1
|
Mishima MDV, Martino HSD, Kolba N, Agarwal N, Jackson C, da Silva BP, Grancieri M, de Assis A, de São José VPB, Tako E. Chia Phenolic Extract Appear to Improve Small Intestinal Functionality, Morphology, Bacterial Populations, and Inflammation Biomarkers In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2023; 15:3643. [PMID: 37630833 PMCID: PMC10458096 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds can act as a substrate for colonic resident microbiota. Once the metabolites are absorbed and distributed throughout the body, they can have diverse effects on the gut. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the intra-amniotic administration of a chia phenolic extract on intestinal inflammation, intestinal barrier, brush border membrane functionality, intestinal microbiota, and morphology in vivo (Gallus gallus model). Cornish-cross fertile broiler eggs, at 17 days of embryonic incubation, were separated into groups as follows: non-injected (NI; this group did not receive an injection); 18 MΩ H2O (H2O; injected with ultrapure water), and 10 mg/mL (1%) chia phenolic extract (CPE; injected with phenolic extract diluted in ultrapure water). Immediately after hatch (21 days), chickens were euthanized and their small intestine, cecum, and cecum content were collected and analyzed. The chia phenolic extract reduced the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and increased the sucrose isomaltase (SI) gene expression, reduced the Bifidobacterium and E. coli populations, reduced the Paneth cell diameter, increased depth crypt, and maintained villus height compared to the non-injected control group. Chia phenolic extract may be a promising beneficial compound for improving intestinal health, demonstrating positive changes in intestinal inflammation, functionality, microbiota, and morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Duarte Villas Mishima
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.D.V.M.); (N.K.); (N.A.); (C.J.)
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.S.D.M.); (B.P.d.S.); (M.G.); (A.d.A.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.)
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.D.V.M.); (N.K.); (N.A.); (C.J.)
| | - Nikita Agarwal
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.D.V.M.); (N.K.); (N.A.); (C.J.)
| | - Cydney Jackson
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.D.V.M.); (N.K.); (N.A.); (C.J.)
| | - Bárbara Pereira da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.S.D.M.); (B.P.d.S.); (M.G.); (A.d.A.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.)
| | - Mariana Grancieri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.S.D.M.); (B.P.d.S.); (M.G.); (A.d.A.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.)
| | - Andressa de Assis
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (H.S.D.M.); (B.P.d.S.); (M.G.); (A.d.A.); (V.P.B.d.S.J.)
| | | | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.D.V.M.); (N.K.); (N.A.); (C.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mishima MDV, da Silva BP, Gomes MJC, Toledo RCL, Barra RRS, Tako E, Costa NMB, Martino HSD. Chia flour combined with a high fat diet increases propionic acid production and improves the microbial richness and diversity in female Wistar rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:7457-7468. [PMID: 37486027 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01764h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Chia is a functional food because of its positive impact on reducing the risk of metabolic diseases. These benefits are due to its nutritional composition as a source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. In our previous study, chia consumption increased the richness of the microbiota and the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) when consumed by male Wistar rats, so, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of the consumption of chia with a high fat diet on gut health in female Wistar rats. 32 adult female Wistar rats were allocated into four groups and received one of the following diets: standard diet (SD), standard diet + chia (SDC), high fat diet (HFD) or high fat diet + chia (HFDC) for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, the intestinal microbiota, SCFA content, cecum content pH, immunoglobulin A (IgA) quantification and brush border membrane functionality were evaluated. There was no difference in the relative abundance of the gut microbiota, but chia consumption increased the microbial richness and diversity, increased the production of acetic and butyric acids in the SDC group and propionic acid in the HFD group, and decreased the pH of cecal content. The HFDC group demonstrated a lower IgA concentration compared to the HFD group. The SDC group increased SI and AP gene expression and decreased SGLT1 and PepT1 compared to the SD group. The consumption of chia can be beneficial for the functionality of the microbiota, improving SCFAs and intestinal pH, and the effects of chia in the microbiota can be more pronounced in HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Duarte Villas Mishima
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Pereira da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Juste Contin Gomes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renata Celi Lopes Toledo
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, 14850, NY, USA
| | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Alegre, 29500-000, ES, Brazil
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meneguelli TS, Kolba N, Misra A, Dionísio AP, Pelissari Kravchychyn AC, Da Silva BP, Stampini Duarte Martino H, Hermsdorff HHM, Tako E. Intra-Amniotic Administration of Cashew Nut ( Anacardium occidentale L.) Soluble Extract Improved Gut Functionality and Morphology In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102378. [PMID: 37242261 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cashew nuts are rich in dietary fibers, monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, catechins, amino acids, and minerals that offer benefits for health. However, the knowledge of its effect on gut health is lacking. In this way, cashew nut soluble extract (CNSE) was assessed in vivo via intra-amniotic administration in intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) morphology, functionality, and gut microbiota. Four groups were evaluated: (1) no injection (control); (2) H2O injection (control); (3) 10 mg/mL CNSE (1%); and (4) 50 mg/mL CNSE (5%). Results related to CNSE on duodenal morphological parameters showed higher Paneth cell numbers, goblet cell (GC) diameter in crypt and villi, depth crypt, mixed GC per villi, and villi surface area. Further, it decreased GC number and acid and neutral GC. In the gut microbiota, treatment with CNSE showed a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and E. coli. Further, in intestinal functionality, CNSE upregulated aminopeptidase (AP) gene expression at 5% compared to 1% CNSE. In conclusion, CNSE had beneficial effects on gut health by improving duodenal BBM functionality, as it upregulated AP gene expression, and by modifying morphological parameters ameliorating digestive and absorptive capacity. For intestinal microbiota, higher concentrations of CNSE or long-term intervention may be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Arundhati Misra
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | | | - Bárbara Pereira Da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Vicosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mishima MDV, Martino HSD, Kolba N, Shah DD, Grancieri M, Dos Santos KMO, Lima JP, Da Silva BP, Gonzalez de Mejia E, Tako E. Effects of Intra-Amniotic Administration of the Hydrolyzed Protein of Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on Intestinal Functionality, Morphology, and Bacterial Populations, In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081831. [PMID: 37111052 PMCID: PMC10144735 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a protein source, chia contains high concentrations of bioactive peptides. Probiotics support a healthy digestive tract and immune system. Our study evaluated the effects of the intra-amniotic administration of the hydrolyzed chia protein and the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on intestinal bacterial populations, the intestinal barrier, the inflammatory response, and brush border membrane functionality in ovo (Gallus gallus). Fertile broiler (Gallus gallus) eggs (n = 9/group) were divided into 5 groups: (NI) non-injected; (H2O) 18 MΩ H2O; (CP) 10 mg/mL hydrolyzed chia protein; (CPP) 10 mg/mL hydrolyzed chia protein + 106 colony-forming unit (CFU) L. paracasei; (P) 106 CFU L. paracasei. The intra-amniotic administration was performed on day 17 of incubation. At hatching (day 21), the animals were euthanized, and the duodenum and cecum content were collected. The probiotic downregulated the gene expression of NF-κβ, increased Lactobacillus and E. coli, and reduced Clostridium populations. The hydrolyzed chia protein downregulated the gene expression of TNF-α, increased OCLN, MUC2, and aminopeptidase, reduced Bifidobacterium, and increased Lactobacillus. The three experimental groups improved in terms of intestinal morphology. The current results suggest that the intra-amniotic administration of the hydrolyzed chia protein or a probiotic promoted positive changes in terms of the intestinal inflammation, barrier, and morphology, improving intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Mariana Grancieri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Janine Passos Lima
- Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Av. das Américas 29.501, Rio de Janeiro 23020-470, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Pereira Da Silva
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Health-promoting approaches of the use of chia seeds. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
|
6
|
Hitache Z, Al-Dalali S, Pei H, Cao X. Review of the Health Benefits of Cereals and Pseudocereals on Human Gut Microbiota. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
7
|
Effect of chia flour associated with high fat diet on intestinal health in female ovariectomized Wistar rats. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:905-919. [PMID: 36326862 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of chia flour associated with a high fat diet on intestinal health in female ovariectomized Wistar rats. METHODS The study was conducted with 32 adult female ovariectomized Wistar rats, which were separated into four groups: standard diet (ST), standard diet with chia (STC), high fat diet (HF) and high fat diet with chia (HFC) for 18 weeks. Cecum content pH, short chain fatty acid content, brush border membrane functionality and morphology and the gut microbiota were evaluated. RESULTS This study demonstrated that the consumption of chia flour increased the production of acetic and butyric acids, the longitudinal and circular muscle layers and crypt thickness. It also improved the expression of aminopeptidase (AP) and sucrose-isomaltase (SI) and decreased the cecum content pH. Further, the consumption of chia improved richness and decreased diversity of the microbiota. Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) clustering indicated difference between the ST and STC groups. In the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the Bacteroides genus and members of the Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were enriched in the STC treatment group. The STC group demonstrated the enrichment of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways related to peptidoglycan and coenzyme A biosynthesis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chia flour, which is rich in dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, presented potential properties to improve intestinal health.
Collapse
|
8
|
Food-Grade Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Exposure Alters Intestinal Microbial Populations, Brush Border Membrane Functionality and Morphology, In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020431. [PMID: 36829990 PMCID: PMC9952780 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Among food additive metal oxide nanoparticles (NP), titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) are commonly used as food coloring or anti-caking agents, while zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) are added as antimicrobials and coloring agents, respectively, and can be used as micronutrient supplements. To elucidate potential perturbations associated with NP consumption on gastrointestinal health and development, this in vivo study utilized the Gallus gallus (broiler chicken) intraamniotic administration to assess the effects of physiologically relevant concentrations of food-grade metal oxide NP on brush border membrane (BBM) functionality, intestinal morphology and intestinal microbial populations in vivo. Six groups with 1 mL injection of the following treatments were utilized: non-injected, 18 MΩ DI H2O; 1.4 × 10-6 mg TiO2 NP/mL, 2.0 × 10-5 mg SiO2 NP/mL, 9.7 × 10-6 mg ZnO NP/mL, and 3.8 × 10-4 mg Fe2O3 NP/mL (n = 10 per group). Upon hatch, blood, cecum, and duodenum were collected to assess mineral (iron and zinc) metabolism, BBM functional, and pro-inflammatory-related protein gene expression, BBM morphometric analysis, and the relative abundance of intestinal microflora. Food additive NP altered mineral transporter, BBM functionality, and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, affected intestinal BBM development and led to compositional shifts in intestinal bacterial populations. Our results suggest that food-grade TiO₂ and SiO₂ NP have the potential to negatively affect intestinal functionality; food-grade ZnO NP exposure effects were associated with supporting intestinal development or compensatory mechanisms due to intestinal damage, and food-grade Fe₂O₃ NP was found to be a possible option for iron fortification, though with potential alterations in intestinal functionality and health.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ang ME, Cowley JM, Yap K, Hahn MG, Mikkelsen D, Tucker MR, Williams BA, Burton RA. Novel constituents of Salvia hispanica L. (chia) nutlet mucilage and the improved in vitro fermentation of nutlets when ground. Food Funct 2023; 14:1401-1414. [PMID: 36637177 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03002k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Upon wetting, chia (Salvia hispanica L.) nutlets produce a gel-like capsule of polysaccharides called mucilage that comprises a significant part of their dietary fibre content. Seed/nutlet mucilage is often used as a texture modifying hydrocolloid and bulking dietary fibre due to its water-binding ability, though the utility of mucilage from different sources is highly structure-function dependent. The composition and structure of chia nutlet mucilage is poorly defined, and a better understanding will aid in exploiting its dietary fibre functionality, particularly if, and how, it is utilised by gut microbiota. In this study, microscopy, chromatography, mass spectrometry and glycome profiling techniques showed that chia nutlet mucilage is highly complex, layered, and contains several polymer types. The mucilage comprises a novel xyloamylose containing both β-linked-xylose and α-linked-glucose, a near-linear xylan that may be sparsely substituted, a modified cellulose domain, and abundant alcohol-soluble oligosaccharides. To assess the dietary fibre functionality of chia nutlet mucilage, an in vitro cumulative gas production technique was used to determine the fermentability of different chia nutlet preparations. The complex nature of chia nutlet mucilage led to poor fermentation where the oligosaccharides appeared to be the only fermentable substrate present in the mucilage. Of note, ground chia nutlets were better fermented than intact whole nutlets, as judged by short chain fatty acid production. Therefore, it is suggested that the benefits of eating chia as a "superfood", could be notably enhanced if the nutlets are ground rather than being consumed whole, improving the bioaccessibility of key nutrients including dietary fibre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Main Ern Ang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| | - James M Cowley
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| | - Kuok Yap
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- The University of Queensland, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| | - Barbara A Williams
- The University of Queensland, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jackson C, Shukla V, Kolba N, Agarwal N, Padilla-Zakour OI, Tako E. Empire Apple ( Malus domestica) Juice, Pomace, and Pulp Modulate Intestinal Functionality, Morphology, and Bacterial Populations In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234955. [PMID: 36500984 PMCID: PMC9735615 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately $20 billion of apple sales are generated annually in the United States. With an estimated 5 million tons produced yearly in the U.S. within the last decade, apple consumption is considered ubiquitous. Apples are comprised of bioactive constituents such as phytochemicals and prebiotics that may potentiate intestinal health and the gut microbiome. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Empire apple juice, pomace, and pulp soluble extracts on intestinal functionality, morphology, and the microbiome in vivo (Gallus gallus). There were five treatment groups: non-injected (NI); 18 MΩ H2O (H2O); 6% apple juice (AJ); 6% apple pomace (APo); 6% apple pulp (APu). The eggs were treated by intra-amniotic administration of the samples on day 17 of incubation. After hatching, the blood, tissue, and cecum samples were collected for further analyses—including duodenal histomorphology, hepatic and duodenal mRNA expression, and cecal bacterial populations. Crypt depth was significantly (p < 0.5) shortest in AJ when compared to APo and APu. APo and APu soluble extracts significantly improved villi surface area compared to NI and H2O control groups. The highest count of Paneth cells per crypt was observed in APo as compared to all groups. In addition, the expression of brush border membrane micronutrient metabolism and functional proteins varied between treatments. Lastly, Lactobacillus cecal microbial populations increased significantly in the AJ group, while AJ, APu, and APu increased the abundance of Clostridium (p < 0.5). Ultimately, these results indicate the potential of Empire apple pomace to improve host intestinal health and the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elad Tako
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-0884
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effect of Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) Associated with High-Fat Diet on the Intestinal Health of Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224924. [PMID: 36432610 PMCID: PMC9696280 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A direct correlation has been reported between excessive fat intake and the development and progression of various enteropathies. Plant foods may contain bioactive compounds and non-digestible dietary fiber, with potential to improve intestinal health. Chia is a good source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. Our study evaluated the role of chia flour associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) on colon histomorphometry, intestinal functionality and intestinal microbiome composition and function in Wistar rats. The study used 32 young male rats separated into four groups to receive a standard diet (SD) or HFD, with or without chia, for 35 days. At the end of the study, the cecum, cecal content and duodenum were collected. The consumption of chia increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and improved fecal moisture. Chia consumption improved the circular muscle layer in the SD group. The diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria were not affected, but increased richness was observed in the microbiome of the SD+chia group. Moreover, chia consumption decreased the expression of proteins involved in intestinal functionality. Chia consumption improved intestinal morphology and functionality in young Wistar rats but was insufficient to promote significant changes in the intestinal microbiome in a short term of 35 days.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kolba N, Cheng J, Jackson CD, Tako E. Intra-Amniotic Administration-An Emerging Method to Investigate Necrotizing Enterocolitis, In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224795. [PMID: 36432481 PMCID: PMC9696943 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease in premature infants and a leading cause of death in neonates (1-7% in the US). NEC is caused by opportunistic bacteria, which cause gut dysbiosis and inflammation and ultimately result in intestinal necrosis. Previous studies have utilized the rodent and pig models to mimic NEC, whereas the current study uses the in vivo (Gallus gallus) intra-amniotic administration approach to investigate NEC. On incubation day 17, broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) viable embryos were injected intra-amniotically with 1 mL dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in H2O. Four treatment groups (0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% DSS) and two controls (H2O/non-injected controls) were administered. We observed a significant increase in intestinal permeability and negative intestinal morphological changes, specifically, decreased villus surface area and goblet cell diameter in the 0.50% and 0.75% DSS groups. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in pathogenic bacterial (E. coli spp. and Klebsiella spp.) abundances in the 0.75% DSS group compared to the control groups, demonstrating cecal microbiota dysbiosis. These results demonstrate significant physiopathology of NEC and negative bacterial-host interactions within a premature gastrointestinal system. Our present study demonstrates a novel model of NEC through intra-amniotic administration to study the effects of NEC on intestinal functionality, morphology, and gut microbiota in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elad Tako
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-0884
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Development of plant-based burgers using gelled emulsions as fat source and beetroot juice as colorant: Effects on chemical, physicochemical, appearance and sensory characteristics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Alterations in Intestinal Brush Border Membrane Functionality and Bacterial Populations Following Intra-Amniotic Administration ( Gallus gallus) of Catechin and Its Derivatives. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193924. [PMID: 36235576 PMCID: PMC9572352 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechin is a flavonoid naturally present in numerous dietary products and fruits (e.g., apples, berries, grape seeds, kiwis, green tea, red wine, etc.) and has previously been shown to be an antioxidant and beneficial for the gut microbiome. To further enhance the health benefits, bioavailability, and stability of catechin, we synthesized and characterized catechin pentaacetate and catechin pentabutanoate as two new ester derivatives of catechin. Catechin and its derivatives were assessed in vivo via intra-amniotic administration (Gallus gallus), with the following treatment groups: (1) non-injected (control); (2) deionized H2O (control); (3) Tween (0.004 mg/mL dose); (4) inulin (50 mg/mL dose); (5) Catechin (6.2 mg/mL dose); (6) Catechin pentaacetate (10 mg/mL dose); and (7) Catechin pentabutanoate (12.8 mg/mL dose). The effects on physiological markers associated with brush border membrane morphology, intestinal bacterial populations, and duodenal gene expression of key proteins were investigated. Compared to the controls, our results demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in Clostridium genera and E. coli species density with catechin and its synthetic derivative exposure. Furthermore, catechin and its derivatives decreased iron and zinc transporter (Ferroportin and ZnT1, respectively) gene expression in the duodenum compared to the controls. In conclusion, catechin and its synthetic derivatives have the potential to improve intestinal morphology and functionality and positively modulate the microbiome.
Collapse
|
15
|
Comparing the Effects of Concord Grape ( Vitis labrusca L.) Puree, Juice, and Pomace on Intestinal Morphology, Functionality, and Bacterial Populations In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173539. [PMID: 36079797 PMCID: PMC9460804 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a preliminary study evaluating the effect of different fractions of Concord grapes (Vitis labrusca L.) on the brush border membrane (BBM) morphology, duodenal gene expression, and specific gut bacterial populations. For this study, we utilized a unique intraamniotic approach, wherein, the test substances are administered into the amnion of the Gallus gallus egg (on day 17). The embryo orally consumes the amniotic fluid along with the injected test substance before the hatch. We randomly divided ~50 fertilized eggs into 5 groups including 6% grape (juice, puree, and pomace) along with controls (no injection and diluent—H2O). The grape juice was prepared by crushing the grapes; the grape residues were used as pomace. The grape puree included the grape skin, endocarp, mesocarp, and juice but not the seeds. On day 21, the hatch day, the blood, pectoral muscle, liver, duodenum, and large intestine were harvested. Our results showed no significant differences in blood glucose, pectoral glycogen level, or body weight. However, significant (p < 0.05) differences in duodenal and liver gene expression were observed between the treatment groups. The grape puree treatment resulted in higher Clostridium numbers and lower Bifidobacterium numbers when compared to all other groups. In summary, the dietary consumption of grape polyphenols has the potential to beneficially modulate aspects of intestinal health provided their concentration is limited.
Collapse
|
16
|
Intraamniotic Administration (Gallus gallus) of Genistein Alters Mineral Transport, Intestinal Morphology, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173473. [PMID: 36079731 PMCID: PMC9458084 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone naturally present in numerous staple food crops, such as soybeans and chickpeas. This study utilized the Gallus gallus intraamniotic administration procedure to assess genistein administration effects on trace mineral status, brush border membrane (BBM) functionality, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiome in vivo. Eggs were divided into five groups with 1 mL injection of the following treatments: no-injection, DI H2O, 5% inulin, and 1.25% and 2.5% genistein (n = 8 per group). Upon hatch, blood, cecum, small intestine, and liver were collected for assessment of hemoglobin, intestinal microflora alterations, intestinal morphometric assessment, and mRNA gene expression of relevant iron and zinc transporter proteins, respectively. This study demonstrated that intraamniotic administration of 2.5% genistein increased villus surface area, number of acidic goblet cells, and hemoglobin. Additionally, genistein exposure downregulated duodenal cytochrome B (DcytB) and upregulated hepcidin expression. Further, genistein exposure positively altered the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. Our results suggest a physiological role for genistein administration in improving mineral status, favorably altering BBM functionality and development, positively modulating the intestinal microbiome, as well as improving physiological status.
Collapse
|
17
|
Alterations in Intestinal Brush Border Membrane Functionality and Bacterial Populations Following Intra-Amniotic Administration (Gallus gallus) of Nicotinamide Riboside and Its Derivatives. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153130. [PMID: 35956307 PMCID: PMC9370700 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) acts as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor where NR supplementation has previously been shown to be beneficial. Thus, we synthesized and characterized nicotinamide riboside tributyrate chloride (NRTBCl, water-soluble) and nicotinamide riboside trioleate chloride (NRTOCl, oil-soluble) as two new ester derivatives of nicotinamide riboside chloride (NRCl). NRCl and its derivatives were assessed in vivo, via intra-amniotic administration (Gallus gallus), with the following treatment groups: (1) non-injected (control); and injection of (2) deionized H2O (control); (3) NRCl (30 mg/mL dose); (4) NRTBCl (30 mg/mL dose); and (5) NRTOCl (30 mg/mL dose). Post-intervention, the effects on physiological markers associated with brush border membrane morphology, intestinal bacterial populations, and duodenal gene expression of key proteins were investigated. Although no significant changes were observed in average body weights, NRTBCl exposure increased average cecum weight. NR treatment significantly increased Clostridium and NRCl treatment resulted in increased populations of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and E. coli. Duodenal gene expression analysis revealed that NRCl, NRTBCl, and NRTOCl treatments upregulated the expression of ZnT1, MUC2, and IL6 compared to the controls, suggesting alterations in brush border membrane functionality. The administration of NRCl and its derivatives appears to trigger increased expression of brush border membrane digestive proteins, with added effects on the composition and function of cecal microbial populations. Additional research is now warranted to further elucidate the effects on inflammatory biomarkers and observe changes in the specific intestinal bacterial populations post introduction of NR and its derivatives.
Collapse
|
18
|
Motyka S, Koc K, Ekiert H, Blicharska E, Czarnek K, Szopa A. The Current State of Knowledge on Salvia hispanica and Salviae hispanicae semen (Chia Seeds). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041207. [PMID: 35208997 PMCID: PMC8877361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chia seeds (Salviae hispanicae semen) are obtained from Salvia hispanica L. This raw material is distinguished by its rich chemical composition and valuable nutritional properties. It is currently referred to as “health food”. The purpose of the present work was to perform a literature review on S. hispanica and chia seeds, focusing on their chemical composition, biological properties, dietary importance, and medicinal uses. The valuable biological properties of chia seeds are related to their rich chemical composition, with particularly high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, polyphenols, as well as vitamins and bioelements. The available scientific literature indicates the cardioprotective, hypotensive, antidiabetic, and antiatherosclerotic effects of this raw material. In addition, studies based on in vitro assays and animal and human models have proven that chia seeds are characterized by neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. These properties indicate a valuable role of chia in the prevention of civilization diseases. Chia seeds are increasingly popular in functional food and cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. That is attributed not only to their desirable chemical composition and biological activity but also to their high availability. Nevertheless, S. hispanica is also the object of specific biotechnological studies aimed at elaboration of micropropagation protocols of this plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Motyka
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Katarzyna Koc
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Eliza Blicharska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-814487182 (E.B.); +48-126205430 (A.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Czarnek
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health Sciences in Lublin, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (S.M.); (K.K.); (H.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (A.S.); Tel.: +48-814487182 (E.B.); +48-126205430 (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Agarwal N, Kolba N, Jung Y, Cheng J, Tako E. Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) Flower Water Extract Disrupts the Cecal Microbiome, Brush Border Membrane Functionality, and Morphology In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010220. [PMID: 35011095 PMCID: PMC8747550 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is known as the most expensive spice. C. sativus dried red stigmas, called threads, are used for culinary, cosmetic, and medicinal purposes. The rest of the flower is often discarded, but is now being used in teas, as coloring agents, and fodder. Previous studies have attributed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-depressant, and anticancer properties to C. sativus floral bio-residues. The aim of this study is to assess C. sativus flower water extract (CFWE) for its effects on hemoglobin, brush boarder membrane (BBM) functionality, morphology, intestinal gene expression, and cecal microbiome in vivo (Gallus gallus), a clinically validated model. For this, Gallus gallus eggs were divided into six treatment groups (non-injected, 18 Ω H2O, 1% CFWE, 2% CFWE, 5% CFWE, and 10% CFWE) with n~10 for each group. On day 17 of incubation, 1 mL of the extracts/control were administered in the amnion of the eggs. The amniotic fluid along with the administered extracts are orally consumed by the developing embryo over the course of the next few days. On day 21, the hatchlings were euthanized, the blood, duodenum, and cecum were harvested for assessment. The results showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in hemoglobin concentration, villus surface area, goblet cell number, and diameter. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in Paneth cell number and Mucin 2 (MUC2) gene expression proportional to the increase in CFWE concentration. Additionally, the cecum microbiome analysis revealed C. sativus flower water extract altered the bacterial populations. There was a significant dose-dependent reduction in Lactobacillus and Clostridium sp., suggesting an antibacterial effect of the extract on the gut in the given model. These results suggest that the dietary consumption of C. sativus flower may have negative effects on BBM functionality, morphology, mineral absorption, microbial populations, and iron status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elad Tako
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-0884
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Duarte FLM, da Silva BP, Grancieri M, Sant'Ana CT, Toledo RCL, de São José VPB, Pacheco S, Duarte Martino HS, Ribeiro de Barros FA. Macauba ( Acrocomia aculeata) kernel has good protein quality and improves the lipid profile and short chain fatty acids content in Wistar rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:11342-11352. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02047e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macauba kernel can be indicated as a complementary source for a healthy diet and as an ingredient in the elaboration of food products, and can contribute to the continued growth of the plant-based food market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Grancieri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Tomaz Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sidney Pacheco
- Liquid Chromatography Laboratory, Embrapa Food Agroindustry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Modifications in the Intestinal Functionality, Morphology and Microbiome Following Intra-Amniotic Administration ( Gallus gallus) of Grape ( Vitis vinifera) Stilbenes (Resveratrol and Pterostilbene). Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093247. [PMID: 34579124 PMCID: PMC8466538 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This efficacy trial evaluated the effects of two polyphenolic stilbenes, resveratrol and pterostilbene, mostly found in grapes, on the brush border membrane functionality, morphology and gut microbiome. This study applied the validated Gallus gallus intra-amniotic approach to investigate the effects of stilbene administration versus the controls. Three treatment groups (5% resveratrol; 5% pterostilbene; and synergistic: 4.75% resveratrol and 0.25% pterostilbene) and three controls (18 MΩ H2O; no injection; 5% inulin) were employed. We observed beneficial morphological changes, specifically an increase in the villus length, diameter, depth of crypts and goblet cell diameter in the pterostilbene and synergistic groups, with concomitant increases in the serum iron and zinc concentrations. Further, the alterations in gene expression of the mineral metabolism proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines indicate a potential improvement in gut health and mineral bioavailability. The cecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. A lower α-diversity was observed in the synergistic group compared with the other treatment groups. However, beneficial compositional and functional alterations in the gut microbiome were detected. Several key microbial metabolic pathways were differentially enriched in the pterostilbene treatment group. These observations demonstrate a significant bacterial–host interaction that contributed to enhancements in intestinal functionality, morphology and physiological status. Our data demonstrate a novel understanding of the nutritional benefits of dietary stilbenes and their effects on intestinal functionality, morphology and gut microbiota in vivo.
Collapse
|
22
|
Martinez ODM, Theodoro JMV, Grancieri M, Toledo RCL, de Barros FAR, Tako E, Queiroz VAV, Martino HSD. Dry heated sorghum BRS 305 hybrid flour as a source of resistant starch and tannins improves inflammation and oxidative stress in Wistar rats fed with a high-fat high-fructose diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:8738-8746. [PMID: 34369542 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dry heated sorghum BRS 305 hybrid flour, as a rich source of resistant starch and tannins, on inflammation and oxidative stress in animals fed with a high-fat high-fructose diet. Phase 1 (8 weeks): male Wistar rats were divided into a group fed with an AIN-93 M diet (n = 10) and a group fed with a high-fat (35%) high-fructose (20%) (HFHF) diet (n = 20). Phase 2 (intervention 10 weeks): the control group was continued with the AIN-93 M diet (n = 10) and the HFHF group was divided into HFHF (n = 10) and sorghum flour (n = 10) groups. Sorghum flour decreased the NO, Akt, p65-NFκB, TLR4, and lipid peroxidation in the liver. Furthermore, sorghum flour improved SOD and CAT activities and the total antioxidant capacity of plasma. The phenolic compounds found in sorghum flour interacted in silico with AKT and p65-NFκB, mainly quercetin-3-rutinoside that showed the highest interaction with AKT (EFE -8.0) and procyanidins B1 and B2 that showed the highest interaction with p65-NFκB (EFE -8.9). The consumption of BRS 305 sorghum with a high tannin and resistant starch content improved inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibition of p65-NFκB activation in rats fed a high-fat high-fructose diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Grancieri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570900, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kaur AP, Bhardwaj S, Dhanjal DS, Nepovimova E, Cruz-Martins N, Kuča K, Chopra C, Singh R, Kumar H, Șen F, Kumar V, Verma R, Kumar D. Plant Prebiotics and Their Role in the Amelioration of Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:440. [PMID: 33809763 PMCID: PMC8002343 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are either natural or synthetic non-digestible (non-)carbohydrate substances that boost the proliferation of gut microbes. Undigested fructooligosaccharides in the large intestine are utilised by the beneficial microorganisms for the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids for their own growth. Although various food products are now recognized as having prebiotic properties, several others, such as almonds, artichoke, barley, chia seeds, chicory, dandelion greens, flaxseeds, garlic, and oats, are being explored and used as functional foods. Considering the benefits of these prebiotics in mineral absorption, metabolite production, gut microbiota modulation, and in various diseases such as diabetes, allergy, metabolic disorders, and necrotising enterocolitis, increasing attention has been focused on their applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries, although some of these food products are actually used as food supplements. This review aims to highlight the potential and need of these prebiotics in the diet and also discusses data related to the distinct types, sources, modes of action, and health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Pal Kaur
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (A.P.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Sonali Bhardwaj
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.B.); (D.S.D.); (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.B.); (D.S.D.); (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.B.); (D.S.D.); (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.B.); (D.S.D.); (C.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (A.P.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Fatih Șen
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, EvliyaÇelebi Campus, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, Turkey;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK430AL, UK;
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (A.P.K.); (H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Martino HSD, Kolba N, Tako E. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) flour soluble extract improve intestinal bacterial populations, brush border membrane functionality and morphology in vivo (Gallus gallus). Food Res Int 2020; 137:109705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
25
|
Dietary Plant-Origin Bio-Active Compounds, Intestinal Functionality, and Microbiome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113223. [PMID: 33105549 PMCID: PMC7690256 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plant-origin bio-active compounds in foods (staple crops, fruit, vegetables, and others) have been gaining interest, and processes to consider them for public health recommendations are being presented and discussed in the literature. However, at times, it may be challenging to demonstrate causality, and there often is not a single compound–single effect relationship. Furthermore, it was suggested that health benefits may be due to metabolites produced by the host or gut microbiome rather than the food constituent per se. Over the years, compounds that were investigated were shown to increase gut microbial diversity, improve endothelial function, improve cognitive function, reduce bone loss, and many others. More recently, an additional and significant body of evidence further demonstrated the nutritional role and potential effects that plant-origin bio-active compounds might have on intestinal functionality (specifically the duodenal brush border membrane, morphology, and the abundance of health-promoting bacterial populations). Hence, the special issue “Dietary Plant-Origin Bio-Active Compounds, Intestinal Functionality, and Microbiome” comprises 11 peer-reviewed papers on the most recent evidence regarding the potential dietary intake and effects of plant-origin bio-active compounds on intestinal functionality, primarily in the context of brush border functional proteins (enzymes and transporters), mineral (and other nutrients) dietary bioavailability, and the intestinal microbiome. Original contributions and literature reviews further demonstrated the potential dietary relevance that plant bio-active compounds hold in human health and development. This editorial provides a brief and concise overview that addresses and summarizes the content of the Dietary Plant-Origin Bio-Active Compounds, Intestinal Functionality, and Microbiome special issue.
Collapse
|
26
|
Carboni J, Reed S, Kolba N, Eshel A, Koren O, Tako E. Alterations in the Intestinal Morphology, Gut Microbiota, and Trace Mineral Status Following Intra-Amniotic Administration ( Gallus gallus) of Teff ( Eragrostis tef) Seed Extracts. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103020. [PMID: 33023112 PMCID: PMC7601863 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of teff (Eragrostis tef), a gluten-free cereal grain, has increased due to its dense nutrient composition including complex carbohydrates, unsaturated fatty acids, trace minerals (especially Fe), and phytochemicals. This study utilized the clinically-validated Gallus gallus intra amniotic feeding model to assess the effects of intra-amniotic administration of teff extracts versus controls using seven groups: (1) non-injected; (2) 18Ω H2O injected; (3) 5% inulin; (4) teff extract 1%; (5) teff extract 2.5%; (6) teff extract 5%; and (7) teff extract 7.5%. The treatment groups were compared to each other and to controls. Our data demonstrated a significant improvement in hepatic iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration and LA:DGLA ratio without concomitant serum concentration changes, up-regulation of various Fe and Zn brush border membrane proteins, and beneficial morphological changes to duodenal villi and goblet cells. No significant taxonomic alterations were observed using 16S rRNA sequencing of the cecal microbiota. Several important bacterial metabolic pathways were differentially enriched in the teff group, likely due to teff’s high relative fiber concentration, demonstrating an important bacterial-host interaction that contributed to improvements in the physiological status of Fe and Zn. Therefore, teff appeared to represent a promising staple food crop and should be further evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon Carboni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Spenser Reed
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Centers, Fontana, CA 92335, USA
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.)
| | - Adi Eshel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel; (A.E.); (O.K.)
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 1311502 Safed, Israel; (A.E.); (O.K.)
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-0884
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mishima MDV, da Silva BP, Toledo RCL, Costa NMB, Martino HSD. Bioavailability of Calcium from Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) in Ovariectomized Rats Fed a High Fat Diet. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:454-464. [PMID: 32729778 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1790441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal abnormalities such as bone loss occur when there is an imbalance in bone matrix synthesis and bone resorption. This imbalance is also caused by hormonal changes and inflammation. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) has a high nutritional value and is an excellent source of calcium. Evaluate the bioavailability of calcium from chia, and its effect on bone metabolism when consumed as part of a standard or high fat diet (HFD) in ovariectomized rats. METHODS The study was conducted with 80 female Wistar rats that received standard diet or HFD. 40 female mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and 40 were sham-operated (SHAM). After recovery from surgery the animals received chia as a source of 20% of the calcium recommendation, calcium bioavailability was measured using the calcium balance technique. Bone strength and bone morphometry were evaluated by weight, length and microtomography measurements. RESULTS HFD increased serum calcium and decreased calcium retention. The addition of chia to HFD did not alter bone morphology. Ovariectomy led to lower percentage of bone volume, smaller trabecular thickness, higher trabecular separation and higher porosity, when ovariectomy was associated with HFD, the final weight, waist circumference, body mass index and adiposity were increased. CONCLUSIONS Chia maintained bone health when offered as a source of 20% calcium, in a diet that met 100% of the mineral recommendation, regardless of the type of diet, in animals non-ovariectomized adults.
Collapse
|
28
|
Fantinati M, Priymenko N. Managing Feline Idiopathic Hypercalcemia With Chia Seeds ( Salvia hispanica L.): A Case Series. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:421. [PMID: 32793647 PMCID: PMC7387619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We describe for the first time the use of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) as a non-pharmacological solution in managing feline idiopathic hypercalcemia when dietary change alone fails. Case Summary: Over a 2-year period of time, three female spayed, middle-aged, Domestic Shorthair cats were diagnosed with idiopathic hypercalcemia. Reason for consultation were lethargy and dysorexia, with a single episode of vomiting described in one cat and dysuria in another. Thorough diagnostic work-up included complete blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, ionized calcium, calcemic hormones, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and imaging of chest and abdomen. Based on different nutritional reasons, each cat was switched to a different high-moisture pet food as first-step in managing the disorder: a high-fiber diet, a diet formulated for chronic kidney disease management and a diet designed to prevent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. In the three cats, 6 weeks of dietary change alone did not result in normocalcemia. Before resorting to any pharmacological solution, supplementation to the diet of chia seeds (2 g/cat/day) was started. After 4 weeks from the introduction of Salvia hispanica L., all cats achieved normalization of ionized calcium concentration. Conclusion: Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation could be a useful tool in managing feline idiopathic hypercalcemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fantinati
- Nutrition Department, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | |
Collapse
|