H, Cui P, Ye L, Huang J. Human microbiota dysbiosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection have the potential to predict disease prognosis. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:841. [PMID: 38031010 PMCID: PMC10685584 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The studies on SARS-CoV-2 and human microbiota have yielded inconsistent results regarding microbiota α-diversity and key microbiota. To address these issues and explore the predictive ability of human microbiota for the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we conducted a reanalysis of existing studies. METHODS We reviewed the existing studies on SARS-CoV-2 and human microbiota in the Pubmed and Bioproject databases (from inception through October 29, 2021) and extracted the available raw 16S rRNA sequencing data of human microbiota. Firstly, we used meta-analysis and bioinformatics methods to reanalyze the raw data and evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on human microbial α-diversity. Secondly, machine learning (ML) was employed to assess the ability of microbiota to predict the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we aimed to identify the key microbiota associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS A total of 20 studies related to SARS-CoV-2 and human microbiota were included, involving gut (n = 9), respiratory (n = 11), oral (n = 3), and skin (n = 1) microbiota. Meta-analysis showed that in gut studies, when limiting factors were studies ruled out the effect of antibiotics, cross-sectional and case-control studies, Chinese studies, American studies, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with down-regulation of microbiota α-diversity (P < 0.05). In respiratory studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with down-regulation of α-diversity when the limiting factor was V4 sequencing region (P < 0.05). Additionally, the α-diversity of skin microbiota was down-regulated at multiple time points following SARS-CoV-2 infection (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference in oral microbiota α-diversity was observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. ML models based on baseline respiratory (oropharynx) microbiota profiles exhibited the ability to predict outcomes (survival and death, Random Forest, AUC = 0.847, Sensitivity = 0.833, Specificity = 0.750) after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The shared differential Prevotella and Streptococcus in the gut, respiratory tract, and oral cavity was associated with the severity and recovery of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection was related to the down-regulation of α-diversity in the human gut and respiratory microbiota. The respiratory microbiota had the potential to predict the prognosis of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Prevotella and Streptococcus might be key microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiping Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuecong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiru Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongjia Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yulan Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed By the Province and Ministry, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jiegang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Ancona G, Alagna L, Alteri C, Palomba E, Tonizzo A, Pastena A, Muscatello A, Gori A, Bandera A. Gut and airway microbiota dysbiosis and their role in COVID-19 and long-COVID. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1080043. [PMID: 36969243 PMCID: PMC10030519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Gut dysbiosis is known to be associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases and modifications in the immune response and homeostasis of the lungs (the so-called gut-lung axis). Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the possible role of dysbiosis in neurological disturbances, introducing the notion of the "gut-brain axis." During the last 2 years, several studies have described the presence of gut dysbiosis during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its relationship with disease severity, SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal replication, and immune inflammation. Moreover, the possible persistence of gut dysbiosis after disease resolution may be linked to long-COVID syndrome and particularly to its neurological manifestations. We reviewed recent evidence on the association between dysbiosis and COVID-19, investigating the possible epidemiologic confounding factors like age, location, sex, sample size, the severity of disease, comorbidities, therapy, and vaccination status on gut and airway microbial dysbiosis in selected studies on both COVID-19 and long-COVID. Moreover, we analyzed the confounding factors strictly related to microbiota, specifically diet investigation and previous use of antibiotics/probiotics, and the methodology used to study the microbiota (α- and β-diversity parameters and relative abundance tools). Of note, only a few studies focused on longitudinal analyses, especially for long-term observation in long-COVID. Lastly, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the role of microbiota transplantation and other therapeutic approaches and their possible impact on disease progression and severity. Preliminary data seem to suggest that gut and airway dysbiosis might play a role in COVID-19 and in long-COVID neurological symptoms. Indeed, the development and interpretation of these data could have important implications for future preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ancona
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Alagna
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Multimodal Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Palomba
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Tonizzo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pastena
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Muscatello
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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SeyedAlinaghi S, Afzalian A, Pashaei Z, Varshochi S, Karimi A, Mojdeganlou H, Mojdeganlou P, Razi A, Ghanadinezhad F, Shojaei A, Amiri A, Dashti M, Ghasemzadeh A, Dadras O, Mehraeen E, Afsahi AM. Gut microbiota and COVID-19: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1080. [PMID: 36721396 PMCID: PMC9881458 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Alteration in humans' gut microbiota was reported in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The gut and upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota harbor a dynamic and complex population of microorganisms and have strong interaction with host immune system homeostasis. However, our knowledge about microbiota and its association with SARS-CoV-2 is still limited. We aimed to systematically review the effects of gut microbiota on the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity and the impact that SARS-CoV-2 could have on the gut microbiota. Methods We searched the keywords in the online databases of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane on December 31, 2021. After duplicate removal, we performed the screening process in two stages; title/abstract and then full-text screening. The data of the eligible studies were extracted into a pre-designed word table. This study adhered to the PRISMA checklist and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale Bias Assessment tool. Results Sixty-three publications were included in this review. Our study shows that among COVID-19 patients, particularly moderate to severe cases, the gut and lung microbiota was different compared to healthy individuals. In addition, the severity, and viral load of COVID-19 disease would probably also be influenced by the gut, and lung microbiota's composition. Conclusion Our study concludes that there was a significant difference in the composition of the URT, and gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients compared to the general healthy individuals, with an increase in opportunistic pathogens. Further, research is needed to investigate the probable bidirectional association of COVID-19 and human microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Arian Afzalian
- School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Zahra Pashaei
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sanaz Varshochi
- School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | | | - Armin Razi
- School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Alireza Shojaei
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ava Amiri
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohsen Dashti
- Department of RadiologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Omid Dadras
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Department of Global Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information TechnologyKhalkhal University of Medical SciencesKhalkhalIran
| | - Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of California, San Diego (UCSD)CaliforniaUSA
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6
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Wang M, Zhang Y, Li C, Chang W, Zhang L. The relationship between gut microbiota and COVID-19 progression: new insights into immunopathogenesis and treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180336. [PMID: 37205106 PMCID: PMC10185909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a global health crisis. Increasing evidence underlines the key role of competent immune responses in resisting SARS-CoV-2 infection and manifests the disastrous consequence of host immune dysregulation. Elucidating the mechanisms responsible for deregulated host immunity in COVID-19 may provide a theoretical basis for further research on new treatment modalities. Gut microbiota comprises trillions of microorganisms colonizing the human gastrointestinal tract and has a vital role in immune homeostasis and the gut-lung crosstalk. Particularly, SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to the disruption of gut microbiota equilibrium, a condition called gut dysbiosis. Due to its regulatory effect on host immunity, gut microbiota has recently received considerable attention in the field of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology. Imbalanced gut microbiota can fuel COVID-19 progression through production of bioactive metabolites, intestinal metabolism, enhancement of the cytokine storm, exaggeration of inflammation, regulation of adaptive immunity and other aspects. In this review, we provide an overview of the alterations in gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients, and their effects on individuals' susceptibility to viral infection and COVID-19 progression. Moreover, we summarize currently available data on the critical role of the bidirectional regulation between intestinal microbes and host immunity in SARS-CoV-2-induced pathology, and highlight the immunomodulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota contributing to COVID-19 pathogenesis. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic benefits and future perspectives of microbiota-targeted interventions including faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), bacteriotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Man Wang, ; Chunmei Li,
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Man Wang, ; Chunmei Li,
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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7
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Bacorn M, Romero-Soto HN, Levy S, Chen Q, Hourigan SK. The Gut Microbiome of Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122460. [PMID: 36557713 PMCID: PMC9783902 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been shown to play a critical role in maintaining a healthy state. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is involved in modulating disease severity and potentially contributes to long-term outcomes in adults with COVID-19. Due to children having a significantly lower risk of severe illness and limited sample availability, much less is known about the role of the gut microbiome in children with COVID-19. It is well recognized that the developing gut microbiome of children differs from that of adults, but it is unclear if this difference contributes to the different clinical presentations and complications. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the gut microbiome in children with COVID-19, with gut microbiome dysbiosis being found in pediatric COVID-19 but specific taxa change often differing from those described in adults. Additionally, we discuss possible mechanisms of how the gut microbiome may mediate the presentation and complications of COVID-19 in children and the potential role for microbial therapeutics.
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8
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Abstract
Gut microbiota and fecal bile acids were analyzed in 278 patients with α-synucleinopathies, which were comprised of 28 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 224 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 26 patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). Similarly to PD, short-chain fatty acids-producing genera were decreased in DLB. Additionally, Ruminococcus torques and Collinsella were increased in DLB, which were not changed in PD. Random forest models to differentiate DLB and PD showed that high Ruminococcus torques and high Collinsella, which presumably increase intestinal permeability, as well as low Bifidobacterium, which are also observed in Alzheimer's disease, were predictive of DLB. As Ruminococcus torques and Collinsella are also major secondary bile acids-producing bacteria, we quantified fecal bile acids and found that the production of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was high in DLB. Increased UDCA in DLB may mitigate neuroinflammation at the substantia nigra, whereas neuroinflammation may not be critical at the neocortex. Theraeutic intervention to increase Bifidobacteirum and its metabolites may retard the development and progression of DLB.
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9
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Cheng X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wu Q, Wu J, Park SK, Guo C, Lu J. Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA microbial data identified alterations of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients during the acute and recovery phases. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:274. [PMCID: PMC9662111 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dozens of studies have demonstrated gut dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients during the acute and recovery phases. However, a consensus on the specific COVID-19 associated bacteria is missing. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to explore whether robust and reproducible alterations in the gut microbiota of COVID-19 patients exist across different populations.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted for studies published prior to May 2022 in electronic databases. After review, we included 16 studies that comparing the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients to those of controls. The 16S rRNA sequence data of these studies were then re-analyzed using a standardized workflow and synthesized by meta-analysis.
Results
We found that gut bacterial diversity of COVID-19 patients in both the acute and recovery phases was consistently lower than non-COVID-19 individuals. Microbial differential abundance analysis showed depletion of anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria and enrichment of taxa with pro-inflammatory properties in COVID-19 patients during the acute phase compared to non-COVID-19 individuals. Analysis of microbial communities showed that the gut microbiota of COVID-19 recovered patients were still in unhealthy ecostates.
Conclusions
Our results provided a comprehensive synthesis to better understand gut microbial perturbations associated with COVID-19 and identified underlying biomarkers for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Forsyth CB, Voigt RM, Swanson GR, Bishehsari F, Shaikh M, Zhang L, Engen P, Keshavarzian A. Alcohol use disorder as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 severity: A narrative review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1930-1943. [PMID: 36394508 PMCID: PMC9722573 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Dec. 2019-January 2020, a pneumonia illness originating in Wuhan, China, designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was shown to be caused by a novel RNA coronavirus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). People with advanced age, male sex, and/or underlying health conditions (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic lung disease) are especially vulnerable to severe COVID-19 symptoms and death. These risk factors impact the immune system and are also associated with poor health, chronic illness, and shortened longevity. However, a large percent of patients without these known risk factors also develops severe COVID-19 disease that can result in death. Thus, there must exist risk factors that promote exaggerated inflammatory and immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to death. One such risk factor may be alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder because these can exacerbate viral lung infections like SARS, influenza, and pneumonia. Thus, it is highly plausible that alcohol misuse is a risk factor for either increased infection rate when individuals are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 virus and/or more severe COVID-19 in infected patients. Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for lung diseases and ARDS in SARS patients. We propose that alcohol has three key pathogenic elements in common with other COVID-19 severity risk factors: namely, inflammatory microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and systemic activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also propose that these three elements represent targets for therapy for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Garth R. Swanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Phillip Engen
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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11
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Li S, Zhou Y, Yan D, Wan Y. An Update on the Mutual Impact between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Gut Microbiota. Viruses 2022; 14:1774. [PMID: 36016396 PMCID: PMC9415881 DOI: 10.3390/v14081774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is essential for good health. It has also been demonstrated that the gut microbiota can regulate immune responses against respiratory tract infections. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, accumulating evidence suggests that there is a link between the severity of COVID-19 and the alteration of one's gut microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota can be profoundly affected by COVID-19 and vice versa. Here, we summarize the observations of the mutual impact between SARS-CoV-2 infection and gut microbiota composition. We discuss the consequences and mechanisms of the bi-directional interaction. Moreover, we also discuss the immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and commensal bacteria, which represents a previously overlooked connection between COVID-19 and commensal gut bacteria. Finally, we summarize the progress in managing COVID-19 by utilizing microbial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai 201508, China
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Department of Radiology, Shanghai 201508, China
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12
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Prasad R, Patton MJ, Floyd JL, Fortmann S, DuPont M, Harbour A, Wright J, Lamendella R, Stevens BR, Oudit GY, Grant MB. Plasma Microbiome in COVID-19 Subjects: An Indicator of Gut Barrier Defects and Dysbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9141. [PMID: 36012406 PMCID: PMC9409329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is a well-established route of infection and target for viral damage by SARS-CoV-2. This is supported by the clinical observation that about half of COVID-19 patients exhibit gastrointestinal (GI) complications. We aimed to investigate whether the analysis of plasma could provide insight into gut barrier dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection. Plasma samples of COVID-19 patients (n = 146) and healthy individuals (n = 47) were collected during hospitalization and routine visits. Plasma microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and gut permeability markers including fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), peptidoglycan (PGN), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in both patient cohorts. Plasma samples of both cohorts contained predominately Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria. COVID-19 subjects exhibit significant dysbiosis (p = 0.001) of the plasma microbiome with increased abundance of Actinobacteria spp. (p = 0.0332), decreased abundance of Bacteroides spp. (p = 0.0003), and an increased Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio (p = 0.0003) compared to healthy subjects. The concentration of the plasma gut permeability marker FABP2 (p = 0.0013) and the gut microbial antigens PGN (p < 0.0001) and LPS (p = 0.0049) were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects. These findings support the notion that the intestine may represent a source for bacteremia and contribute to worsening COVID-19 outcomes. Therapies targeting the gut and prevention of gut barrier defects may represent a strategy to improve outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael John Patton
- Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jason Levi. Floyd
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Seth Fortmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mariana DuPont
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Angela Harbour
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce R. Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gavin Y. Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University BLVD, VH490, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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13
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Farsi Y, Tahvildari A, Arbabi M, Vazife F, Sechi LA, Shahidi Bonjar AH, Jamshidi P, Nasiri MJ, Mirsaeidi M. Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Roles of Gut Microbiota in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:804644. [PMID: 35310853 PMCID: PMC8930898 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.804644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late December 2019. Considering the important role of gut microbiota in maturation, regulation, and induction of the immune system and subsequent inflammatory processes, it seems that evaluating the composition of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals may have potential value as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for the disease. Also, therapeutic interventions affecting gut microbial flora may open new horizons in the treatment of COVID-19 patients and accelerating their recovery. Methods A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies published from December 2019 to December 2021 using Pubmed/Medline, Embase, and Scopus. Articles containing the following keywords in titles or abstracts were selected: "SARS-CoV-2" or "COVID-19" or "Coronavirus Disease 19" and "gastrointestinal microbes" or "dysbiosis" or "gut microbiota" or "gut bacteria" or "gut microbes" or "gastrointestinal microbiota". Results Out of 1,668 studies, 22 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and a total of 1,255 confirmed COVID-19 patients were examined. All included studies showed a significant association between COVID-19 and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The most alteration in bacterial composition of COVID-19 patients was depletion in genera Ruminococcus, Alistipes, Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Fusicathenibacter, and Blautia and enrichment of Eggerthella, Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Rothia, and Collinsella. Also, some gut microbiome alterations were associated with COVID-19 severity and poor prognosis including the increment of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Campylobacter, Rothia, Corynebacterium, Megasphaera, Enterococcus, and Aspergillus spp. and the decrement of Roseburia, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Faecalibacterium, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Conclusion Our study showed a significant change of gut microbiome composition in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy individuals. This great extent of impact has proposed the gut microbiota as a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. There is much evidence about this issue, and it is expected to be increased in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Farsi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Tahvildari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahta Arbabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Vazife
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Struttura Complessa (SC), Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Sassari, Italy
| | - Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar
- Clinician Scientist of Dental Materials and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Jamshidi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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14
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Najmi N, Megantara I, Andriani L, Goenawan H, Lesmana R. Importance of gut microbiome regulation for the prevention and recovery process after SARS‑CoV‑2 respiratory viral infection (Review). Biomed Rep 2022; 16:25. [PMID: 35251612 PMCID: PMC8889546 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported to affect organs other than the lungs, including the liver, brain, kidneys and intestine, and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort, have also been reported. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 could potentially directly or indirectly regulate the gut microbiome profile and its homeostasis. The abundance of Coprobacillus, Clostridium ramosum and Clostridium are associated with the severity of COVID-19, and Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are also related to COVID-19 infection. The four phyla are correlated with the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients. The modulation of factors that control the physiological growth of the gut microbiome will determine the proportionate ratio of microbiome types (profile). Taken together, gut microbiome profile alterations in COVID-19 patients may have a cross effect with the modulation of cytokine levels in COVID-19 infection. With these findings, several factors that regulate gut microbiome homeostasis may support the degree of the clinical symptoms and hasten the recovery process after COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuroh Najmi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Imam Megantara
- Division of Biological Activty Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Lovita Andriani
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Division of Biological Activty Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Division of Biological Activty Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia
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15
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Armstrong G, Cantrell K, Huang S, McDonald D, Haiminen N, Carrieri AP, Zhu Q, Gonzalez A, McGrath I, Beck KL, Hakim D, Havulinna AS, Méric G, Niiranen T, Lahti L, Salomaa V, Jain M, Inouye M, Swafford AD, Kim HC, Parida L, Vázquez-Baeza Y, Knight R. Efficient computation of Faith's phylogenetic diversity with applications in characterizing microbiomes. Genome Res 2021; 31:2131-2137. [PMID: 34479875 PMCID: PMC8559715 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275777.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The number of publicly available microbiome samples is continually growing. As data set size increases, bottlenecks arise in standard analytical pipelines. Faith's phylogenetic diversity (Faith's PD) is a highly utilized phylogenetic alpha diversity metric that has thus far failed to effectively scale to trees with millions of vertices. Stacked Faith's phylogenetic diversity (SFPhD) enables calculation of this widely adopted diversity metric at a much larger scale by implementing a computationally efficient algorithm. The algorithm reduces the amount of computational resources required, resulting in more accessible software with a reduced carbon footprint, as compared to previous approaches. The new algorithm produces identical results to the previous method. We further demonstrate that the phylogenetic aspect of Faith's PD provides increased power in detecting diversity differences between younger and older populations in the FINRISK study's metagenomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Kalen Cantrell
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Daniel McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Niina Haiminen
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10562, USA
| | | | - Qiyun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Imran McGrath
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kristen L Beck
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - Daniel Hakim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Mohit Jain
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Austin D Swafford
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ho-Cheol Kim
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - Laxmi Parida
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10562, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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16
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Nakano T, Chiang KC, Chen CC, Chen PJ, Lai CY, Hsu LW, Ohmori N, Goto T, Chen CL, Goto S. Sunlight Exposure and Phototherapy: Perspectives for Healthy Aging in an Era of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010950. [PMID: 34682694 PMCID: PMC8535353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most humans depend on sunlight exposure to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D3. However, the destruction of the ozone layer in the past few decades has increased the risk of skin aging and wrinkling caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which may also promote the risk of skin cancer development. The promotion of public health recommendations to avoid sunlight exposure would reduce the risk of skin cancer, but it would also enhance the risk of vitamin D3 insufficiency/deficiency, which may cause disease development and progression. In addition, the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic may further reduce sunlight exposure due to stay-at-home policies, resulting in difficulty in active and healthy aging. In this review article, we performed a literature search in PubMed and provided an overview of basic and clinical data regarding the impact of sunlight exposure and vitamin D3 on public health. We also discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical value of phototherapy with a full-spectrum light (notably blue, red, and near-infrared light) as an alternative to sunlight exposure, which may contribute to combating COVID-19 and promoting active and healthy aging in current aged/superaged societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (S.G.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (T.N.); +81-975-53-2165 (S.G.)
| | - Kuei-Chen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Chia-Yun Lai
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (K.-C.C.); (P.-J.C.); (L.-W.H.)
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Naoya Ohmori
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Kazusa Institute for Drug Discovery, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Goto
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Kazusa Institute for Drug Discovery, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Chao-Long Chen
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Shigeru Goto
- Liver Transplantation Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-L.C.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Josai International University, Togane 283-8555, Japan; (N.O.); (T.G.)
- Nobeoka Medical Check Center, Fukuoka Institution of Occupational Health, Nobeoka 882-0872, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (S.G.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (T.N.); +81-975-53-2165 (S.G.)
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