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Araújo-Rodrigues H, Sousa AS, Relvas JB, Tavaria FK, Pintado M. An Overview on Mushroom Polysaccharides: Health-promoting Properties, Prebiotic and Gut Microbiota Modulation Effects and Structure-function Correlation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121978. [PMID: 38494231 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are recognized as "biological response modifiers". Besides several bioactivities, a growing interest in their prebiotic potential has been raised due to the gut microbiota modulation potential. This review comprehensively summarizes mushroom polysaccharides' biological properties, structure-function relationship, and underlying mechanisms. It provides a recent overview of the key findings in the field (2018-2024). Key findings and limitations on structure-function correlation are discussed. Although most studies focus on β-glucans or extracts, α-glucans and chitin have gained interest. Prebiotic capacity has been associated with α-glucans and chitin, while antimicrobial and wound healing potential is attributed to chitin. However, further research is of utmost importance. Human fecal fermentation is the most reported approach to assess prebiotic potential, indicating impacts on intestinal biological, mechanical, chemical and immunological barriers. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been directly connected with intestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Concerning gut microbiota modulation, animal experiments have suggested proinflammatory cytokines reduction and redox balance re-establishment. Most literature focused on the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential. However, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, antilipidemic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties are discussed. A significant overview of the gaps and research directions in synergistic effects, underlying mechanisms, structure-function correlation, clinical trials and scientific data is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Araújo-Rodrigues
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Program of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sofia Sousa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Bettencourt Relvas
- Program of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Freni K Tavaria
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Nong Y, Zhou X, Li S, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Liang J, Zhang Y, Liu C. Efficient and fast screening and separation based on computer-aided screening and complex chromatography methods for lipoxygenase inhibitors from Ganoderma lucidum. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:599-616. [PMID: 38287705 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate screening and targeted preparative isolation of active substances from natural medicines have long been technical challenges in natural medicine research. OBJECTIVES This study outlines a new approach for improving the efficiency of natural product preparation, focusing on the rapid and accurate screening of potential active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum and efficient preparation of lipoxidase inhibitors, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with G. lucidum. METHODS The medicinal plant G. lucidum was selected through ultrafiltration coupled with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) and computer-assisted screening for lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors. In addition, the inhibitory effect of the active compounds on LOX was studied using enzymatic reaction kinetics, and the underlying mechanism is discussed. Finally, based on the earlier activity screening guidelines, the identified ligands were isolated and purified through complex chromatography (high-speed countercurrent chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography). RESULTS Five active ingredients, ganoderic acids A, B, C2, D2, and F, were identified and isolated from G. lucidum. We improved the efficiency and purity of active compound preparation using virtual computer screening and enzyme inhibition assays combined with complex chromatography. CONCLUSION The innovative methods of UF-LC-MS, computer-aided screening, and complex chromatography provide powerful tools for screening and separating LOX inhibitors from complex matrices and provide a favourable platform for the large-scale production of bioactive substances and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Nong
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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Antunes de Mendonça DE, Franco de Godoy MA, Lucredi NC, Comar JF, Almeida IV, Pimenta Vicentini VE. Toxicogenic effects of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum on human liver and kidney tumor cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116226. [PMID: 36739926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst., a bioactive mushroom with medicinal properties, is known to exert immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and hepatoprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the effects of the G. lucidum fruiting body dry extract (GLE) on human liver (HepG2/C3A) and kidney (786-O) tumor cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT-based cytotoxicity, trypan blue-based cell viability, comet, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assays were performed, and the production of reactive oxygen species was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS GLE was toxic to the tumor cells, decreasing their viability by increasing their production of reactive oxygen species and inducing damage to their DNA. By contrast, only high concentrations of GLE were toxic to lymphocytes and decreased their viability, whereas low concentrations increased lymphocyte viability. Moreover, primary DNA damage was induced by GLE only at the highest concentration tested. CONCLUSIONS G. lucidum shows potential antitumor effects against cancerous kidney and liver cells, exhibiting cytotoxic and genotoxic activity at low concentrations, whereas the same effects in lymphocytes are mediated only at high concentrations. This mushroom has the potential to be biotechnologically developed into a therapeutic agent for diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Igor Vivian Almeida
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Environmental Toxicogenomics Research Group. Federal Rural University of Amazonia. Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil.
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Liu X, Yang L, Li G, Jiang Y, Zhang G, Ling J. A novel promising neuroprotective agent: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:168-180. [PMID: 36587634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nervous system diseases (NSDs) are characterized by a wide range of symptoms, a complex pathophysiology, an unclear etiology, a great deal of variation in treatment response, and lengthy therapy cycles, all of which pose considerable hurdles to clinical treatment. A traditional valuable medicine known as Ganoderma lucidum (GL) has a significant role to play in preserving health and treating diseases. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) is one of the cardinal effective active ingredients of GL, which has a number of pharmacological actions, including liver protection, immune regulation, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, antibacterial activity, and antiviral activity. Recently, studies on the structural characterization and biological functions of GLP were presented in this article to review the progress of researches about GLP on NSDs and summarize the potential mechanisms of action. These studies were anticipated to provide new research ideas for GLP as a novel promising neuroprotective agent and provide a reference for better development and utilization of GLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Medical College, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yingnan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Jianya Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Zivkovic Radojevic M, Milosavljevic N, Miladinovic TB, Janković S, Folic M. Review of compounds that exhibit radioprotective and/or mitigatory effects after application of diagnostic or therapeutic ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:594-603. [PMID: 35930681 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to ionizing radiation can be accidental or for medical purposes. Analyzes of the frequency of radiation damage in the general population, it has been determined that by far the most common are those that occur as a result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Damage caused by radiation, either accidentally or for therapeutic purposes, can be reduced by the use of radioprotectors, mitigators or other therapeutic agents. A detailed research of the available literature shows that there is little systematized data of potentially radioprotective and/or mitigating effects of drugs from the personal therapy of patients during the application of therapeutic ionizing radiation. The aim of this paper is to present review of compounds, especially personal therapy drugs, that exhibit radioprotective and/or mitigating effects after the application of diagnostic or therapeutic ionizing radiation. CONCLUSIONS Given the widespread use of ionizing radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, there is a clear need to create a strategy and recommendations of relevant institutions for the use of radioprotectors and mitigators in everyday clinical practice, with individual evaluation of the patient's condition and selection of the compounds that will show the greatest benefit in terms of radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neda Milosavljevic
- Centre for Radiation Oncology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana B Miladinovic
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Janković
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marko Folic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Suárez-Arroyo IJ, Acevedo-Díaz A, Ríos-Fuller TJ, Ortiz-Soto G, Vallejo-Calzada R, Reyes-Chea J, Maldonado-Martínez G, Schneider RJ, Martínez-Montemayor MM. Ganoderma lucidum enhances carboplatin chemotherapy effect by inhibiting the DNA damage response pathway and stemness. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1282-1294. [PMID: 35411244 PMCID: PMC8984902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive type of breast cancer with a poor prognosis. Its management is challenging because of a lack of targeted therapies, increased metastatic potential, and high recurrence rates. Interest in using platinum agents such as carboplatin emerged from data suggesting frequent DNA repair defects in breast cancer. Because studies show that medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (GLE) sensitizes cancer cells to radiation and other drugs; herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of GLE, alone or in combination with carboplatin in breast cancer models. Our studies were focused on the regulation of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and on cancer cell stemness. Carboplatin and GLE were tested in vitro using the IBC cell line, SUM-149, breast cancer non-IBC cells, MDA-MB-231, and in vivo using IBC xenograft models. Our results show that the GLE/carboplatin combination decreased cell viability, induced cell death by two different mechanisms, and delayed the response to DNA damage. Furthermore, the combination suppressed mammosphere formation and the expression of cancer stemness proteins. In xenograft models, the combination showed significant tumor growth inhibitory effects without systemic toxicity. This study emphasizes the potential of this dual therapy for IBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariana Acevedo-Díaz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico BayamónBayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Gabriela Ortiz-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del CaribeBayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Jael Reyes-Chea
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del CaribeBayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Robert J Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
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Shivappa P, Bernhardt G. Natural radioprotectors on current and future perspectives: A mini-review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:57-71. [PMID: 36034486 PMCID: PMC9416108 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_502_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used as the primary treatment for cancer. Eighty percent of cancer patients require radiation therapy during treatment or for medical purposes. During treatment, radiation causes various biological defects in the cells. The prevalence of cytotoxicity limits the dose used for effective treatment. This method is designed to strike a balance between removing cancer cells and protecting normal tissues. Unfortunately, effective radiation is unavailable once acute toxicity occurs during clinical radiation therapy. Therefore, a lot of research interest is needed in the discovery of radioprotective drugs to accelerate treatment to reduce this toxicity (i.e., normal tissue toxicity to cancer cell death). Radiation protectors may be chemicals or drugs that minimize the damage caused due to radiation therapy in living organisms. The determination of effective and nontoxic radiation protection is an essential goal for radiation oncologists and basic radiobiologists. However, despite the advantages, many radioprotectors were found to have disadvantages which include cost, less duration, toxicity, and effect on the central nervous system. Therefore in recent years, the focus has been diverted to finding out optimal natural products to act as radioprotectors. Natural radiation protectors are plant compounds that protect normal (noncancerous) cells from damage from radiation therapy. Natural herbal products are nontoxic with proven therapeutic benefits and have long been used to treat various diseases. In conclusion, we find that there are various radiation protectors with different purposes and mechanisms of action.
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Parepalli Y, Chavali M, Sami R, Khojah E, Elhakem A, El Askary A, Singh M, Sinha S, El-Chaghab G. Evaluation of Some Active Nutrients, Biological Compounds and Health Benefits of Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum). INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.243.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ahmad R, Riaz M, Khan A, Aljamea A, Algheryafi M, Sewaket D, Alqathama A. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) an edible mushroom; a comprehensive and critical review of its nutritional, cosmeceutical, mycochemical, pharmacological, clinical, and toxicological properties. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6030-6062. [PMID: 34411377 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reishi owes an exceptional value in nutritional, cosmeceutical, and medical treatments; however, none of the studies has provided its future-driven critical assessment. This study documents an up-to-date review (2015-2020, wherever applicable) and provide valuable insights (preclinical and clinical evidence-based) with comprehensive and critical assessments. Various databases 'Google scholar', 'Web of Science', 'ScienceDirect', 'PubMed', 'Springer Link', books, theses, and library resources were used. The taxonomic chaos of G. lucidum and its related species was discussed in detail with solution-oriented emphasis. Reishi contains polysaccharides (α/β-D-glucans), alkaloids, triterpenoids (ganoderic acids, ganoderenic acids, ganoderol, ganoderiol, lucidenic acids), sterols/ergosterol, proteins (LZ-8, LZ-9), nucleosides (adenosine, inosine, uridine), and nucleotides (guanine, adenine). Some active drugs are explored at an optimum level to make them potential drug candidates. The pharmacological potential was observed in diabetes, inflammation, epilepsy, neurodegeneration, cancer, anxiety, sedation, cardiac diseases, depression, hepatic diseases, and immune disorders; however, most of the studies are preclinical with a number of drawbacks. In particular, quality clinical data are intensely needed to support pharmacological activities for human use. The presence of numerous micro-, macro, and trace elements imparts an essential nutritional and cosmeceutical value to Reishi, and various marketed products are available already, but the clinical studies regarding safety and efficacy, interactions with foods/drinks, chronic use, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity are missing for Reishi. Reishi possesses many valuable pharmacological activities, and the number of patents and clinical trials is increasing for Reishi. Yet, a gap in research exists for Reishi, which is discussed in detail in the forthcoming sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir, Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (U), Pakistan
| | - Aslam Khan
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Aljamea
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algheryafi
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deya Sewaket
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Ganoderma lucidum: A potential source to surmount viral infections through β-glucans immunomodulatory and triterpenoids antiviral properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:769-779. [PMID: 34197853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the major bioactive compounds and have been used as traditional medicine for ancient times. Massive demands of G. lucidum have fascinated the researchers towards its application as functional food, nutraceutical and modern medicine owing to wide range of application in various diseases include immunomodulators, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective. G. lucidum polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory properties through boosting the action of antigen-presenting cells, mononuclear phagocyte system, along with humoral and cellular immunity. β-Glucans isolated from G. lucidum are anticipated to produce an immune response through pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). β-Glucans after binding with dectin-1 receptor present on different cells include macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils produce signal transduction that lead to trigger the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), T cells and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) that refer to cytokines production and contributing to immune response. While triterpenoids produce antiviral effects through inhibiting various enzymes like neuraminidase, HIV-protease, DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease and HSV multiplication. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids adjunct to other drugs exhibit potential action in prevention and treatment of various diseases. Immunomodulators and antiviral properties of this mushroom could be a potential source to overcome this current pandemic outbreak.
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Kour H, Kour S, Sharma Y, Singh S, Sharma I, Kour D, Yadav AN. Bioprospecting of Industrially Important Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Ganoderma boninense mycelia for phytochemicals and secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity. J Microbiol 2020; 58:1054-1064. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-020-0208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Al-Ansari MM, Dhasarathan P, Ranjitsingh A, Al-Humaid LA. Ganoderma lucidum inspired silver nanoparticles and its biomedical applications with special reference to drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from CAUTI. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2993-3002. [PMID: 33100858 PMCID: PMC7569111 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for alternative therapy for infections and other ailments, metallic nanoparticles, mainly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through bioengineered sources are extensively explored. Fungal bioactive compounds and their nanoparticles were reported with the potential biomedical application. A medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum was reported as a repository of rich medicinal properties. In the current study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the extracts of G. lucidum and its antimicrobial activity was tested against drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the catheter used for urinary tract infection (CAUTI). The GC-MS study of G. lucidum extracts showed the presence of ethyl acetoacetate ethylene acetal with the highest area percentage of 72.2% and retention time (RT 5873). Pyridine-3-ol is the second primary compound with a peak height of 6.44% and a retention time of 2.143. The third compound is l,4-Dioxane-2,3-diol, with an area of 8.09% and RT 5450. Butylated Hydroxy Toluene [BHT] is the fourth major compound with an area of 3.32%, and 9-Cedranone constitutes the fifth position in occupying the area percentage [1.88] and height 1.56%. Pyrrole is the sixth primary compound registering an area size of 0.96% and height 2.06%. The AgNPs synthesized using G. lucidum extract were in size range 23 and 58 nm as per SEM analysis and within the range wavelength 0.556-0.796 nm as per UV-Vis spectral study. FTIR Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were made to characterize the formed nanoparticles. The AgNPs synthesized effectively inhibited the growth of E. coli isolated from catheter-associated urinary tract infection and showed resistance to many drugs. The antioxidant potential of the synthesized nanoparticles assessed using DPPH radical scavenging activity, EC50 (µg/ml), and ARP data showed that the prepared nanoparticles were more potent in free radical scavenging activity than the standard quercetin. The cytotoxicity effect of Ag-NPs on breast cancer cell line- MDA-MB-231 confirmed its anticancer potential. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Ag-NPs to inhibit 50% of the tumor was 9.2 g/mL. The synthesized GL-AgNPs was exhibited a multifocal biomedical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mysoon M. Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Female Campus, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - P. Dhasarathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Chennai 600056, India
| | - A.J.A. Ranjitsingh
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Chennai 600056, India
| | - Latifah A. Al-Humaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Female Campus, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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