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Jing D, Liu J, Qin D, Lin J, Li T, Li Y, Duan M. Obeticholic acid ameliorates sepsis-induced renal mitochondrial damage by inhibiting the NF-κb signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2368090. [PMID: 39108162 PMCID: PMC11308967 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2368090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common complication of sepsis, might be caused by overactivated inflammation, mitochondrial damage, and oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced AKI (SAKI) have not been fully elucidated, and there is a lack of effective therapies for AKI. To this end, this study aimed to investigate whether obeticholic acid (OCA) has a renoprotective effect on SAKI and to explore its mechanism of action. Through bioinformatics analysis, our study confirmed that the mitochondria might be a critical target for the treatment of SAKI. Thus, a septic rat model was established by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) surgery. Our results showed an evoked inflammatory response via the NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in septic rats, which led to mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. OCA, an Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) agonist, has shown anti-inflammatory effects in numerous studies. However, the effects of OCA on SAKI remain unclear. In this study, we revealed that pretreatment with OCA can inhibit the inflammatory response by reducing the synthesis of proinflammatory factors (such as IL-1β and NLRP3) via blocking NF-κB and alleviating mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in the septic rat model. Overall, this study provides insight into the excessive inflammation-induced SAKI caused by mitochondrial damage and evidence for the potential use of OCA in SAKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Jing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meili Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Kamel EM, Alkhayl FFA, Alqhtani HA, Bin-Jumah M, Rudayni HA, Lamsabhi AM. Dissecting molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of β-glucuronidase by alkaloids from Hibiscus trionum: Integrating in vitro and in silico perspectives. Comput Biol Med 2024; 180:108969. [PMID: 39089106 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase, a crucial enzyme in drug metabolism and detoxification, represents a promising target for therapeutic intervention due to its potential to modulate drug pharmacokinetics and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we assessed the inhibitory potential of phytochemicals from Hibiscus trionum against β-glucuronidase. Grossamide and grossamide K emerged as the most potent β-glucuronidase inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.73 ± 0.03 and 1.24 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. The investigated alkaloids effectively inhibited β-glucuronidase-catalyzed PNPG hydrolysis through a noncompetitive inhibition mode, whereas steppogenin displayed a mixed inhibition mechanism. Molecular docking analyses highlighted grossamide and grossamide K as inhibitors with the lowest binding free energy, all compounds successfully docked into the same main binding site occupied by the reference drug Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We explored the interaction dynamics of isolated compounds with β-glucuronidase through a 200 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Analysis of various MD parameters revealed that grossamide and grossamide K maintained stable trajectories and demonstrated significant energy stabilization upon binding to β-glucuronidase. Additionally, these compounds exhibited the lowest average interaction energies with the target enzyme. The MM/PBSA calculations further supported these findings, showing the lowest binding free energies for grossamide and grossamide K. These computational results are consistent with experimental data, suggesting that grossamide and grossamide K could be potent inhibitors of β-glucuronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - Faris F Aba Alkhayl
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. BOX 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Rudayni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Hou S, Xia Y, Wang YQ. Influence of the brain‑gut axis on neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:30. [PMID: 38299236 PMCID: PMC10852013 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a debilitating cerebrovascular ailment, poses significant threats to human life and health. The intricate interplay between the gut‑brain‑microbiota axis (GBMA) and cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion has increasingly become a focal point of scientific exploration, emerging as a pivotal research avenue in stroke pathophysiology. In the present review, the authors delved into the nexus between the GBMA and neuroinflammation observed post‑stroke. The analysis underscored the pivotal roles of histone deacetylase 3 and neutrophil extracellular traps subsequent to stroke incidents. The influence of gut microbial compositions and their metabolites, notably short‑chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N‑oxide, on neuroinflammatory processes, was further elucidated. The involvement of immune cells, especially regulatory T‑cells, and the intricate signaling cascades including cyclic GMP‑AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes/Toll‑like receptor, further emphasized the complex regulatory mechanisms of GBMA in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI). Collectively, the present review offered a comprehensive perspective on the metabolic, immune and inflammatory modulations orchestrated by GBMA, augmenting the understanding of its role in neuroinflammation following CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yulei Xia
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
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4
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Singh NK, Singh A, Mayank. Nuclear Factor Kappa B: A Nobel Therapeutic Target of FlavonoidsAgainst Parkinson's Disease. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2062-2077. [PMID: 38243959 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073295568240105025006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common brain-related neurodegenerative disorder, is comprised of several pathophysiological mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein, and synaptic loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain. Misfolded alpha-synuclein, originating from damaged neurons, triggers a series of signaling pathways in both glial and neuronal cells. Activation of such events results in the production and expression of several proinflammatory cytokines via the activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Consequently, this cascade of events worsens the neurodegenerative processes, particularly in conditions, such as PD and synucleinopathies. Microglia, astrocytes, and neurons are just a few of the many cells and tissues that express the NF-κB family of inducible types of transcription factors. The dual role of NF-κB activation can be crucial for neuronal survival, although the classical NF-κB pathway is important for controlling the generation of inflammatory mediators during neuroinflammation. Modulating NF-κB-associated pathways through the selective action of several agents holds promise for mitigating dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and PD. Several naturally occurring compounds in medicinal plants can be an effective treatment option in attenuating PD-associated dopaminergic neuronal loss via selectively modifying the NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways. Recently, flavonoids have gained notable attention from researchers because of their remarkable anti-neuroinflammatory activity and significant antioxidant properties in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Several subclasses of flavonoids, including flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, and anthocyanins, have been evaluated for neuroprotective effects against in vitro and in vivo models of PD. In this aspect, the present review highlights the pathological role of NF-κB in the progression of PD and investigates the therapeutic potential of natural flavonoids targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway for the prevention and management of PD-like manifestations with a comprehensive list for further reference. Available facts strongly support that bioactive flavonoids could be considered in food and/or as lead pharmacophores for the treatment of neuroinflammation-mediated PD. Furthermore, natural flavonoids having potent pharmacological properties could be helpful in enhancing the economy of countries that cultivate medicinal plants yielding bioactive flavonoids on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, UP, India
| | - Ashini Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, UP, India
| | - Mayank
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura-281406, UP, India
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Jansakun C, Chulrik W, Hata J, Utaipan T, Pabuprapap W, Supaweera N, Mueangson O, Suksamrarn A, Chunglok W. Trihydroxyxanthones from the heartwood of Maclura cochinchinensis modulate M1/M2 macrophage polarisation and enhance surface TLR4. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:529-541. [PMID: 36580158 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory actions of phytochemicals have attracted much attention due to the current state of numerous inflammatory disorders. Thai traditional medicine uses Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner to treat chronic fever and various inflammatory diseases, as well as to maintain normal lymphatic function. Five flavonoids and five xanthones were isolated from the heartwood of M. cochinchinensis and we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of the isolated compounds. All isolated compounds possessed an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages with varying degrees of potency. The greatest decrease in M1 inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide, PGE2, and proinflammatory cytokines was observed with 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone and 1,3,5-trihydroxyxanthone treatment of LPS-activated macrophages. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the two xanthones is mediated by the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B expression and the upregulation of M2 anti-inflammatory signalling proteins phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ. 1,3,7-Trihydroxyxanthone exhibits superior induction of anti-inflammatory M2 mediator of LPS-activated macrophages by upregulating arginase1 expression. Following the resolution of inflammation, the two xanthones enhanced surface TLR4 expression compared to LPS-stimulated cells, possibly preserving macrophage function. Our research highlights the role of the two xanthones in modulating the M1/M2 macrophage polarisation to reduce inflammation and retain surface TLR4 once inflammation has been resolved. These findings support the use of xanthones for their anti-inflammatory effects in treating inflammatory dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Jansakun
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Wanatsanan Chulrik
- Health Sciences (International Program), College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Janejira Hata
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Tanyarath Utaipan
- Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani, 94000, Thailand
| | - Wachirachai Pabuprapap
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Nassareen Supaweera
- Health Sciences (International Program), College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Onchuma Mueangson
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chunglok
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
- Food Technology and Innovation Center of Excellence, Research and Innovation Institute of Excellence , Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
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Peng J, He Q, Li S, Liu T, Zhang J. Hydrogen-Rich Water Mitigates LPS-Induced Chronic Intestinal Inflammatory Response in Rats via Nrf-2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Vet Sci 2022; 9:621. [PMID: 36356098 PMCID: PMC9692594 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to low-dose lipopolysaccharide can impair intestinal barriers, causing intestinal inflammation and leading to systemic inflammation. Hydrogen-rich water possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions and exerts inhibitory effects on various inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether oral hydrogen-rich water could prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic intestinal inflammation. An experimental model was established by feeding hydrogen-rich water, followed by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (200 μg/kg) in the tail vein of rats after seven months. ELISA, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and other methods were used to detect related cytokines, proteins related to the NF-κB and Nrf-2 signaling pathways, and tight-junction proteins to study the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of hydrogen-rich water. The obtained results show that hydrogen-rich water significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase and structural proteins; activated the Nrf-2 signaling pathway; downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors cyclooxygenase-2, myeloperoxidase, and ROS; and decreased the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that hydrogen-rich water could protect against chronic intestinal inflammation in rats caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by regulating the Nrf-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Peng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Qi He
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Shuaichen Li
- Institute for Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tao Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
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7
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Nan L, Nam HH, Choo BK. Agastache rugosa inhibits LPS-induced by RAW264.7 cellular inflammation and ameliorates oesophageal tissue damage from acute reflux esophagitis in rats. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Zahoor H, Watchaputi K, Hata J, Pabuprapap W, Suksamrarn A, Chua LS, Soontorngun N. Model yeast as a versatile tool to examine the antioxidant and anti-ageing potential of flavonoids, extracted from medicinal plants. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980066. [PMID: 36120300 PMCID: PMC9479101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for the production of herbal extracts for cosmetics, food, and health supplements, known as plant-based medicine, is rising globally. Incorporating herbal extracts could help to create higher value products due to the functional properties of bioactive compounds. Because the phytochemical composition could vary depending on the processing methods, a simple bioassay of herbal bioactive compounds is an important screening method for the purposes of functional characterization and quality assurance. As a simplified eukaryotic model, yeast serves as a versatile tool to examine functional property of bioactive compounds and to gain better understanding of fundamental cellular processes, because they share similarities with the processes in humans. In fact, aging is a well-conserved phenomenon between yeast and humans, making yeast a powerful genetic tool to examine functional properties of key compounds obtained from plant extracts. This study aimed to apply a well-established model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to examine the antioxidant and anti-aging potential of flavonoids, extracted from medicinal plants, and to gain insight into yeast cell adaptation to oxidative stress. Some natural quercetin analogs, including morin, kaempferol, aromadendrin, and steppogenin, protected yeast cells against oxidative stress induced by acetic acid, as shown by decreased cell sensitivity. There was also a reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species following acetic acid treatment. Using the chronological aging assay, quercetin, morin, and steppogenin could extend the lifespan of wild-type S. cerevisiae by 15%–25%. Consistent with the fact that oxidative stress is a key factor to aging, acetic acid resistance was associated with increased gene expression of TOR1, which encodes a key growth signaling kinase, and MSN2 and MSN4, which encode stress-responsive transcription factors. The addition of the antioxidant morin could counteract this increased expression, suggesting a possible modulatory role in cell signaling and the stress response of yeast. Therefore, yeast represents a versatile model organism and rapid screening tool to discover potentially rejuvenescent molecules with anti-aging and anti-oxidant potential from natural resources and to advance knowledge in the molecular study of stress and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Zahoor
- Gene Technology Laboratory, Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanrutai Watchaputi
- Gene Technology Laboratory, Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janejira Hata
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wachirachai Pabuprapap
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lee Suan Chua
- Metabolites Profiling Laboratory, Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nitnipa Soontorngun
- Gene Technology Laboratory, Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Nitnipa Soontorngun,
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Li X, Zheng J, Wang J, Tang X, Zhang F, Liu S, Liao Y, Chen X, Xie W, Tang Y. Effects of Uremic Clearance Granules on p38 MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway, Microbial and Metabolic Profiles in End-Stage Renal Disease Rats Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2529-2544. [PMID: 35946040 PMCID: PMC9357387 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s364069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhu Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqiang Liao
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yang Tang, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Qingnian Road, Suite 23, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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The Role of Concomitant Nrf2 Targeting and Stem Cell Therapy in Cerebrovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081447. [PMID: 35892653 PMCID: PMC9332234 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the reality that a death from cerebrovascular accident occurs every 3.5 min in the United States, there are few therapeutic options which are typically limited to a narrow window of opportunity in time for damage mitigation and recovery. Novel therapies have targeted pathological processes secondary to the initial insult, such as oxidative damage and peripheral inflammation. One of the greatest challenges to therapy is the frequently permanent damage within the CNS, attributed to a lack of sufficient neurogenesis. Thus, recent use of cell-based therapies for stroke have shown promising results. Unfortunately, stroke-induced inflammatory and oxidative damage limit the therapeutic potential of these stem cells. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been implicated in endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, thus presenting an attractive target for novel therapeutics to enhance stem cell therapy and promote neurogenesis. This review assesses the current literature on the concomitant use of stem cell therapy and Nrf2 targeting via pharmaceutical and natural agents, highlighting the need to elucidate both upstream and downstream pathways in optimizing Nrf2 treatments in the setting of cerebrovascular disease.
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Liu S, Cheng F, Ren B, Xu W, Chen C, Ma C, Zhang X, Tang F, Wang Q, Wang X. Qinzhi Zhudan formula improves memory and alleviates neuroinflammation in vascular dementia rats partly by inhibiting the TNFR1-mediated TNF pathway. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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12
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Lee SH, Won GW, Choi SH, Kim MY, Oh CH, Park JT, Park JI. Antiaging effect of inotodiol on oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113311. [PMID: 35759867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is one of the major causes of human skin aging. Inotodiol is a lanostane triterpenoid that demonstrates antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have reported that inotodiol also has antiallergic effects. However, whether inotodiol inhibits oxidative stress-induced human skin aging is not known. Stimulation of human dermal fibroblast cells with hydrogen peroxide is related to skin aging. Inotodiol inhibited the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NADPH Oxidase 5 (NOX5). Moreover, inotodiol effectively decreased nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), as well as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Based on our results, inotodiol protects human dermal fibroblast by preventing MAPK-NOX5 and NF-κB activation and attenuates the expression of aging genes. Inotodiol may therefore be considered a potential candidate for developing natural antiaging products, because it protects the human skin from oxidative stress-induced skin aging by inhibiting the MAPK-NOX5 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Won
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Hae Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates the Inflammatory Stress of LPS-Induced BV2 Cell via Interacting with TLR4-Mediated Downstream Pathway. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6282167. [PMID: 35633920 PMCID: PMC9132620 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6282167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is related with the inflammatory stress of brain tissue induced by the activation of microglial in the central nervous system (CNS), which is still an intractable disease for modern clinical system. Chlorogenic acid has multiple biological activities such as antivirus and anti-inflammation, while few researches have revealed its therapeutic functions in neuroinflammation. Methods BV2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish neuroinflammation cell models, and the effects and mechanism of chlorogenic acid in improving the inflammatory progression were investigated. In brief, the toxicity of chlorogenic acid on BV2 cells was detected with MTT assay. The levels of the inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-α were measured with ELISA, and the abundances of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, and NF-κB were observed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Results Chlorogenic acid did not exhibit obvious toxic and side effects on BV2 cells. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-α were observably upregulated in BV2 cells after treating with LPS. Chlorogenic acid significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-α. Moreover, the abundances of TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, and NF-κB were increased in LPS-induced BV2 cells, while chlorogenic acid could obviously reduce their expressions. Conclusion This study suggests that chlorogenic acid can improve the inflammatory stress of LPS-induced BV2 cell via interacting with the TLR4-mediated downstream pathway, which is a potential drug for neuroinflammation treatment.
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Therapeutic benefits of flavonoids against neuroinflammation: a systematic review. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:111-136. [PMID: 35031904 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are an important class of natural polyphenolic compounds reported to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, autoimmune and neurological disorders. Flavonoids possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and immuno-modulation properties. Intriguingly, the importance of flavonoids in different neurological disorders is gaining more attention due to the safety, better pharmacokinetic profile and blood-brain barrier penetration, cost-effectiveness and readiness for clinical uses/trials. Many in vitro and in vivo research studies have established the neuroprotective mechanism of flavonoids in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The present review summarizes the benefits of various classes of flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, flavanols), chemical nature, classification, their occurrence and distribution, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. The manuscript also presents available evidences relating to the role of flavonoids in regulating key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) pathway, Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway involved in neuroinflammation associated with major neurological disorders. Literature search was conducted using electronic databases like Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed central, Springer search and Web of science. Chemical structures used in the present analysis were drawn using Chemdraw Professional 15.0 software. This collective information provides comprehensive knowledge on disease pathways and therapeutic benefits of flavonoids in neurological disorders, druggability and future scope for research.
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15
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Wang M, Kang L, Wang Y, Yang B, Zhang C, Lu Y, Kang L. Microglia in motor neuron disease: Signaling evidence from last 10 years. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:625-638. [PMID: 36309345 PMCID: PMC9828749 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Motor neuron disease (MND), including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy and others, involved the upper or lower motor neurons selective loss, is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, in conjunction with microglia. We summarized that pathways and key mediators are associated with microglia, such as fractalkine signaling, purinergic signaling, NF-κB signaling, p38 MAPK signaling, TREM2-APOE signaling, ROCK signaling, C1q signaling, and Ion channel, which are involved in the activation, proliferation, and inflammation of microglia. This review aims to identify the microglia-related molecular target and explore potential treatment strategies for MND based on that target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min‐Jia Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and HealthChengdu Sports UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lu Kang
- School of Sports Medicine and HealthChengdu Sports UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yao‐Zheng Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and HealthChengdu Sports UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bi‐Ru Yang
- Department of Postpartum RehabilitationSichuan Jinxin Women & Children HospitalChengduChina
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and HealthChengdu Sports UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu‐Feng Lu
- School of Sports Medicine and HealthChengdu Sports UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liang Kang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and HealthChengdu Sports UniversityChengduChina
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16
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Zhu M, Wang ZJ, He YJ, Qin Y, Zhou Y, Qi ZH, Zhou ZS, Zhu YY, Jin DN, Chen SS, Luo XD. Bioguided isolation, identification and bioactivity evaluation of anti-MRSA constituents from Morus alba Linn. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114542. [PMID: 34428525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE The root bark of Morus alba Linn. (M. alba), a traditional folk medicine, has been documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which has been widely used for asthma, fever, pneumonia, edema, vomit, colitis, bronchitis and keratitis diseases. Some of the diseases may be related to respiratory, digestive, urinary tract infections. Although Diels-Alder adducts (DAAs), flavonoids, 2-arylbenzofurans and stilbene compounds have been isolated from the root bark of M. alba, few compounds are reported for their antimicrobial efficacy in vivo and the mechanism. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to isolate and identify compounds of the root bark of M. alba in view of their anti-MRSA bioactivity, evaluate the anti-MRSA bioactivity of compounds and 60% ethanol elution (MA-6) in vitro and in vivo, and explore preliminary antibacterial mechanism in order to provide natural resources against MRSA infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Systematic phytochemical investigations were carried out according to the thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the active fraction MA-6 to find more anti-MRSA ingredients. The compounds of the root bark of M. alba were separated by column chromatography and identified by LC-MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy. The anti-MRSA efficacy of the active ingredients were evaluated by broth microdilution method and a murine infection model. The mode of action of compounds was explored by time-kill curve and post-contact effect. The preliminary mechanism of compounds against MRSA was explored by drug efflux pumps and bacterial biofilms. RESULTS Chemical isolation resulted in twenty-nine known compounds, most with one or more geranyl and prenyl units exhibited superior anti-MRSA bioactivity, with MIC values of 2-16 μg/mL. In addition, the mode of action indicated that compounds presented persistent antimicrobial effect, which also produced concentration-dependent and time-dependent killing activity or property. Preliminary mechanism showed that the compound kuwanon O (29) damaged the bacterial cell membranes, leading to the accumulation of antibiotics inside bacterial cells, moreover, MA-6 and kuwanon O (29) inhibited the efflux of drugs by combining with methicillin or ethidium bromide (EtBr), resulting in the MICs of EtBr and methicillin were obviously decreased three-fold. The anti-MRSA efficacy in vivo indicated that the active fraction MA-6 could reduce bacteria in spleen, liver, kidney and mortality of acutely infectious mice, which was better than the positive drug berberine chloride. CONCLUSION Experimental investigation showed that the MA-6 and compound 29 have promising bioactivity against MRSA in vitro and in vivo, which might be used as a potential source of new antibacterial medicine or a potential efflux pump inhibitor against MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Heng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Ni Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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Dong R, Huang R, Shi X, Xu Z, Mang J. Exploration of the mechanism of luteolin against ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification. Bioengineered 2021; 12:12274-12293. [PMID: 34898370 PMCID: PMC8810201 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2006966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As the most common type of stroke cases, treatment effectiveness is still limited despite intensive research. Recently, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted attention because of potential benefits for stroke treatment. Among these, luteolin, a natural plant flavonoid compound, offers neuroprotection following against ischemic stroke, although the specific mechanisms are unknown. Here we used network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification to explore the mechanisms whereby luteolin can benefit stroke recovery. The pharmacological and molecular properties of luteolin were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The potential targets of luteolin and ischemic stroke were collected from interrogating public databases. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed by Funrich and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery respectively, a luteolin-target-pathway network constructed using Cytoscape, Autodock vina was used for molecular docking simulation with Discovery Studio was used to visualize and analyze the docked conformations. Lastly, we employed an in vitro model of stroke injury to evaluate the effects of luteolin on cell survival and expression of the putative targets. From 95 candidate luteolin target genes, our analysis identified six core targets . KEGG analysis of the candidate targets identified that luteolin provides therapeutic effects on stroke through TNF signaling and other pathways. Our experimental analyses confirmed the conclusions analyzed above. In summary, the molecular and pharmacological mechanisms of luteolin against stroke are indicated in our study from a systematic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Renxuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Zhongxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Jing Mang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
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18
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Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Pravir Kumar. Autophagy and apoptosis cascade: which is more prominent in neuronal death? Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8001-8047. [PMID: 34741624 PMCID: PMC11072037 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are two crucial self-destructive processes that maintain cellular homeostasis, which are characterized by their morphology and regulated through signal transduction mechanisms. These pathways determine the fate of cellular organelle and protein involved in human health and disease such as neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Cell death pathways share common molecular mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium ion concentration, reactive oxygen species, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Some key signaling molecules such as p53 and VEGF mediated angiogenic pathway exhibit cellular and molecular responses resulting in the triggering of apoptotic and autophagic pathways. Herein, based on previous studies, we describe the intricate relation between cell death pathways through their common genes and the role of various stress-causing agents. Further, extensive research on autophagy and apoptotic machinery excavates the implementation of selective biomarkers, for instance, mTOR, Bcl-2, BH3 family members, caspases, AMPK, PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, and p38/JNK/MAPK, in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This molecular phenomenon will lead to the discovery of possible therapeutic biomolecules as a pharmacological intervention that are involved in the modulation of apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Moreover, we describe the potential role of micro-RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and biomolecules as therapeutic agents that regulate cell death machinery to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Mounting evidence demonstrated that under stress conditions, such as calcium efflux, endoplasmic reticulum stress, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and oxidative stress intermediate molecules, namely p53 and VEGF, activate and cause cell death. Further, activation of p53 and VEGF cause alteration in gene expression and dysregulated signaling pathways through the involvement of signaling molecules, namely mTOR, Bcl-2, BH3, AMPK, MAPK, JNK, and PI3K/Akt, and caspases. Alteration in gene expression and signaling cascades cause neurotoxicity and misfolded protein aggregates, which are characteristics features of neurodegenerative diseases. Excessive neurotoxicity and misfolded protein aggregates lead to neuronal cell death by activating death pathways like autophagy and apoptosis. However, autophagy has a dual role in the apoptosis pathways, i.e., activation and inhibition of the apoptosis signaling. Further, micro-RNAs and LncRNAs act as pharmacological regulators of autophagy and apoptosis cascade, whereas, natural compounds and chemical compounds act as pharmacological inhibitors that rescue neuronal cell death through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mechanical Engineering Building, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Room# FW4TF3, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mechanical Engineering Building, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Room# FW4TF3, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mechanical Engineering Building, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Room# FW4TF3, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
- , Delhi, India.
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19
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Liu W, Li Y, Wu Z, Hai K, Wang Y, Zhou X, Ye Q. Heparin alleviates LPS-induced endothelial injury by regulating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1397. [PMID: 34650645 PMCID: PMC8506914 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin is a commonly used in the clinic, however, Heparin's effect on endothelial injury remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of action underlying heparin treatment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial injury in vitro. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were measured using ELISA. Cell proliferation was measured using a 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. The number of apoptotic cells and apoptotic rate were evaluated using TUNEL assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and NF-κB (p65) gene expression was evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, whilst TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB (p65) protein expression was evaluated using western blot analysis. The levels of phosphorylated NF-κB in the nucleus were evaluated using cellular immunofluorescence. Compared with those in the normal control group, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased in the LPS group (P<0.001). In addition, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive cells were significantly increased and apoptosis was significantly decreased (P<0.001). TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB (p65) expression was also significantly increased (P<0.001). Compared with those in the LPS group, following heparin treatment, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05), whilst the number of EdU-positive cells was significantly increased and the level of apoptosis was significantly decreased (P<0.05). TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB (p65) expression was also significantly decreased by heparin in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001). Small interfering RNA-TLR4 transfection exerted similar effects to those mediated by heparin in alleviating endothelial injury. In conclusion, heparin suppressed LPS-induced endothelial injury through the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB (p65) signaling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxun Liu
- Anesthesia Specialty, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Anesthesia Specialty, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Kerong Hai
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
| | - Qingshan Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China.,Ningxia Anesthesia Clinical Medical Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, P.R. China
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20
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Huang Y, Xu J, Wang Y, Lei Y, Mai Y, He X. Q43, a new triterpenoid extracted from Chinese acorn, exhibits pronounced anti-neuroinflammatory activity through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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Yang QY, Ma LL, Zhang C, Lin JZ, Han L, He YN, Xie CG. Exploring the Mechanism of Indigo Naturalis in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:674416. [PMID: 34366843 PMCID: PMC8339204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.674416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical trials have proven that indigo naturalis is a candidate drug for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), but its therapeutic mechanism is still unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect and mechanism of indigo naturalis to treat mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC. Methods: DSS-induced UC mice were treated with indigo naturalis (200 mg/kg), indigo (4.76 mg/kg), and indirubin (0.78 mg/kg) for 1 week. The anti-UC mechanism of indigo naturalis was studied by pathological section, inflammatory factor, western blot, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: According to body weight change, disease activity index, and colon length, indigo naturalis had the strongest anti DSS-induced UC effect, followed by indirubin and indigo. Pathological section showed that indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells, increase the secretion of intestinal mucus, and repair the intestinal mucosa. Indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could reduce IL-1β,IL-6, and TNF-α by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction. Indigo naturalis and indigo could also reduce IgA and IgG both in serum and colon tissue. In addition, indigo naturalis, indigo, and indirubin could adjust the gut microbiota structure of DSS-induced UC mice, reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increasing the abundance of probiotics. Conclusion: Indigo and indirubin are one of the main anti-UC components of indigo naturalis. INN could regulate intestinal flora, reduce inflammation, repair intestinal mucosa, and improve the physiological status of DSS-induced UC mice and its anti-UC mechanism may be involved in inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yue Yang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Le-le Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Zhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Nan He
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Guang Xie
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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22
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Ko W, Kim N, Lee H, Woo ER, Kim YC, Oh H, Lee DS. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Cudrania tricuspidata in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147472. [PMID: 34299094 PMCID: PMC8303187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata has been reported to have anti-sclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, the effect of 16 compounds from C. tricuspidata on tumor necrosis factor-α+interferon-γ-treated HaCaT cells were investigated. Among these 16 compounds, 11 decreased IL-6 production and 15 decreased IL-8 production. The six most effective compounds, namely, steppogenin (2), cudraflavone C (6), macluraxanthone B (12), 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3- methoxyxanthone (13), cudraflavanone B (4), and cudratricusxanthone L (14), were selected for further experiments. These six compounds decreased the expression levels of chemokines, such as regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and downregulated the protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Compounds 2, 6, 12, 4, and 14 inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B p65 translocation to the nucleus; however, compound 13 showed no significant effects. In addition, extracellular signal regulatory kinase-1/2 phosphorylation was only inhibited by compound 14, whereas p38 phosphorylation was inhibited by compounds 13 and 4. Taken together, the compounds from C. tricuspidata showed potential to be further developed as therapeutic agents to suppress inflammation in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6386; Fax: +82-62-222-5414
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Kwon J, Kim MJ, Kim DC, Kwon H, Ryu SM, Shim SH, Guo Y, Hong SB, Yim JH, Kim YC, Oh H, Lee D. Anti-inflammatory spiroditerpenoids from Penicillium bialowiezense. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105012. [PMID: 34082248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a vital process that maintains tissue homeostasis. However, it is widely known that uncontrolled inflammation can contribute to the development of various diseases. This study aimed to discover anti-inflammatory metabolites from Penicillium bialowiezense. Seven spiroditerpenoids, including two new compounds, breviones P and Q (1 and 2), were isolated and characterized by various spectroscopic and spectrometric methods. All isolated compounds were initially tested for their inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Of these, brevione A (3) exhibited this activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 9.5 μM. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that 3 could suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, such as NO, prostaglandin E2, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-12 by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyoung Kwon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Kwon
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mok Ryu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Protective Effect of Cudrania tricuspidata Extract against High-Fat Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092434. [PMID: 33922045 PMCID: PMC8122508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic disease affecting a wide range of the world’s population and associated with obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. It is possibly emerging as a leading cause of life-threatening liver diseases for which a drug with a specific therapeutic target has not been developed yet. Previously, there have been reports on the benefits of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) for treating obesity and diabetes via regulation of metabolic processes, such as lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effect of orally administered 0.25% and 0.5% (w/w) CT mixed with high-fat diet (HFD) to C57BL/6J mice for 7 weeks. It was found that body weight, fat mass, hepatic mass, serum glucose level, and liver cholesterol levels were significantly reduced after CT treatment. In CT-treated HFD-fed mice, the mRNA expression levels of hepatic lipogenic and inflammatory cytokine-related genes were markedly reduced, whereas the expression level of epididymal lipogenic genes was increased. The mRNA expression level of beta-oxidation and Nrf-2/HO-1 genes significantly increased in CT-treated obese mice livers. We propose that CT alleviates hepatic steatosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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25
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Dolatshahi M, Ranjbar Hameghavandi MH, Sabahi M, Rostamkhani S. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in pathophysiology of Parkinson disease: Diverse patterns and mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4101-4123. [PMID: 33884689 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder, comprises several pathophysiologic mechanisms including misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregation, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and synaptic loss. Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB), as a key regulator of a myriad of cellular reactions, is shown to be involved in such mechanisms associated with PD, and the changes in NF-κB expression is implicated in PD. Alpha-synuclein accumulation, the characteristic feature of PD pathology, is known to trigger NF-κB activation in neurons, thereby propagating apoptosis through several mechanisms. Furthermore, misfolded alpha-synuclein released from degenerated neurons, activates several signaling pathways in glial cells which culminate in activation of NF-κB and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby aggravating neurodegenerative processes. On the other hand, NF-κB activation, acting as a double-edged sword, can be necessary for survival of neurons. For instance, NF-κB activation is necessary for competent mitochondrial function and deficiency in c-Rel, one of the NF-κB proteins, is known to propagate DA neuron loss via several mechanisms. Despite the dual role of NF-κB in PD, several agents by selectively modifying the mechanisms and pathways associated with NF-κB, can be effective in attenuating DA neuron loss and PD, as reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sabra Rostamkhani
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Song Z, Feng J, Zhang Q, Deng S, Yu D, Zhang Y, Li T. Tanshinone IIA Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Microglial Activation and Polarization via NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:641848. [PMID: 33953677 PMCID: PMC8090935 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.641848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA, a fat-soluble diterpenoid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been shown to attenuate the cerebral ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to examine the effects on neuroprotection and microglia activation of Tanshinone IIA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We found that Tanshinone IIA significantly reduced infarction volume, alleviated neuronal injuries, reduced the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, increased SOD activity, and decrease the content of MDA in MCAO rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence staining showed that Tanshinone IIA improved the distribution and morphology of neurons in brain tissues and reduced apoptosis. In addition, Co-immunofluorescence staining of rat brain tissues and the mRNA expression levels of CD11b, CD32, iNOS, and Arg-1, CD206, IL-10 in BV2 cells indicated that Tanshinone IIA can downregulate M1 microglia and upregulate M2 microglia in MCAO rats. Further, BV2 microglial cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, the protein expression levels were detected by western blot. Tanshinone IIA inhibited the expression levels of NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins. Taken together, this study suggested that Tanshinone IIA modulated microglial M1/M2 polarization via the NF-κB signaling pathway to confer anti-neuroinflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Punan Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China.,College of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- College of Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Punan Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yuefan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Punan Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
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27
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Du H, He Y, Pan Y, Zhao M, Li Z, Wang Y, Yang J, Wan H. Danhong Injection Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through the Suppression of the Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:561237. [PMID: 33927611 PMCID: PMC8076794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.561237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the major causes of damage of the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, which can result in long-term disability and neuronal death. Danhong injection (DHI), a traditional Chinese medicine injection, has been applied to the clinical treatment of cerebral stoke for many years. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of DHI on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats and explored its potential anti-neuroinflammatory properties. CIRI in adult male SD rats was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 h and reperfusion for 24 h. Results showed that DHI (0.5, 1, and 2 ml/kg) dose-dependently improved the neurological deficits and alleviated cerebral infarct volume and histopathological damage of the cerebral cortex caused by CIRI. Moreover, DHI (0.5, 1, and 2 ml/kg) inhibited the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in ischemic brains, downregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in serum, and reduced the neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase, MPO) in ischemic brains, in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical staining results also revealed that DHI dose-dependently diminished the protein expressions of ICAM-1 and COX-2, and suppressed the activation of microglia (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, Iba-1) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) in the cerebral cortex. Western blot analysis showed that DHI significantly downregulated the phosphorylation levels of the proteins in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinas (MAPK) signaling pathways in ischemic brains. These results indicate that DHI exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects against CIRI, which contribute to the amelioration of CNS damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Du
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Xu C, Fang MY, Wang K, Liu J, Tai GP, Zhang ZT, Ruan BF. Discovery and Development of Inflammatory Inhibitors from 2-Phenylchromonone (Flavone) Scaffolds. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2578-2598. [PMID: 32972343 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200924115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are compounds based on a 2-phenylchromonone scaffold. Flavonoids can be divided into flavonoids, flavonols, dihydroflavones, anthocyanins, chalcones and diflavones according to the oxidation degree of the central tricarbonyl chain, the connection position of B-ring (2-or 3-position), and whether the tricarbonyl chain forms a ring or not. There are a variety of biological activities about flavonoids, such as anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor activity, and the antiinflammatory activity is apparent. This paper reviews the anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms of flavonoids and their derivatives reported in China and abroad from 2011 till date (2011-2020), in order to find a good drug scaffold for the study of anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Fang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Center of Tobacco Industry Development, Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng, 242000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Lab of Biofabrication of Anhui Higher Education, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Guang-Ping Tai
- Key Lab of Biofabrication of Anhui Higher Education, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhao-Ting Zhang
- Center of Tobacco Industry Development, Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng, 242000, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China,Key Lab of Biofabrication of Anhui Higher Education, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
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29
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Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW 264.7 cells by polysaccharides extracted from Grateloupia livida (Harv.) Yamada. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Ko W, Yoon CS, Kim KW, Lee H, Kim N, Woo ER, Kim YC, Kang DG, Lee HS, Oh H, Lee DS. Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kuwanon C from Cudrania tricuspidata Are Mediated by Heme Oxygenase-1 in HT22 Hippocampal Cells, RAW264.7 Macrophage, and BV2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144839. [PMID: 32650596 PMCID: PMC7402286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a detoxifying phase II enzyme that plays a role in both inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Curdrania tricuspidata is widespread throughout East Asia and is used as a therapeutic agent in traditional medicine. We investigated whether treatment with sixteen flavonoid or xanthone compounds from C. tricuspidata could induce HO-1 expression in HT22 hippocampal cells, RAW264.7 macrophage, and BV2 microglia. In these compounds, kuwanon C showed the most remarkable HO-1 expression effects. In addition, treatment with kuwanon C reduced cytoplasmic nuclear erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression and increased Nrf2 expression in the nucleus. Significant inhibition of glutamate-induced oxidative injury and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurred when HT22 hippocampal cells were pretreated with kuwanon C. The levels of inflammatory mediator and cytokine, which increased following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, were suppressed in RAW264.7 macrophage and BV2 microglia after kuwanon C pretreatment. Kuwanon C also attenuated p65 DNA binding and translocation into the nucleus in LPS-induced RAW264.7 and BV2 cells. The anti-inflammatory, anti-neuroinflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of kuwanon C were reversed when co-treatment with HO-1 inhibitor of tin protoporphyrin-IX (SnPP). These results suggest that the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of kuwanon C are regulated by HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Chi-Su Yoon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (C.-S.Y.); (K.-W.K.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (C.-S.Y.); (K.-W.K.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (C.-S.Y.); (K.-W.K.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (C.-S.Y.); (K.-W.K.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (D.G.K.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (H.L.); (N.K.); (E.-R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6386; Fax: +82-62-222-5414
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31
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Kim MJ, Kim DC, Kwon J, Ryu SM, Kwon H, Guo Y, Hong SB, Kim YC, Oh H, Lee D. Anti-inflammatory Metabolites from Chaetomium nigricolor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:881-887. [PMID: 32163284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Twelve metabolites were obtained from the culture media of Chaetomium nigricolor, including a new furan derivative, methyl succinyl Sumiki's acid (1), and two new atropisomers of the previously reported bis-naphtho-γ-pyrones, (aS)-asperpyrone A and (aS)-fonsecinone A (2 and 3). The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic, chemical, and chiroptical techniques. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 2 was found to inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, in turn suppressing pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines including nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jee Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Kwon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mok Ryu
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Kwon
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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32
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Jang JH, Lee SH, Jung K, Yoo H, Park G. Inhibitory Effects of Myricetin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10010032. [PMID: 31935983 PMCID: PMC7016734 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation elicits an immune response by producing proinflammatory modulators and cytokines that cause neurodegeneration. Therefore, a plausible strategy to prevent neurodegeneration is to inhibit neuroinflammation caused by microglial activation. Myricetin, a natural flavanol, induces neuroprotective effects by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. However, whether myricetin inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in hippocampus and cortex regions is not known. To test this, we examined the effects of myricetin on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in a microglial BV2 cell line. We found that myricetin significantly downregulated several markers of the neuroinflammatory response in LPS-induced activated microglia, including inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and proinflammatory modulators and cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, myricetin suppressed the expression of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which are components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, myricetin inhibited LPS-induced macrophages and microglial activation in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. Based on our results, we suggest that myricetin inhibits neuroinflammation in BV2 microglia by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway and the production of proinflammatory modulators and cytokines. Therefore, this could potentially be used for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Jang
- Department of Neurologic Disorders & Aging Brain Constitution, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Natural Product Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk 56212, Korea;
| | - Horyong Yoo
- Department of Neurologic Disorders & Aging Brain Constitution, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); or (G.P.); Tel.: +82-42-470-9490 (H.Y.); +82-61-338-7112 (G.P.)
| | - Gunhyuk Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Jeollanam-do 58245, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); or (G.P.); Tel.: +82-42-470-9490 (H.Y.); +82-61-338-7112 (G.P.)
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33
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Scutellarin Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Activated Microglia/Brain Macrophage in Cerebral Ischemia and in Activated BV-2 Microglia Through Regulation of MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:264-277. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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34
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Bao Y, Zhu Y, He G, Ni H, Liu C, Ma L, Zhang L, Shi D. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neuroinflammation In LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia Cells Through Upregulation Of miR-340. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3465-3475. [PMID: 31631971 PMCID: PMC6781164 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s210511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine (Dex) was reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory effect in the nervous system. However, the mechanism by which Dex exhibits anti-inflammation effects on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of Dex in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Methods The BV2 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). BV2 cells were infected with short-hairpin RNAs targeting NF-κB (NF-κB-shRNAs) and NF-κB overexpression lentivirus, respectively. In addition, miR-340 mimics or miR-340 inhibitor was transfected into BV2 cells, respectively. Meanwhile, the dual-luciferase reporter system assay was used to explore the interaction of miR-340 and NF-κB in BV2 cells. CCK-8 was used to detect the viability of BV2 cells. In addition, Western blotting was used to detect the level of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12, IL-10 and MCP-1 in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells were measured with ELISA. Results The level of miR-340 was significantly upregulated in Dex-treated BV2 cells. Meanwhile, the level of NF-κB was significantly increased in BV2 cells following infection with lenti-NF-κB, which was markedly reversed by Dex. LPS markedly increased the expression of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells, which were reversed in the presence of Dex. Moreover, miR-340 mimics enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of Dex in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells via inhibiting NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Dex obviously inhibited LPS-induced phagocytosis in BV2 cells. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggested that Dex might exert anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells via upregulation of miR-340. Therefore, Dex might serve as a potential agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbao He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai 201821, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
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Yue P, Jing L, Zhao X, Zhu H, Teng J. Down-regulation of taurine-up-regulated gene 1 attenuates inflammation by sponging miR-9-5p via targeting NF-κB1/p50 in multiple sclerosis. Life Sci 2019; 233:116731. [PMID: 31394128 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by widespread inflammation. LncRNA taurine-up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been reported to be involved in multiple biological processes and human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lncRNA TUG1 in MS and the underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG35-55). Lentiviral vectors encoding sh-TUG1 was constructed to silence TUG1 in MOG-EAE mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. The effect of TUG1 on inflammation in MS was evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blot, ELISA and Hematoxylin-eosin staining. To further study the mechanism of TUG1 in MS, TUG1 knockdown and miR-9-5p overexpression were performed in LPS-induced BV2 cells. KEY FINDINGS Down-regulation of TUG1 improved mice behavior, reduced granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) level, decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17, and increased IL-10 in EAE mice. Notably, TUG1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-9-5p expression, while positively correlated with NF-κB1/p50. Knockdown of TUG1 or enforced expression of miR-9-5p inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 cells, while these effects were abolished by inhibition of miR-9-5p. We further verified that TUG1 negatively regulated miR-9-5p expression and NF-κB1/p50 is a direct target of miR-9-5p. SIGNIFICANCE Down-regulation of TUG1 attenuates MS through inhibition of inflammation by sponging miR-9-5p via targeting NF-κB1/p50, suggesting that TUG1 is a potential therapeutic target for MS treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Proliferation
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/prevention & control
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/prevention & control
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/genetics
- NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijian Yue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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Yao C, Liu X, Zhou Z, Xiang Y, Yuan S, Xie W, Zhou M, Hu Z, Li Y, Ji A, Cai T. Melatonin attenuates expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in activated microglia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:437-446. [PMID: 31081481 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1615019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a known neurotoxin and utilized most extensively as a microglial activator for induction of inflammatory neurodegeneration. Melatonin (MEL) is the main secretory product of pineal gland reported to be responsible for a variety of physiological functions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of MEL on microglia activation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of MEL on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels in LPS-induced microglia. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that MEL significantly inhibited LPS-mediated upregulation of COX-2 in microglia. Data from ELISA demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the downstream effector of COX-2, concentrations were also reduced. In addition, MEL was found to decrease activation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB, the upstream signal pathways of COX-2. Taken together, evidence indicates that MEL may attenuate upregulation of COX-2 by blocking the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yao
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
| | - Zhengyu Zhou
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
| | - Ying Xiang
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
| | - Weijia Xie
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
| | - Meiyu Zhou
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
| | - Zeyao Hu
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
| | - Yafei Li
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
| | - Ailing Ji
- b Department of Preventive Medicine & Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College , Chongqing , China
| | - Tongjian Cai
- a Department of Epidemiology , College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) , Chongqing , China
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Wongwat T, Srihaphon K, Pitaksutheepong C, Boonyo W, Pitaksuteepong T. Suppression of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 by Morus alba stem extract and oxyresveratrol in RAW 264.7 cells and C28/I2 human chondrocytes. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:132-140. [PMID: 32257876 PMCID: PMC7109470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Morus alba stem extract (MSE) and oxyresveratrol on the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 human chondrocyte cell line. The chondroprotective effect was also investigated using the chondrocyte cell line. First, MSE was prepared and analyzed for the amount of oxyresveratrol. The anti-inflammatory effects of MSE at various concentrations were evaluated through the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)-E2 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 production. Oxyresveratrol at the equivalent amount found in the extract was investigated in the same manner. The chondroprotective effect was investigated through the suppression of MMP-13 production. The results showed that oxyresveratrol content in MSE was 15%. In RAW 264.7 cells, MSE (5-50 μg/mL) could inhibit the NO (24-30%) and PGE2 (11-82%) production. Oxyresveratrol at 0.75 and 7.5 μg/mL could suppress NO and also inhibited PGE2 but at only at high concentration. In the chondrocyte cell line, MSE at 5-100 μg/mL significantly decreased the PGE2 and COX-2 production by 44-93% and 17-65%, respectively. Again, oxyresveratrol at both concentrations could significantly inhibit PGE2 production by 50-92% but it inhibited COX-2 only at high concentration. In addition, MSE and oxyresveratrol was shown to significantly inhibit MMP-13 production by 14-57% and 16-56%, depending on their concentrations. The MSE demonstrates the potential to be used as an alternative treatment for reducing inflammation and preventing cartilage degradation. Its component, oxyresveratrol, may exert these effects to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thidarat Wongwat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Srihaphon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Chetsadaporn Pitaksutheepong
- Food Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Worawan Boonyo
- Department of Pharmacy Technician, Sirindhorn College of Public Health, Wangthong, Phitsanulok, 65130, Thailand
| | - Tasana Pitaksuteepong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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Li X, Yao Z, Jiang X, Sun J, Ran G, Yang X, Zhao Y, Yan Y, Chen Z, Tian L, Bai W. Bioactive compounds from Cudrania tricuspidata: A natural anticancer source. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:494-514. [PMID: 30582344 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1541866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor is becoming a critical threat to our lives in these years. Searching for antitumor substances from natural products is a great interest of scientists. Cudrania tricuspidata (C. tricuspidata) is a regional plant containing 158 flavonoids and 99 xanthones, and others ingredients with favorable bioactivity. This review comprehensively analyzes the antitumor compounds from C. tricuspidata against different tumors, and 78 flavonoids plus xanthones are considered as underlying antineoplastic. Importantly, the structure of preylation groups is the primary source of antitumor activity among 45 flavonoids plus xanthones, which could be a direction of structural modification for a better antitumor ability. Additionally, the fruits are also preferable sources of antitumor compounds compared to the roots and barks due to the abundant isoflavones and sustainability. However, many studies only focused on the cells viability inhibition of the compounds, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the intracellular targets remain ambiguous. In conclusion, C. tricuspidata has a great potential for anti-tumor prevention or therapy, but more attention should be paid to deeper research in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zilan Yao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- >Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guojing Ran
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zisheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Kim DC, Quang TH, Oh H, Kim YC. Correction: Kim, D.-C.; et al. Steppogenin Isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata Shows Antineuroinflammatory Effects via NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in LPS-Stimulated BV2 and Primary Rat Microglial Cells. Molecules 2017, 22, 2130. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061244. [PMID: 29882855 PMCID: PMC6099576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Cheol Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Tran Hong Quang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 122102, Vietnam.
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
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40
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Kim N, Yoo HS, Ju YJ, Oh MS, Lee KT, Inn KS, Kim NJ, Lee JK. Synthetic 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavone Exerts Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects in BV2 Microglia and a Mouse Model. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:210-217. [PMID: 29462849 PMCID: PMC5839500 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an immune response within the central nervous system against various proinflammatory stimuli. Abnormal activation of this response contributes to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington disease. Therefore, pharmacologic modulation of abnormal neuroinflammation is thought to be a promising approach to amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the synthetic flavone derivative 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavone, investigating its anti-neuroinflammatory activity in BV2 microglial cells and in a mouse model. In BV2 microglial cells, 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavone successfully inhibited production of chemokines such as nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 in BV2 microglia. It also inhibited phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. This indicates that the anti-inflammatory activities of 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavone might be related to suppression of the proinflammatory MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Similar anti-neuroinflammatory activities of the compound were observed in the mouse model. These findings suggest that 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavone is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of microglia-related neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkwon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Joo Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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