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Muttiah B, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Intercellular Communication to Therapeutic Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:654. [PMID: 38794316 PMCID: PMC11125876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a multifaceted and heterogeneous disease, poses significant challenges in terms of understanding its intricate resistance mechanisms and devising effective therapeutic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate landscape of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the context of breast cancer, highlighting their diverse subtypes, biogenesis, and roles in intercellular communication within the tumour microenvironment (TME). The discussion spans various aspects, from EVs and stromal cells in breast cancer to their influence on angiogenesis, immune response, and chemoresistance. The impact of EV production in different culture systems, including two dimensional (2D), three dimensional (3D), and organoid models, is explored. Furthermore, this review delves into the therapeutic potential of EVs in breast cancer, presenting emerging strategies such as engineered EVs for gene delivery, nanoplatforms for targeted chemotherapy, and disrupting tumour derived EVs as a treatment approach. Understanding these complex interactions of EV within the breast cancer milieu is crucial for identifying resistance mechanisms and developing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barathan Muttiah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
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2
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Nogueras Pérez R, Heredia-Nicolás N, de Lara-Peña L, López de Andrés J, Marchal JA, Jiménez G, Griñán-Lisón C. Unraveling the Potential of miRNAs from CSCs as an Emerging Clinical Tool for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16010. [PMID: 37958993 PMCID: PMC10647353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women and the second most common cancer globally. Significant advances in BC research have led to improved early detection and effective therapies. One of the key challenges in BC is the presence of BC stem cells (BCSCs). This small subpopulation within the tumor possesses unique characteristics, including tumor-initiating capabilities, contributes to treatment resistance, and plays a role in cancer recurrence and metastasis. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential regulators of BCSCs, which can modulate gene expression and influence cellular processes like BCSCs' self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor-promoting pathways. Understanding the miRNA signatures of BCSCs holds great promise for improving BC diagnosis and prognosis. By targeting BCSCs and their associated miRNAs, researchers aim to develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies that may offer better outcomes for BC patients, minimizing tumor recurrence and metastasis. In conclusion, the investigation of miRNAs as regulators of BCSCs opens new directions for advancing BC research through the use of bioinformatics and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes the most recent and innovative studies and clinical trials on the role of BCSCs miRNAs as potential tools for early diagnosis, prognosis, and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nogueras Pérez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Noelia Heredia-Nicolás
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Laura de Lara-Peña
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Julia López de Andrés
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.N.P.); (N.H.-N.); (L.d.L.-P.); (J.L.d.A.); (J.A.M.)
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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3
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Su JX, Li SJ, Zhou XF, Zhang ZJ, Yan Y, Liu SL, Qi Q. Chemotherapy-induced metastasis: molecular mechanisms and clinical therapies. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1725-1736. [PMID: 37169853 PMCID: PMC10462662 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, the most widely accepted treatment for malignant tumors, is dependent on cell death induced by various drugs including antimetabolites, alkylating agents, mitotic spindle inhibitors, antitumor antibiotics, and hormonal anticancer drugs. In addition to causing side effects due to non-selective cytotoxicity, chemotherapeutic drugs can initiate and promote metastasis, which greatly reduces their clinical efficacy. The knowledge of how they induce metastasis is essential for developing strategies that improve the outcomes of chemotherapy. Herein, we summarize the recent findings on chemotherapy-induced metastasis and discuss the underlying mechanisms including tumor-initiating cell expansion, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular vesicle involvement, and tumor microenvironment alterations. In addition, the use of combination treatments to overcome chemotherapy-induced metastasis is also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Si-Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Functional Experimental Teaching Center, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Song-Lin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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4
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Pilotto Heming C, Muriithi W, Wanjiku Macharia L, Niemeyer Filho P, Moura-Neto V, Aran V. P-glycoprotein and cancer: what do we currently know? Heliyon 2022; 8:e11171. [PMID: 36325145 PMCID: PMC9618987 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance during cancer treatment is unfortunately a frequent event. There are several reasons for this, including the ability of the ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), which are integral membrane proteins, to export chemotherapeutic molecules from the interior of the tumor cells. One important member of this family is the protein known as Permeability Glycoprotein (P-Glycoprotein, P-gp or ABCB1). Its clinical relevance relies mainly on the fact that the inhibition of P-gp and other ABC transporters could result in the reversal of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in some patients. Recently, other roles apart from being a key player in MDR, have emerged for P-gp. Therefore, this review discusses the relationship between P-gp and MDR, in addition to the possible role of this protein as a biomarker in cancer.
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Hoskin V, Ghaffari A, Laight BJ, SenGupta S, Madarnas Y, Nicol CJB, Elliott BE, Varma S, Greer PA. Targeting the Ezrin Adaptor Protein Sensitizes Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy and Reduces Neoadjuvant Therapy-induced Metastasis. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:456-470. [PMID: 36923551 PMCID: PMC10010290 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main cause of cancer-associated deaths is the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. Despite its success in the primary tumor setting, modern chemotherapeutic strategies are rendered ineffective at treating metastatic disease, largely due to the development of resistance. The adaptor protein ezrin has been shown to promote cancer metastasis in multiple preclinical models and is associated with poor prognosis in several cancer types, including breast cancer. Ezrin promotes pro-survival signaling, particularly in disseminated cancer cells, to facilitate metastatic outgrowth. However, the role of ezrin in breast cancer chemoresistance is not fully known. In this study, we show that upregulating or downregulating ezrin expression modifies the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin and docetaxel treatment in vitro and is associated with changes in PI3K/Akt and NFκB pathway activation. In addition, we tested the effects of systemic treatment with a small-molecule ezrin inhibitor, NSC668394, on lung metastatic burden in vivo as a monotherapy, or in combination with anthracycline- or taxane-based chemotherapy treatment. We show that anti-ezrin treatment alone reduces metastatic burden and markedly sensitizes metastases to doxorubicin or docetaxel in neoadjuvant as well as neoadjuvant plus adjuvant treatment models. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the impact of anti-ezrin treatment in modulating response to chemotherapy in breast cancer cells as well as the efficacy of anti-ezrin treatment in combination with chemotherapy at reducing metastatic burden. Significance This work provides preclinical evidence for combining anti-ezrin treatment with chemotherapy as a novel strategy for effectively targeting metastasis, particularly in a neoadjuvant treatment setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hoskin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdi Ghaffari
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian J Laight
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandip SenGupta
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christopher J B Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce E Elliott
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonal Varma
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Xavier CP, Belisario DC, Rebelo R, Assaraf YG, Giovannetti E, Kopecka J, Vasconcelos MH. The role of extracellular vesicles in the transfer of drug resistance competences to cancer cells. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 62:100833. [PMID: 35429792 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Xu C, Wang F, Hao L, Liu J, Shan B, Lv S, Han X, Pan Y, Niu Y. Expression Patterns of Ezrin and AJAP1 and Clinical Significance in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:831507. [PMID: 35311087 PMCID: PMC8931223 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.831507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin and adherens junction-associated protein 1 (AJAP1) are structural proteins which are involved in numerous human malignancies. However, little is known about the relationship between them in breast cancer. This study was set out to investigate the relationship between them and to further explore the mechanism of AJAP1-mediating cytoskeleton in breast cancer progression. Ezrin and AJAP1 expressions were detected in 377 samples of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry, and different expression patterns between AJAP1 and Ezrin with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Besides, univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to evaluate their prognostic potential. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, qRT-PCR, and phalloidin staining of F-actin were used to explore the relationship and the mechanism between AJAP1 and Ezrin in cytoskeleton arrangement. 377 cases of breast cancer results showed that AJAP1 expression was negatively related with histological grade and lymph node involvement and could be an independent prognosis marker of breast cancer. AJAP1 expression tended to be higher in the Ezrin-negative expression case. Patients with AJAP1negative and Ezrinpositive expression had a worse prognosis (p < 0.0001) and shorter DFS (p = 0.015). More importantly, AJAP1 depletion increased the cell ability of F-actin formation through promoting Ezrin expression. AJAP1 depletion might mediate breast cancer malignancy potential through promoting Ezrin expression and cytoskeleton formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Benjie Shan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuhua Lv
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinghua Han, ; Yueyin Pan, ; Yun Niu,
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinghua Han, ; Yueyin Pan, ; Yun Niu,
| | - Yun Niu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xinghua Han, ; Yueyin Pan, ; Yun Niu,
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Kammala A, Benson M, Ganguly E, Richardson L, Menon R. Functional role and regulation of permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the fetal membrane during drug transportation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 87:e13515. [PMID: 34873775 PMCID: PMC8776608 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Na+ /H+ exchange regulatory factor-1 (NHERF-1) is a class I PDZ (PSD95/Discs-large/ZO-1) binding protein involved in cell-surface expression and stabilization of transporter proteins, including permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp) in various cell types. P-gp, expressed in placental trophoblasts, is an efflux transporter protein that influences the pharmacokinetics of various drugs used during pregnancy. Previously we have reported that NHERF-1 regulates fetal membrane inflammation. However, the role of NHERF-1 in regulating P-gp in the fetal membrane during drug transportation remains unclear. This study determined the interplay between NHERF-1 and P-gp in human fetal membrane cells. METHODS Fetal membranes from normal, term cesareans were screened for P-gp by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Chorionic trophoblast (CTC), with the highest expression of P-gp among fetal membrane cells, was further used to test interactive properties between NHERF-1 and P-gp. BeWo (placental trophoblast cell line) cells were used as a control. Immunoprecipitation (IP) of CTC lysates using the P-gp antibody followed by western blot determined co-precipitation of NHERF-1. Silencing NHERF-1 using small interfering RNA further tested the relevance of NHERF-1 in P-gp expression and function in CTC and BeWo cells. NHERF-1 regulation of P-gp's efflux function (drug resistance) was further tested using the ENZOTM efflux dye kit. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry localized, and western blot confirmed P-gp in human fetal membranes, primarily in the CTC with limited expression in the amnion epithelial layer. P-gp expression in the membranes was similar to that seen in the placenta. IP data showed P-gp co-precipitating with NHERF1. Silencing of NHERF-1 resulted in significant drug resistance suggesting P-gp function mediated through NHERF1 in CTCs. CONCLUSION Proinflammatory mediator NHERF-1 regulates P-gp and control drug transportation across the fetal membranes. Our data suggest a novel functional role for fetal membranes during pregnancy. Besides the placenta, fetal membranes may also regulate efflux of materials at the feto-maternal interface and control drug transport during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ramkumar Menon
- Corresponding author: Ramkumar Menon, Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Director of the Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas 77555-1062, USA
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Jahan S, Mukherjee S, Ali S, Bhardwaj U, Choudhary RK, Balakrishnan S, Naseem A, Mir SA, Banawas S, Alaidarous M, Alyenbaawi H, Iqbal D, Siddiqui AJ. Pioneer Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of Cancer Initiation in Progression, Drug Therapy, and Vaccine Prospects. Cells 2022; 11:490. [PMID: 35159299 PMCID: PMC8833976 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading diseases, causing deaths worldwide. Nearly 10 million deaths were reported in 2020 due to cancer alone. Several factors are involved in cancer progressions, such as lifestyle and genetic characteristics. According to a recent report, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy failure. EVs can play a major role in intracellular communication, the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and pathogenesis in several types of diseases. In a healthy person, EVs carry different cargoes, such as miRNA, lncRNA etc., to help other body functions. On the other hand, the same EV in a tumor microenvironment carries cargoes such as miRNA, lncRNA, etc., to initiate or help cancer progression at various stages. These stages may include the proliferation of cells and escape from apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell invasion, and metastasis, reprogramming energy metabolism, evasion of the immune response, and transfer of mutations. Tumor-derived EVs manipulate by altering normal functions of the body and affect the epigenetics of normal cells by limiting the genetic makeup through transferring mutations, histone modifications, etc. Tumor-derived EVs also pose therapy resistance through transferring drug efflux pumps and posing multiple drug resistances. Such EVs can also help as biomarkers for different cancer types and stages, which ultimately help with cancer diagnosis at early stages. In this review, we will shed light on EVs' role in performing normal functions of the body and their position in different hallmarks of cancer, in altering the genetics of a normal cell in a tumor microenvironment, and their role in therapy resistance, as well as the importance of EVs as diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouvik Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shaheen Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Urvashi Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ranjay Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santhanaraj Balakrishnan
- Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Naseem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Banawas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Mohammed Alaidarous
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alyenbaawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
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Bile duct ligation causes opposite impacts on the expression and function of BCRP and P-gp in rat brain partly via affecting membrane expression of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1942-1950. [PMID: 33558655 PMCID: PMC8563881 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are co-located at blood-brain barrier (BBB) cells, preventing their substrates from entering brain. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that liver failure impairs P-gp and BCRP expression and function in the brain. In the current study, we investigated how liver failure influenced the expression and function of brain BCRP and P-gp in rats subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL). The function of BCRP, P-gp and BBB integrity was assessed using distribution of prazosin, rhodamine 123 and fluorescein, respectively. We showed that BDL significantly decreased BCRP function, but increased P-gp function without affecting BBB integrity. Furthermore, we found that BDL significantly downregulated the expression of membrane BCRP and upregulated the expression of membrane P-gp protein in the cortex and hippocampus. In human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, NH4Cl plus unconjugated bilirubin significantly decreased BCRP function and expression of membrane BCRP protein, but upregulated P-gp function and expression of membrane P-gp protein. The decreased expression of membrane BCRP protein was linked to the decreased expression of membrane radixin protein, while the increased expression of membrane P-gp protein was related to the increased location of membrane ezrin protein. Silencing ezrin impaired membrane location of P-gp, whereas silencing radixin impaired membrane location of BCRP protein. BDL rats showed the increased expression of membrane ezrin protein and decreased expression of membrane radixin protein in the brain. We conclude that BDL causes opposite effects on the expression and function of brain BCRP and P-gp, attributing to the altered expression of membrane radixin and ezrin protein, respectively, due to hyperbilirubinemia and hyperammonemia.
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11
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Extracellular vesicles and the extracellular matrix: a new paradigm or old news? Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2335-2345. [PMID: 33125481 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are implicated in a variety of functions affecting the extracellular matrix (ECM), including matrix degradation, cross-linking of matrix proteins and matrix calcification. These processes are important in many physiological contexts such as angiogenesis and wound healing, and dysregulation of ECM homeostasis contributes to a wide range of diseases including fibrosis, cancer and arthritis. Most studies of EV have focussed on their roles in cell:cell communication, but EV can exist as integral components of the ECM. By far the most well-characterised ECM-resident EV are matrix vesicles (MV) in bone, but the broader role of EV in the ECM is not well understood. This review will explore what is known of the roles of EV in the ECM and will also highlight the similarities and differences between MV and other EV.
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Kobori T, Tameishi M, Tanaka C, Urashima Y, Obata T. Subcellular distribution of ezrin/radixin/moesin and their roles in the cell surface localization and transport function of P-glycoprotein in human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250889. [PMID: 33974673 PMCID: PMC8112653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family proteins act as linkers between the actin cytoskeleton and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and regulate the plasma membrane localization and functionality of the latter in various cancer cells. Notably, P-gp overexpression in the plasma membrane of cancer cells is a principal factor responsible for multidrug resistance and drug-induced mutagenesis. However, it remains unknown whether the ERM proteins contribute to the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp in human colorectal cancer cells in which the subcellular localization of ERM has yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine the gene expression patterns and subcellular localization of ERM and P-gp and investigate the role of ERM proteins in the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp using the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180. Using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses, we showed higher levels of ezrin and moesin mRNAs than those of radixin mRNA in these cells and preferential distribution of all three ERM proteins on the plasma membrane. The ERM proteins were highly colocalized with P-gp. Additionally, we show that the knockdown of ezrin, but not of radixin and moesin, by RNA interference significantly decreased the cell surface expression of P-gp in LS180 cells without affecting the mRNA expression of P-gp. Furthermore, gene silencing of ezrin substantially increased the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine123, a typical P-gp substrate, with no alterations in the plasma membrane permeability of Evans blue, a passive transport marker. In conclusion, ezrin may primarily regulate the cell surface localization and transport function of P-gp as a scaffold protein without influencing the transcriptional activity of P-gp in LS180 cells. These findings should be relevant for treating colorectal cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males and females combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuka Tameishi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tanaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wang T, Dong J, Yuan X, Wen H, Wu L, Liu J, Sui H, Deng W. A New Chalcone Derivative C49 Reverses Doxorubicin Resistance in MCF-7/DOX Cells by Inhibiting P-Glycoprotein Expression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653306. [PMID: 33927626 PMCID: PMC8076869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: C49 is a chalcone derivative. The aim of the current study is to illuminate the efficacy of C49 in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) in MCF-7/DOX cells and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: The cytotoxic effects of C49 on MCF-7/DOX cells were evaluated by MTT assay using different concentration (0-250 μmol/L) of C49. Cell proliferation was evaluated by colony formation assay. Cell death was examined by morphological analysis using Hoechst 33,258 staining. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were utilized to evaluate the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin (DOX) and cell apoptosis. The differentially expressed genns between MCF-7 and MCF-7/DOX cells were analyzed by GEO database. The expression of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins were assessed by Western blot The activities of C49 combined with DOX was evaluated via xenograft tumor model in female BALB/c nude mice. Results: C49 inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 59.82 ± 2.10 μmol/L) and MCF-7/DOX cells (IC50 = 65.69 ± 8.11 μmol/L) with dosage-dependent and enhanced the cellular accumulation of DOX in MCF-7/DOX cells. The combination of C49 and DOX inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. MCF-7/DOX cells regained drug sensibility with the combination treatment through inhibiting the expression of P-gp, p-PI3K and p-Akt proteins. Meanwhile, C49 significantly increased the anticancer efficacy of DOX in vivo. Conclusion: C49 combined with DOX restored DOX sensitivity in MCF-7/DOX cells through inhibiting P-gp protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- Shanghai Bailijia Health Pharmaceutical Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haotian Wen
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linguangjin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanli Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chemotherapy-elicited exosomal miR-378a-3p and miR-378d promote breast cancer stemness and chemoresistance via the activation of EZH2/STAT3 signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:120. [PMID: 33823894 PMCID: PMC8022546 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Not all breast cancer (BC) patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy achieve a pathologic complete response (pCR), but the reasons for this are unknown. Previous studies have shown that exosomes produced in the tumor microenvironment in response to chemotherapy promote a chemotherapy-resistant phenotype in tumors. However, the role of BC chemotherapy-elicited exosomes in regulating chemoresistance is poorly understood. Methods Using commercial kits, serum exosomes were extracted from patients before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, after one cycle of chemotherapy and after four cycles of chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX). Their miRNAs were sequenced, and the correlation between the sequencing results and chemotherapy effects was further verified by RT-qPCR using patient serum exosomes. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect chemosensitivity. Stemness was assessed by CD44+/CD24- population analysis and mammosphere formation assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments were performed to verify the binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to the promoter of miRNAs. Results Here, we provide clinical evidence that chemotherapy-elicited exosomal miR-378a-3p and miR-378d are closely related to the chemotherapy response and that exosomes produced by BC cells after stimulation with DOX or PTX deliver miR-378a-3p and miR-378d to neighboring cells to activate WNT and NOTCH stemness pathways and induce drug resistance by targeting Dickkopf 3 (DKK3) and NUMB. In addition, STAT3, which is enhanced by zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), bound to the promoter regions of miR-378a-3p and miR-378d, thereby increasing their expression in exosomes. More importantly, chemotherapeutic agents combined with the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat reversed chemotherapy-elicited exosome-induced drug resistance in a nude mouse tumor xenograft model. Conclusion This study revealed a novel mechanism of acquired chemoresistance whereby chemotherapy activates the EZH2/STAT3 axis in BC cells, which then secrete chemotherapy-elicited exosomes enriched in miR-378a-3p and miR-378d. These exosomes are absorbed by chemotherapy-surviving BC cells, leading to activation of the WNT and NOTCH stem cell pathways via the targeting of DKK3 and NUMB and subsequently resulting in drug resistance. Therefore, blocking this adaptive mechanism during chemotherapy may reduce the development of chemotherapy resistance and maximize the therapeutic effect. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01901-1.
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Kawase A, Hirosoko M, Sugihara Y, Koyama Y, Fukae A, Shimada H, Iwaki M. NHERF1/EBP50 as a Target for Modulation of MRP Function in HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030239. [PMID: 33800412 PMCID: PMC8002045 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As increased expression and activities of efflux transporters (ETs) often cause drug resistance in cancers, we tried modulating ET activity in cancer cells, using scaffold proteins such as ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins, and Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1)/ERM-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kDa (EBP50). To see whether EBP50 modulated ET activities in human liver cancer HepG2 cells, we used EBP50 siRNA and a designed TAT-PDZ1 peptide. The EBP50 knockdown (EBP50KD) cells had significantly higher intracellular accumulations of Rho123 and carboxy-dichlorofluorescein (CDF), but not H33342 (i.e., the respective substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)), compared with control HepG2, suggesting that EBP50 knockdown in HepG2 cells decreased activity of P-gp and MRP but not BCRP. Treatment with TAT-PDZ1 peptide (>1 pM) resulted in significantly higher CDF accumulation in HepG2 cells, which persisted for ≥180 min after TAT-PDZ1 peptide treatment. These results imply that EBP50 can modulate ET activities. To our knowledge, this is the first report on using a competitive peptide to modulate interactions between MRP and EBP50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kawase
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miho Hirosoko
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Yuka Sugihara
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Yunosuke Koyama
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Ayaka Fukae
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.H.); (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (A.F.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Abstract
Chemotherapy represents the current mainstay therapeutic approach for most types of cancer. Despite the development of targeted chemotherapeutic strategies, the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs is severely limited by the development of drug resistance. Multidrug resistance (MDR) consists of the simultaneous resistance to various unrelated cytotoxic drugs and is one of the main causes of anticancer treatment failure. One of the principal mechanisms by which cancer cells become MDR involves the overexpression of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), mediating the active efflux of cytotoxic molecules from the cytoplasm. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron lipid-enclosed vesicles that are released by all cells and which play a fundamental role in intercellular communication in physiological and pathological contexts. EVs have fundamental function at each step of cancer development and progression. They mediate the transmission of MDR through the transfer of vesicle cargo including functional ABC transporters as well as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Furthermore, EVs mediate MDR by sequestering anticancer drugs and stimulate cancer cell migration and invasion. EVs also mediate the communication with the tumour microenvironment and the immune system, resulting in increased angiogenesis, metastasis and immune evasion. All these actions contribute directly and indirectly to the development of chemoresistance and treatment failure. In this chapter, we describe the many roles EVs play in the acquisition and spread of chemoresistance in cancer. We also discuss possible uses of EVs as pharmacological targets to overcome EV-mediated drug resistance and the potential that the analysis of tumour-derived EVs offers as chemoresistance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Morsy MA, El-Sheikh AAK, Ibrahim ARN, Venugopala KN, Kandeel M. In silico and in vitro identification of secoisolariciresinol as a re-sensitizer of P-glycoprotein-dependent doxorubicin-resistance NCI/ADR-RES cancer cells. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9163. [PMID: 32566390 PMCID: PMC7293189 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the highly expressed cancer cell efflux transporters that cause the failure of chemotherapy. To reverse P-gp induced multidrug resistance, we employed a flaxseed-derived lignan; secoisolariciresinol (SECO) that acts as an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein; another efflux transporter that shares some substrate/inhibitor specificity with P-gp. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation identified SECO as a possible P-gp inhibitor. Comparing root mean square deviation (RMSD) of P-gp bound with SECO with that bound to its standard inhibitor verapamil showed that fluctuations in RMSD were lower in P-gp bound to SECO demonstrating higher stability of the complex of P-gp with SECO. In addition, the superimposition of P-gp structures after MD simulation showed that the nucleotide-binding domains of P-gp bound to SECO undertook a more central closer position compared with that bound to verapamil. Using rhodamine efflux assay on NCI/ADR-RES cancer cells, SECO was confirmed as a P-gp inhibitor, where cells treated with 25 or 50 µM of SECO showed significantly higher fluorescence intensity compared to control. Using MTT assay, SECO alone showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity, where 25 or 50 µM of SECO caused significantly less NCI/ADR-RES cellular viability compared to control. Furthermore, when 50 µM of SECO was added to doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, SECO significantly enhanced DOX-induced cytotoxicity compared to DOX alone. The combination index calculated by CompuSyn software indicated synergism between DOX and SECO. Our results suggest SECO as a novel P-gp inhibitor that can re-sensitize cancer cells during DOX chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology/Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology/Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.,Basic Health Sciences Department/Faculty of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R N Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy/College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry/Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Hallmarks of Cancer and Drug Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051141. [PMID: 32384712 PMCID: PMC7290603 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular signaling and communication, allowing the intercellular exchange of proteins, lipids, and genetic material. Their recognized role in the maintenance of the physiological balance and homeostasis seems to be severely disturbed throughout the carcinogenesis process. Indeed, the modus operandi of cancer implies the highjack of the EV signaling network to support tumor progression in many (if not all) human tumor malignancies. We have reviewed the current evidence for the role of EVs in affecting cancer hallmark traits by: (i) promoting cell proliferation and escape from apoptosis, (ii) sustaining angiogenesis, (iii) contributing to cancer cell invasion and metastasis, (iv) reprogramming energy metabolism, (v) transferring mutations, and (vi) modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) by evading immune response and promoting inflammation. Special emphasis was given to the role of EVs in the transfer of drug resistant traits and to the EV cargo responsible for this transfer, both between cancer cells or between the microenvironment and tumor cells. Finally, we reviewed evidence for the increased release of EVs by drug resistant cells. A timely and comprehensive understanding of how tumor EVs facilitate tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and drug resistance is instrumental for the development of innovative EV-based therapeutic approaches for cancer.
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Zhong P, Chen X, Guo R, Chen X, Chen Z, Wei C, Li Y, Wang W, Zhou Y, Qin L. Folic Acid-Modified Nanoerythrocyte for Codelivery of Paclitaxel and Tariquidar to Overcome Breast Cancer Multidrug Resistance. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1114-1126. [PMID: 32176509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The efflux of anticancer agents mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) and eventually leads to chemotherapy failure. To overcome this problem, the delivery of anticancer agents in combination with a P-gp inhibitor using nanocarrier systems is considered an effective strategy. On the basis of the physiological compatibility and excellent drug loading ability of erythrocytes, we hypothesized that nanoerythrocytes could be used for the codelivery of an anticancer agent and a P-gp inhibitor to overcome MDR in breast cancer. Herein, a folic acid-modified nanoerythrocyte system (PTX/TQR NPs@NanoRBC-PEG/FA) was prepared to simultaneously transport paclitaxel and tariquidar, and the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of this delivery system were evaluated through several experiments. The results indicated that the average diameter and surface potential of this nanocarrier system were 159.8 ± 1.4 nm and -10.98 mV, respectively. Within 120 h, sustained release of paclitaxel was observed in both pH 6.5 media and pH 7.4 media. Tariquidar release from this nanocarrier suppressed the P-gp function of MCF-7/Taxol cells and significantly increased the intracellular paclitaxel level (p < 0.01 versus the PTX group). The results of the MTT assay indicated that the simultaneous transportation of paclitaxel and tariquidar could significantly inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells or MCF-7/Taxol cells. After 48 h of incubation with PTX/TQR NPs@NanoRBC-PEG/FA, the viability of MCF-7 cells and MCF-7/Taxol cells decreased to 7.37% and 30.2%, respectively, and the IC50 values were 2.49 μM and 6.30 μM. Pharmacokinetic results illustrated that, compared with free paclitaxel, all test paclitaxel nanoformulations prolonged the drug release time and showed similar plasma concentration-time profiles. The peak concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC0-∞), and half-life (t1/2) of PTX/TQR NPs@NanoRBC-PEG/FA were 3.33 mg/L, 6.02 mg/L·h, and 5.84 h, respectively. Moreover, this active targeting nanocarrier dramatically increased the paclitaxel level in tumor tissues. Furthermore, compared with those of the other paclitaxel formulations, the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the PTX/TQR NPs@NanoRBC-PEG/FA group increased by 1.38-fold (p < 0.01) and 1.36-fold (p < 0.01), respectively, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased to 67.8% (p < 0.01) and 65.4% (p < 0.001), respectively. More importantly, in vivo antitumor efficacy results proved that the PTX/TQR NPs@NanoRBC-PEG/FA group exerted an outstanding tumor inhibition effect with no marked body weight loss and fewer adverse effects. In conclusion, by utilizing the inherent and advantageous properties of erythrocytes and surface modification strategies, this biomimetic targeted drug delivery system provides a promising platform for the codelivery of an anticancer agent and a P-gp inhibitor to treat MDR in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rishuo Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Puning People's Hospital, Puning 515300, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cui Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510436, China
| | - Linghao Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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20
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Yuan J, Xiao C, Lu H, Yu H, Hong H, Guo C, Wu Z. miR-200b regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion by targeting radixin. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2741-2750. [PMID: 32256756 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radixin is an important member of the Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin protein family that is involved in cell invasion, metastasis and movement. microRNA (miR)-200b is a well-studied microRNA associated with the development of multiple tumors. Previous bioinformatics analysis has demonstrated that miR-200b has a complementary binding site in the 3'-untranslated region of radixin mRNA. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-200b in regulating radixin expression, cell proliferation and invasion in breast cancer. Breast cancer tissues at different Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stages were collected; breast tissues from patients with hyperplasia were used as a control. miR-200b and radixin mRNA expression levels were tested by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Radixin protein expression was detected by western blotting. The highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells were divided into four groups and transfected with a miR-negative control (NC), miR-200b mimic, small interfering (si)RNA-NC or siRNA targeting radixin. Cell invasion was evaluated by Transwell assay and cell proliferation was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining. Compared with the control group, radixin mRNA expression was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues and increased with TNM stage. miR-200b expression levels exhibited the opposite trend. Radixin mRNA expression in breast cancer cells was notably higher, whereas miR-200b expression was lower compared with that in normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells. The expression of radixin was higher, whereas miR-200b was lower in MDA-MB-231 cells compared with that in MCF-7 cells. miR-200b mimic or siRNA-radixin transfection downregulated the expression of radixin in MDA-MB-231 cells and attenuated the invasive and proliferative abilities of these cells. miR-200b-knockdown and radixin overexpression were associated with enhanced cell invasion in breast cancer. In conclusion, miR-200b regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion by targeting radixin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfen Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chunhong Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - HaizHong Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhimei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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21
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Hasib A, Hennayake CK, Bracy DP, Bugler-Lamb AR, Lantier L, Khan F, Ashford MLJ, McCrimmon RJ, Wasserman DH, Kang L. CD44 contributes to hyaluronan-mediated insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E973-E983. [PMID: 31550181 PMCID: PMC6957377 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix hyaluronan is increased in skeletal muscle of high-fat-fed insulin-resistant mice, and reduction of hyaluronan by PEGPH20 hyaluronidase ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance (IR). CD44, the main hyaluronan receptor, is positively correlated with type 2 diabetes. This study determines the role of CD44 in skeletal muscle IR. Global CD44-deficient (cd44-/-) mice and wild-type littermates (cd44+/+) were fed a chow diet or 60% high-fat diet for 16 wk. High-fat-fed cd44-/- mice were also treated with PEGPH20 to evaluate its CD44-dependent action. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (ICv). High-fat feeding increased muscle CD44 protein expression. In the absence of differences in body weight and composition, despite lower clamp insulin during ICv, the cd44-/- mice had sustained glucose infusion rate (GIR) regardless of diet. High-fat diet-induced muscle IR as evidenced by decreased muscle glucose uptake (Rg) was exhibited in cd44+/+ mice but absent in cd44-/- mice. Moreover, gastrocnemius Rg remained unchanged between genotypes on chow diet but was increased in high-fat-fed cd44-/- compared with cd44+/+ when normalized to clamp insulin concentrations. Ameliorated muscle IR in high-fat-fed cd44-/- mice was associated with increased vascularization. In contrast to previously observed increases in wild-type mice, PEGPH20 treatment in high-fat-fed cd44-/- mice did not change GIR or muscle Rg during ICv, suggesting a CD44-dependent action. In conclusion, genetic CD44 deletion improves muscle IR, and the beneficial effects of PEGPH20 are CD44-dependent. These results suggest a critical role of CD44 in promoting hyaluronan-mediated muscle IR, therefore representing a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Hasib
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Chandani K Hennayake
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Deanna P Bracy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aimée R Bugler-Lamb
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Faisel Khan
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centre, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
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22
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Changes in Radixin Expression and Interaction with Efflux Transporters in the Liver of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats. Inflammation 2019; 43:85-94. [PMID: 31654296 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold proteins such as radixin help to modulate the plasma membrane localization and transport activity of the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) efflux transporters in the liver. We examined changes in radixin expression and interaction with efflux transporters in adjuvant-induced arthritic (AA) rats, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as in human liver cancer (HepG2) cells because inflammation affects drug pharmacokinetics via the efflux transporters. The expression levels of radixin and phosphorylated radixin (p-radixin) were measured 24 h after treatment with inflammatory cytokines comprising tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 or sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a nitric oxide donor). The protein levels of radixin, MRP2, and P-gp in the rat liver were next examined. We also investigated whether inflammation affected the formation of complexes between radixin and MRP2 or P-gp. The mRNA and protein levels of radixin in HepG2 cells were significantly decreased by TNF-α treatment, while minimal changes were observed after treatment with IL-1β, IL-6 or SNP. TNF-α also significantly decreased the protein levels of p-radixin, suggesting that TNF-α inhibited the activation of radixin and thereby reduced the activity of the efflux transporters. Complex formation of radixin with MRP2 and P-gp was significantly decreased in AA rats but this was reversed by prednisolone and dexamethasone treatment, indicating that decreased interactions of radixin with MRP2 and P-gp likely occur during liver inflammation. These data suggest that liver inflammation reduces radixin function by decreasing its interactions with MRP2 and P-gp.
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CD44s Assembles Hyaluronan Coat on Filopodia and Extracellular Vesicles and Induces Tumorigenicity of MKN74 Gastric Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030276. [PMID: 30909497 PMCID: PMC6468717 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a multifunctional adhesion molecule typically upregulated in malignant, inflamed and injured tissues. Due to its ability to bind multiple ligands present in the tumor microenvironment, it promotes multiple cellular functions related to tumorigenesis. Recent data has shown that CD44 and its principal ligand hyaluronan (HA) are carried by extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from stem and tumor cells, but the role of CD44 in EV shedding has not been studied so far. To answer this question, we utilized CD44-negative human gastric carcinoma cell line MKN74 manipulated to stably express CD44 standard form (CD44s). The effect of CD44s expression on HA metabolism, EV secretion, morphology and growth of these cells was studied. Interestingly, HAS2 and HYAL2 expression levels were significantly upregulated in CD44s-expressing cells. Cell-associated HA levels were significantly increased, while HA levels in the culture medium of CD44s-positive cells was lower compared to CD44s-negative MOCK cells. CD44s expression had no significant effect on the proliferation capacity of cells, but cells showed diminished contact inhibition. Superresolution imaging revealed that CD44s and HA were accumulated on filopodia and EVs secreted from CD44s-positive cells, but no differences in total numbers of secreted EV between CD44s-negative and -positive cells was detected. In 3D cultures, CD44s-expressing cells had an enhanced invasion capacity in BME gel and increased spheroidal growth when cultured in collagen I gel. No significant differences in mitotic activity, tumor size or morphology were detected in CAM assays. However, a significant increase in HA staining coverage was detected in CD44s-positive tumors. Interestingly, CD44s-positive EVs embedded in HA-rich matrix were detected in the stromal areas of tumors. The results indicate that CD44s expression significantly increases the HA binding capacity of gastric cancer cells, while the secreted HA is downregulated. CD44s is also carried by EVs secreted by CD44s-expressing cells. These findings highlight the potential usefulness of CD44s and its ligands as multipurpose EV biomarkers, because they are upregulated in inflammatory, injured, and cancer cells and accumulate on the surface of EVs secreted in these situations.
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24
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O'Neill CP, Gilligan KE, Dwyer RM. Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Cell Stress Response and Resistance to Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020136. [PMID: 30682793 PMCID: PMC6406503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released by all cells that have been heralded as novel regulators of cell-to-cell communication. It is becoming increasingly clear that in response to a variety of stress conditions, cells employ EV-mediated intercellular communication to transmit a pro-survival message in the tumor microenvironment and beyond, supporting evasion of cell death and transmitting resistance to therapy. Understanding changes in EV cargo and secretion pattern during cell stress may uncover novel, targetable mechanisms underlying disease progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Further, the profile of EVs released into the circulation may provide a circulating biomarker predictive of response to therapy and indicative of microenvironmental conditions linked to disease progression, such as hypoxia. Continued progress in this exciting and rapidly expanding field of research will be dependent upon widespread adoption of transparent reporting standards and implementation of guidelines to establish a consensus on methods of EV isolation, characterisation and nomenclature employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh P O'Neill
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway H91 YR71, Ireland.
| | - Katie E Gilligan
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway H91 YR71, Ireland.
| | - Róisín M Dwyer
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway H91 YR71, Ireland.
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25
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Gawel AM, Godlewska M, Grech-Baran M, Stachurska A, Gawel D. MIX2: A Novel Natural Multi-Component Modulator of Multidrug-Resistance and Hallmarks of Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:334-347. [PMID: 30676767 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1560480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is one of the key barriers suppressing the effectiveness of drug therapies of malignant tumors. Here, we report a study on the effect of a mix of natural extracts (MIX2) prepared from fresh fruits of Prunus spinosa, Crataegus monogyna, Sorbus aucuparia, and Euonymus europaeus on the classic hallmarks of cancer cells and the expression of multidrug resistance proteins. In the studies, HeLa and T98G cell lines, and classic methods of molecular biology, including RT-qPCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal imaging, were used. Additionally, migration, adhesion, and proliferation assays were performed. The obtained results indicate that the MIX2 cocktail presents strong anti-cancer properties. MIX2 is not toxic, but at the same time significantly alters the migration, proliferation, and adhesion of tumor cells. Furthermore, it was found that cells exposed to the mixture presented a significantly reduced expression level of genes associated with MDR, including ABCB1, which encodes for glycoprotein P. In vitro data showed that MIX2 effectively sensitizes tumor cells to doxorubicin. We postulate that modulation of the multidrug resistance phenotype of tumors with the use of MIX2 may be considered as a safe and applicable tool in sustaining drug delivery therapies of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Gawel
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Marta Grech-Baran
- b Laboratory of Plant Pathogenesis , Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Stachurska
- c Department of Immunohematology , Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Damian Gawel
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education , Warsaw , Poland
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26
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Gu HF, Mao XY, Du M. Prevention of breast cancer by dietary polyphenols-role of cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:810-825. [PMID: 30632783 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1551778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. Cancer cells are heterogeneous and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are primarily responsible for tumor relapse, treatment-resistance and metastasis, so for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Diets are known to be associated with carcinogenesis. Food-derived polyphenols are able to attenuate the formation and virulence of BCSCs, implying that these compounds and their analogs might be promising agents for preventing breast cancer. In the present review, we summarized the origin and surface markers of BCSCs and possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of polyphenols on BCSCs. The suppressive effects of common dietary polyphenols against BCSCs, such as curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and related polyphenolic compounds were further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Feng Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ying Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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27
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Taylor J, Bebawy M. Proteins Regulating Microvesicle Biogenesis and Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800165. [PMID: 30520565 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MV) are emerging as important mediators of intercellular communication. While MVs are important signaling vectors for many physiological processes, they are also implicated in cancer pathology and progression. Cellular activation is perhaps the most widely reported initiator of MV biogenesis, however, the precise mechanism remains undefined. Uncovering the proteins involved in regulating MV biogenesis is of interest given their role in the dissemination of deleterious cancer traits. MVs shed from drug-resistant cancer cells transfer multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins to drug-sensitive cells and confer the MDR phenotype in a matter of hours. MDR is attributed to the overexpression of ABC transporters, primarily P-glycoprotein and MRP1. Their expression and functionality is dependent on a number of proteins. In particular, FERM domain proteins have been implicated in supporting the functionality of efflux transporters in drug-resistant cells and in recipient cells during intercellular transfer by vesicles. Herein, the most recent research on the proteins involved in MV biogenesis and in the dissemination of MV-mediated MDR are discussed. Attention is drawn to unanswered questions in the literature that may prove to be of benefit in ongoing efforts to improve clinical response to chemotherapy and circumventing MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Taylor
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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28
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The CD44 variant induces K562 cell acquired with resistance to adriamycin via NF-κB/Snail/Bcl-2 pathway. Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:142-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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29
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Wang P, Magdolen V, Seidl C, Dorn J, Drecoll E, Kotzsch M, Yang F, Schmitt M, Schilling O, Rockstroh A, Clements JA, Loessner D. Kallikrein-related peptidases 4, 5, 6 and 7 regulate tumour-associated factors in serous ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1-9. [PMID: 30287916 PMCID: PMC6189062 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue kallikrein-related peptidases 4, 5, 6 and 7 (KLK4-7) strongly increase the malignancy of ovarian cancer cells. Deciphering their downstream effectors, we aimed at finding new potential prognostic biomarkers and treatment targets for ovarian cancer patients. KLK4-7-transfected (OV-KLK4-7) and vector-control OV-MZ-6 (OV-VC) ovarian cancer cells were established to select differentially regulated factors. METHODS With three independent approaches, PCR arrays, genome-wide microarray and proteome analyses, we identified 10 candidates (MSN, KRT19, COL5A2, COL1A2, BMP5, F10, KRT7, JUNB, BMP4, MMP1). To determine differential protein expression, we performed western blot analyses, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry for four candidates (MSN, KRT19, KRT7, JUNB) in cells, tumour xenograft and patient-derived tissues. RESULTS We demonstrated that KLK4-7 clearly regulates expression of MSN, KRT19, KRT7 and JUNB at the mRNA and protein levels in ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Protein expression of the top-upregulated effectors, MSN and KRT19, was investigated by immunohistochemistry in patients afflicted with serous ovarian cancer and related to KLK4-7 immunoexpression. Significant positive associations were found for KRT19/KLK4, KRT19/KLK5 and MSN/KLK7. CONCLUSION These findings imply that KLK4-7 exert key modulatory effects on other cancer-related genes and proteins in ovarian cancer. These downstream effectors of KLK4-7, MSN and KRT19 may represent important therapeutic targets in serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Seidl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Dorn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enken Drecoll
- Department of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Feng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre of Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith Ann Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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30
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Stavrovskaya AA, Rybalkina EY. Recent Advances in the Studies of Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:779-786. [PMID: 30200862 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918070015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we present new approaches to better understanding multidrug resistance (MDR) development in cancer cells, such as identification of components of a complex process of MDR evolution. Recent advances in the studies of MDR are discussed: 1) chemotherapy agents might be involved in the selection of cancer stem cells resulting in the elevated drug resistance and enhanced tumorigenicity; 2) cell-cell interactions have a great effect on the MDR emergence and evolution; 3) mechanotransduction is an important signaling mechanism in cell-cell interactions; 4) proteins of the ABC transporter family which are often involved in MDR might be transferred between cells via microvesicles (epigenetic MDR regulation); 5) proteins providing cell-to-cell transfer of functional P-glycoprotein (MDR1 protein) via microvesicles have been investigated; 6) P-glycoprotein may serve to regulate apoptosis, as well as transcription and translation of target genes/proteins. Although proving once again that MDR is a complex multi-faceted process, these data open new approaches to overcoming it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Stavrovskaya
- Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
| | - E Yu Rybalkina
- Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
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31
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Yano K, Tomono T, Ogihara T. Advances in Studies of P-Glycoprotein and Its Expression Regulators. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:11-19. [PMID: 29311472 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with recent advances in studies on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and its expression regulators, focusing especially on our own research. Firstly, we describe findings demonstrating that the distribution of P-gp along the small intestine is heterogeneous, which explains why orally administered P-gp substrate drugs often show bimodal changes of plasma concentration. Secondly, we discuss the post-translational regulation of P-gp localization and function by the scaffold proteins ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM proteins), together with recent reports indicating that tissue-specific differences in regulation by ERM proteins in normal tissues might be retained in corresponding cancerous tissues. Thirdly, we review evidence that P-gp activity is enhanced in the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is associated with cancer progression, without any increase in expression of P-gp mRNA. Finally, we describe two examples in which P-gp critically influences the brain distribution of drugs, i.e., oseltamivir, where low levels of P-gp associated with early development allow oseltamivir to enter the brain, potentially resulting in neuropsychiatric side effects in children, and cilnidipine, where impairment of P-gp function in ischemia allows cilnidipine to enter the ischemic brain, where it exerts a neuroprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Takumi Tomono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
| | - Takuo Ogihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
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32
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Samuel P, Mulcahy LA, Furlong F, McCarthy HO, Brooks SA, Fabbri M, Pink RC, Carter DRF. Cisplatin induces the release of extracellular vesicles from ovarian cancer cells that can induce invasiveness and drug resistance in bystander cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0065. [PMID: 29158318 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor overall survival that is partly caused by resistance to drugs such as cisplatin. Resistance can be acquired as a result of changes to the tumour or due to altered interactions within the tumour microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bound vesicles that are loaded with macromolecular cargo and released by cells, are emerging as mediators of communication in the tumour microenvironment. We previously showed that EVs mediate the bystander effect, a phenomenon in which stressed cells can communicate with neighbouring naive cells leading to various effects including DNA damage; however, the role of EVs released following cisplatin treatment has not been tested. Here we show that treatment of cells with cisplatin led to the release of EVs that could induce invasion and increased resistance when taken up by bystander cells. This coincided with changes in p38 and JNK signalling, suggesting that these pathways may be involved in mediating the effects. We also show that EV uptake inhibitors could prevent this EV-mediated adaptive response and thus sensitize cells in vitro to the effects of cisplatin. Our results suggest that preventing pro-tumourigenic EV cross-talk during chemotherapy is a potential therapeutic target for improving outcome in ovarian cancer patients.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Laura Ann Mulcahy
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Fiona Furlong
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Susan Ann Brooks
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
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33
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhou W, Yang M, Ding Y, Wang Q, Hu R. Fasudil increases temozolomide sensitivity and suppresses temozolomide-resistant glioma growth via inhibiting ROCK2/ABCG2. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:190. [PMID: 29416017 PMCID: PMC5833824 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) is a major clinical challenge in glioma treatment, but the mechanisms of TMZ resistance are poorly understood. Here, we provided evidence that ROCK2 acted redundantly to maintain resistance of TMZ in TMZ-resistant gliomas, and as a ROCK2 phosphorylation inhibitor, fasudil significantly suppressed proliferation of TMZ-resistant gliomas in vivo and vitro via enhancing the chemosensitivity of TMZ. Additionally, the membrane translocation of ABCG2 was decreased with fasudil by ROCK2/moesin pathway. We also showed that fasudil suppressed the expression of ABCG2 via ROCK2/moesin/β-catenin pathway. Our results reveal an indispensable role for ROCK2 and provide strong evidence for the therapeutic use of fasudil in the clinical setting for TMZ-resistant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuxi Second Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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Samuel P, Fabbri M, Carter DRF. Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancer: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28941129 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. The mechanisms by which therapeutic resistance arises are multifactorial. Recent evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in mediating drug resistance. EVs are small vesicles carrying a variety of macromolecular cargo released by cells into the extracellular space and can be taken up into recipient cells, resulting in transfer of cellular material. EVs can mediate drug resistance by several mechanisms. They can serve as a pathway for sequestration of cytotoxic drugs, reducing the effective concentration at target sites. They can act as decoys carrying membrane proteins and capturing monoclonal antibodies intended to target receptors at the cell surface. EVs from resistant tumor cells can deliver mRNA, miRNA, long noncoding RNA, and protein inducing resistance in sensitive cells. This provides a new model for how resistance that arises can then spread through a heterogeneous tumor. EVs also mediate cross-talk between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor progression and acquisition of therapeutic resistance. In this review, we will describe what is known about how EVs can induce drug resistance, and discuss the ways in which EVs could be used as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers for managing cancer treatment. While further characterization of the vesiculome and the mechanisms of EV function are still required, EVs offer an exciting opportunity in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Molecular Immunology University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Alam F, Mezhal F, El Hasasna H, Nair VA, Aravind SR, Saber Ayad M, El-Serafi A, Abdel-Rahman WM. The role of p53-microRNA 200-Moesin axis in invasion and drug resistance of breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317714634. [PMID: 28933253 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317714634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the expression of microRNAs in relation to p53 status in breast cancer cells and to delineate the role of Moesin in this axis. We used three isogenic breast carcinoma cell lines MCF7 (with wild-type p53), 1001 (MCF7 with mutated p53), and MCF7-E6 (MCF7 in which p53 function was disrupted). MicroRNA expression was analyzed using microarray analysis and confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The 1001 clone with mutant p53 showed 22 upregulated and 25 downregulated microRNAs. The predicted targets of these 47 microRNAs were >700 human genes belonging to interesting functional groups such as stem cell development and maintenance. The most significantly downregulated microRNAs in the p53-mutant cell line were from the miR-200 family. We focused on miR-200c which targets many transcripts involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition including Moesin. We found that Moesin was expressed in 1001 but not in its p53 wild-type parental MCF7 consistent with the observed mesenchymal features in the 1001, such as vimentin positivity, E-cadherin negativity, and ZEB1 positivity in addition to the morphological changes. After Moesin silencing, the p53-mutant cells 1001 reverted from mesenchymal-to-epithelial phenotype and showed subtle reduction in migration and invasion and loss of ZEB1 and SNAIL expression. Interestingly, Moesin silencing restored the 1001 sensitivity to Doxorubicin. These results indicate that loss of miR-200c, as a consequence of p53 mutation, can upregulate Moesin oncogene and thus promote carcinogenesis. Moesin may play a role in metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Alam
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Mezhal
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussain El Hasasna
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vidhya A Nair
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - S R Aravind
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maha Saber Ayad
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,3 College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,4 Pharmacology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Serafi
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,3 College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,5 Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- 1 Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Pokharel D, Roseblade A, Oenarto V, Lu JF, Bebawy M. Proteins regulating the intercellular transfer and function of P-glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant cancer. Ecancermedicalscience 2017; 11:768. [PMID: 29062386 PMCID: PMC5636210 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2017.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an essential part of anticancer treatment. However, the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the subsequent emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) hampers successful treatment clinically. P-gp is a multidrug efflux transporter that functions to protect cells from xenobiotics by exporting them out from the plasma membrane to the extracellular space. P-gp inhibitors have been developed in an attempt to overcome P-gp-mediated MDR; however, lack of specificity and dose limiting toxicity have limited their effectiveness clinically. Recent studies report on accessory proteins that either directly or indirectly regulate P-gp expression and function and which are necessary for the establishment of the functional phenotype in cancer cells. This review discusses the role of these proteins, some of which have been recently proposed to comprise an interactive complex, and discusses their contribution towards MDR. We also discuss the role of other pathways and proteins in regulating P-gp expression in cells. The potential for these proteins as novel therapeutic targets provides new opportunities to circumvent MDR clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Pokharel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Vici Oenarto
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jamie F Lu
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology and Therapeutics, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Belvedere R, Bizzarro V, Parente L, Petrella F, Petrella A. Effects of Prisma® Skin dermal regeneration device containing glycosaminoglycans on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 12:168-183. [PMID: 28795878 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1340137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prisma® Skin is a new pharmaceutical device developed by Mediolanum Farmaceutici S.p.a. It includes alginates, hyaluronic acid and mainly mesoglycan. The latter is a natural glycosaminoglycan preparation containing chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin and it is used in the treatment of vascular disease. Glycosaminoglycans may contribute to the re-epithelialization in the skin wound healing, as components of the extracellular matrix. Here we describe, for the first time, the effects of Prisma® Skin in in vitro cultures of adult epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Once confirmed the lack of cytotoxicity by mesoglycan and Prisma® Skin, we have shown the increase of S and G2 phases of fibroblasts cell cycle distribution. We further report the strong induction of cell migration rate and invasion capability on both cell lines, two key processes of wound repair. In support of these results, we found significant cytoskeletal reorganization, following the treatments with mesoglycan and Prisma® Skin, as confirmed by the formation of F-actin stress fibers. Additionally, together with a significant reduction of E-cadherin, keratinocytes showed an increase of CD44 expression and the translocation of ezrin to the plasma membrane, suggesting the involvement of CD44/ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin) pathway in the induction of the analyzed processes. Furthermore, as showed by immunofluorescence assay, fibroblasts treated with mesoglycan and Prisma® Skin exhibited the increase of Fibroblast Activated Protein α and a remarkable change in shape and orientation, two common features of reactive stromal fibroblasts. In all experiments Prisma® Skin was slightly more potent than mesoglycan. In conclusion, based on these findings we suggest that Prisma® Skin may be able to accelerate the healing process in venous skin ulcers, principally enhancing re-epithelialization and granulation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Belvedere
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano, Salerno , Italy
| | - Valentina Bizzarro
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano, Salerno , Italy
| | - Luca Parente
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano, Salerno , Italy
| | - Francesco Petrella
- b Primary Care - Wound Care Service , Health Local Agency Naples 3 South , Portici, Napoli , Italy
| | - Antonello Petrella
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Salerno , Fisciano, Salerno , Italy
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Zhao L, Zhao Y, He Y, Mao Y. miR-19b promotes breast cancer metastasis through targeting MYLIP and its related cell adhesion molecules. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64330-64343. [PMID: 28969074 PMCID: PMC5610006 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-19b is a key molecule for cancer development, however its crucial roles in breast cancer metastasis are rarely studied right now. In this study, using several bioinformatics databases to predict the downstream targets for miR-19b, we verified that a novel target gene, myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP), could be directly down-regulated by miR-19b through its 3′-UTR region. MYLIP belongs to the cytoskeletal protein clusters and is involved in the regulation of cell movement and migration. We further explored that miR-19b was highly expressed and negatively correlated with MYLIP expression in breast cancer patient samples from the TCGA database. And the over-expression of miR-19b or inhibition of MYLIP facilitated the migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells, through conducting the wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Additionally, miR-19b could obviously promote breast tumor growth in mouse models and affect the expressions of cell adhesion molecules (including E-Cadherin, ICAM-1 and Integrin β1) by down-regulating E-Cadherin expression and up-regulating ICAM-1 and Integrin β1 expressions in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, miR-19b effectively activated the Integrin β downstream signaling pathways (such as the Ras-MAPK pathway and the PI3K-AKT pathway) and elevated the expression levels of essential genes in these two pathways. Taken together, these findings comprehensively illustrate the regulatory mechanisms ofmiR-19b in breast cancer metastasis, and provide us new insights for exploring MYLIP and its related cell adhesion molecules as promising therapeutic targets to interfere breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yuelong Zhao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yanong He
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yitao Mao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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39
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A novel mechanism governing the transcriptional regulation of ABC transporters in MDR cancer cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:276-285. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Special Issue: New Approaches to Counteract Drug Resistance in Cancer. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010006. [PMID: 28025535 PMCID: PMC6155694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Pokharel D, Wijesinghe P, Oenarto V, Lu JF, Sampson DD, Kennedy BF, Wallace VP, Bebawy M. Deciphering Cell-to-Cell Communication in Acquisition of Cancer Traits: Extracellular Membrane Vesicles Are Regulators of Tissue Biomechanics. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:462-9. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Pokharel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vici Oenarto
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Jamie F. Lu
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vincent P. Wallace
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, The Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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Nascimento TL, Hillaireau H, Vergnaud J, Fattal E. Lipid-based nanosystems for CD44 targeting in cancer treatment: recent significant advances, ongoing challenges and unmet needs. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1865-87. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive experimental evidence demonstrates the important role of hyaluronic acid (HA)-CD44 interaction in cell proliferation and migration, inflammation and tumor growth. Taking advantage of this interaction, the design of HA-modified nanocarriers has been investigated for targeting CD44-overexpressing cells with the purpose of delivering drugs to cancer or inflammatory cells. The effect of such modification on targeting efficacy is influenced by several factors. In this review, we focus on the impact of HA-modification on the characteristics of lipid-based nanoparticles. We try to understand how these modifications influence particle physicochemical properties, interaction with CD44 receptors, intracellular trafficking pathways, toxicity, complement/macrophage activation and pharmacokinetics. Our aim is to provide insight in tailoring particle modification by HA in order to design more efficient CD44-targeting lipid nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Leite Nascimento
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8612, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília – DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8612, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Juliette Vergnaud
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8612, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR 8612, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Kumar M, Padula MP, Davey P, Pernice M, Jiang Z, Sablok G, Contreras-Porcia L, Ralph PJ. Proteome Analysis Reveals Extensive Light Stress-Response Reprogramming in the Seagrass Zostera muelleri (Alismatales, Zosteraceae) Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2023. [PMID: 28144245 PMCID: PMC5239797 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are marine ecosystem engineers that are currently declining in abundance at an alarming rate due to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances in ecological niches. Despite reports on the morphological and physiological adaptations of seagrasses to extreme environments, little is known of the molecular mechanisms underlying photo-acclimation, and/or tolerance in these marine plants. This study applies the two-dimensional isoelectric focusing (2D-IEF) proteomics approach to identify photo-acclimation/tolerance proteins in the marine seagrass Zostera muelleri. For this, Z. muelleri was exposed for 10 days in laboratory mesocosms to saturating (control, 200 μmol photons m-2 s-1), super-saturating (SSL, 600 μmol photons m-2 s-1), and limited light (LL, 20 μmol photons m-2 s-1) irradiance conditions. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, 93 and 40 protein spots were differentially regulated under SSL and LL conditions, respectively, when compared to the control. In contrast to the LL condition, Z. muelleri robustly tolerated super-saturation light than control conditions, evidenced by their higher relative maximum electron transport rate and minimum saturating irradiance values. Proteomic analyses revealed up-regulation and/or appearances of proteins belonging to the Calvin-Benson and Krebs cycle, glycolysis, the glycine cleavage system of photorespiration, and the antioxidant system. These proteins, together with those from the inter-connected glutamate-proline-GABA pathway, shaped Z. muelleri photosynthesis and growth under SSL conditions. In contrast, the LL condition negatively impacted the metabolic activities of Z. muelleri by down-regulating key metabolic enzymes for photosynthesis and the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids, which is consistent with the observation with lower photosynthetic performance under LL condition. This study provides novel insights into the underlying molecular photo-acclimation mechanisms in Z. muelleri, in addition to identifying protein-based biomarkers that could be used as early indicators to detect acute/chronic light stress in seagrasses to monitor seagrass health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Manoj Kumar
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Davey
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaurav Sablok
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Loretto Contreras-Porcia
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres BelloSantiago, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Peter J. Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)Sydney, NSW, Australia
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