1
|
Capasso C, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase and bacterial metabolism: a chance for antibacterial drug discovery. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38506448 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2332663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) play a pivotal role in the regulation of carbon dioxide , bicarbonate, and hydrogen ions within bacterial cells, ensuring pH homeostasis and facilitating energy production. We conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) to examine the intricate interplay between CAs and bacterial metabolism, revealing the potential of CA inhibitors (CAIs) as innovative therapeutic agents against pathogenic bacteria. AREA COVERED Inhibition of bacterial CAs was explored in various pathogens, emphasizing the CA roles in microbial virulence, survival, and adaptability. Escherichia coli, a valid and convenient model microorganism, was recently used to investigate the effects of acetazolamide (AAZ) on the bacterial life cycle. Furthermore, the effectiveness of CAIs against pathogenic bacteria has been further substantiated for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. EXPERT OPINION CAIs target bacterial metabolic pathways, offering alternatives to conventional therapies. They hold promise against drug-resistant microorganisms such as VRE and N. gonorrhoeae strains. CAIs offer promising avenues for addressing antibiotic resistance and underscore their potential as novel antibacterial agents. Recognizing the central role of CAs in bacterial growth and pathogenicity will pave the way for innovative infection control and treatment strategies possibly also for other antibiotic resistant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Supuran CT. A simple yet multifaceted 90 years old, evergreen enzyme: Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibition and activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129411. [PMID: 37507055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) research over the last three decades are presented, with an emphasis on the deciphering of the activation mechanism, the development of isoform-selective inhibitors/ activators by the tail approach and their applications in the management of obesity, hypoxic tumors, neurological conditions, and as antiinfectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Supuran CT. An overview of novel antimicrobial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:897-910. [PMID: 37747071 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2263914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four different genetic families of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are present in bacteria, α-, β-, γ- and ι-CAs. They play relevant functions related to CO2, HCO3-/H+ ions homeostasis, being involved in metabolic biosynthetic pathways, pH regulation, and represent virulence and survival factors for bacteria in various niches. Bacterial CAs started to be considered druggable targets in the last decade, as their inhibition impairs survival, growth, and virulence of these pathogens. AREAS COVERED Significant advances were registered in the last years for designing effective inhibitors of sulfonamide type for Helicobacter pylori α-CA, Neisseria gonorrhoeae α-CA, vacomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) α- and γ-CAs, for which the in vivo validation has also been achieved. MIC-s in the range of 0.25-4.0 µg/mL for wild type and drug resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains, and of 0.007-2.0 µg/mL for VRE were observed for some 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamides, and acetazolamide was effective in gut decolonization from VRE. EXPERT OPINION Targeting bacterial CAs from other pathogens, among which Vibrio cholerae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella suis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Legionella pneumophila, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus mutans, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Francisella tularensis, Escherichia coli, Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, may lead to novel antibacterials devoid of drug resistance problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A Combined in Silico and Structural Study Opens New Perspectives on Aliphatic Sulfonamides, a Still Poorly Investigated Class of CA Inhibitors. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020281. [PMID: 36829558 PMCID: PMC9953064 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic sulfonamides are an interesting class of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) proven to be effective for several carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms involved in pathologic states. Here we report the crystallographic structures of hCA II in complex with two aliphatic sulfonamides incorporating coumarin rings, which showed a good inhibition and selectivity for this isoform. Although these two molecules have a very similar chemical structure, differing only in the substitution of the two aliphatic hydrogen atoms with two fluorine atoms, they adopt a significantly different binding mode within the enzyme active site. Theoretical binding free energy calculations, performed to rationalize these data, showed that a delicate balance of electrostatic and steric effects modulate the protein-ligand interactions. Data presented here can be fruitfully used for the rational design of novel and effective isozyme-specific inhibitor molecules.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nocentini A, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Novel Antibacterials in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance: Where Are We Now? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010142. [PMID: 36671343 PMCID: PMC9854953 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotic treatment developed by bacteria in humans and animals occurs when the microorganisms resist treatment with clinically approved antibiotics. Actions must be implemented to stop the further development of antibiotic resistance and the subsequent emergence of superbugs. Medication repurposing/repositioning is one strategy that can help find new antibiotics, as it speeds up drug development phases. Among them, the Zn2+ ion binders, such as sulfonamides and their bioisosteres, are considered the most promising compounds to obtain novel antibacterials, thus avoiding antibiotic resistance. Sulfonamides and their bioisosteres have drug-like properties well-known for decades and are suitable lead compounds for developing new pharmacological agent families for inhibiting carbonic anhydrases (CAs). CAs are a superfamily of metalloenzymes catalyzing the reversible reaction of CO2 hydration to HCO3- and H+, being present in most bacteria in multiple genetic families (α-, β-, γ- and ι-classes). These enzymes, acting as CO2 transducers, are promising drug targets because their activity influences microbe proliferation, biosynthetic pathways, and pathogen persistence in the host. In their natural or slightly modified scaffolds, sulfonamides/sulfamates/sulamides inhibit CAs in vitro and in vivo, in mouse models infected with antibiotic-resistant strains, confirming thus their role in contrasting bacterial antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (C.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di Fiore A, De Luca V, Langella E, Nocentini A, Buonanno M, Maria Monti S, Supuran CT, Capasso C, De Simone G. Biochemical, structural, and computational studies of a γ-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4185-4194. [PMID: 36016712 PMCID: PMC9389205 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is a severe disease caused
Burkholderia pseudomallei. γ-carbonic anhydrases (γ-CAs) have been recently
introduced as novel antibacterial drug targets. A new γ-CA from B.
pseudomallei has been investigated by a
multidisciplinary approach. Obtained results provide an important starting point
for developing new anti-melioidosis drugs.
Melioidosis is a severe disease caused by the highly
pathogenic gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia
pseudomallei. Several studies have highlighted the broad
resistance of this pathogen to many antibiotics and pointed out the pivotal
importance of improving the pharmacological arsenal against it. Since γ-carbonic
anhydrases (γ-CAs) have been recently introduced as potential and novel
antibacterial drug targets, in this paper, we report a detailed characterization
of BpsγCA, a γ-CA from B.
pseudomallei by a multidisciplinary approach. In
particular, the enzyme was recombinantly produced and biochemically
characterized. Its catalytic activity at different pH values was measured, the
crystal structure was determined and theoretical pKa calculations were carried
out. Results provided a snapshot of the enzyme active site and dissected the
role of residues involved in the catalytic mechanism and ligand recognition.
These findings are an important starting point for developing new
anti-melioidosis drugs targeting BpsγCA.
Collapse
|
7
|
Vincent J, Colin B, Lanneluc I, Sabot R, Sopéna V, Turcry P, Mahieux PY, Refait P, Jeannin M, Sablé S. New Biocalcifying Marine Bacterial Strains Isolated from Calcareous Deposits and Immediate Surroundings. Microorganisms 2021; 10:76. [PMID: 35056526 PMCID: PMC8778039 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bacterial biomineralisation by CaCO3 precipitation provides natural limestone structures, like beachrocks and stromatolites. Calcareous deposits can also be abiotically formed in seawater at the surface of steel grids under cathodic polarisation. In this work, we showed that this mineral-rich alkaline environment harbours bacteria belonging to different genera able to induce CaCO3 precipitation. We previously isolated 14 biocalcifying marine bacteria from electrochemically formed calcareous deposits and their immediate environment. By microscopy and µ-Raman spectroscopy, these bacterial strains were shown to produce calcite-type CaCO3. Identification by 16S rDNA sequencing provided between 98.5 and 100% identity with genera Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudidiomarina, Epibacterium, Virgibacillus, Planococcus, and Bhargavaea. All 14 strains produced carbonic anhydrase, and six were urease positive. Both proteins are major enzymes involved in the biocalcification process. However, this does not preclude that one or more other metabolisms could also be involved in the process. In the presence of urea, Virgibacillus halodenitrificans CD6 exhibited the most efficient precipitation of CaCO3. However, the urease pathway has the disadvantage of producing ammonia, a toxic molecule. We showed herein that different marine bacteria could induce CaCO3 precipitation without urea. These bacteria could then be used for eco-friendly applications, e.g., the formation of bio-cements to strengthen dikes and delay coastal erosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Vincent
- Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7266 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (J.V.); (B.C.); (I.L.); (V.S.)
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7356 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.S.); (P.T.); (P.-Y.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Béatrice Colin
- Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7266 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (J.V.); (B.C.); (I.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Isabelle Lanneluc
- Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7266 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (J.V.); (B.C.); (I.L.); (V.S.)
| | - René Sabot
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7356 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.S.); (P.T.); (P.-Y.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Valérie Sopéna
- Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7266 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (J.V.); (B.C.); (I.L.); (V.S.)
| | - Philippe Turcry
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7356 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.S.); (P.T.); (P.-Y.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Pierre-Yves Mahieux
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7356 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.S.); (P.T.); (P.-Y.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Philippe Refait
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7356 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.S.); (P.T.); (P.-Y.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Marc Jeannin
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Ingénieur pour l’Environnement, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7356 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (R.S.); (P.T.); (P.-Y.M.); (P.R.)
| | - Sophie Sablé
- Laboratoire Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, La Rochelle Université, UMR 7266 CNRS, 17000 La Rochelle, France; (J.V.); (B.C.); (I.L.); (V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Urbanski LJ, Bua S, Angeli A, Kuuslahti M, Hytönen VP, Supuran CT, Parkkila S. Sulphonamide inhibition profile of Staphylococcus aureus β-carbonic anhydrase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1834-1839. [PMID: 32972256 PMCID: PMC7534311 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1826942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the production and kinetic and inhibitory characterisation of β-carbonic anhydrase from the opportunistic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (SauBCA). From the eight different carbonic anhydrase (CA) families known to date, humans have only the α-form, whereas many clinically relevant pathogens have β- and/or γ-form(s). Based on this discovery, β- and γ-CAs have been introduced as promising new anti-infective targets. The results of this study revealed that recombinant SauBCA possesses significant CO2 hydration activity with a kcat of 1.46 × 105 s-1 and a kcat/KM of 2.56 × 107 s- 1M-1. Its enzymatic function was inhibited by various sulphonamides in the nanomolar - micromolar range, and the Ki of acetazolamide was 628 nM. The best inhibitor was the clinically used sulfamide agent famotidine (Ki of 71 nM). The least efficient inhibitors were zonisamide and dorzolamide. Our work encourages further investigations of SauBCA in an attempt to discover novel drugs against staphylococcal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Urbanski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Silvia Bua
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Marianne Kuuslahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Urbański LJ, Di Fiore A, Azizi L, Hytönen VP, Kuuslahti M, Buonanno M, Monti SM, Angeli A, Zolfaghari Emameh R, Supuran CT, De Simone G, Parkkila S. Biochemical and structural characterisation of a protozoan beta-carbonic anhydrase from Trichomonas vaginalis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1292-1299. [PMID: 32515610 PMCID: PMC7717681 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1774572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the biochemical and structural characterisation of a beta-carbonic anhydrase (β-CA) from Trichomonas vaginalis, a unicellular parasite responsible for one of the world’s leading sexually transmitted infections, trichomoniasis. CAs are ubiquitous metalloenzymes belonging to eight evolutionarily divergent groups (α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, and ι); humans express only α-CAs, whereas many clinically significant pathogens express only β- and/or γ-CAs. For this reason, the latter two groups of CAs are promising biomedical targets for novel antiinfective agents. The β-CA from T. vaginalis (TvaCA1) was recombinantly produced and biochemically characterised. The crystal structure was determined, revealing the canonical dimeric fold of β-CAs and the main features of the enzyme active site. The comparison with the active site of human CA enzymes revealed significant differences that can be exploited for the design of inhibitors selective for the protozoan enzyme with respect to the human ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marianne Kuuslahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona M Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ali M, Angeli A, Bozdag M, Carta F, Capasso C, Farooq U, Supuran CT. Benzylaminoethylureido-Tailed Benzenesulfonamides Show Potent Inhibitory Activity against Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2444-2447. [PMID: 32966693 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzylaminoethylureido-tailed benzenesulfonamides was analyzed for their inhibition potential against bacterial carbonic anhydrases (CAs) such as VhCA α, β, and γ from Vibrio cholerae, and BpsCA β and γ-CAs from Burkholderia pseudomallei. Growing drug resistance against antibiotics demands alternative targets and mechanisms of action. As CA is essential for the survival of bacteria, such enzymes have the potential for developing new antibiotics. Most of the compounds presented excellent inhibition potential against VhCA γ compared to α and β, with Ki values in the range of 82.5-191.4 nM. Several sulfonamides exhibited excellent inhibition against BpsCA β with Ki values in the range of 394-742.8 nM. Recently it has been demonstrated that sufonamide CA inhibitors are effective against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. These data show that CA inhibition of pathogenic bacteria may lead to a new class of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers - "Petru Poni", Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Murat Bozdag
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Del Prete S, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Bacterial ι-carbonic anhydrase: a new active class of carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia territorii. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1060-1068. [PMID: 32314608 PMCID: PMC7191908 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1755852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyse a simple but physiologically crucial reversible reaction, the carbon dioxide hydration with the production of bicarbonate and protons. In the last years, and especially, to the rapid emergence of the bacterial antibiotic resistance that is occurring worldwide, the understanding of the function of bacterial CAs has increased significantly. Recently, a new CA-class (ι-CA) was discovered in the marine diatom T. pseudonana. It has been reported that bacterial genomes may contain genes with relevant homology to the diatom ι-class CA. Still, the catalytic activity of the enzyme encoded by the gene was not investigated. Thus, herein, for the first time, we cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant bacterial ι-CA (acronym BteCAι) identified in the genome of Burkholderia territorii. The recombinant BteCAι resulted in a good catalyst for the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons, with a kcat of 3.0 × 105 s -1 and kcat/KM of 3.9 × 107 M -1 s -1, and is also sensitive to inhibition by the sulphonamide acetazolamide. Furthermore, with the aid of the protonography, it has been demonstrated that BteCAι can be present as a dimer. This result is corroborated by the construction of a molecular model of BteCAι, which showed that the enzyme is formed by two equivalent monomers having a structure similar to a butterfly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Supuran CT, Capasso C. Antibacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: an update on the recent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:963-982. [PMID: 32806966 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1811853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinically licensed drugs used as antibiotics prevent the microbial growth interfering with the biosynthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, microorganism wall biosynthesis or wall permeability, and microbial metabolic pathways. A serious, emerging problem is the arisen of extensive drug resistance afflicting most countries worldwide. AREAS COVERED An exciting approach to fight drug resistance is the identification of essential enzymes encoded by pathogen genomes. Inhibition of such enzymes may impair microbial growth or virulence due to interference with crucial metabolic processes. Genome exploration of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms has revealed carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) as possible antibacterial targets. EXPERT OPINION Balancing the equilibrium between CO2 and HCO3 - is essential for microbial metabolism and is regulated by at least four classes of CAs. Classical CA inhibitors (CAIs) such as ethoxzolamide were shown to kill the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori in vitro, whereas acetazolamide and some of its more lipophilic derivatives were shown to be effective against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., with MICs in the range of 0.007-2 µg/mL, better than linezolid, the only clinically used agent available to date. Such results reinforce the rationale of considering existing and newly designed CAIs as antibacterials with an alternative mechanism of action.
Collapse
|
13
|
Del Prete S, De Luca V, Nocentini A, Scaloni A, Mastrolorenzo MD, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Anion Inhibition Studies of the Beta-Carbonic Anhydrase from Escherichia coli. Molecules 2020; 25:E2564. [PMID: 32486444 PMCID: PMC7321114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interconversion of CO2 and HCO3- is catalyzed by a superfamily of metalloenzymes, known as carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1), which maintain the equilibrium between dissolved inorganic CO2 and HCO3-. In the genome of Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium typically colonizing the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms, the cyn operon gene includes the CynT gene, encoding for a β-CA, and CynS gene, encoding for the cyanase. CynT (β-CA) prevents the depletion of the cellular bicarbonate, which is further used in the reaction catalyzed by cyanase. A second β-CA (CynT2 or Can or yadF), as well as a γ and ι-CAs were also identified in the E. coli genome. CynT2 is essential for bacterial growth at atmospheric CO2 concentration. Here, we characterized the kinetic properties and the anion inhibition profiles of recombinant CynT2. The enzyme showed a good activity for the physiological CO2 hydratase reaction with the following parameters: kcat = 5.3 × 105 s-1 and kcat/KM = of 4.1 × 107 M-1 s-1. Sulfamide, sulfamate, phenylboronic acid, phenylarsonic acid, and diethyldithiocarbamate were the most effective CynT2 inhibitors (KI = 2.5 to 84 µM). The anions allowed for a detailed understanding of the interaction of inhibitors with the amino acid residues surrounding the catalytic pocket of the enzyme and may be used as leads for the design of more efficient and specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.P.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.P.); (V.D.L.)
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy,
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.N.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy,
| | - Margaret D. Mastrolorenzo
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.N.); (M.D.M.)
- University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 3425 Lebon Drive, Unit 918, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.N.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.P.); (V.D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Angeli A, Ferraroni M, Pinteala M, Maier SS, Simionescu BC, Carta F, Del Prete S, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Crystal Structure of a Tetrameric Type II β-Carbonic Anhydrase from the Pathogenic Bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102269. [PMID: 32408533 PMCID: PMC7287614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and proton. Currently, CA inhibitors are widely used as antiglaucoma, anticancer, and anti-obesity drugs and for the treatment of neurological disorders. Recently, the potential use of CA inhibitors to fight infections caused by protozoa, fungi, and bacteria has emerged as a new research line. In this article, the X-ray crystal structure of β-CA from Burkholderia pseudomallei was reported. The X-ray crystal structure of this new enzyme was solved at 2.7 Å resolution, revealing a tetrameric type II β-CA with a “closed” active site in which the zinc is tetrahedrally coordinated to Cys46, Asp48, His102, and Cys105. B. pseudomallei is known to encode at least two CAs, a β-CA, and a γ-CA. These proteins, playing a pivotal role in its life cycle and pathogenicity, offer a novel therapeutic opportunity to obtain antibiotics with a different mechanism of action. Furthermore, the new structure can provide a clear view of the β-CA mechanism of action and the possibility to find selective inhibitors for this class of CAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.)
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Via della Lastruccia 13, Università degli Studi di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Stelian S. Maier
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (B.C.S.)
- Polymers Research Center, Polymeric Release Systems Research Group, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan C. Simionescu
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.P.); (S.S.M.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (C.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Angeli A, Del Prete S, Pinteala M, Maier SS, Donald WA, Simionescu BC, Capasso C, Supuran CT. The first activation study of the β-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacteria Brucella suis and Francisella tularensis with amines and amino acids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1178-1185. [PMID: 31282230 PMCID: PMC6691884 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1630617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the β-class carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the bacteria Brucella suis and Francisella tularensis with amine and amino acids was investigated. BsuCA 1 was sensitive to activation with amino acids and amines, whereas FtuCA was not. The most effective BsuCA 1 activators were L-adrenaline and D-Tyr (KAs of 0.70–0.95 µM). L-His, L-/D-Phe, L-/D-DOPA, L-Trp, L-Tyr, 4-amino-L-Phe, dopamine, 2-pyridyl-methylamine, D-Glu and L-Gln showed activation constants in the range of 0.70–3.21 µM. FtuCA was sensitive to activation with L-Glu (KA of 9.13 µM). Most of the investigated compounds showed a weak activating effect against FtuCA (KAs of 30.5–78.3 µM). Many of the investigated amino acid and amines are present in high concentrations in many tissues in vertebrates, and their role in the pathogenicity of the two bacteria is poorly understood. Our study may bring insights in processes connected with invasion and pathogenic effects of intracellular bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- a Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- b Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- c Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department , "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Iasi , Romania
| | - Stelian S Maier
- c Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department , "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Iasi , Romania.,d Polymers Research Center, Polymeric Release Systems Research Group , "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi , Iasi , Romania
| | - William A Donald
- e School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Bogdan C Simionescu
- c Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department , "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Iasi , Romania
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Sesto Fiorentino , Italy.,e School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Akdemir A, Angeli A, Göktaş F, Eraslan Elma P, Karalı N, Supuran CT. Novel 2-indolinones containing a sulfonamide moiety as selective inhibitors of candida β-carbonic anhydrase enzyme. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:528-531. [PMID: 30724625 PMCID: PMC6366411 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1564045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from pathogenic Candida glabrata (CgNce103) by 1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-[N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)thiosemicarbazones] 4a–m was investigated. All the compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of CgNce103, with inhibition constants in the range of 6.4-63.9 nM. The 5,7-dichloro substituted derivative 4l showed the most effective inhibition (KI of 6.4 nM) as well as the highest selectivity for inhibiting CgNce103 over the cytosolic human (h) isoforms hCA I and II. A possible binding interaction of compound 4l within the active site of CgNce103 has been proposed based on docking studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Akdemir
- a Computer-aided drug discovery laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Andrea Angeli
- b Sezione di Scienza Farmaceutiche, Neurofarba Department , Universita degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Füsun Göktaş
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Pınar Eraslan Elma
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Nilgün Karalı
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Sezione di Scienza Farmaceutiche, Neurofarba Department , Universita degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sulfonamide Inhibition Studies of a New β-Carbonic Anhydrase from the Pathogenic Protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123946. [PMID: 30544802 PMCID: PMC6321117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly described β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, EhiCA, was recently shown to possess a significant catalytic activity for the physiologic CO2 hydration reaction (kcat of 6.7 × 105 s−1 and a kcat/Km of 8.9 × 107 M−1 s−1). A panel of sulfonamides and one sulfamate, some of which are clinically used drugs, were investigated for their inhibitory properties against EhiCA. The best inhibitors detected in the study were 4-hydroxymethyl/ethyl-benzenesulfonamide (KIs of 36–89 nM), whereas some sulfanilyl-sulfonamides showed activities in the range of 285–331 nM. Acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, and dichlorophenamide were less effective inhibitors (KIs of 509–845 nM) compared to other sulfonamides investigated here. As β-CAs are not present in vertebrates, the present study may be useful for detecting lead compounds for the design of more effective inhibitors with potential to develop anti-infectives with alternative mechanisms of action.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vullo D, Del Prete S, Osman SM, Alasmary FAS, AlOthman Z, Donald WA, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Comparison of the amine/amino acid activation profiles of the β- and γ-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:25-30. [PMID: 29098887 PMCID: PMC6009869 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1387544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, BpsCAβ, that is responsible for the tropical disease melioidosis was investigated for its activation with natural and non-natural amino acids and amines. Previously, the γ-CA from this bacterium has been investigated with the same library of 19 amines/amino acids, which show very potent activating effects on both enzymes. The most effective BpsCAβ activators were L- and D-DOPA, L- and D-Trp, L-Tyr, 4-amino-L-Phe, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, 2-pyridyl-methylamine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)-piperazine and L-adrenaline with KAs of 0.9-27 nM. Less effective activators were D-His, L- and D-Phe, D-Tyr, 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine and 4-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine with KAs of 73 nM-3.42 µM. The activation of CAs from bacteria, such as BpsCAγ/β, has not been considered previously for possible biomedical applications. It would be of interest to perform studies in which bacteria are cultivated in the presence of CA activators, which may contribute to understanding processes connected with the virulence and colonization of the host by pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vullo
- Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Università degliStudi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- CNR, Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A. S. Alasmary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - William A. Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cloning, Characterization and Anion Inhibition Studies of a β-Carbonic Anhydrase from the Pathogenic Protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123112. [PMID: 30486513 PMCID: PMC6321543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the cloning and catalytic activity of a β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), isolated from the pathogenic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, EhiCA. This enzyme has a high catalytic activity for the physiologic CO2 hydration reaction, with a kcat of 6.7 × 105 s−1 and a kcat/Km of 8.9 × 107 M−1 × s−1. An anion inhibition study of EhiCA with inorganic/organic anions and small molecules revealed that fluoride, chloride, cyanide, azide, pyrodiphosphate, perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate and sulfamic acid did not inhibit the enzyme activity, whereas pseudohalides (cyanate and thiocyanate), bicarbonate, nitrate, nitrite, diethyldithiocarbamate, and many complex inorganic anions showed inhibition in the millimolar range (KIs of 0.51–8.4 mM). The best EhiCA inhibitors were fluorosulfonate, sulfamide, phenylboronic acid and phenylarsonic acid (KIs in the range of 28–86 μM). Since β-CAs are not present in vertebrates, the present study may be useful for detecting lead compounds for the design of effective enzyme inhibitors, with potential to develop anti-infectives with alternative mechanisms of action.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rasti B, Mazraedoost S, Panahi H, Falahati M, Attar F. New insights into the selective inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrases of pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei and Francisella tularensis: a proteochemometrics study. Mol Divers 2018; 23:263-273. [PMID: 30120657 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, antibiotic resistance has turned into one of the most important worldwide health problems. Biological end point of critical enzymes induced by potent inhibitors is recently being considered as a highly effective and popular strategy to defeat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. For instance, the simple but critical β-carbonic anhydrase has recently been in the center of attention for anti-pathogen drug discoveries. However, no β-carbonic anhydrase selective inhibitor has yet been developed. Available β-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are also highly potent with regard to human carbonic anhydrases, leading to severe inevitable side effects in case of usage. Therefore, developing novel inhibitors with high selectivity against pathogenic β-carbonic anhydrases is of great essence. Herein, for the first time, we have conducted a proteochemometric study to explore the structural and the chemical aspects of the interactions governed by bacterial β-carbonic anhydrases and their inhibitors. We have found valuable information which can lead to designing novel inhibitors with better selectivity for bacterial β-carbonic anhydrases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Rasti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Sargol Mazraedoost
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Lahijan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Panahi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hydration/dehydration of CO2 catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) is a crucial physiological reaction for the survival of all living organisms because it is connected with numerous biosynthetic and biochemical pathways requiring CO2 or HCO3-, such as respiration, photosynthesis, carboxylation reactions, pH homeostasis, secretion of electrolytes, transport of CO2, bicarbonate, etc. AREAS COVERED The bacterial genome encodes CAs belonging to the α-, β-, and γ-CA classes able to ensure the survival and/or satisfying the metabolic needs of the bacteria, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. The discovery of new anti-infectives that target new bacterial pathways, such as those involving CAs, may lead to effective therapies against diseases subject to the antibiotic resistance. This aspect is important in pharmaceutical and biomedical research but received little attention till recently. EXPERT OPINION An overview of the potential use of CAs in biomedical applications, as drug targets, bioindicators, and within artificial organs is presented. The discovery of thermostable bacterial CAs allowed the use of CAs in biotechnological applications, but patents related to the use of bacterial CAs in the development of pharmacological agents are scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- a Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Angeli A, Alasmary FAS, Del Prete S, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Donald WA, Capasso C, Supuran CT. The first activation study of a δ-carbonic anhydrase: TweCAδ from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii is effectively activated by amines and amino acids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29536765 PMCID: PMC6009927 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1447570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the δ-class carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii (TweCAδ) was investigated using a panel of natural and non-natural amino acids and amines. The most effective activator of TweCAδ was d-Tyr (KA of 51 nM), whereas several other amino acids and amines, such as L-His, L-Trp, d-Trp, dopamine and serotonin were submicromolar activators (KAs from 0.51 to 0.93 µM). The most ineffective activator of TweCAδ was 4-amino-l-Phe (18.9 µM), whereas d-His, l-/d-Phe, l-/d-DOPA, l-Tyr, histamine, some pyridyl-alkylamines, l-adrenaline and aminoethyl-piperazine/morpholine were moderately potent activators (KAs from 1.34 to 8.16 µM). For any δ-CA, there are no data on the crystal structure, homology modelling and the amino acid residues that are responsible for proton transfer to the active site are currently unknown making it challenging to provide a detailed rational for these findings. However, these data provide further evidence that this class of underexplored CA deserves more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- a Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Fatmah A S Alasmary
- b Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- a Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy.,c Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Sameh M Osman
- b Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- b Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - William A Donald
- d School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy.,d School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Angeli A, Tanini D, Capperucci A, Supuran CT. First evaluation of organotellurium derivatives as carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV, VII and IX inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:268-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Peperidou A, Bua S, Bozdag M, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Supuran CT. Novel 6- and 7-Substituted Coumarins with Inhibitory Action against Lipoxygenase and Tumor-Associated Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Molecules 2018; 23:E153. [PMID: 29329232 PMCID: PMC6017447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of carboxamide derivatives of 6- and 7-substituted coumarins have been prepared by an original procedure starting from the corresponding 6- or 7-hydroxycoumarins which were alkylated with ethyl iodoacetate, and the obtained ester was converted to the corresponding carboxylic acids which were thereafter reacted with a series of aromatic/aliphatic/heterocyclic amines leading to the desired amides. The new derivatives were investigated as inhibitors of two enzymes, human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) and soy bean lipoxygenase (LOX). Compounds 4a and 4b were potent LOX inhibitors, whereas many effective hCA IX inhibitors (KIs in the range of 30.2-30.5 nM) were detected in this study. Two compounds, 4b and 5b, showed the phenomenon of dual inhibition. Furthermore, these coumarins did not significantly inhibit the widespread cytosolic isoforms hCA I and II, whereas they were weak hCA IV inhibitors, making them hCA IX-selective inhibitors. As hCA IX and LOX are validated antitumor targets, these results are promising for the investigation of novel drug targets involved in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Peperidou
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Silvia Bua
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Murat Bozdag
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Angeli A, Abbas G, Del Prete S, Carta F, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Acyl selenoureido benzensulfonamides show potent inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:170-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
26
|
An Overview of the Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7040056. [PMID: 29137134 PMCID: PMC5746736 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria encode carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to three different genetic families, the α-, β-, and γ-classes. By equilibrating CO2 and bicarbonate, these metalloenzymes interfere with pH regulation and other crucial physiological processes of these organisms. The detailed investigations of many such enzymes from pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria afford the opportunity to design both novel therapeutic agents, as well as biomimetic processes, for example, for CO2 capture. Investigation of bacterial CA inhibitors and activators may be relevant for finding antibiotics with a new mechanism of action.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The sulfonamides and their structurally related derivatives, such as the sulfamates and sulfamides, possess the general formula A-SO2NHR, in which the functional group is either directly bound to an aromatic, heterocyclic, aliphatic, or sugar scaffold (of type A), or appended to such a scaffold via a heteroatom, most frequently oxygen or nitrogen (leading thus to sulfamates and sulfamides, respectively) [...].
Collapse
|