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Zhao L, Duan Y, Li Z, Li J, Li S. Unearthing the Potential Therapeutic Effects of Oxyresveratrol Based on Intrinsic Links between Pharmacological Effects: Implications for the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1063. [PMID: 39204169 PMCID: PMC11359039 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol is a stilbene compound with a simple chemical structure and various therapeutic potentials. This study summarized and analyzed the multiple pharmacological effects and mechanisms of oxyresveratrol, identifying its prominent performance in neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, and anti-inflammatory activities in the intestines. By integrating the pharmacological effects of oxyresveratrol with insights from the network pharmacology and molecular docking of its interactions with targets linked to gut-liver-brain axis disorders, it has been shown that oxyresveratrol may hold promise for the treatment of gut-liver-brain axis-related disorders. The synergistic effect between various mechanisms has inspired further research and the development of oxyresveratrol's application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.L.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yan Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.L.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.L.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shunxiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.Z.); (Y.D.); (J.L.)
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
- Hunan Province Sino-US International Joint Research Center for Therapeutic Drugs of Senile Degenerative Diseases, Changsha 410208, China
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Peng J, Lu C, Luo Y, Su X, Li S, Ho CT. Hypoglycemic effects and associated mechanisms of resveratrol and related stilbenes in diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:2381-2405. [PMID: 38376230 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04761j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has become a global health problem due to changes in diet and lifestyle. Most importantly, persistent hyperglycemia can eventually develop into type II diabetes. While the usage of current drugs is limited by their side effects, stilbenes derived from fruits and herbal/dietary plants are considered as important phytochemicals with potential hypoglycemic properties. Herein, the most common stilbenoids in consumed foods, i.e. resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol, oxyresveratrol, and 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucopyranoside (THSG), are reviewed in this paper. These stilbenes are found to regulate glucose homeostasis via (a) modulation of feeding behaviour and nutrition absorption; (b) restoration of insulin signalling by enhancing insulin production/insulin sensitivity; (c) improvement of gut permeability, gut microbial profile and resulting metabolomes; and (d) amelioration of circadian rhythm disruption. In this review, we have summarized the underlying mechanisms for the hypoglycemic effects of the five most common dietary stilbenoids listed above, providing a comprehensive framework for future study and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Peng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products and School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick 08901, USA
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Guo Y, Wang M, Wu Z, Shi Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Jin B, Cui S, Zhao G. Ultrafast non-adiabatic dynamics of stilbene-based plant-derived sunscreens with cis-trans isomerization structures. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 298:122759. [PMID: 37119635 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the potential UV protection mechanism of the natural compounds hydroxy resveratrol and pterostilbene by combining theoretical calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectra (FTAS). The UV absorption spectra showed that the two compounds exhibited strong absorption properties and high photostability. We found two molecules will reach the S1 state or an even higher excited state after UV exposure and molecules in S1 will cross a lower energy barrier to reach the conical intersection. The adiabatic trans-cis isomerization process happened and finally return to the ground. Meanwhile, FTAS clarified the time scale of trans-cis isomerization of two molecules was ∼ 10 ps, which also met the requirement of fast energy relaxation. This work also provides theoretical guidance for developing new sunscreen molecules from natural stilbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Zibo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shen Cui
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Guangjiu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, MeChem Group, Molecular Dynamic Chemistry Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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Lamichhane G, Sharma G, Sapkota B, Adhikari M, Ghimire S, Poudel P, Jung HJ. Screening of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Adipogenic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Five Selected Medicinal Plants of Nepal. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:93-106. [PMID: 36891159 PMCID: PMC9987241 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s388968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herbal products have been widely used for the treatment of diseases throughout the ages. In this research, we investigated antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extracts of five ethnomedicinally important plants; namely, Alnus nepalensis, Dryopteris sparsa, Artocarpus lacucha, Litsea monopetala, and Lyonia ovalifolia. Methods We investigated the DPPH free radical scavenging potential, sensitivity of selected bacterial strains towards the extracts using a disc diffusion assay, anti-inflammatory activity in RAW-264.7 cells, and anti-adipogenic activity by the ORO assay in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Results and discussion The extract of A. nepalensis showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50=4.838 µg/mL), followed by A. lacucha, L. monopetala, and L. ovalifolia, exhibiting comparable IC50 values to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=5.063 µg/mL). Alnus nepalensis also showed good antibacterial activity in disc diffusion methods, with remarkable zones of inhibition in A. baumannii (14.66 mm) and P. mirabilis (15.50 mm) bacterial species. In addition, A. nepalensis was found to increase adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, evidenced by increased lipid deposition in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. A similar pattern of increased adipogenesis was observed on treatment with L. ovalifolia extracts. On the other hand, A. lacucha effectively reduced lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 cells at 100 µg/mL (75.18±6.42%) by inhibiting adipogenesis, showing its potential use in the management of obesity. Furthermore, A. lacucha 100 µg/mL (15.91±0.277 µM) and L. monopetala 75 µg/mL (12.52±0.05 µM) and 100 µg/mL (11.77±0.33 µM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, A. nepalensis and L. ovalifolia inhibited NO production significantly, endorsing their anti-inflammatory potential. Conclusion The findings from these in-vitro studies suggest that the selected five plants possess remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study opens the door to conduct further advanced in-vivo experiments to find possible lead compounds for the development of valuable therapeutic agents for common health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-749, South Korea
| | - Grinsun Sharma
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, South Korea
| | - Biswash Sapkota
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda, 44107, Nepal
| | - Mahendra Adhikari
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Sandhaya Ghimire
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
| | - Prakash Poudel
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-749, South Korea
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Ma X, Li Y, Lv C, Liu B, Yuan C, Huang W, Luo Q, Xiao Y, Sun C, Li T, Zhang J. Modulation of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway by oxyresveratrol, a derivative of resveratrol from grape skin. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Feng Y, Huang Q. Protective effects of cordycepin against d-galactose-induced aging in rats: A view from the heart. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:433-440. [PMID: 35352454 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aging is a critical contributing factor for cardiovascular diseases. The d-galactose-induced accelerated aging model is comparable to physiological aging from the cellular to the physiological level. The d-galactose treatment induces mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and upregulation of senescence-related genes. Cordycepin, a functional element in Chinese traditional medicine, has multiple beneficial effects as an antioxidant and ROS scavenger, and has been reported to be effective in a number of ischemia models. This paper aims to investigate the cardioprotective effects of cordycepin in the d-galactose accelerated aging model. METHODS In the current study, we employed the d-galactose accelerated aging model to study the cardioprotective effect of cordycepin. Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, randomly divided into five groups, were given vehicle, d-galactose (150 mg/kg/day), and cordycepin at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg per day. At the end of the 8-week treatment, rat cardiac structure and function were assessed with echocardiographic imaging and hemodynamic parameter analysis. RESULTS Cordycepin upregulated the expression of Klotho in serum and heart tissues. The expressions of senescence markers β-galactosidase, p21, and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) were downregulated by cordycepin treatment. Reduction of levels and activity of the antioxidant factors superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) induced by by d-galactose treatment was ameliorated by cordycepin. Furthermore, cordycepin activated AMPK signaling in d-galactose-treated rats. After 8 weeks of treatment, we found that cordycepin improved myocardia contractility and hypertension caused by d-galactose treatment. Mechanistically, reduced expression of the Klotho protein SOD1 caused by d-galactose was recovered in rats co-treated with cordycepin. CONCLUSION Cordycepin could protect against cardiac dysfunction in a d-galactose-induced aging rat model, suggesting the therapeutic cardioprotective potential of cordycepin in aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 433-440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxi Feng
- Cardiovascular Department, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Lechasseur A, Mouchiroud M, Tremblay F, Bouffard G, Milad N, Pineault M, Maranda‐Robitaille M, Routhier J, Beaulieu M, Aubin S, Laplante M, Morissette MC. Glycerol contained in vaping liquids affects the liver and aspects of energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15146. [PMID: 35075822 PMCID: PMC8787618 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping is increasingly popular among the young and adult population. Vaping liquids contained in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are mainly composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, to which nicotine and flavors are added. Among several biological processes, glycerol is a metabolic substrate used for lipid synthesis in fed state as well as glucose synthesis in fasting state. We aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol e-cigarette aerosol exposure on the aspects of glycerol and glucose homeostasis. Adult and young male and female mice were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols with glycerol as vaping liquid using an established whole-body exposure system. Mice were exposed acutely (single 2-h exposure) or chronically (2 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 weeks). Circulating glycerol and glucose levels were assessed and glycerol as well as glucose tolerance tests were performed. The liver was also investigated to assess changes in the histology, lipid content, inflammation, and stress markers. Lung functions were also assessed as well as hepatic mRNA expression of genes controlling the circadian rhythm. Acute exposure to glycerol aerosols generated by an e-cigarette increased circulating glycerol levels in female mice. Increased hepatic triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine concentrations were observed in female mice with no increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase or evidence of inflammation, fibrosis, or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chronic exposure to glycerol e-cigarette aerosols mildly impacted glucose tolerance test in young female and male mice. Fasting glycerol, glucose, and insulin remained unchanged. Increased pulmonary resistance was observed in young male mice. Taken together, this study shows that the glycerol contained in vaping liquids can affect the liver as well as the aspects of glucose and glycerol homeostasis. Additional work is required to translate these observations to humans and determine the biological and potential pathological impacts of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lechasseur
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Félix Tremblay
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Gabrielle Bouffard
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Nadia Milad
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Marie Pineault
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Michaël Maranda‐Robitaille
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | | | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
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Yang H, Xie J, Wang N, Zhou Q, Lu Y, Qu Z, Wang H. Effects of Miao sour soup on hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet-induced obese rats via the AMPK signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4266-4277. [PMID: 34401077 PMCID: PMC8358355 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common characteristic of obese animals. Identifying the factors involved in the regulation of dietary lipid metabolism is the most beneficial way to improve health. Miao sour soup (MSS) is a fermented food made from tomato and red pepper that contains lycopene, capsaicin, and organic acids. We conducted this study to investigate the regulatory functions and mechanisms of MSS on the blood lipid levels of high-fat diet-induced obese rats. In our preventive study, rats were fed normal diet (ND1), high-fat diet (HFD1), HFD + 4 g/kg BW MSS (HFD + LS1), and HFD + 8 g/kg BW MSS (HFD + HS1). We found that MSS significantly reduced the body weight and fat accumulation and improved the blood lipid levels of rats. MSS significantly increased the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα), attenuated the expression of the adipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and suppressed the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCα), the critical regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. Additionally, we also conducted a treatment study, and we grouped rats to receive ND2, HFD2, PC2, HFD + LS2, and HFD + HS2 for another 10 weeks. MSS treatment reduced the body weight, fat deposition, and percentage of lipid droplets and regulated the plasma lipid content. MSS significantly increased the expression of AMPK and alleviated the expression of SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS. Taken together, these findings suggest that MSS prevents and treats hyperlipidemia in obese rats by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease ControlMinistry of EducationGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jiao Xie
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease ControlMinistry of EducationGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Nanlan Wang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease ControlMinistry of EducationGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease ControlMinistry of EducationGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease ControlMinistry of EducationGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Healthcare HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Zihan Qu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease ControlMinistry of EducationGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Laishan District Center for Disease Control and PreventionYantaiChina
| | - Huiqun Wang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease ControlMinistry of EducationGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
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Likhitwitayawuid K. Oxyresveratrol: Sources, Productions, Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:4212. [PMID: 34299485 PMCID: PMC8307110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol has recently attracted much research attention due to its simple chemical structure and diverse therapeutic potentials. Previous reviews describe the chemistry and biological activities of this phytoalexin, but additional coverage and greater accessibility are still needed. The current review provides a more comprehensive summary, covering research from 1955 to the present year. Oxyresveratrol occurs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. However, it has never been reported in plants in the subclass Sympetalae, and this point might be of both chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic importance. Oxyresveratrol can be easily obtained from plant materials by conventional methods, and several systems for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol contents in plant materials and plant products are available. Oxyresveratrol possesses diverse biological and pharmacological activities such as the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and protective effects against neurological disorders and digestive ailments. However, the unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of oxyresveratrol, including low water solubility and poor oral availability and stability, have posed challenges to its development as a useful therapeutic agent. Recently, several delivery systems have emerged, with promising outcomes that may improve chances for the clinical study of oxyresveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Benbouguerra N, Hornedo-Ortega R, Garcia F, El Khawand T, Saucier C, Richard T. Stilbenes in grape berries and wine and their potential role as anti-obesity agents: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Fecal g. Streptococcus and g. Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group combined with sphingosine to modulate the serum dyslipidemia in high-fat diet mice. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4234-4245. [PMID: 33608131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although high-fat diet (HFD) could impact the composition of fecal microbiome and their metabolites, it is still largely unknown which fecal bacteria and metabolites are relatively important in responding to the HFD. This study aimed to identify the crucial fecal bacteria and metabolites in the HFD mice using a microbial-metabolite network, and to investigate the synergistic mediation effect of the crucial fecal bacteria and metabolites on serum dyslipidemia induced by the HFD. METHODS The 16srDNA sequencing and the ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC/TOF MSMS) platform were performed to characterize the composition and function of fecal microbiome, and metabolites in the HFD. The microbial-metabolite network, correlation and mediation analyses were performed to examine the relationships among fecal microbiome, metabolites, and serum dyslipidemia indicators. Mice models were conducted to evaluate the effect of fecal metabolite on dyslipidemia. RESULTS Compared to the control, 32 genera were altered in the HFD, including 26 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated. A total of 42 altered pathways were observed between the control and HFD, and the "Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis" was identified as the most significant pathway (fold change = 0.64; p < 0.001). Meanwhile, 49 fecal metabolites were altered in the HFD, and the fecal microbiome was associated with the fecal metabolism (M2 = 0.776, p = 0.008). Based on the microbial-metabolite network, two major hub genera were screened (HUB1: g. Streptococcus, HUB2: g. Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group), and one bacterial metabolite, sphingosine, was found in this study. Further, the HUB2 was positively associated with fecal sphingosine (r = 0.646, p = 0.001), and its downstream metabolic pathway, "Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis" pathway (r = 0.544, p = 0.009). The regulatory relationship between the HUB2 and sphingosine synergistically mediated the effect of HFD on TCHO (33.7%), HDL-C (37.3%), and bodyweight (36.7%). Besides, compared to the HFD, the HFD with sphingosine supplementation had lower bodyweight (35.12 ± 1.23 vs. 39.42 ± 1.25, p < 0.001), TG (0.44 ± 0.08 vs. 0.52 ± 0.05, p = 0.002), TCHO (3.81 ± 0.34 vs. 4.51 ± 0.38, p = 0.002), and LDL-c (0.82 ± 0.09 vs. 0.97 ± 0.15, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS The g. Streptococcus and g. Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes are two hub genera in the fecal micro-ecosystem of the HFD, and the g. Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes mediates the effect of HFD on dyslipidemia through sphingosine. Sphingosine supplementation can improve dyslipidemia induced by HFD.
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Yang G, Zhan J, Yang Y, Yuan L, Wang P, Ho CT, Li S. Inhibitory effects of oxyresveratrol on ERK and Smad1/2 phosphorylation and HSC activation in preventing carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Inhibitory effect of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb and oxyresveratrol on α-glucosidase and sugar digestion in Caco-2 cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03458. [PMID: 32154416 PMCID: PMC7056649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term diabetic complications are exacerbated by post-prandial hyperglycemia which could be ameliorated by α-glucosidase inhibitor including oxyresveratrol. Puag-Haad is an aqueous extract from Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. containing ~65% oxyresveratrol. Oxyresveratrol is an inhibitor of isolated yeast α-glucosidase enzyme but has not been tested on intact gut enterocytes where the enzyme is membrane-bound. Accordingly, differentiated Caco-2 cells that contain the native enzyme were used to test maltose hydrolysis in the present study. The results demonstrated that purified yeast α-glucosidase was non-competitively inhibited by oxyresveratrol (Ki 54.4 ± 0.7 μg/mL) and Puag-Haad (2.7 ± 0.1 μg/mL) compared to 153.8 ± 4.3 μg/mL acarbose, an anti-diabetic drug. In differentiated Caco-2 cells, both oxyresveratrol and Puag-Haad inhibited maltose hydrolysis with lesser potency compared to acarbose. Thus, although weaker than acarbose, oxyresveratrol and Puag-Haad do not inhibit pancreatic amylase which might be a therapeutic asset in preventing fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrate causes abdominal bloating, flatulence, or diarrhea. Oxyresveratrol and Puag-Haad may help control postprandial hyperglycemia with low risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
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Wu J, Fan Y, Wang X, Jiang X, Zou J, Huang R. Effects of the natural compound, oxyresveratrol, on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, and on biofilm formation, acid production, and virulence gene expression. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:18-26. [PMID: 31970819 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is one of the major pathogens of dental caries. Oxyresveratrol, a natural compound found in plants, exerts inhibitory effects on many bacterial species but its effect on S. mutans is unknown. The objective of this study was to clarify the antibacterial effect of oxyresveratrol on S. mutans, including effects on basic viability, acidogenicity, acidurity, and extracellular polysaccharide synthesis. The expression of nine genes that encode virulence and protective factors in S. mutans was measured by qRT-PCR. Oxyresveratrol showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on survival of S. mutans. At 250 μg ml-1 , oxyresveratrol reduced the S. mutans survival rate, inhibited synthesis of water-insoluble glucans, compromised biofilm formation, and significantly down-regulated the expression of glucosyltransferase-I (gtfB) and glucosyltransferase-SI (gtfC). However, the enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase protein was increased and the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and ATP synthase subunit beta (atpD) genes were also up-regulated. Besides, glucosyltransferase S (gtfD) up-regulation indicated that water-soluble glucan synthesis was promoted. The vicR, liaR, and comDE genes, which exert a self-protective function in response to external stress, were also up-regulated. In conclusion, oxyresveratrol inhibited the growth of S. mutans and also reduced biofilm formation, acid production, and synthesis of water-insoluble glucans by this organism. In addition, oxyresveratrol also activated a series of S. mutans self-protection mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoge Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijie Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Choi JH, Song NJ, Lee AR, Lee DH, Seo MJ, Kim S, Chang SH, Yang DK, Hwang YJ, Hwang KA, Ha TS, Yun UJ, Park KW. Oxyresveratrol Increases Energy Expenditure through Foxo3a-Mediated Ucp1 Induction in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010026. [PMID: 30577593 PMCID: PMC6337118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical oxyresveratrol has been shown to exert diverse biological activities including prevention of obesity. However, the exact reason underlying the anti-obese effects of oxyresveratrol is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanism of oxyresveratrol in adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. Oxyresveratrol suppressed lipid accumulation and expression of adipocyte markers during the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. Administration of oxyresveratrol in HFD-fed obese mice prevented body-weight gains, lowered adipose tissue weights, improved lipid profiles, and increased glucose tolerance. The anti-obese effects were linked to increases in energy expenditure and higher rectal temperatures without affecting food intake, fecal lipid content, and physical activity. The increased energy expenditure by oxyresveratrol was concordant with the induction of thermogenic genes including Ucp1, and the reduction of white adipocyte selective genes in adipose tissue. Furthermore, Foxo3a was identified as an oxyresveratrol-induced gene and it mimicked the effects of oxyresveratrol for induction of thermogenic genes and suppression of white adipocyte selective genes, suggesting the role of Foxo3a in oxyresveratrol-mediated anti-obese effects. Taken together, these data show that oxyresveratrol increases energy expenditure through the induction of thermogenic genes in adipose tissue and further implicates oxyresveratrol as an ingredient and Foxo3a as a molecular target for the development of functional foods in obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - No-Joon Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - A Reum Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Min-Ju Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Seo-Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Korea.
| | - Yu-Jin Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Tal Soo Ha
- Department of Life Science, Deagu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38453, Korea.
| | - Ui Jeong Yun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
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Hwang D, Jo H, Ma SH, Lim YH. Oxyresveratrol stimulates mucin production in an NAD +-dependent manner in human intestinal goblet cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:880-888. [PMID: 29935245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucus layer plays an important role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oxyresveratrol (OXY), an antioxidant, on the stimulation of mucin production in human LS 174T goblet cells and the underlying mechanism thereof. OXY increased MUC2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. By performing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we found that the expression of nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase1 (NaPRT1) in OXY-treated LS 174T cells was greatly increased compared with that in negative control cells. In addition, the NAD+/NADH ratio was increased in proportion to OXY in LS 174T cells. The expression of NAD+-synthesis enzymes, NaPRT1, nicotinamide riboside kinase1 (NRK1) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase1 (Nmnat1) was significantly increased at both the mRNA and protein levels in OXY-treated LS 174T cells. The inhibition of NaPRT1 and NRK1 did not decrease MUC2 expression after inhibiting by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-NaPRT1 and siRNA-NRK1, respectively; however, inhibition of Nmnat by an Nmnat inhibitor decreased MUC2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, OXY increases NAD+ levels, resulting in the stimulation of MUC2 expression in LS 174T cells. These findings present a novel role for NAD+ in stimulation of MUC2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahyun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunA Jo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ma
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health Science (BK21 PLUS Program), Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JH, Baek SY, Jang EJ, Ku SK, Kim KM, Ki SH, Kim CE, Park KI, Kim SC, Kim YW. Oxyresveratrol ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation through liver kinase B1 and AMP-activated protein kinase. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:68-74. [PMID: 29702089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol (OXY) is a naturally occurring polyhydroxylated stilbene that is abundant in mulberry wood (Morus alba L.), which has frequently been supplied as a herbal medicine. It has been shown that OXY has regulatory effects on inflammation and oxidative stress, and may have potential in preventing or curing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study examined the effects of OXY on in vitro model of NAFLD in hepatocyte by the liver X receptor α (LXRα)-mediated induction of lipogenic genes and in vivo model in mice along with its molecular mechanism. OXY inhibited the LXRα agonists-mediated sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) induction and expression of the lipogenic genes and upregulated the mRNA of fatty acid β-oxidation-related genes in hepatocytes, which is more potent than genistein and daidzein. OXY also induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, AMPK activation by the OXY treatment helped inhibit SREBP-1c using compound C as an AMPK antagonist. Oral administration of OXY decreased the Oil Red O stained-positive areas significantly, indicating lipid droplets and hepatic steatosis regions, as well as the serum parameters, such as fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in high fat diet fed-mice, as similar with orally treatment of atorvastatin. Overall, this result suggests that OXY has the potency to inhibit hepatic lipogenesis through the AMPK/SREBP-1c pathway and can be used in the development of pharmaceuticals to prevent a fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, South Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, South Korea
| | - Su Youn Baek
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, South Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Jang
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, South Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, South Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, 13120, South Korea
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegeon, 34054, South Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, 38610, South Korea.
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Milk Fat Globule Membrane Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis and Increasing Uncoupling Protein 1 Expression in White Adipose Tissue of Mice. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 29522452 PMCID: PMC5872749 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), a protein-lipid complex surrounding the fat globules in milk, has many health benefits. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether MFGM could prevent obesity through inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting brown remodeling of white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice fed with high-fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD plus MFGM at 100 mg/kg BW, 200 mg/kg BW or 400 mg/kg BW for 8 weeks. Results showed that MFGM suppressed body weight gain induced by HFD, reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) mass accompanied with the decrease in adipocyte sizes. MFGM was found to have partially improved serum lipid profiles, as well as to have suppressed HFD-induced adipogenesis as shown by reduced expression of peroxisome proliferators-activator receptor-γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). MFGM also markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), showing activation of AMPK pathway. Moreover, MFGM promoted browning of inguinal WAT by upregulation the protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in HFD mice. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that MFGM may protect against diet-induced adiposity by suppressing adipogenesis and promoting brown-like transformation in WAT.
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Ferulic Acid on Glucose Dysregulation, Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Rats: An Integrated Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070675. [PMID: 28661434 PMCID: PMC5537790 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered to be a low-grade chronic inflammatory process, which is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. An integral evaluation of the effects of ferulic acid on biomarkers of glucose dysregulation, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and antioxidant potential induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats was carried out. Three groups of male Wistar rats (six per group) consumed a basal diet (BD), which was supplemented with either lard at 310 g/kg (HFD) or lard and ferulic acid at 2 g/kg (HFD + FA), ad libitum for eight weeks. Body weight gain, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy in abdominal fat tissues were higher in the HFD group than in the HFD+FA group. The rats fed a HFD + FA significantly inhibited the increase in plasma lipids and glucose, compared with the HFD group. Biomarkers associated with inflammation were found at higher concentrations in the serum of rats fed a HFD than the HFD + FA group. Plasma antioxidant levels were lower in HFD rats compared to rats fed the HFD + FA. These results suggest that ferulic acid improves the obesogenic status induced by HFD, and we elucidated the integral effects of ferulic acid on a biological system.
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