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Ren Y, Ma X, Yuan G, Liao J, Ma N, Li D, Lv H. Two-dimensional tetragonal AlOX (X = Cl, Br, or I) monolayers with promising photocatalytic performance: first-principles investigations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16765-16773. [PMID: 38819261 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
It is of great significance to search for new two-dimensional materials with excellent photocatalytic water splitting properties. Here, the AlOX (X = Cl, Br, or I) monolayers were constructed to explore their electronic and optical properties as a potential photocatalyst and mechanism of high photocatalytic activity by first principles calculations, for the first time. The results show that the AlOX (X = Cl, Br, or I) monolayers are all dynamically and thermodynamically stable. It is found that the AlOI monolayer exhibits visible optical absorption with a 538 nm absorption band edge, due to its direct band gap of 2.22 eV. Moreover, an appropriate band edge potential ensures its excellent reduction-oxidation (redox) ability. The asymmetry of crystals along different directions results in a noncoplanar HOMO and LUMO as well as an anisotropy effective mass and favors the separation of photogenerated carriers. These findings present the potential of the AlOX (X = Cl, Br, or I) monolayers as photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Ren
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xinguo Ma
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Float Glass, Bengbu Glass Industrial Design and Research Institute, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Jiajun Liao
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Nan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China.
| | - Di Li
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Hui Lv
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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2
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Mercer MP, Bhandari A, Peng C, Dziedzic J, Skylaris CK, Kramer D. Tuning the work function of graphite nanoparticles via edge termination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16175-16183. [PMID: 38804017 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01079e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Graphite nanoparticles are important in energy materials applications such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors and as catalyst supports. Tuning the work function of the nanoparticles allows local control of lithiation behaviour in LIBs, and the potential of zero charge of electrocatalysts and supercapacitors. Using large scale density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that the surface termination of multilayer graphene nanoparticles can substantially modify the work function. Calculations in vacuum and in electrolyte show that manipulating the edge termination substantially modifies the potential not only around the edge, but also on the basal plane. Termination with hydrogen or oxygen completely reverses the potential distribution surrounding the basal plane and edges. The trends can be explained based on the work function differences of the edges dependent on termination, and that of the basal plane. Electronic equilibration between different surfaces at the nanoscale allows manipulation of the work function. We demonstrate a link between the area of the graphite basal plane via changing the nanoparticle size, and the work function. We expect that these insights can be utilised for local control of electrochemical functions of graphite nanoparticles prepared under oxidising or reducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Mercer
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK.
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Helmut-Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Arihant Bhandari
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Chao Peng
- Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jacek Dziedzic
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk 80-233, Poland
| | - Chris K Skylaris
- The Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Denis Kramer
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Helmut-Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Koranteng-Mantey E, Kessie C, Selorm Agorku E, Kwaansa-Ansah EE, Osei-Bonsu Oppong S, Opoku F. Interfacial Electronic States of GeC/g-C 3N 4 van der Waal Heterostructure with Promising Photocatalytic Activity via Hydrogenation. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300947. [PMID: 38335116 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The bandgap of most known two-dimensional materials can be tuned by hydrogenation, although certain 2D materials lack a sufficient wide bandgap. Currently, it would be perfect to design non-toxic, low-cost, and high-performance photocatalysts for photocatalytic water splitting via hydrogenation. We systematically examine the impact of hydrogenation on the optical and electronic characteristics of GeC/g-C3N4 vdW heterostructures (vdWHs) with four different stacking patterns using first-principles calculations. The phonon spectra, interlayer distance, binding energies and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations show the kinetic, mechanical, and thermal stability of GeC/g-C3N4 vdWH after hydrogenation at 300, 500 and 800 K and possesses anisotropic Poisson's ratio, Young's and bulk modulus, suggesting that it's a promising candidate for experimental fabrication. According to an investigation of its electronic properties, GeC/g-C3N4 vdWH has a bandgap of 1.28 eV, but hydrogenation dramatically increases it to 2.47 eV. As a result of interface-induced electronic doping, the electronic states in g-C3N4 might be significantly adjusted by coming into contact with hydrogenated GeC sheets. The vdWH exhibits a type-II semiconductor, which can enhance the spatial separation of electron-hole pairs and has a strong red-shift of absorption coefficient than those of the constituent monolayers. The high potential drop caused by the significant valence and conduction band offsets effectively separated the charge carriers. The absorption coefficient of GeCH2/g-C3N4 vdWH is highly influenced by a biaxial compressive strain more than the biaxial tensile strain. Our theoretical research implies that the hydrogenated GeCH2/g-C3N4 vdWH possesses tunable optical and electronic behaviour for use as a hole-transport material in solar energy harvesting, nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Koranteng-Mantey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UP, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles Kessie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UP, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Selorm Agorku
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UP, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edward Ebow Kwaansa-Ansah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UP, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Francis Opoku
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UP, Kumasi, Ghana
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4
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Zhang Q, Cai L, Liao N, Lu Y, Zhang J, Zhang C, Zeng K. Work Function Prediction by Graph Neural Networks for Configurationally Hybridized Boron-Doped Graphene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7087-7094. [PMID: 38511875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Graphene, serving as electrodes, is widely applied in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Work function as one of the fundamental intrinsic characteristics of graphene directly affects the interfacial properties of the electrodes, thereby affecting the performance of the devices. Much work has been done to regulate the work function of graphene to expand its application fields, and doping has been demonstrated as an effective method. However, the numerous types of doped graphene make the investigation of its work function time-consuming and labor-intensive. In order to quickly obtain the relationship between the structure and property, a deep learning method is employed to predict the work function in this study. Specifically, a data set of over 30,000 compositions with the work function on boron-doped graphene at different concentrations and doping positions via density functional theory simulations was established through ab initio calculations. Then, a novel fusion model (GT-Net) combining transformers and graph neural networks (GNNs) was proposed. After that, improved effective GNN-based descriptors were developed. Finally, three different GNN methods were compared, and the results show that the proposed method could accurately predicate the work function with the R2 = 0.975 and RMSE = 0.027. This study not only provides the possibility of designing materials with specific properties at the atomic level but also demonstrates the performance of GNNs on graph-level tasks with the same graph structure and atomic number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhang
- Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Ningsheng Liao
- Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yunhua Lu
- Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Junan Zhang
- Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Kangli Zeng
- Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
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Ngo DA, Nguyen NM, Tran CK, Van Tran TT, Thi Tran NH, Thao Bui TT, Duy LT, Dang VQ. A study on a broadband photodetector based on hybrid 2D copper oxide/reduced graphene oxide. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1460-1466. [PMID: 38419870 PMCID: PMC10898423 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00796k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
These days, photodetectors are a crucial part of optoelectronic devices, ranging from environmental monitoring to international communication systems. Therefore, fabricating these devices at a low cost but obtaining high sensitivity in a wide range of wavelengths is of great interest. This report introduces a simple solution-processed hybrid 2D structure of CuO and rGO for broadband photodetector applications. Particularly, 2D CuO acts as the active material, absorbing light to generate electron-hole pairs, while 2D rGO plays the role of a transport layer, driving charge carriers between two electrodes. Our device exhibits remarkable sensitivity to a wide wavelength range from 395 nm to 945 nm (vis-NIR region). Interestingly, our devices' responsivity and photoconductive gain were calculated (under 395 nm wavelength excitation) to be up to 8 mA W-1 and 28 fold, respectively, which are comparable values with previous publications. Our hybrid 2D structure between rGO and CuO enables a potential approach for developing low-cost but high-performance optoelectronic devices, especially photodetectors, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Anh Ngo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Nhat Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Cong Khanh Tran
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Thanh Van Tran
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Nhu Hoa Thi Tran
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Thao Bui
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Le Thai Duy
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
| | - Vinh Quang Dang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street District 5 Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Center for Innovative Materials and Architectures (INOMAR) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University (VNU-HCM) Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Vietnam
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6
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Kedidi N, Ayadi T, Debbichi M. Bi-based bracelet-like monolayer with negative in-plane Poisson's ratio and enhanced photocatalytic performance: a first-principles study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:205503. [PMID: 38330467 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Auxetic materials are in high demand for advanced applications due to their relatively rare negative Poisson's ratio in two-dimensional materials. This study investigates the structural, mechanical, electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of the AsBiTe3monolayer(ML) using first-principles calculations. Through analysis of phonon dispersion curves,ab-initiomolecular dynamics simulations, and Born conditions, we have confirmed the thermal, dynamic, and mechanical stability of the AsBiTe3monolayer. The study of the mechanical properties of this material revealed significant anisotropy and a bidirectional in-plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR). In addition, electronic band structures calculated, with and without spin-orbit coupling (SOC) using the HSE functional, indicate that this monolayer exhibits the characteristics of an indirect-gap semiconductor around 1.17 and 1.32 eV, respectively. Notably, by assessing the optical properties of AsBiTe3monolayer, it has been found that this monolayer has a strong light-harvesting capability with an absorption coefficient higher than 105 cm-1in the visible region. Fascinatingly, under a biaxial 1%and 4%tensile and -2% compressive strain, the band edge of the AsBiTe3monolayer extends across the redox potential of water at pH = 0, 7 and 14, respectively. This suggests that this monolayer holds promise as a potential material for catalytic water splitting. These results should inspire further experimental and theoretical research, aimed at fully exploring the potential applications of this new class of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kedidi
- Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Laboratoire de la matière condensée et nanosciences LR11ES40, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - T Ayadi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Service de recherche en Corrosion et Comportement des Matériaux, SRMP, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Debbichi
- Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Laboratoire de la matière condensée et nanosciences LR11ES40, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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7
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Zimbovskii DS, Kapitanova O, Xu X, Panin GN, Baranov AN. Cu 2O Photocathodes Modified by Graphene Oxide and ZnO Nanoparticles with Improved Photocatalytic Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18509-18517. [PMID: 38060200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The modification of photocathodes based on copper(I) oxide (COPC) by coating with ZnO nanoparticles or graphene oxide (GO) with different compositions and morphologies is considered. To cover the catalyst surface with graphene oxide, a technique was proposed via freezing of a sprayed aqueous suspension of graphene oxide followed by sublimation drying under vacuum conditions. This method improves the uniformity of the GO layer in comparison with the traditional drop-casting method and, as a result, improves the photocatalytic properties of the COPC. The influence of the composition and morphology of graphene oxide on the photocatalytic activity and stability of COPC has been established. ZnO nanoparticles and GO particles in contact with copper(I) oxide increase the photocurrent density by the more efficient separation of light-generated charge carriers, providing higher photocathode stability required in photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii S Zimbovskii
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olesya Kapitanova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xieyu Xu
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady N Panin
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High-Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow District 142432, Russia
| | - Andrei N Baranov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Hsieh YY, Tuan HY. Oxygen Vacancy-Tailored Schottky Heterojunction Activates Interface Dipole Amplification and Carrier Inversion for High-Performance Potassium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2305342. [PMID: 37635115 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
An oxygen vacancy-tailored Schottky heterostructure composed of polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted Bi2 Sn2 O7 (PVPBSO) nanocrystals and moderate work function graphene (mWFG, WF = 4.36 eV) is designed, which in turn intensifies the built-in voltage and interface dipole across the space charge region (SCR), leading to the inversion of majority carriers for facilitating K+ transport/diffusion behaviors. Thorough band-alignment experiments and interface simulations reveal the dynamics between deficient BSO and mWFG, and how charge redistribution within the SCR leads to carrier inversion, demonstrating the impact of different defect engineering degrees on the amplification of Schottky junctions. The ordered transport of bipolar carriers can boost electrons and K ions easily passing through the inner and outer surfaces of the heterostructure. With high activity and low resistance in electrochemical reactions, the PVPBSO/mWFG exhibits an attractive capacity of 430 mA h g-1 and a rate capability exceeding 2000 mA g-1 , accompanied by minimal polarization and efficient utilization of conversion-alloying reactions. The substantial cell capacity and high-redox plateau of PVPBSO/mWFG//PB contribute to the practical feasibility of high-energy full batteries, offering long-cycle retention and high-voltage output. This study emphasizes the direct importance of interface and junction engineering in improving the efficiency of diverse electrochemical kinetic and diffusion processes for potassium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yen Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Tuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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9
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Macknojia AZ, Ayyagari A, Shevchenko E, Berman D. MXene/graphene oxide nanocomposites for friction and wear reduction of rough steel surfaces. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11057. [PMID: 37422461 PMCID: PMC10329690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of solid lubricant materials that render reliable performance in ambient conditions, are amenable to industrial size and design complexities, and work on engineered surfaces is reported. These coatings are composed of Ti3C2Tx-Graphene Oxide blends, spray-coated onto bearing steel surfaces. The tribological assessment was carried out in ambient environmental conditions and high contact pressures in a ball-on-disc experimental set-up. The evaluation yielded that the use of Ti3C2Tx-Graphene-Oxide coatings led to substantial reduction in friction down to 0.065 (at 1 GPa contact pressure and 100 mm/s) in comparison to the uncoated of single-component-coated surfaces, surpassing the state-of-the-art. The coatings also provided excellent protection against wear loss of the substrate and counter-face. The results were explained based on the observations from Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nanoindentation measurements. In operando formation of a dense, hard and stiff, dangling-bond-saturated tribolayer was observed to be the reason for the sustained lubricity even at high test loads and sliding speeds. This report presents the holistic exploration and correlation of structure-property-processing pertaining to the advancement of solid lubrication science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zayaan Macknojia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Aditya Ayyagari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
| | - Elena Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Chemistry and James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Diana Berman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
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Muhammad A, Sáenz Ezquerro C, Srivastava R, Asinari P, Laspalas M, Chiminelli A, Fasano M. Atomistic to Mesoscopic Modelling of Thermophysical Properties of Graphene-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1960. [PMID: 37446476 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
This research addresses the need for a multiscale model for the determination of the thermophysical properties of nanofiller-enhanced thermoset polymer composites. Specifically, we analyzed the thermophysical properties of an epoxy resin containing bisphenol-A diglyceryl ether (DGEBA) as an epoxy monomer and dicyandiamide (DICY) and diethylene triamine (DETA) as cross-linking agents. The cross-linking process occurs at the atomistic scale through the formation of bonds among the reactive particles within the epoxy and hardener molecules. To derive the interatomic coarse-grained potential for the mesoscopic model and match the density of the material studied through atomic simulations, we employed the iterative Boltzmann inversion method. The newly developed coarse-grained molecular dynamics model effectively reproduces various thermophysical properties of the DGEBA-DICY-DETA resin system. Furthermore, we simulated nanocomposites made of the considered epoxy additivated with graphene nanofillers at the mesoscopic level and verified them against continuum approaches. Our results demonstrate that a moderate amount of nanofillers (up to 2 wt.%) increases the elastic modulus and thermal conductivity of the epoxy resin while decreasing the Poisson's ratio. For the first time, we present a coarse-grained model of DGEBA-DICY-DETA/graphene materials, which can facilitate the design and development of composites with tunable thermophysical properties for a potentially wide range of applications, e.g., automotive, aerospace, biomedical, or energy ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Muhammad
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MUET SZAB Campus, Khairpur Mir's 66020, Pakistan
| | | | - Rajat Srivastava
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Asinari
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Manuel Laspalas
- Aragon Institute of Technology ITAINNOVA, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Matteo Fasano
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Oswald J, Beretta D, Stiefel M, Furrer R, Lohde S, Vuillaume D, Calame M. Field and Thermal Emission Limited Charge Injection in Au-C60-Graphene van der Waals Vertical Heterostructures for Organic Electronics. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:9444-9452. [PMID: 37325015 PMCID: PMC10262147 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the family of 2D materials, graphene is the ideal candidate as top or interlayer electrode for hybrid van der Waals heterostructures made of organic thin films and 2D materials due to its high conductivity and mobility and its inherent ability of forming neat interfaces without diffusing in the adjacent organic layer. Understanding the charge injection mechanism at graphene/organic semiconductor interfaces is therefore crucial to develop organic electronic devices. In particular, Gr/C60 interfaces are promising building blocks for future n-type vertical organic transistors exploiting graphene as tunneling base electrode in a two back-to-back Gr/C60 Schottky diode configuration. This work delves into the charge transport mechanism across Au/C60/Gr vertical heterostructures fabricated on Si/SiO2 using a combination of techniques commonly used in the semiconductor industry, where a resist-free CVD graphene layer functions as a top electrode. Temperature-dependent electrical measurements show that the transport mechanism is injection limited and occurs via Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at low temperature, while it is dominated by a nonideal thermionic emission at room and high temperatures, with energy barriers at room temperature of ca. 0.58 and 0.65 eV at the Gr/C60 and Au/C60 interfaces, respectively. Impedance spectroscopy confirms that the organic semiconductor is depleted, and the energy band diagram results in two electron blocking interfaces. The resulting rectifying nature of the Gr/C60 interface could be exploited in organic hot electron transistors and vertical organic permeable-base transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Oswald
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Beretta
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stiefel
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Furrer
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Lohde
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute
of Electronic, Microelectronic and Nanotechnology (IEMN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villeneuve d’Ascq 59652, France
| | - Michel Calame
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Kim H, Kim DH, Jeong Y, Lee DS, Son J, An S. Chemical gradients on graphene via direct mechanochemical cleavage of atoms from chemically functionalized graphene surfaces. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2271-2279. [PMID: 37056614 PMCID: PMC10089115 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the surface chemistry of graphene is critical to many applications that are achievable by chemical functionalization. Specifically, tailoring the spatial distribution of functional groups offers more opportunities to explore functionality using continuous changes in surface energy. To this end, careful consideration is required to demonstrate the chemical gradient on graphene surfaces, and it is necessary to develop a technique to pattern the spatial distribution of functional groups. Here, we demonstrate the tailoring of a chemical gradient through direct mechanochemical cleavage of atoms from chemically functionalized graphene surfaces via an atomic force microscope. Additionally, we define the surface characteristics of the fabricated sample by using lateral force microscopy revealing the materials' intrinsic properties at the nanoscale. Furthermore, we perform the cleaning process of the obtained lateral force images by using a machine learning method of truncated singular value decomposition. This work provides a useful technique for many applications utilizing continuous changes in the surface energy of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsu Kim
- Department of Physics, Institute of Photonics and Information Technology, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 South Korea
| | - Yunjo Jeong
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
| | - Dong-Su Lee
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
| | - Jangyup Son
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School University of Science and Technology (UST) Jeonbuk 55324 South Korea
| | - Sangmin An
- Department of Physics, Institute of Photonics and Information Technology, Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 South Korea
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13
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Oswald J, Beretta D, Stiefel M, Furrer R, Vuillaume D, Calame M. The Effect of C60 and Pentacene Adsorbates on the Electrical Properties of CVD Graphene on SiO 2. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1134. [PMID: 36986028 PMCID: PMC10052095 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an excellent 2D material for vertical organic transistors electrodes due to its weak electrostatic screening and field-tunable work function, in addition to its high conductivity, flexibility and optical transparency. Nevertheless, the interaction between graphene and other carbon-based materials, including small organic molecules, can affect the graphene electrical properties and therefore, the device performances. This work investigates the effects of thermally evaporated C60 (n-type) and Pentacene (p-type) thin films on the in-plane charge transport properties of large area CVD graphene under vacuum. This study was performed on a population of 300 graphene field effect transistors. The output characteristic of the transistors revealed that a C60 thin film adsorbate increased the graphene hole density by (1.65 ± 0.36) × 1012 cm-2, whereas a Pentacene thin film increased the graphene electron density by (0.55 ± 0.54) × 1012 cm-2. Hence, C60 induced a graphene Fermi energy downshift of about 100 meV, while Pentacene induced a Fermi energy upshift of about 120 meV. In both cases, the increase in charge carriers was accompanied by a reduced charge mobility, which resulted in a larger graphene sheet resistance of about 3 kΩ at the Dirac point. Interestingly, the contact resistance, which varied in the range 200 Ω-1 kΩ, was not significantly affected by the deposition of the organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Oswald
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Beretta
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stiefel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Furrer
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institute for Electronic, Microelectronic and Nanotechnology (IEMN), 59652 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Michel Calame
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Saini P, Kumar K, Sethi M, Saini S, Nag P, Meena ML, Rathore KS, Dandia A, Vennapusa SR, Lin SD, Weigand W, Parewa V. Photosensitized Radical-Anion-Driven Metal-Free Selective Reduction of Aldehydes Using Graphene Oxide as an Electron Relay Mediator under Visible Light. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6970-6981. [PMID: 36701196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the modern boost, developing a new photocatalytic system for the reduction of aldehydes is still challenging due to their high negative reduction potential. Herein, we have used a metal-free photoinduced electron-transfer system based on a cheap and readily available organic dye eosin Y (EY), graphene oxide (GO), and ammonium oxalate (AO) for photocatalytic reduction of structurally diverse aldehydes under sustainable conditions. The protocol shows remarkable selectivity for the photocatalytic reduction of aldehydes over ketones. The decisive interaction of GO and AO with the various states of EY (ground, singlet, triplet, and radical anions), which are responsible for the commencement of the reaction, was examined by various theoretical, optical, electrochemical, and photo-electrochemical studies. The synergetic system of GO, EY, and AO is appropriate for enhancing the separation efficiency of visible-light-induced charge carriers. GO nanosheets act as an electron reservoir to accept and transport photogenerated electrons from the photocatalytic system to the reactant. The reduction of the GO during the process ruled out the back transfer of photoexcited charges. Control experiments explained that the reaction involves two stages: electron transfer and protonation. This process eliminates the necessity of precious-metal-based photocatalysts or detrimental sacrificial agents and overcomes the redox potential limitations for the photoreduction of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
- Institute Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldt Street 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Mukul Sethi
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Probal Nag
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Mohan Lal Meena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Kuldeep S Rathore
- Department of Physics, Arya College of Engineering and IT, Jaipur 302028, India
| | - Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Shawn D Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldt Street 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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15
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Gkika DA, Karmali V, Lambropoulou DA, Mitropoulos AC, Kyzas GZ. Membranes Coated with Graphene-Based Materials: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:127. [PMID: 36837630 PMCID: PMC9965639 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a popular material with outstanding properties due to its single layer. Graphene and its oxide have been put to the test as nano-sized building components for separation membranes with distinctive structures and adjustable physicochemical attributes. Graphene-based membranes have exhibited excellent water and gas purification abilities, which have garnered the spotlight over the past decade. This work aims to examine the most recent science and engineering cutting-edge advances of graphene-based membranes in regard to design, production and use. Additional effort will be directed towards the breakthroughs in synthesizing graphene and its composites to create various forms of membranes, such as nanoporous layers, laminates and graphene-based compounds. Their efficiency in separating and decontaminating water via different techniques such as cross-linking, layer by layer and coating will also be explored. This review intends to offer comprehensive, up-to-date information that will be useful to scientists of multiple disciplines interested in graphene-based membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina A. Gkika
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karmali
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
- School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
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16
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Oswald J, Beretta D, Stiefel M, Furrer R, Romio A, Mansour MD, Vuillaume D, Calame M. Charge Transport Across Au-P3HT-Graphene van der Waals Vertical Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48240-48249. [PMID: 36239396 PMCID: PMC9614726 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid van der Waals heterostructures based on 2D materials and/or organic thin films are being evaluated as potential functional devices for a variety of applications. In this context, the graphene/organic semiconductor (Gr/OSC) heterostructure could represent the core element to build future vertical organic transistors based on two back-to-back Gr/OSC diodes sharing a common graphene sheet, which functions as the base electrode. However, the assessment of the Gr/OSC potential still requires a deeper understanding of the charge carrier transport across the interface as well as the development of wafer-scale fabrication methods. This work investigates the charge injection and transport across Au/OSC/Gr vertical heterostructures, focusing on poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) as the OSC, where the PMMA-free graphene layer functions as the top electrode. The structures are fabricated using a combination of processes widely exploited in semiconductor manufacturing and therefore are suited for industrial upscaling. Temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements and impedance spectroscopy show that the charge transport across both device interfaces is injection-limited by thermionic emission at high bias, while it is space charge limited at low bias, and that the P3HT can be assumed fully depleted in the high bias regime. From the space charge limited model, the out-of-plane charge carrier mobility in P3HT is found to be equal to μ ≈ 2.8 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1, similar to the in-plane mobility reported in previous works, while the charge carrier density is N0 ≈ 1.16 × 1015 cm-3, also in agreement with previously reported values. From the thermionic emission model, the energy barriers at the Gr/P3HT and Au/P3HT interfaces result in 0.30 eV and 0.25 eV, respectively. Based on the measured barriers heights, the energy band diagram of the vertical heterostructure is proposed under the hypothesis that P3HT is fully depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Oswald
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Davide Beretta
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stiefel
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Roman Furrer
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Romio
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Michel Daher Mansour
- Institute
of Electronic, Microelectronic and Nanotechnology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villeneuve d’Ascq59652, France
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute
of Electronic, Microelectronic and Nanotechnology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villeneuve d’Ascq59652, France
| | - Michel Calame
- Transport
at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, EMPA,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, DübendorfCH-8600, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, BaselCH-4056, Switzerland
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17
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Mehmood S, Khan FU, Shah MN, Ma J, Yang Y, Li G, Xu W, Zhao X, He W, Pan X. A novel room-temperature formaldehyde gas sensor based on walnut-like WO3 modification on Ni–graphene composites. Front Chem 2022; 10:971859. [PMID: 36157033 PMCID: PMC9500379 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.971859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ternary composite with great modulation of electron transfers has attracted a lot of attention from the field of high-performance room-temperature (RT) gas sensing. Herein, walnut-like WO3-Ni–graphene ternary composites were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method for formaldehyde (HCHO) sensing at RT. The structural and morphological analyses were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM and TEM studies confirmed that walnut-like WO3 nanostructures with an average size of 53 ± 23 nm were functionalized. The Raman and XPS results revealed that, due to the deformation of the O-W-O lattice, surface oxygen vacancies Ov and surface-adsorbed oxygen species Oc were present. The gas-sensing measurement shows that the response of the WO3-Ni-Gr composite (86.8%) was higher than that of the Ni-Gr composite (22.7%) for 500 ppm HCHO at RT. Gas-sensing enhancement can be attributed to a p-n heterojunction formation between WO3 and Ni-Gr, Oc, spill-over effect of Ni decoration, and a special walnut-like structure. Moreover, long term stability (%R = 61.41 ± 1.66) for 30 days and high selectivity in the presence of other gases against HCHO suggested that the proposed sensor could be an ideal candidate for future commercial HCHO-sensing in a real environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mehmood
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Faheem Ullah Khan
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhmmad Naeem Shah
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junxian Ma
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yatao Yang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guijun Li
- Key Labortary of Optoelectronics Devices and System of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelctronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhao
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei He
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofang Pan
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofang Pan,
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18
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Ejehi F, Shooshtari L, Mohammadpour R, Asadian E, Sasanpour P. Self-powered ultraviolet/visible photodetector based on graphene-oxide via triboelectric nanogenerators performing by finger tapping. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:475205. [PMID: 35977448 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8a52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-sufficient power sources provide a promising application of abundant electronic devices utilized in detection of ambient properties. Recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been widely investigated to broaden the self-powered systems by converting the ambient mechanical agitations into electrical voltage and current. Graphene oxide (GO), not only for sensing applications but also as a brilliant energy-related nanomaterial, provides a wide range of controllable bandgap energies, as well as facile synthesis route. In this study, GO-based self-powered photodetectors have been fabricated by conflating the photosensitivity and triboelectric characteristics of freestanding GO paper. In this regard, photodetection via TENGs has been investigated in two forms of active and passive circuits for ultraviolet (UV) and visible illumination. The photodetector responsivity upon UV enhanced from 0.011 mA W-1for conventional GO-photoresistors up to 13.41 mA W-1by active photodetection setup. Moreover, applying the active-TENG improved the efficiency from 0.25% (in passive TENG) to 4.21%. Our findings demonstrate that active TENGs might enable materials with insignificant optical response to represent considerably higher light-sensitivity by means of synergizing the effect of TENG output changes with opto-electronical properties of desired layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ejehi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Leyla Shooshtari
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Raheleh Mohammadpour
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Elham Asadian
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Nanoscience, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), PO Box 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Study of the water-oil interfacial activity of amino-modified graphene oxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Role of Junctionless Mode in Improving the Photosensitivity of Sub-10 nm Carbon Nanotube/Nanoribbon Field-Effect Phototransistors: Quantum Simulation, Performance Assessment, and Comparison. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101639. [PMID: 35630861 PMCID: PMC9147980 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article, ultrascaled junctionless (JL) field-effect phototransistors based on carbon nanotube/nanoribbons with sub-10 nm photogate lengths were computationally assessed using a rigorous quantum simulation. This latter self-consistently solves the Poisson equation with the mode space (MS) non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism in the ballistic limit. The adopted photosensing principle is based on the light-induced photovoltage, which alters the electrostatics of the carbon-based junctionless nano-phototransistors. The investigations included the photovoltage behavior, the I-V characteristics, the potential profile, the energy-position-resolved electron density, and the photosensitivity. In addition, the subthreshold swing–photosensitivity dependence as a function of change in carbon nanotube (graphene nanoribbon) diameter (width) was thoroughly analyzed while considering the electronic proprieties and the quantum physics in carbon nanotube/nanoribbon-based channels. As a result, the junctionless paradigm substantially boosted the photosensitivity and improved the scaling capability of both carbon phototransistors. Moreover, from the point of view of comparison, it was found that the junctionless graphene nanoribbon field-effect phototransistors exhibited higher photosensitivity and better scaling capability than the junctionless carbon nanotube field-effect phototransistors. The obtained results are promising for modern nano-optoelectronic devices, which are in dire need of high-performance ultra-miniature phototransistors.
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21
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Huang SD, Chu ED, Wang YH, Liou JW, Wang RS, Woon WY, Chiu HC. Variations in the Effective Work Function of Graphene in a Sliding Electrical Contact Interface under Ambient Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27328-27338. [PMID: 35438951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Control of work function (WF) in graphene is crucial for graphene application in electrode material replacement and electrode surface protection in optoelectronic devices. Although efforts have been made to manipulate the effective WF of graphene to optimize its application, most studies have focused on graphene employed in static electrical contact interfaces. In this work, we investigated WF variations of supported single-layer graphene (SLG) in sliding electrical contact under ambient conditions, which was achieved by sliding an electrically biased conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) probe on the SLG surface. The effective WF, structural properties, and chemical compositions of rubbed SLG were subsequently measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. We found that the effective WF of the rubbed SLG was governed by both the tunneling triboelectric effect (TTE) and tribochemical-induced surface functionalization. The TTE charges generated by the sliding cAFM probe tunneled through the structural defects of the SLG and were trapped underneath the SLG. The SLG will be either p-doped or n-doped depending on the type of TTE charges and the polarity of electric bias applied to the cAFM probe during the rubbing process. However, the applied electric bias also led to the electrolysis of a water meniscus formed at the cAFM probe-SLG contact, resulting in surface oxidation and the increase of SLG WF. Further absorption of ambient water molecules on the oxygenated functional groups gradually reduced the SLG WF. The influence of TTE and surface functionalization on the SLG WF depends on the magnitude and polarity of applied electric biases, relative humidity, and physical properties of the supporting substrates. Our results demonstrate that the effective WF of SLG in a sliding electrical contact interface will vary with time and might need to be considered for related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuei-De Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - En-De Chu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Wei Liou
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Si Wang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yen Woon
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chih Chiu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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22
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PEDOT-Carbon Nanotube Counter Electrodes and Bipyridine Cobalt (II/III) Mediators as Universally Compatible Components in Bio-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Photosystem I and Bacteriorhodopsin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073865. [PMID: 35409224 PMCID: PMC8998335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, solar energy is captured by different types of light harvesting protein–pigment complexes. Two of these photoactivatable proteins are bacteriorhodopsin (bR), which utilizes a retinal moiety to function as a proton pump, and photosystem I (PSI), which uses a chlorophyll antenna to catalyze unidirectional electron transfer. Both PSI and bR are well characterized biochemically and have been integrated into solar photovoltaic (PV) devices built from sustainable materials. Both PSI and bR are some of the best performing photosensitizers in the bio-sensitized PV field, yet relatively little attention has been devoted to the development of more sustainable, biocompatible alternative counter electrodes and electrolytes for bio-sensitized solar cells. Careful selection of the electrolyte and counter electrode components is critical to designing bio-sensitized solar cells with more sustainable materials and improved device performance. This work explores the use of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PEDOT/CNT) as counter electrodes and aqueous-soluble bipyridine cobaltII/III complexes as direct redox mediators for both PSI and bR devices. We report a unique counter electrode and redox mediator system that can perform remarkably well for both bio-photosensitizers that have independently evolved over millions of years. The compatibility of disparate proteins with common mediators and counter electrodes may further the improvement of bio-sensitized PV design in a way that is more universally biocompatible for device outputs and longevity.
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23
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Jin C, Cheng L, Feng G, Ye R, Lu ZH, Zhang R, Yu X. Adsorption of Transition-Metal Clusters on Graphene and N-Doped Graphene: A DFT Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3694-3710. [PMID: 35285652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using the dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D3) method, we systematically studied the adsorption of 15 kinds of transition-metal (TM) clusters on pristine graphene (Gr) and N-doped graphene (N-Gr). It has been found that TMn (n = 1-4) clusters adsorbed on the N-Gr surface are much stronger than those on the pristine Gr surface, while 3d series clusters present similar geometries on Gr and N-Gr surfaces. The most preferred sites of TMs migrate from hollow to bridge to the top site on the Gr surface along the d series in the periodic table, while the preferred sites of TMs migrate in a much more complex manner on the N-Gr surface. It has also been found that charge transfer decreases along the d series for adsorbed clusters on both surfaces, but adsorbed clusters present less charge transfer on the N-Gr surface than on the Gr surface. What is more interesting is that some TM (Tc, Ru, and Re) clusters change the growth mechanism from the three-dimensional (3D) growth mode on the Gr surface to the two-dimensional (2D) growth mode on the N-Gr surface. At last, it has been found that adsorbed clusters are more dispersed on the N-Gr surface than on the pristine Gr surface due to growth and average aggregation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Gang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Runping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Hui Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Rongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Yu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Sciences, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, P. R. China
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24
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Ishfaq K, Asad M, Harris M, Alfaify A, Anwar S, Lamberti L, Scutaru ML. EDM of Ti-6Al-4V under Nano-Graphene Mixed Dielectric: A Detailed Investigation on Axial and Radial Dimensional Overcuts. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030432. [PMID: 35159777 PMCID: PMC8837981 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V is considered a challenging material in terms of accurate machining. Therefore, electric discharge machining (EDM) is commonly engaged, but its low cutting rate depreciates its use. This issue is resolved if graphene nanoparticles are mixed in the dielectric. However, the control over the sparking phenomenon reduces because of the dispersion of graphene particles. Subsequently, the machined profile’s geometric accuracy is compromised. Furthermore, the presence of nanographene induces different sparks along axial and radial cutting orientations. This aspect has not been comprehensively examined yet and dedicatedly targeted in this study to improve the quality of EDM process for Ti-6Al-4V. A total of 18 experiments were conducted under Taguchi’s L18 design considering six parameters namely, electrode type, polarity, flushing time, spark voltage, pulse time ratio, and discharge current. The aluminum electrode proved to be the best choice to reduce the errors in both the cutting orientations. Despite the other parametric settings, negative tool polarity yields lower values of axial (ADE) and radial errors (RDE). The developed optimal settings ensure 4.4- and 6.3-times reduction in RDE and ADE, respectively. In comparison to kerosene, graphene-based dielectric yields 10.2% and 19.4% reduction in RDE and ADE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Ishfaq
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 548900, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 548900, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Harris
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, Rachna College of Engineering and Technology, Gujranwala 52250, Pakistan;
| | - Abdullah Alfaify
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Saqib Anwar
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Luciano Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Luminita Scutaru
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, B-dul Eroilor No 29, 500036 Brasov, Romania
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (M.L.S.)
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25
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He J, Zheng T, Wu D, Zhang S, Gu M, He Q. Insights into the Determining Effect of Carbon Support Properties on Anchoring Active Sites in Fe–N–C Catalysts toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Tianlong Zheng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Duojie Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuomeng Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
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26
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Gong X, Ma X, Wan F, Duan W, Yang X, Zhu J. Study on the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Two-dimensional Monolayer MoSi 2X 4 (X=N, P, As). ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Mustafa H, Yu Y, Zafar A, Liu Y, Karim S, Javed S, Mehboob S, Sun H, Hussain S, Shah AU, Hussain SZ, Safdar A, Nisar A, Ahmad M. MWCNT synergy for boosting the electrochemical kinetics of V2O5 cathode for lithium-ion batteries. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06245j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
V2O5/MWCNT hybrid system has been developed and investigated as cathode in LIBs. The developed electrode shows superior performance as compare to pristine V2O5 and V2O5/rGO hybrid structure due to the synergy between V2O5 and MWCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamna Mustafa
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yanlong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, P. R. China
| | - Amina Zafar
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Central Analytical Facility Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yanguo Liu
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Shafqat Karim
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Javed
- Theoretical Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Hongyu Sun
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Shafqat Hussain
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ullah Shah
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | | | - Amna Safdar
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Nisar
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mashkoor Ahmad
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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28
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Abstract
The thin-film organic solar cells (OSCs) are currently one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies to effectively harvest the solar energy due to their attractive features of mechanical flexibility, light weight, low-cost manufacturing, and solution-processed large-scale fabrication, etc. However, the relative insufficient light absorption, short exciton diffusion distance, and low carrier mobility of the OSCs determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices are relatively lower than their inorganic photovoltaic counterparts. To conquer the challenges, the two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, which have excellent photoelectric properties, tunable energy band structure, and solvent compatibility etc., exhibit the great potential to enhance the performance of the OSCs. In this review, we summarize the most recent successful applications of the 2D materials, including graphene, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides, and g-C3N4, etc., adapted in the charge transporting layer, the active layer, and the electrode of the OSCs, respectively, for boosting the PCE and stability of the devices. The strengths and weaknesses of the 2D materials in the application of OSCs are also reviewed in details. Additionally, the challenges, commercialization potentials, and prospects for the further development of 2D materials-based OSCs are outlined in the end.
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29
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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30
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Gómez-Pérez J, Pravda Bartus C, Szamosvölgyi Á, Sapi A, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á. Electronic work function modulation of phosphorene by thermal oxidation. 2D MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ac2f21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the variation of the work function of phosphorene during thermal oxidation at different temperatures. The ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy results show an N-shaped behaviour that is explained by the oxidation process and the dangling-to-interstitial conversion at elevated temperatures. The exfoliation degree and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the formation of native oxides in the top-most layer that passivates the material. Ex-situ XPS reveals the full oxidation of monolayers at temperatures higher than 140 °C, but few-layer phosphorene withstands the thermal oxidation even up to 200 °C with slight modifications of the A
2
g/A
1
g and A
2
g/B
2g vibrational mode ratios and a weak fluorescence in the Raman spectra of the heat-treated samples.
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31
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De Souza LA, Monteiro de Castro G, Marques LF, Belchior JC. A DFT investigation of lithium adsorption on graphenes as a potential anode material in lithium-ion batteries. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 108:107998. [PMID: 34371459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a detailed study of the Li+ ion adsorption on two different hydrogenated carbon nanostructures, namely as pristine graphene (PG) and topologic Stone-Wales defective graphene (SWG) using the density functional theory (DFT). The studies are focused to analyze the structure-stability relationship with the estimated electronic and electrical properties for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) formed with an anode based on the Li/Li+#PG and Li/Li+#SWG systems. In addition, the electronic effects induced due to Li+ adsorption and the presence of SW defect on the graphene models were analyzed by the frontier molecular orbitals, ChelpG charges, Raman and UV-Vis spectra. It was verified that Li+ is more stably adsorbed on the edges on both graphene structures through an electrostatic interaction between cation and more negatively charged edges of nanostructures. TD-DFT calculations showed that the metallic nature of isolated graphene is disturbed after the adsorption of Li+, and this was demonstrated from the calculated HOMO-LUMO gap. The same Li+-Graphene geometries were optimized by introducing neutral charge in order to enable the calculation of ionization potentials. I was also found that such systems potentially contributed to the modeling of graphene-based anodes with reasonable electrical voltage responses estimated for a LIB. The simulation of Raman and UV-Vis spectra revealed significant variations in intensity and shifts the typical bands of graphene due to the presence of the Li+ ion that can contribute to point out new experiments to the spectroscopic characterization of these systems. Our results suggest that these carbon nanostructures are potential candidates for efficient applications in electrochemical systems, mainly dealing with LIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A De Souza
- Núcleo de Estudos em Química Inorgânica Teórica (NEQuIT), Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Campus Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil.
| | - G Monteiro de Castro
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Campus Universitário, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - L F Marques
- Laboratório de Química de Coordenação e Espectroscopia de Lantanídeos (LQCEL), Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Campus Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-013, Brazil
| | - J C Belchior
- Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Campus Universitário, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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32
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Pagaduan JN, Hight-Huf N, Datar A, Nagar Y, Barnes M, Naveh D, Ramasubramaniam A, Katsumata R, Emrick T. Electronic Tuning of Monolayer Graphene with Polymeric "Zwitterists". ACS NANO 2021; 15:2762-2770. [PMID: 33512145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Work function engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials by application of polymer coatings represents a research thrust that promises to enhance the performance of electronic devices. While polymer zwitterions have been demonstrated to significantly modify the work function of both metal electrodes and 2D materials due to their dipole-rich structure, the impact of zwitterion chemical structure on work function modulation is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we synthesized a series of sulfobetaine-based zwitterionic random copolymers with variable substituents and used them in lithographic patterning for the preparation of negative-tone resists (i.e., "zwitterists") on monolayer graphene. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy indicated a significant work function reduction, as high as 1.5 eV, induced by all polymer zwitterions when applied as ultrathin films (<10 nm) on monolayer graphene. Of the polymers studied, the piperidinyl-substituted version, produced the largest dipole normal to the graphene sheet, thereby inducing the maximum work function reduction. Density functional theory calculations probed the influence of zwitterion composition on dipole orientation, while lithographic patterning allowed for evaluation of surface potential contrast via Kelvin probe force microscopy. Overall, this polymer "zwitterist" design holds promise for fine-tuning 2D materials electronics with spatial control based on the chemistry of the polymer coating and the dimensions of the lithographic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yehiel Nagar
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - Doron Naveh
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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33
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Im MJ, Hyeong SK, Park M, Lee SK, Kim TW, Jung GY, Bae S. Sandwich-Doping for a Large Schottky Barrier and Long-Term Stability in Graphene/Silicon Schottky Junction Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3973-3979. [PMID: 33585774 PMCID: PMC7876857 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Doping is an effective method for controlling the electrical properties and work function of graphene which can improve the power conversion efficiency of graphene-based Schottky junction solar cells (SJSCs). However, in previous approaches, the stability of chemical doping decreased over time due to the decomposition of dopants on the surface of graphene under ambient conditions. Here, we report an efficient and strong p-doping by simple sandwich doping on both the top and bottom surfaces of graphene. We confirmed that the work function of sandwich-doped graphene increased by 0.61 eV and its sheet resistance decreased by 305.8 Ω/sq, compared to those of the pristine graphene. Therefore, the graphene-silicon SJSCs that used sandwich-doped graphene had a power conversion efficiency of 10.02%, which was 334% higher than that (2.998%) of SJSCs that used pristine graphene. The sandwich-doped graphene-based silicon SJSCs had excellent long-term stability over 45 days without additional encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Im
- Functional
Composite Materials Research Center, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic
of Korea
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju
Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Hyeong
- Functional
Composite Materials Research Center, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic
of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Functional
Composite Materials Research Center, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seoung-Ki Lee
- Functional
Composite Materials Research Center, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic
of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Department
of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Jeonbuk
National University, Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic
of Korea
| | - Gun Young Jung
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju
Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukang Bae
- Functional
Composite Materials Research Center, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic
of Korea
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34
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Vinoth Kumar SHB, Muydinov R, Szyszka B. Plasma Assisted Reduction of Graphene Oxide Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:382. [PMID: 33546135 PMCID: PMC7913195 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen enormous efforts in the investigation and development of reduced graphene oxide (GO) and its applications. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) derived from GO is known to have relatively inferior electronic characteristics when compared to pristine graphene. Yet, it has its significance attributed to high-yield production from inexpensive graphite, ease of fabrication with solution processing, and thus a high potential for large-scale applications and commercialization. Amongst several available approaches for GO reduction, the mature use of plasma technologies is noteworthy. Plasma technologies credited with unique merits are well established in the field of nanotechnology and find applications across several fields. The use of plasma techniques for GO development could speed up the pathway to commercialization. In this report, we review the state-of-the-art status of plasma techniques used for the reduction of GO-films. The strength of various techniques is highlighted with a summary of the main findings in the literature. An analysis is included through the prism of chemistry and plasma physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Hari Bharath Vinoth Kumar
- Institute of High-Frequency and Semiconductor System Technologies, Technische Universität Berlin, HFT 5-2, Einsteinufer 25, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (R.M.); (B.S.)
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35
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Hartmann G, Hwang GS. First-principles description of electrocatalytic characteristics of graphene-like materials. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:214704. [PMID: 33291888 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene-like materials (GLMs) have received much attention as a potential alternative to precious metal-based electrocatalysts. However, the description of their electrocatalytic characteristics may still need to be improved, especially under constant chemical potential. Unlike the case of conventional metal electrodes, the potential drop across the electrical double layer (ϕD) at the electrode-electrolyte interface can deviate substantially from the applied voltage (ϕapp) due to a shift of the Dirac point (eϕG) with charging. This may in turn significantly alter the interfacial capacitance (CT) and the relationship between ϕapp and free-energy change (ΔF). Hence, accurate evaluation of the electrode contribution is necessary to better understand and optimize the electrocatalytic properties of GLMs. In this work, we revisit and compare first-principles methods available to describe the ϕapp-∆F relation. Grand-canonical density functional theory is used to determine ΔF as a function of ϕapp or electrode potential (ϕq), from which the relative contribution of eϕG is estimated. In parallel, eϕG is directly extracted from a density functional theory analysis of the electronic structure of uncharged GLMs. The results of both methods are found to be in close agreement for pristine graphene, but their predictions deviate noticeably in the presence of adsorbates; the origin of the discrepancy is analyzed and explained. We then evaluate the application of the first-principle methods to prediction of the electrocatalytic processes, taking the reduction (hydrogenation) and oxidation (hydroxylation) reactions on pristine graphene as examples. Our work highlights the vital role of the modification of the electrode electronic structure in determining the electrocatalytic performance of GLMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Hartmann
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gyeong S Hwang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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36
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Dedic M, Gutic S, Gicevic A, Becic E, Imamovic B, Markovic D, Ziga-Smajic N. Application of membrane filters in determination of the adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride on graphene oxide. PHARMACIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e57242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper shows the use of membrane filters in adsorption of solution of tetracycline hydrochloride on graphene materials. The adsorption process was monitored at different wavelengths, different pH values at certain time intervals.
The absorbances of the solutions were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at two wavelengths (275 nm and 356 nm), and three pH values (pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10) every 90 minutes for 6 hours of monitoring, with constant stirring in an ultrasonic bath.
The results showed decrease in absorbance at both wavelength and in all three pH values which proved the adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride on GO and rGO. The largest decrease in absorbance was 98.1%. The most suitable pH value for adsorption was pH 4.
This paper used a unique approach to filtration through membrane filters, which in the future could lead to the development of membrane filters based on graphene materials.
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Sahithi A, Sumithra K. Adsorption and sensing of CO and NH 3 on chemically modified graphene surfaces. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42318-42326. [PMID: 35516766 PMCID: PMC9057994 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the electronic structure and adsorption characteristics of environmentally potent gaseous molecules like carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH3) on chemically modified surfaces of graphene, employing ab initio density functional methods. An insight into the changes made in the electronic band structure due to intrinsic and extrinsic doping and through a combined effect of both is discussed. With this regard, the adsorption of these gaseous moieties is investigated on substitutionally p- and n- doped graphene surfaces, doped with various mole fractions and having different configurational patterns on the surface. Even though the electronic properties are modified with various mole fractions of doping they do not show a methodical increase with the increase in the dopant concentration. This is attributed to the sub-lattice induced symmetry breaking for the dopant configurations where equivalent lattice sites are occupied on the surface. An appreciable band gap opening of around 0.63 eV is observed on doping, due to sub-lattice symmetry breaking. This is further improved on molecular doping, with CO and NH3, where an increase up to 0.83 eV is noted with adsorption of ammonia. While both the molecules are physisorbed on nitrogen doped surfaces, carbon monoxide is strongly physisorbed and ammonia molecules are chemisorbed on a few boron doped surfaces resulting in notable changes in the adsorption energy. Therefore, it is clear that changes in the transport properties can be brought about by adsorption of these molecules on such surfaces and this study clearly indicates the invaluable prospects of such doped surfaces as potential sensors for these molecules. We have studied the electronic structure and adsorption characteristics of environmentally potent gaseous molecules like carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia (NH3) on chemically modified surfaces of graphene, employing ab initio density functional methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sahithi
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Hyderabad Campus Shamirpet Telangana state 500078 India
| | - K Sumithra
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Hyderabad Campus Shamirpet Telangana state 500078 India
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38
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Kundu S, Bramhaiah K, Bhattacharyya S. Carbon-based nanomaterials: in the quest of alternative metal-free photocatalysts for solar water splitting. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5130-5151. [PMID: 36132049 PMCID: PMC9417472 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the alarming problems of modern civilization is global warming due to the inevitable rise of CO2 in the environment, mainly because of the excessive use of traditional fossil fuels. The gradual depletion of fossil fuels is another challenge regarding the future energy demand; therefore, alternative renewable energy research is necessary. One of the alternative approaches is the solar fuel generation by means of photocatalytic water splitting and more specifically, hydrogen evolution from water through the reductive half-reaction. Hydrogen is the cleanest fuel and does not produce any greenhouse gas upon direct combustion, or even while acting as a chemical feedstock for other transportable fuel generation. Therefore, it is desirable to produce efficient photocatalysts for solar water splitting. After the discovery of the first photocatalytic water splitting reaction by Fujisima and Honda, several advancements have been made with metal-based inorganic semiconductor photo-catalysts. However, their practical applicability is still under debate considering the environmental sustainability, stability and economical expenses. As a result, it is essential to develop alternate photocatalysts that are environmentally sustainable, cost-effective, stable and highly efficient. The metal-free approach is one of the most promising approaches in this regard. Herein, we discuss the recent developments in carbon-based materials and their hybrids as alternative metal free photocatalysts for solar water splitting. The present discussion includes g-C3N4, two-dimensional graphene/graphene oxides, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes/carbon nanofibers and zero-dimensional graphene QDs/carbon dots. We have focused on the rectification of exciton generation, charge separation and interfacial photochemical processes for photocatalysis, followed by possible optimization pathways of these typical all carbon-based materials. Finally, we have highlighted several fundamental challenges and their possible solutions, as well as the future direction on this particular aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simanta Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Shibpur Dinobundhoo Institution (College) 412/1, G. T. Road (South), Shibpur Howrah West Bengal 711102 India
| | - Kommula Bramhaiah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Berhampur, Transit Campus (Govt. ITI) Eng. School Road Berhampur Odisha 760010 India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Berhampur, Transit Campus (Govt. ITI) Eng. School Road Berhampur Odisha 760010 India
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39
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Wang Y, Duan X, Xie Y, Sun H, Wang S. Nanocarbon-Based Catalytic Ozonation for Aqueous Oxidation: Engineering Defects for Active Sites and Tunable Reaction Pathways. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Yongbing Xie
- Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia 6027, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Abstract
In recent years, graphene-based nanomaterials have been increasingly and widely used in numerous industrial sectors. In the drilling industry, graphene oxide in cement slurry has significantly improved the mechanical parameters of cement composites and is a future-proof solution. However, prior to placing it in a borehole ring space, cement slurry must feature appropriate fluidity. Graphene oxide has a significant influence on rheological parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to study graphene oxide’s influence on the rheological parameters of cement slurries. Thus, this paper presents rheological models and the results of studies on rheological parameters. A basic cement slurry and a slurry with a latex addition were used. The latex admixture was applied at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.03%, and 0.06%. In total, studies were carried out for six slurries with graphene oxide and two basic slurries. The obtained results of studies on the slurries with graphene oxide were compared with the control slurry. It was found that the smallest graphene oxide concentration increased slurry value, some rheological parameter values, plastic viscosity, and the flow limit. Surprisingly, a concentration up to 0.03% was an acceptable value, since the increase in plastic viscosity was not excessively high, which allowed the use of cement slurry to seal the hole. Once this value was exceeded, the slurry caused problems at its injection to the borehole.
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41
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Salehi H, Javdani Z, Amiri P. Electrical and mechanical properties and thermoelectric efficiency enhancement of monolayer and bilayer Si2BN: A first-principle study. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Low Working Temperature of ZnO-MoS 2 Nanocomposites for Delaying Aging with Good Acetylene Gas-Sensing Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101902. [PMID: 32977597 PMCID: PMC7598265 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The long-term stability and the extension of the use time of gas sensors are one of the current concerns. Lowering the working temperature is one of the most effective methods to delay aging. In this paper, pure MoS2 and ZnO-MoS2 nanocomposites were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method, and the morphological characteristics were featured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pure MoS2 and ZnO-MoS2 nanocomposites, as a comparison, were used to study the aging characteristic. The sensing properties of the fabricated gas sensors with an optimal molar ratio ZnO-MoS2 (Zn:Mo = 1:2) were recorded, and the results exhibit a high gas-sensing response and good repeatability to the acetylene detection. The working temperature was significantly lower than for pure MoS2. After aging for 40 days, all the gas-sensing response was relatively attenuated, and pure MoS2 exhibits a faster decay rate and lower gas-sensing response than nanocomposites. The better gas-sensing characteristic of nanocomposites after aging was possibly attributed to the active interaction between ZnO and MoS2.
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43
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Casanova-Chafer J, Garcia-Aboal R, Atienzar P, Llobet E. The role of anions and cations in the gas sensing mechanisms of graphene decorated with lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8956-8959. [PMID: 32638744 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02984j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the effects of both anions and cations in lead halide perovskite-graphene hybrids applied to gas sensing. Ultra-fast sensors that can work at room temperature are developed and studied to elucidate the role in the gas sensing mechanisms of different ions in perovskite nanocrystals.
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44
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Yoon T, Wu Q, Yun DJ, Kim SH, Song YJ. Direct tuning of graphene work function via chemical vapor deposition control. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9870. [PMID: 32555377 PMCID: PMC7303148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its unprecedented physical and chemical characteristics, graphene is also well known for its formidable potential of being a next-generation device material. Work function (WF) of graphene is a crucial factor in the fabrication of graphene-based electronic devices because it determines the energy band alignment and whether the contact in the interface is Ohmic or Schottky. Tuning of graphene WF, therefore, is strongly demanded in many types of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Whereas study on work function tuning induced by doping or chemical functionalization has been widely conducted, attempt to tune the WF of graphene by controlling chemical vapor deposition (CVD) condition is not sufficient in spite of its simplicity. Here we report the successful WF tuning method for graphene grown on a Cu foil with a novel CVD growth recipe, in which the CH4/H2 gas ratio is changed. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) verifies that the WF-tuned regions, where the WF increases by the order of ~250 meV, coexist with the regions of intrinsic WF within a single graphene flake. By combining KPFM with lateral force microscopy (LFM), it is demonstrated that the WF-tuned area can be manipulated by pressing it with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and the tuned WF returns to the intrinsic WF of graphene. A highly plausible mechanism for the WF tuning is suggested, in which the increased graphene-substrate distance by excess H2 gases may cause the WF increase within a single graphene flake. This novel WF tuning method via a simple CVD growth control provides a new direction to manipulate the WF of various 2-dimensional nanosheets as well as graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegeun Yoon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Qinke Wu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center (SGC), Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR, China
| | - Dong-Jin Yun
- Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Physics, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Korea.
| | - Young Jae Song
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea. .,Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea. .,Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Abdullah MA, Albarody TMB, Hussein AR. Graphite thermal expansion coefficient measured by in-situ x-ray diffraction. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:285709. [PMID: 32176874 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Precision temperature measurement of a nano system with high sensitivity and fast response is still a challenge. The marvelous thermal and mechanical properties of graphite will allow the creation of superior nanoscale temperature sensors. In-situ x-ray diffraction was employed to determine the graphite hexagonal crystal lattice dimensions and the coefficient of thermal expansion based on the calculation of its interatomic distance. The energy of graphite was mapped over the first Brillouin zone in the temperature range of 50 °C-1200 °C at intervals of 50 °C. Energy-based comparative studies between the quantum free electron approach obtained by an inelastic scattering and an harmonic oscillator are introduced by the principal quantum number associated with the excitation level. The hexagonal lattice constants, interlayer distance and interatomic distance of graphite crystals are investigated analytically with consideration given to their temperature dependence and the carbon peak (002), where the 2θ value decreases slightly with increasing temperature. The coefficient of thermal expansion of graphite-based interatomic distance is negative and tends toward zero with increasing temperature, which is in very good agreement with experiments. Moreover, the energy probability distributions enclosed by reciprocal lattice vectors of the hexagonal lattice are defined and interpreted based on lattice dimensions with varying temperature. Linear changes of the temperature-driven unit cell lattice dimensions and analysis of the kinetic energy of the electron in graphite may both be utilised for the advanced temperature interpretation model and preliminary design of a precise nanothermometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monis Abdulmanan Abdullah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
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47
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Dey A, Ghosh P, Bowen J, Braithwaite NSJ, Krishnamurthy S. Engineering work function of graphene oxide from p to n type using a low power atmospheric pressure plasma jet. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7685-7698. [PMID: 32031552 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06174f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate doping graphene oxide (GO) films using a low power atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) with subsequent tuning of the work function. The surface potential of the plasma functionalized GO films could be tuned by 120 ± 10 mV by varying plasma parameters. X-ray spectroscopy used to probe these changes in electronic structure of systematically functionalized GO films by plasma. Detailed investigation using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy revealed the reactive nitrogen species in the plasma induce finite changes in the surface chemistry of the GO films, introducing additional density of states near the top of the valence band edge. Nitrogen introduced by the atmospheric pressure plasma is predominantly in a graphitic configuration with a varying concentration of pyridinic nitrogen. Additionally, evidence of gradual de-epoxidation of these GO films with increasing plasma exposure was also observed. We attribute this variation in work function values to the configuration of nitrogen in the graphitic structure as revealed by X-ray spectroscopy. With pyridinic nitrogen the electronic states of GO became electron deficient, inducing a p-type doping whereas an increase in graphitic nitrogen increased the electron density of GO leading to an n-type doping effect. Nitrogen doping was also found to decrease the resistivity from 138 MΩ sq-1 to 4 MΩ sq-1. These findings are extremely useful in fabricating heterojunction devices like sensors and optoelectronic devices where band structure alignment is key to device performance when GO is used as a charge transport layer. This technique can be extended to other known 2D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Dey
- School of Engineering and Innovation, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
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Green synthesis of quinolines via A3-coupling by using graphene oxide-supported Brønsted acidic ionic liquid. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Wang Y, Liu T, Tian W, Zhang Y, Shan P, Chen Y, Wei W, Yuan H, Cui H. Mechanism for hydrogen evolution from water splitting based on a MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction photocatalyst: a first-principle study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41127-41136. [PMID: 35519202 PMCID: PMC9057806 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06939f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, density functional theory and hybrid functional theory are used to calculate the work function and energy band structure of MoS2 and WSe2, as well as the binding energy, work function, energy band structure, density of states, charge density difference, energy band alignment, Bader charge, and H adsorption free energy of MoS2/WSe2. The difference in work function led to the formation of a built-in electric field from WSe2 to MoS2, and the energy band alignment indicated that the redox reactions were located on the MoS2 and WSe2 semiconductors, respectively. The binding energy of MoS2 and WSe2 indicated that the thermodynamic properties of the heterogeneous structure were stable. MoS2 and WSe2 gathered electrons and holes, respectively, and redistributed them under the action of the built-in electric field. The photogenerated electrons and holes were enriched on the surface of WSe2 and MoS2, which greatly improved the efficiency of hydrogen production by photocatalytic water splitting. The mechanism of heterojunction photocatalytic splitting of water for hydrogen evolution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation
| | - Weizhi Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation
| | - Pengyue Shan
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation
| | - Yunjian Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation
| | - Wanhang Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation
| | - Hongkuan Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation
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Nitrogen-doped graphene oxide as a catalyst for the oxidation of Rhodamine B by hydrogen peroxide: application to a sensitive fluorometric assay for hydrogen peroxide. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:47. [PMID: 31845299 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors report that nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO) catalyzes the oxidative decomposition of the fluorophore Rhodamine B (RhB) by hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide yields free hydroxyl radicals that destroy RhB so that the intensity of the yellow fluorescence is reduced. Nitrogen doping enhances the electronic and optical properties and surface chemical reactivities of GO such as widening of bandgap, increase in conductivity, enhanced quenching and adsorbing capabilities etc. The catalytic properties of NGO are attributed to its large specific surface and high electron affinity of nitrogen atoms. The chemical and structural properties of GO and NGO were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV-visible and Raman spectroscopies. The method was optimized by varying the concentration of RhB, nitrogen dopant and hydrogen peroxide. The fluorescent probe, best operated at excitation/emission wavelengths of 554/577 nm, allows hydrogen peroxide to be determined in concentrations as low as 94 pM with a linear range spanning from 1 nM to 1 μM. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of a fluorescence quenching method for the determination of H2O2. Upon addition of H2O2, nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (NGO) catalyzes the oxidation of Rhodamine B dye due to hydroxyl radical generation, which leads to a sensitive quenchometric methd for H2 O2.
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