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Macedo PE, Batista JES, Souza LR, Dafre AL, Farina M, Kuca K, Posser T, Pinto PM, Boldo JT, Franco JL. Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for screening acetylcholinesterase reactivators. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39292449 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2401382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The widely used insecticide chlorpyrifos (CP) is known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity attributed to result in various neurological disorders and acetylcholine-dependent organ functions including heart, skeletal muscle, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous systems. Enzyme reactivators, such as oximes, are known to restore AChE activity and mitigate adverse effects. The identification of compounds that reactivate AChE constitute agents with important therapeutic beneficial effects in cases of pesticide poisoning. However, the screening of novel drugs using traditional models may raise ethical concerns. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for screening AChE reactivators, with a focus on organophosphate poisoning. The efficacy of several oximes, including pralidoxime, trimedoxime, obidoxime, methoxime, HI-6, K027, and K048, against CP-induced AChE activity inhibition in D. melanogaster was determined in silico, in vitro, and in vivo experiments. Molecular docking studies indicated a strong interaction between studied oximes and the active-site gorge of AChE. Data showed that selected oximes (100 μM) are effective in the reactivation of AChE inhibited by CP (10 μM) in vitro. Finally, in vivo investigations demonstrated that selected oximes, pralidoxime and K048 (1.5 ppm), reversed the locomotor deficits, inhibition of AChE activity as well as lowered the mortality rates induced by CP (0.75 ppm). Our findings contribute to utilization of D. melanogaster as a robust model for determination of actions of identified new AChE inhibitory agents with more effective therapeutic properties that those currently in use in the clinical practice in treatment of AChE associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Echeverria Macedo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Raspanti Souza
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Thais Posser
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Juliano Tomazzoni Boldo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, Federal University of Pampa, São Gabriel, Brazil
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Liu H, Jang J, French AS, Torkkeli PH. Sequence analysis, homology modeling, tissue expression, and potential functions of seven putative acetylcholinesterases in the spider Cupiennius salei. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39230060 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholine esterases (AChEs) are essential enzymes in cholinergic synapses, terminating neurotransmission by hydrolysing acetylcholine. While membrane bound AChEs at synaptic clefts efficiently perform this task, soluble AChEs are less stable and effective, but function over broader areas. In vertebrates, a single gene produces alternatively spliced forms of AChE, whereas invertebrates often have multiple genes, producing both enzyme types. Despite their significance as pesticide targets, the physiological roles of invertebrate AChEs remain unclear. Here, we characterized seven putative AChEs in the wandering spider, Cupiennius salei, a model species for neurophysiological studies. Sequence analyses and homology modeling predicted CsAChE7 as the sole stable, membrane-bound enzyme functioning at synaptic clefts, while the others are likely soluble enzymes. In situ hybridization of sections from the spider's nervous system revealed CsAChE7 transcripts co-localizing with choline acetyltransferase in cells that also exhibited AChE activity. CsAChE7 transcripts were also found in rapidly adapting mechanosensory neurons, suggesting a role in precise and transient activation of postsynaptic cells, contrasting with slowly adapting, also cholinergic, neurons expressing only soluble AChEs, which allow prolonged activation of postsynaptic cells. These findings suggest that cholinergic transmission is influenced not only by postsynaptic receptors but also by the enzymatic properties regulating acetylcholine clearance. We also show that acetylcholine is a crucial neurotransmitter in the spider's visual system and sensory and motor pathways, but absent in excitatory motor neurons at neuromuscular junctions, consistent with other arthropods. Our findings on sequence structures may have implications for the development of neurological drugs and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jinwon Jang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrew S French
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Päivi H Torkkeli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Hamidian M, Salehi A, Naghiha R, Movahhedi Dehnavi M, Mohammadi H, Nejad Mirfathi M, Mojarab-Mahboubkar M, Azizi R. Biological activity of essential oils from Ferulago angulata and Ferula assa-foetida against food-related microorganisms (antimicrobial) and Ephestia kuehniella as a storage pest (insecticidal); an in vitro and in silico study. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105937. [PMID: 38565381 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Misuse of synthetic pesticides and antimicrobials in agriculture and the food industry has resulted in food contamination, promoting resistant pests and pathogen strains and hazards for humanity and the environment. Therefore, ever-increasing concern about synthetic chemicals has stimulated interest in eco-friendly compounds. Ferulago angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. and Ferula assa-foetida L., as medicinal species with restricted natural distribution and unknown biological potential, aimed at investigation of their essential oil (EO) biological properties, were subjected. Z-β-Ocimene and Z-1-Propenyl-sec-butyl disulfide molecules were identified as the major composition of the essential oil of the fruits of F. angulata and F. assa-foetida, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial activity and membrane destruction investigation by scanning electron microscopy imaging illustrated that F. angulata EO had potent antibacterial activity. Besides, the EOs of both plants exhibited significant anti-yeast activity against Candida albicans. In relation to insecticidal activity, both EOs indicated appropriate potential against Ephestia kuehniella; however, the F. assa-foetida EO had more toxicity on the studied pest. Among several insecticidal-related targets, acetylcholinesterase was identified as the main target of EO based on the molecular docking approach. Hence, in line with in vitro results, in silico evaluation determined that F. assa-foetida has a higher potential for inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and, consequently, better insecticide properties. Overall, in addition to the antioxidant properties of both EO, F. angulata EO could serve as an effective prevention against microbial spoilage and foodborne pathogens, and F. assa-foetida EO holds promise as a multi-purpose and natural biocide for yeast contamination and pest management particularly against E. kuehniella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hamidian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran.
| | - Reza Naghiha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Roya Azizi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Evelyn MN, Edgar PN, Soledad QC, Carlos CA, Alejandro MV, Julio AE. Insecticidal, antifeedant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of sesquiterpenoids derived from eudesmane, their molecular docking and QSAR. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105841. [PMID: 38685257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This work evaluated the insecticidal, antifeedant and AChE inhibitory activity of compounds with eudesmane skeleton. The insecticidal activity was tested against larvae of Drosophila melanogaster and Cydia pomonella, the compounds 3 and 4 were the most active (LC50 of 104.2 and 106.7 μM; 82.0 and 84.4 μM, respectively). Likewise, the mentioned compounds were those that showed the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, with IC50 of 0.26 ± 0.016 and 0.77 ± 0.016 μM, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies, as well as molecular docking, show that the compounds would be non-competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. The antifeedant activity on Plodia interpunctella larvae showed an antifeedant index (AI) of 99% at 72 h for compounds 16, 27 and 20. The QSAR studies show that the properties associated with the polarity of the compounds would be responsible for the biological activities found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muñoz-Núñez Evelyn
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pastene-Navarrete Edgar
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Quiroz-Carreño Soledad
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Céspedes-Acuña Carlos
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Madrid-Villegas Alejandro
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alarcón-Enos Julio
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformaciones, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile.
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Radić Z. Connectivity between surface and interior in catalytic subunits of acetylcholinesterases inferred from their X-ray structures. J Neurochem 2024; 168:386-396. [PMID: 36892323 PMCID: PMC10491739 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic activity and function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) have been recognized and studied for over a century and its quaternary and primary structures for about half a century, and its tertiary structure has been known for about 33 years. Clear understanding of relationships between the structure and the function is still pending for this enzyme. Hundreds of crystallographic, static snapshots of AChEs from different sources reveal largely one general backbone conformation with narrow entry into the active center gorge, tightly fit to accept one acetylcholine (ACh) molecule, in contrast to its high catalytic turnover. This short review of available X-ray structures of AChEs from electric ray Torpedo californica, mouse and human, finds some limited, yet consistent deviations in conformations of selected secondary structure elements of AChE relevant for its function. The observed conformational diversity of the acyl pocket loop of AChE, unlike the large Ω-loop, appears consistent with structurally dynamic INS data and solution-based SAXS experiments to explain its dominant role in controlling the size of the active center gorge opening, as well as connectivity between the immediate surroundings of the buried active Ser, and catalytically relevant sites on the AChE surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Radić
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Park JY, Kang SD, Son YG, Kim JY, Lee G, Kim KD, Lee SW, Kim JY. Eucalyptus globulus leaf-isolated isorhapontin serves as a natural insecticide via acetylcholinesterase inhibition. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105834. [PMID: 38582576 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors cause insect death by preventing the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which overstimulates the nervous system. In this study, isorhapontin, isolated from E. globulus leaves, was evaluated as a natural insecticide with AChE inhibition at 12.5 μM. Using kinetic analyses, we found that isorhapontin acted as a competitive inhibitor that binds to the active site of AChE. The inhibition constant (Ki) was 6.1 μM. Furthermore, isorhapontin and resveratrol, which have basic skeletons, were predicted to bind to the active site of AChE via molecular docking. A comparison of the hydrogen bonding between the two stilbenes revealed characteristic differences in their interactions with amino acids. In isorhapontin, Trp83, Gly149, Tyr162, Tyr324, and Tyr370 interacted with the sugar moiety. These results suggest that with further development, isorhapontin can be used as an insecticide alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, IALS, ABC-RLRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Doo Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, IALS, ABC-RLRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gon Son
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, IALS, ABC-RLRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, IALS, ABC-RLRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihwan Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, IALS, ABC-RLRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, IALS, ABC-RLRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea.
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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Salah D, Alfuhaid NA, Zyaan OH, Mohamed HI, Singab ANB, Farag SM. Phytochemical Investigation of Three Cystoseira Species and Their Larvicidal Activity Supported with In Silico Studies. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020117. [PMID: 36827158 PMCID: PMC9967941 DOI: 10.3390/md21020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Culex pipiens mosquitoes are transmitters of many viruses and are associated with the transmission of many diseases, such as filariasis and avian malaria, that have a high rate of mortality. The current study draws attention to the larvicidal efficacy of three methanolic algal extracts, Cystoseira myrica, C. trinodis, and C. tamariscifolia, against the third larval instar of Cx. pipiens. The UPLC-ESI-MS analysis of three methanol fractions of algal samples led to the tentative characterization of twelve compounds with different percentages among the three samples belonging to phenolics and terpenoids. Probit analysis was used to calculate the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90). The highest level of toxicity was attained after treatment with C. myrica extract using a lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of 105.06 ppm, followed by C. trinodis (135.08 ppm), and the lowest level of toxicity was achieved by C. tamariscifolia (138.71 ppm) after 24 h. The elevation of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduction of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzymes confirm the larvicidal activity of the three algal extracts. When compared to untreated larvae, all evaluated extracts revealed a significant reduction in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents, verifying their larvicidal effectiveness. To further support the observed activity, an in silico study for the identified compounds was carried out on the two tested enzymes. Results showed that the identified compounds and the tested enzymes had excellent binding affinities for each other. Overall, the current work suggests that the three algal extractions are a prospective source for the development of innovative, environmentally friendly larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza H. Aly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.H.A.); (A.N.B.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Elissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Centre of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Dina Salah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nawal Abdulaziz Alfuhaid
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ola H. Zyaan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hany I. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B. Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Centre of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.H.A.); (A.N.B.S.)
| | - Shaimaa M. Farag
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Nachon F, Brazzolotto X, Dias J, Courageux C, Drożdż W, Cao XY, Stefankiewicz AR, Lehn JM. Grid-Type Quaternary Metallosupramolecular Compounds Inhibit Human Cholinesterases through Dynamic Multivalent Interactions. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200456. [PMID: 36193860 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the implementation of coordination complexes containing two types of cationic moieties, i. e. pyridinium and ammonium quaternary salt, as potential inhibitors of human cholinesterase enzymes. Utilization of ligands containing NNO-coordination site and binding zinc metal ion allowed mono- and tetra-nuclear complexes to be obtained with corner and grid structural type, respectively, thus affecting the overall charge of the compounds (from +1 to +8). We were able to examine for the first time the multivalency effect of metallosupramolecular species on their inhibitory abilities towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Importantly, resolution of the crystal structures of the obtained enzyme-substrate complexes provided a better understanding of the inhibition process at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nachon
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place Gal Valérie André, BP87, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place Gal Valérie André, BP87, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - José Dias
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place Gal Valérie André, BP87, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Charlotte Courageux
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place Gal Valérie André, BP87, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Wojciech Drożdż
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.,Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Kong Y, Ji C, Qu J, Chen Y, Wu S, Zhu X, Niu L, Zhao M. Old pesticide, new use: Smart and safe enantiomer of isocarbophos in locust control. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112710. [PMID: 34481357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Locust plagues are still worldwide problems. Selecting active enantiomers from current chiral insecticides is necessary for controlling locusts and mitigating the pesticide pollution in agricultural lands. Herein, two enantiomers of isocarbophos (ICP) were separated and the enantioselectivity in insecticidal activity against the pest Locusta migratoria manilensis (L. migratoria) and mechanisms were investigated. The significant difference of LD50 between (+)-ICP (0.609 mg/kg bw) and (-)-ICP (79.412 mg/kg bw) demonstrated that (+)-ICP was a more effective enantiomer. The enantioselectivity in insecticidal activity of ICP enantiomers could be attributed to the selective affinity to acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results of in vivo and in vitro assays suggested that AChE was more sensitive to (+)-ICP. In addition, molecular docking showed that the -CDOKER energies of (+)-ICP and (-)-ICP were 25.6652 and 24.4169, respectively, which suggested a stronger affinity between (+)-ICP and AChE. Significant selectivity also occurred in detoxifying enzymes activities (carboxylesterases (CarEs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)) and related gene expressions. Suppression of detoxifying enzymes activities with (+)-ICP treatment suggested that (-)-ICP may induce the detoxifying enzyme-mediated ICP resistance. A more comprehensive understanding of the enantioselectivity of ICP is necessary for improving regulation and risk assessment of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jianli Qu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xinkai Zhu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering under the National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lixi Niu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering under the National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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De Boer D, Nguyen N, Mao J, Moore J, Sorin EJ. A Comprehensive Review of Cholinesterase Modeling and Simulation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:580. [PMID: 33920972 PMCID: PMC8071298 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article reviews published efforts to study acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase structure and function using computer-based modeling and simulation techniques. Structures and models of both enzymes from various organisms, including rays, mice, and humans, are discussed to highlight key structural similarities in the active site gorges of the two enzymes, such as flexibility, binding site location, and function, as well as differences, such as gorge volume and binding site residue composition. Catalytic studies are also described, with an emphasis on the mechanism of acetylcholine hydrolysis by each enzyme and novel mutants that increase catalytic efficiency. The inhibitory activities of myriad compounds have been computationally assessed, primarily through Monte Carlo-based docking calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Pharmaceutical compounds examined herein include FDA-approved therapeutics and their derivatives, as well as several other prescription drug derivatives. Cholinesterase interactions with both narcotics and organophosphate compounds are discussed, with the latter focusing primarily on molecular recognition studies of potential therapeutic value and on improving our understanding of the reactivation of cholinesterases that are bound to toxins. This review also explores the inhibitory properties of several other organic and biological moieties, as well as advancements in virtual screening methodologies with respect to these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna De Boer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Nguyet Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA; (N.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jia Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA; (N.N.); (J.M.)
| | - Jessica Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
| | - Eric J. Sorin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA;
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11
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Computational studies on cholinesterases: Strengthening our understanding of the integration of structure, dynamics and function. Neuropharmacology 2020; 179:108265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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