1
|
Xia Y, Wang D, Li J, Chen M, Wang D, Jiang Z, Liu B. Corrigendum: Compounds purified from edible fungi fight against chronic inflammation through oxidative stress regulation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1081523. [PMID: 36686659 PMCID: PMC9849929 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1081523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974794.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xia
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minqi Chen
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Ziping Jiang, ; Bin Liu,
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Ziping Jiang, ; Bin Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xulu JH, Ndongwe T, Ezealisiji KM, Tembu VJ, Mncwangi NP, Witika BA, Siwe-Noundou X. The Use of Medicinal Plant-Derived Metallic Nanoparticles in Theranostics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2437. [PMID: 36365255 PMCID: PMC9698412 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the quest to effectively diagnose and treat the diseases that afflict mankind, the development of a tool capable of simultaneous detection and treatment would provide a significant cornerstone for the survival and control of these diseases. Theranostics denotes a portmanteau of therapeutics and diagnostics which simultaneously detect and treat ailments. Research advances have initiated the advent of theranostics in modern medicine. Overall, theranostics are drug delivery systems with molecular or targeted imaging agents integrated into their structure. The application of theranostics is rising exponentially due to the urgent need for treatments that can be utilized for diagnostic imaging as an aid in precision and personalised medicine. Subsequently, the emergence of nanobiotechnology and the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) has provided one such avenue for nanoscale development and research. Of interest is the drastic rise in the use of medicinal plants in the synthesis of MNPs which have been reported to be potentially effective in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. At present, medicinal plant-derived MNPs have been cited to have broad pharmacological applications and have been studied for their potential use in the treatment and management of cancer, malaria, microbial and cardiovascular diseases. The subject of this article regards the role of medicinal plants in the synthesis of MNPs and the potential role of MNPs in the field of theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jabulile Happiness Xulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Tanaka Ndongwe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Kenneth M. Ezealisiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323 Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Vuyelwa J. Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Nontobeko P. Mncwangi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, MEDUNSA, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Xavier Siwe-Noundou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A Review of the Health Protective Effects of Phenolic Acids against a Range of Severe Pathologic Conditions (Including Coronavirus-Based Infections). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175405. [PMID: 34500838 PMCID: PMC8433690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic acids comprise a class of phytochemical compounds that can be extracted from various plant sources and are well known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A few of the most common naturally occurring phenolic acids (i.e., caffeic, carnosic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, rosmarinic, vanillic) have been identified as ingredients of edible botanicals (thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, etc.). Over the last decade, clinical research has focused on a number of in vitro (in human cells) and in vivo (animal) studies aimed at exploring the health protective effects of phenolic acids against the most severe human diseases. In this review paper, the authors first report on the main structural features of phenolic acids, their most important natural sources and their extraction techniques. Subsequently, the main target of this analysis is to provide an overview of the most recent clinical studies on phenolic acids that investigate their health effects against a range of severe pathologic conditions (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and viral infections—including coronaviruses-based ones).
Collapse
|
4
|
Singamaneni V, Lone B, Singh J, Kumar P, Gairola S, Singh S, Gupta P. Coronarin K and L: Two Novel Labdane Diterpenes From Roscoea purpurea: An Ayurvedic Crude Drug. Front Chem 2021; 9:642073. [PMID: 33968897 PMCID: PMC8097143 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.642073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of cancer treatment with chemotherapy is to kill the cancerous cells without affecting the healthy normal cells. In the present study, bioactivity-guided purification of the n-chloroform soluble fraction from the methanol extract of Roscoea purpurea resulted in the identification of two new labdane diterpenes: coronarin K (1) and coronarin L (2), along with eight known compounds, coronarin A (3), bisdemethoxycurcumin (4), kaempferol 3-O-methyl ether (5), kaempferol (6), fenozan acid (7), 3-(3-methoxy,4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid ferulic acid (8), caffeic acid (9), and gallic acid (10). The structural identification of new compounds (1 and 2) were determined by detailed analysis of 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) spectroscopic data. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were determined with the help of NOESY correlations and comparison of optical rotations with known labdane diterpenes, with established stereochemistry, while structure of known compounds was established by direct comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of isolation of this labdane diterpenes and phenolic classes of secondary metabolites in R. purpurea. In the preliminary screening, the methanol extract and its fractions were tested for the cytotoxic activity against a panel of four cancer cell lines (A549, HCT-116, Bxpc-3, and MCF-7); extract and its chloroform fraction were found to be active against the lung cancer cell line, A-549, with IC50 value <25 μg/ml. Owing to the notable cytotoxic activity of the chloroform fraction, the compounds (1-5) were screened for their cytotoxicity against all the cell lines by MTT assay. Coronarin K, 1 showed significant cytotoxic potential against lung cancer cell lines (A-549), with IC50 value of 13.49 μM, while other compounds did not show activity below 22 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Singamaneni
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Bashir Lone
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.,Plant Science Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.,Plant Science Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martha Pérez-Gutierrez R, Sherazada Rodríguez-Clavel I, Patricia Paredes-Carrera S, Carlos Sánchez-Ochoa J, Muñiz-Ramirez A, Medellin Garibay S, Joel Paz-García E. Synthesis of keratine, silver, and flavonols nanocomposites to inhibit oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cell (INS-1) and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species production. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
6
|
Cytinus under the Microscope: Disclosing the Secrets of a Parasitic Plant. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010146. [PMID: 33445677 PMCID: PMC7828134 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Well over 1% of all flowering plants are parasites, obtaining all or part of the nutrients they need from other plants. Among this extremely heterogeneous assemblage, the Cytinaceae form a small group of holoparasites, with Cytinus as the main representative genus. Despite the small number of known species and the fact that it doesn't attack crops or plants of economic importance, Cytinus is paradigmatic among parasitic plants. Recent research has indeed disclosed many aspects of host-parasite interactions and reproductive biology, the latter displaying a vast array of adaptive traits to lure a range of animal pollinators. Furthermore, analysis of biological activities of extracts of the most common species of Cytinus has provided evidence that this plant could be a valuable source of compounds with high potential in key applicative areas, namely food production (nutraceuticals) and the development of antimicrobial therapeutics. This article offers a complete overview of our current knowledge of Cytinus.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hossen K, Das KR, Okada S, Iwasaki A, Suenaga K, Kato-Noguchi H. Allelopathic Potential and Active Substances from Wedelia Chinensis (Osbeck). Foods 2020; 9:foods9111591. [PMID: 33147830 PMCID: PMC7692298 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wedelia chinensis (Asteraceae) is a wetland herb native to India, China, and Japan. It is a valuable medicinal plant recorded to have pharmaceutical properties. However, the phytotoxic potential of Wedelia chinensis has not yet been examined. Thus, we carried out this study to establish the allelopathic effects of Wedelia chinensis and to identify its phytotoxic substances. Extracts of Wedelia chinensis exhibited high inhibitory activity against the root and shoot growth of cress, alfalfa, rapeseed, lettuce, foxtail fescue, Italian ryegrass, timothy, and barnyard grass. The inhibition was varied with species and was dependent on concentrations. The extracts were separated through several purification steps, and the two effective substances were isolated and characterized as vanillic acid and gallic acid using spectral analysis. Vanillic acid and gallic acid significantly arrested the growth of cress and Italian ryegrass seedlings. The concentrations of vanillic acid and gallic acid needed for 50% inhibition (I50 values) of the seedling growth of the cress and Italian ryegrass were 0.04–15.4 and 0.45–6.6 mM, respectively. The findings suggest that vanillic acid and gallic acid may be required for the growth inhibitory activities of Wedelia chinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawsar Hossen
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (K.H.); (K.R.D.); (S.O.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Krishna Rany Das
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (K.H.); (K.R.D.); (S.O.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shun Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (K.H.); (K.R.D.); (S.O.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; (A.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; (A.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (K.H.); (K.R.D.); (S.O.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Padiglia A, Zucca P, Cannea FB, Diana A, Maxia C, Murtas D, Rescigno A. Absence of Polyphenol Oxidase in Cynomorium coccineum, a Widespread Holoparasitic Plant. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080964. [PMID: 32751574 PMCID: PMC7570208 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO, E.C. 1.14.18.1) is a nearly ubiquitous enzyme that is widely distributed among organisms. Despite its widespread distribution, the role of PPO in plants has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, we report for the absence of PPO in Cynomorium coccineum, a holoparasitic plant adapted to withstand unfavorable climatic conditions, growing in Mediterranean countries and amply used in traditional medicine. The lack of PPO has been demonstrated by the absence of enzymatic activity with various substrates, by the lack of immunohistochemical detection of the enzyme, and by the absence of the PPO gene and, consequently, its expression. The results obtained in our work allow us to exclude the presence of the PPO activity (both latent and mature forms of the enzyme), as well as of one or more genes coding for PPO in C. coccineum. Finally, we discuss the possible significance of PPO deficiency in parasitic plants adapted to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Padiglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell’ambiente (Disva), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.P.); (F.B.C.)
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche (DiSB), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.Z.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Faustina B. Cannea
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita e dell’ambiente (Disva), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.P.); (F.B.C.)
| | - Andrea Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche (DiSB), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.Z.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Cristina Maxia
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche (DiSB), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.Z.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche (DiSB), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.Z.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (D.M.)
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche (DiSB), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (P.Z.); (A.D.); (C.M.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-6754516
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ben Attia I, Zucca P, Cesare Marincola F, Nieddu M, Piras A, Rosa A, Rescigno A, Chaieb M. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities on Cancer Cell Line of Extracts of Parasitic Plants Harvested in Tunisia. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
10
|
Kiokias S, Proestos C, Oreopoulou V. Phenolic Acids of Plant Origin-A Review on Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro (O/W Emulsion Systems) Along with Their in Vivo Health Biochemical Properties. Foods 2020; 9:E534. [PMID: 32344540 PMCID: PMC7231038 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has generously offered a wide range of herbs (e.g., thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil) rich in many polyphenols and other phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and biochemical properties. This paper focuses on several natural occurring phenolic acids (caffeic, carnosic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, rosmarinic, vanillic) and first gives an overview of their most common natural plant sources. A summary of the recently reported antioxidant activities of the phenolic acids in o/w emulsions is also provided as an in vitro lipid-based model system. Exploring the interfacial activity of phenolic acids could help to further elucidate their potential health properties against oxidative stress conditions of biological membranes (such as lipoproteins). Finally, this review reports on the latest literature evidence concerning specific biochemical properties of the examined phenolic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kiokias
- Research Executive Agency (REA), Place Charles Rogier 16, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassiliki Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iron Politechniou, 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leonti M, Bellot S, Zucca P, Rescigno A. Astringent drugs for bleedings and diarrhoea: The history of Cynomorium coccineum (Maltese Mushroom). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112368. [PMID: 31678417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The botanical identity of the ancient vernacular cynomorium does not correspond to the modern scientific genus while it is not clear how many species of hipocistis (Cytinus sp.) were differentiated by the ancient physicians and whether Cynomorium coccineum was subsumed. The early history of therapeutic uses related to the herbal drugs derived from these parasitic taxa is therefore not easily accessible. Cynomorium coccineum became an important pharmaceutical commodity after the Siege of Malta but its importance decreased in the 18th century and now is considered obsolete. MATERIAL AND METHODS We compare the morphological, ecological and therapeutic information of Cynomorium and other parasitizing plant taxa across the past 2000 years and contextualize their uses with the pharmacological properties of their principal metabolites focusing on the raise and fall of C. coccineum as a medicine. RESULTS The therapeutic uses of C. coccineum, the Maltese mushroom, seem to become clearly traceable since the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna. Styptic and astringent drugs such as Cynomorium, Cytinus but also gall apples and many others have been selected for their protein-linking capacity leading to the formation of a protective layer on the mucous membranes, which can be used to reduce the secretion of water and electrolytes in case of diarrhoea, dysentery and external bleedings. Whether C. coccineum is effective as a systemically applied anti-haemorrhagic drug is questionable. CONCLUSION It appears that the vernacular cynomorium of the ancients corresponds to an edible Orobanche sp. while it remains doubtful whether the vernacular hipocistis was next to Cytinus sp. also applied to C. coccineum as evidence of C. coccineum parasitizing Cistus sp. is scarce. The isolation of gallic acid used as a styptic and the increasing availability of chemical styptics in the 18th century together with the availability of effective alternative anti-diarrhoeic drugs with a more reliable supply very probably led to the decline of the importance of the Maltese mushroom in pharmacy during the 18th century. The effectiveness of gallic acid as a systemic anti-haemorrhagic remains uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sidonie Bellot
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, TW9 3DS, Richmond, UK
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Sdiri M, Peng J, Xie Y, Yang BB. Identification and characterization of chemical components in the bioactive fractions of Cynomorium coccineum that possess anticancer activity. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:61-73. [PMID: 31892846 PMCID: PMC6930376 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynomorium coccineum has long been used as the health and medicinal plant known to induce cancer cell death. However, the bioactive compounds of C. coccineum and the underlying mechanism of their regulator in cell autophagy and cell apoptosis remain unexplored. In our previous study, we found that the ethanol extract had antitumor activity through inducing cancer cell death. In this study, by detecting the anti-tumor effect of sequence extracts from Cynomorium coccineum, the active constituents were collected in solvent ethyl acetate. A strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS) was first utilized to analyze the chemical constituents of active fraction (ethyl acetate fraction, CS3). A total of 29 compounds including 8 triterpenoids, 6 flavonoids, 4 fatty acids, 8 phenolic acids, 1 anthraquinones, 1 nucleoside and 1 sterol were detected and identified or tentatively identified for the first time in Cynomorium coccineum. We found that CS3 induces cancer cell death accompanied with a great number of vacuoles in the cytoplasm. CS3-induced autophagosome formation was found and confirmed by electron microscopy and the high expression levels of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3-II (LC3II), a marker protein of autophagy. We additionally demonstrated that CS3 activated and increased the pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins, BNIP3 and BNIP3L, in mRNA and protein levels. The constituents of CS3 down-regulated anti-apoptotic BCL2, and then releases autophagic protein Beclin-1. These finding for the first time systematically not only explore and identify the active constituents of CS3 in Cynomorium coccineum, but also examined the mechanism associated with CS3-induced cell death via cell autophagy. This active component may serve as a potential source to obtain new autophagy inducer and anti-cancer compounds for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Mouna Sdiri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M4N3M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vascellari S, Zucca P, Perra D, Serra A, Piras A, Rescigno A. Antiproliferative and antiviral activity of methanolic extracts from Sardinian Maltese Mushroom ( Cynomorium coccineum L.). Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2967-2971. [PMID: 31621410 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1678613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cynomorium coccineum is a non-photosynthetic plant that grows in Mediterranean countries and that is amply used in the traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to extend previous studies on the chemical and biological properties of C. coccineum, evaluating the potential antiviral and antiproliferative activity of the methanolic extract. The MTT assay was used for the in vitro cytotoxic studies against human cancer-derived cell lines, while both MTT and plaque reduction (PRT) methods were used to evaluate the potential inhibitory effect of the extract against a panel of mammal viruses. The results obtained showed no selective activity against any DNA and RNA virus but revealed an interesting antiproliferative activity against human leukaemia-derived cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vascellari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Perra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Geology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zucca P, Bellot S, Rescigno A. The Modern Use of an Ancient Plant: Exploring the Antioxidant and Nutraceutical Potential of the Maltese Mushroom ( Cynomorium Coccineum L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080289. [PMID: 31394783 PMCID: PMC6719927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the continuous scientific search for new safe and effective drugs, there has recently been a rediscovery of natural substances as a potential reservoir of innovative therapeutic solutions for human health, with the prospect of integrating with and sometimes replacing conventional drugs. Cynomorium coccineum subsp. coccineum is a holoparasitic plant well known in ethnopharmacology, although its current use as a curative remedy is reported only in some ethnic groups of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Often known as ‘Maltese mushroom’ due to its unique appearance and the absence of chlorophyll, C. coccineum is present in almost all of the Mediterranean Basin. It is only recently that a few research groups have begun to look for confirmation of some of its traditional uses to highlight previously unknown biological activities. Here, we review the recent scientific findings on the plant’s phytochemistry and the most significant descriptions of some of its antioxidant and biological activities (antimicrobial, anticancer, pro-erectile, and anti-tyrosinase enzyme) both in vivo and in vitro. Some of these may be promising from the perspective of food and cosmetic formulations. The purpose of this review is to provide an initial impetus to those who, in the foreseeable future, will want to increase the knowledge and possible applications of this plant full of history, charm, and mystery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Sidonie Bellot
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salehi B, Armstrong L, Rescigno A, Yeskaliyeva B, Seitimova G, Beyatli A, Sharmeen J, Mahomoodally MF, Sharopov F, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Abenavoli L, Capasso R, Sharifi-Rad J. Lamium Plants-A Comprehensive Review on Health Benefits and Biological Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101913. [PMID: 31109023 PMCID: PMC6571824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is an updated snapshot of Lamium plants and their biological activities. The main features of the plant are described and the components of its essential oils are summarized. The traditional medicinal uses of Lamium plants has been reported. The presence of these chemicals i.e., hydroxycinnamic acids, iridoids, secoiridoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenylpropanoids, phytoecdysteroids, benzoxazinoids, betaine can provide biological activities. After the discussion of antioxidant properties documented for Lamium plants, the biological activities, studied using in vitro models, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive activity, and pain therapy and cytotoxicity and cytoprotective activity are here described and discussed. Finally, targeted examples of in vivo studies are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran.
| | - Lorene Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030900, Brasil.
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, s.s. 554 bivio Sestu, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Balakyz Yeskaliyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 480012, Kazakhstan.
| | - Gulnaz Seitimova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 480012, Kazakhstan.
| | - Ahmet Beyatli
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Jugreet Sharmeen
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius.
| | | | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, viale Europa-Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tannin profile, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial activity of extracts from two Mediterranean species of parasitic plant Cytinus. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:82. [PMID: 30952208 PMCID: PMC6451225 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytinus is small genus of endophytic parasitic plants distributed in South Africa, Madagascar, and in the Mediterranean region. In the latter area, two species occur, Cytinus hypocistis and C. ruber, distinguished by both morphological characters and ecological traits. We characterized the ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from the inflorescences of C. hypocistis and C. ruber collected in Sardinia, Italy, and explored their tannin content, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities. METHODS Total phenolic contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method. Tannin content was determined by HPLC. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested with both electron transfer-based (FRAP, TEAC, DPPH) and spectrophotometric HAT methods (ORAC-PYR). The antimicrobial activities of extracts/compounds were evaluated using the broth microdilution method. The bactericidal activity was evaluated using the time-kill method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by crystal violet (CV) staining assay. RESULTS Characterization of the tannin profile of C. hypocistis and C. ruber revealed a significant amount of gallotannins, in particular 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. In addition, pentagalloyl-O-β-D-glucose was present in all extracts, reaching the concentration of 0.117 g/kg in the ethanolic extract of C. hypocistis. C. hypocistis extracts displayed a strongest antioxidant activity than C. ruber extracts. Three Gram-positive bacterial species tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium) resulted sensitive to both Cytinus extracts, with MICs ranging from 125 to 500 μg/ml for aqueous extracts and from 31.25 to 250 μg/ml for ethanolic extracts; on the contrary, Gram-negative strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were not affected by Cytinus extracts. Intriguingly, we observed the suppressive activity of ethanolic extracts of C. hypocistis and C. ruber on biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. Experiments performed with synthetic compounds indicated that pentagalloyl-O-β-D-glucose is likely to be one of the active antimicrobial components of Cytinus extracts. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that Cytinus extracts have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, suggesting a possible application of Cytinus as sources of natural antimicrobials and antioxidants.
Collapse
|
17
|
Toxicity Assessment of Chinese Herbal Medicine Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9819643. [PMID: 30949225 PMCID: PMC6425418 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9819643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cynomorium songaricum Rupr, known as Suo Yang, is most commonly used to treat fatigue, protect the liver, and invigorate kidneys in Northwest China. Given the wide medicinal utilisation and lack of safety evaluation, this work evaluated the acute toxicity, genetic toxicity, and 90-day repeated oral toxicity of Suo Yang. Twenty Kunming mice were orally given Suo Yang once and observed for 14 days in the acute toxicity test. The genetic toxicity of Suo Yang was tested using in vivo and vitro assays (bacterial reverse mutation test, mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, and spermatocyte chromosomal aberration assay). In the 90-day repeated oral toxicity study, 80 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and then orally given Suo Yang at different concentrations (1.04, 2.08 or 4.16 g/kg), while the control group was given sterile water. In the acute toxicity test, no abnormal behaviour or mortality was found in mice. The results suggest that the maximum tolerable dose of Suo Yang is greater than 15 g/kg. In the genotoxicity studies, no revertant colonies were produced in vitro. In the in vivo assays, no increased frequencies of micronuclei or structural abnormalities of spermatocyte chromosomes were found. In the 90-day repeated oral toxicity study, no significant toxicological manifestations were observed in haematological parameters or clinical and pathological examinations. In summary, these results suggest that Suo Yang at the given doses does not cause adverse effects in animals. Thus, Suo Yang can reasonably be considered a safe herbal medicine.
Collapse
|
18
|
Salehi B, Varoni EM, Sharifi-Rad M, Rajabi S, Zucca P, Iriti M, Sharifi-Rad J. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a target for botanicals in cancer metastasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:125-136. [PMID: 30668422 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant kingdom represents an unlimited source of phytotherapeutics with promising perspectives in the field of anticancer drug discovery. PURPOSE In this view, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a novel and major target in anticancer therapy. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide an updated overview on the bioactive phytochemicals with anti-EMT activity. CONCLUSION Among the plant products reviewed, phenylpropanoids were the most investigated at preclinical phase, thus exhibiting a promising potential as anticancer drugs, though an evidence-based clinical efficacy is still lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Anticancer Activity of Cynomorium coccineum. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100354. [PMID: 30261584 PMCID: PMC6210173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive applications of Cynomorium species and their rich bioactive secondary metabolites have inspired many pharmacological investigations. Previous research has been conducted to examine the biological activities and numerous interesting pharmaceutical activities have been reported. However, the antitumor activities of these species are unclear. To understand the potential anticancer activity, we screened Cynomorium coccineum and Cynomorium songaricum using three different extracts of each species. In this study, the selected extracts were evaluated for their ability to decrease survival rates of five different cancer cell lines. We compared the cytotoxicity of the three different extracts to the anticancer drug vinblastine and one of the most well-known medicinal mushrooms Amaurederma rude. We found that the water and alcohol extracts of C. coccineum at the very low concentrations possessed very high capacity in decreasing the cancer cells viability with a potential inhibition of tumorigenesis. Based on these primitive data, we subsequently tested the ethanol and the water extracts of C. coccineum, respectively in in vitro and in vivo assays. Cell cycle progression and induction of programmed cell death were investigated at both biological and molecular levels to understand the mechanism of the antitumor inhibitory action of the C. coccineum. The in vitro experiments showed that the treated cancer cells formed fewer and smaller colonies than the untreated cells. Cell cycle progression was inhibited, and the ethanol extract of C.coccineum at a low concentration induced accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. We also found that the C. coccineum’s extracts suppressed viability of two murine cancer cell lines. In the in vivo experiments, we injected mice with murine cancer cell line B16, followed by peritoneal injection of the water extract. The treatment prolonged mouse survival significantly. The tumors grew at a slower rate than the control. Down-regulation of c-myc expression appeared to be associated with these effects. Further investigation showed that treatment with C.coccineum induced the overexpression of the tumor suppressor Foxo3 and other molecules involved in inducing autophagy. These results showed that the C. coccineum extract exerts its antiproliferative activity through the induction of cell death pathway. Thus, the Cynomorium plants appear to be a promising source of new antineoplastic compounds.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential Differences between Cynomorium coccineum L. Growing in Italy and in Tunisia: Effect of Environmental Stress. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
21
|
Elkhateeb WA, Zaghlol GM, El-Garawani IM, Ahmed EF, Rateb ME, Abdel Moneim AE. Ganoderma applanatum secondary metabolites induced apoptosis through different pathways: In vivo and in vitro anticancer studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:264-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
22
|
Salehi B, Zucca P, Sharifi-Rad M, Pezzani R, Rajabi S, Setzer WN, Varoni EM, Iriti M, Kobarfard F, Sharifi-Rad J. Phytotherapeutics in cancer invasion and metastasis. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1425-1449. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology; Zabol University of Medical Sciences; Zabol 61663-335 Iran
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- OU Endocrinology, Dept. Medicine (DIMED); University of Padova; via Ospedale 105 Padova 35128 Italy
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base; Padova Italy
| | - Sadegh Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama in Huntsville; Huntsville AL 35899 USA
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences; Milan State University; Milan Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; Milan State University; Milan Italy
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex; The University of Winnipeg; Winnipeg MB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang X, Gu C, Ahmad B, Huang L. Optimization of Extract Method for Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. by Response Surface Methodology. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:6153802. [PMID: 29435384 PMCID: PMC5757168 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6153802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. from different producing areas, which is an edible, holoparasitic, and desert plant that has been used in traditional medicine for improving immunity and kidney function and treating constipation. We optimized the extract conditions by response surface methodology (RSM) and determined the content of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and catechin of C. songaricum simultaneously from different producing areas by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It is the first study in which the RSM was used to optimize the extract condition of C. songaricum with multiple evaluation factors, ensuring the efficiency and accuracy of the study. The results were analyzed by principal component analysis, and they showed that the quality of C. songaricum from Qinghai Province was the best, while the quality of C. songaricum from Gansu Province was the worst. For the first time, the two ecotypes of C. songaricum, including Outside Great Wall type and Inside Great Wall type, were discovered and identified by the chemical marker protocatechuic acid. This study is the scientific basis for quality evaluation, especially for food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Caimei Gu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Bellot S, Cusimano N, Luo S, Sun G, Zarre S, Gröger A, Temsch E, Renner SS. Assembled Plastid and Mitochondrial Genomes, as well as Nuclear Genes, Place the Parasite Family Cynomoriaceae in the Saxifragales. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2214-30. [PMID: 27358425 PMCID: PMC4987112 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynomoriaceae, one of the last unplaced families of flowering plants, comprise one or two species or subspecies of root parasites that occur from the Mediterranean to the Gobi Desert. Using Illumina sequencing, we assembled the mitochondrial and plastid genomes as well as some nuclear genes of a
Cynomorium
specimen from Italy. Selected genes were also obtained by Sanger sequencing from individuals collected in China and Iran, resulting in matrices of 33 mitochondrial, 6 nuclear, and 14 plastid genes and rDNAs enlarged to include a representative angiosperm taxon sampling based on data available in GenBank. We also compiled a new geographic map to discern possible discontinuities in the parasites’ occurrence.
Cynomorium
has large genomes of 13.70–13.61 (Italy) to 13.95–13.76 pg (China). Its mitochondrial genome consists of up to 49 circular subgenomes and has an overall gene content similar to that of photosynthetic angiosperms, while its plastome retains only 27 of the normally 116 genes. Nuclear, plastid and mitochondrial phylogenies place Cynomoriaceae in Saxifragales, and we found evidence for several horizontal gene transfers from different hosts, as well as intracellular gene transfers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidonie Bellot
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Biodiversity Research, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Natalie Cusimano
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Germany
| | - Shixiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, China
| | - Shahin Zarre
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Eva Temsch
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne S Renner
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zucca P, Pintus M, Manzo G, Nieddu M, Steri D, Rinaldi AC. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties of extracts of the Mediterranean parasitic plant Cytinus hypocistis. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:562. [PMID: 26462912 PMCID: PMC4603636 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytinus is an endophytic parasitic plant occurring in South Africa, Madagascar, and in the Mediterranean region. We have extracted the inflorescences (the only visible part of the plant, emerging from the host roots at the time of blossom) of Cytinus hypocistis collected in Sardinia, Italy, and explored the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and cytotoxic activities of the extracts. Methods Extracts from C. hypocistis were prepared using increasing polarity solvents: cyclohexane, ethanol, and water. Phenolic composition were determined through spectrophotometric assays, and antioxidant activity with both electron-transfer and hydrogen-atom assays. Nine different bacterial strains, including clinical isolate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, were used in agar diffusion method. Cytotoxicity was tested using against the B16F10 melanoma cell line. Results While cyclohexane extracts where biologically inactive, ethanolic and aqueous extracts displayed an intriguing activity against several Gram-positive bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and against the Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumanii. Compared to the conventional antibiotics like cloxacillin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline, C.hypocistis extracts were less active in absolute terms, but displayed a wider spectrum (notably, cloxacillin and ampicillin were inactive against methicillin-resistant S. aureus). The ethanolic extract of C. hypocistis was found to be particularly rich in polyphenols, in most part hydrolysable tannins. The antioxidant activity of extracts, tested with several methodologies, resulted to be particularly high in the case of ethanolic extracts, in accordance with the composition in phenolics. In detail, ethanol extracts presented about a twofold higher activity than the water sample when tested through the oxygen radical absorbance capacity-pyrogallol red (ORAC-PYR) assay. Cytotoxicity analysis against the B16F10 melanoma cell line showed that both extracts have not significant cytotoxic effect, even at the highest dose (1000 µg/mL). Tests showed that ethanolic extracts also had the greatest tyrosinase inhibition activity, indicating that C. hypocistis-derived substances could find application in food formulations as anti-browning agents. Conclusions Overall, these results point to the need of further studies on C. hypocistis extracts, aimed at isolating and fully characterizing its biologically active compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy. .,Consorzio UNO, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Manuela Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Manzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Daniela Steri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Andrea C Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Complesso Universitario, SP Monserrato-Sestu Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Antioxidant activities and total phenol content of Inula viscosa extracts selected from three regions of Morocco. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
28
|
Maltese mushroom (Cynomorium coccineum L.) as source of oil with potential anticancer activity. Nutrients 2015; 7:849-64. [PMID: 25629557 PMCID: PMC4344564 DOI: 10.3390/nu7020849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the potential anticancer properties of fixed oil obtained from Maltese mushroom (Cynomorium coccineum L.), an edible, non-photosynthetic plant, used in traditional medicine of Mediterranean countries to treat various ailments and as an emergency food during the famine. We investigated the effect of the oil, obtained from dried stems by supercritical fractioned extraction with CO2, on B16F10 melanoma and colon cancer Caco-2 cell viability and lipid profile. The oil, rich in essential fatty acids (18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6), showed a significant growth inhibitory effect on melanoma and colon cancer cells. The incubation (24 h) with non-toxic oil concentrations (25 and 50 μg/mL) induced in both cancer cell lines a significant accumulation of the fatty acids 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 and an increase of the cellular levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) with anticancer activity. Moreover, the oil exhibited the ability to potentiate the growth inhibitory effect of the antitumor drug 5-fluorouracil in Caco-2 cells and to influence the melanin content in B16F10 cells. The results qualify C. coccineum as a resource of oil, with potential benefits in cancer prevention, for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gonçalves MJ, Piras A, Porcedda S, Marongiu B, Falconieri D, Cavaleiro C, Rescigno A, Rosa A, Salgueiro L. Antifungal activity of extracts from Cynomorium coccineum growing wild in Sardinia island (Italy). Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:2247-50. [PMID: 25598435 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.1000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cynomorium coccineum L. is a non-photosynthetic plant, spread over Mediterranean countries, amply used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the antifungal activity of its extracts. The antifungal activity was evaluated using the macrodilution method against Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophyte strains. The methanolic extract was very active against C. neoformans, Candida guilliermondii and Candida krusei, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of 0.025 mg/mL. This extract is more active than fluconazole against C. krusei H9. The influence of methanolic extract on the dimorphic transition in Candida albicans was also studied through the germ tube inhibition assay. More than 60% of filamentation was inhibited at a concentration of 1/4 MIC. These results are preliminary and further studies are needed to an eventual use of C. coccineum methanolic extract in the treatments of candidiasis and cryptococcosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Gonçalves
- a Faculdade de Farmacia/CEF and CNC, Universidade de Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Alessandra Piras
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Bruno Marongiu
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Danilo Falconieri
- c Istituto Tecnico Industriale Statale "Michele Giua" , Via Montecassino, 09100 Cagliar , Italy
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- a Faculdade de Farmacia/CEF and CNC, Universidade de Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Antonio Rescigno
- d Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- d Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche , Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato , S.S. 554, km 4, 500 09042 Monserrato , Italy
| | - Ligia Salgueiro
- a Faculdade de Farmacia/CEF and CNC, Universidade de Coimbra , 3000-548 Coimbra , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|