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Yoon JM, Lim DH, Lee YB, Han K, Kim BS, Koo HY, Jung SY, Shin DW, Ham DI. The risk of fracture in age-related macular degeneration according to the presence of visual disability: a nationwide cohort study. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:364-371. [PMID: 37598260 PMCID: PMC10810787 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with or without visual disability (VD) and the risk of fracture using the National Health Insurance data in South Korea. METHODS In total, 3,894,702 individuals who had taken part in health-screening programs between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2009, were included in the cohort and followed until December 31, 2019. The participants with VD, which could be related to the severity of AMD, were defined as those with a loss of vision or visual field defect as certified by the Korean government's Ministry of Health and Welfare. The hazard ratio was calculated for groups (control and AMD with/without VD) using the multivariable-adjusted cox regression analysis. RESULTS In total, 466,890 participants (11.99%) were diagnosed with fractures during the study period. An increased risk of fracture was observed in individuals with AMD compared with the control (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.11). Furthermore, among the AMD individuals, an increased risk of fracture was prominent in individuals with VD (aHR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.27) than those without VD (aHR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.11) compared with the reference group (control). CONCLUSIONS AMD was associated with an increased risk of fracture even without VD. Prevention for fracture should be considered in AMD patients, especially when accompanied by VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Moon Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hui Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Sung Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Koo
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Young Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Office of eHealth Research and Business and Center for Medical Informatics, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Don-Il Ham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Koçyiğit E, Gövez NE, Arslan S, Ağagündüz D. A narrative review on dietary components and patterns and age-related macular degeneration. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38221852 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most prevalent eye diseases among the ageing population worldwide. It is a leading cause of blindness in individuals over 55, particularly in industrialised Western countries. The prevalence of AMD increases with age, and genetic factors and environmental influences are believed to contribute to its development. Among the environmental factors, diet plays a significant role in AMD. This review explores the association between dietary components, dietary patterns and AMD. Various nutrients, non-nutrient substances and dietary models that have the potential to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation, which are underlying mechanisms of AMD, are discussed. Consuming fruits, vegetables, fish and seafood, whole grains, olive oil, nuts and low-glycaemic-index foods has been highlighted as beneficial for reducing the risk of AMD. Adhering to the Mediterranean diet, which encompasses these elements, can be recommended as a dietary pattern for AMD. Furthermore, the modulation of the gut microbiota through dietary interventions and probiotics has shown promise in managing AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Koçyiğit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Nazlıcan Erdoğan Gövez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sabriye Arslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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3
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Baker S, Baker D, Baker R, Brown CJ. Case series of retinal vein occlusions showing early recovery using oral l-methylfolate. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2024; 16:25158414241240687. [PMID: 38628356 PMCID: PMC11020740 DOI: 10.1177/25158414241240687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This case series describes the aggregate rate of recovery in five consecutive subjects (six eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) who received l-methylfolate and other vitamins via Ocufolin®, a medical food. Subjects were followed for 10-33 months by a single ophthalmologist. Ocufolin® was prescribed at the time of diagnosis and subjects remained on the regimen throughout the time of observation. Examinations were performed in an un-masked fashion at 3-month intervals with recording of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), average retinal nerve fiber layer (ARNFL) and central macular thickness (CMT), and fundus (examination of the retina, macula, optic nerve, and vessels) photography. Testing was done for vitamin deficiencies, vascular and coagulable risk factors, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms. Vitamin deficiencies and vascular risk factors were found in all subjects, and all four tested subjects carried at least one MTHFR polymorphism. By the end of the study period BCVA in all subjects was 20/25 or better. Cystoid macular edema was identified and measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The percent change was calculated and plotted at 3-month intervals using the percent change in thickness from the time of diagnosis and percent change toward normative values for ARNFL and CMT. The total reduction in thickness of ARNFL and CMT from time of diagnosis was 44.19% and 30.27%, respectively. The comparison to normative data shows a reduction of ARNFL from 164.2% to 94% and CMT from 154.4% to 112.7% of normal thickness (100%). Plots showed the aggregate recovery was most rapid over the first 3 months and slowed over the next 3 months with most of the recovery taking place within 6 months of treatment. The rate of improvement in BCVA and resolution of retinal thickening was found to be better than predicted on historical grounds. No subjects progressed from nonischemic to ischemic RVO. Vitamin deficiencies, vascular risk factors, and genetic predisposition to oxidative stress were common in this RVO series. It appears that addressing these factors with Ocufolin® had a salutary effect on recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Baker
- Northwest Arkansas NeuroVision, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Dylan Baker
- Becker Friedman Institute for Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Baker
- Northwest Arkansas NeuroVision, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Craig J. Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1923 East Joyce Blvd, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
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Vujosevic S, Alovisi C, Chakravarthy U. Epidemiology of geographic atrophy and its precursor features of intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2023; 101:839-856. [PMID: 37933608 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness with a significant impact on quality of life. Geographic atrophy (GA) is the atrophic late form of AMD and its prevalence increases markedly with age with around 1 in 5 persons aged 85 and above having GA in at least one eye. Bilateral GA leads to severe visual impairment thus posing a significant burden on patients, careers and health providers. The incidence and prevalence of GA varies across different geographic regions, with the highest rates in those of European ancestry. Although heterogeneity in definitions of GA and reporting strategy can explain some of the discrepancies, the data overall are consistent in showing a lower prevalence in other ethnicities such as those of Asian heritage. This is at present unexplained but thought to be due to the existence of protective factors such as differences in eye pigmentation, diet, environmental exposures and genetic variability. This review covers key aspects of the prevalence and incidence of the ocular precursor features of GA (large drusen, pigmentary abnormalities and reticular pseudo-drusen), the late stage of GA and factors that have been known to be associated with modifying risk including systemic, demographic, environment, genetic and ocular. Understanding the global epidemiology scenario is crucial for the prevention of and management of patients with GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Vujosevic
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Eye Clinic, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Usha Chakravarthy
- Center for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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5
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Murkey SP, Agarwal A, Pandit P, Kumar S, Jaiswal A. Unveiling the Spectrum of Ophthalmic Manifestations in Nutritional Deficiencies: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e50311. [PMID: 38205491 PMCID: PMC10777438 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between nutrition and ocular health, focusing on the crucial roles of essential nutrients like Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Zinc, and Folate (Vitamin B9) in maintaining eye well-being. Nutrient deficiencies have significant consequences, leading to various eye-related issues, from night blindness to age-related conditions such as cataracts and macular degeneration. It is imperative to address these deficiencies, emphasizing the importance of a well-rounded diet with the necessary nutrients. When necessary, supplementation and regular eye examinations are vital components for effectively monitoring ocular health. Public health campaigns and educational initiatives also play a key role in raising awareness about the profound impact of nutrition on eye health. Future research should explore personalized nutrition plans, nutrigenomics, longitudinal studies, and targeted nutritional interventions. Such investigations will not only enhance our understanding of this crucial connection but also have the potential to reduce the global burden of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant P Murkey
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Akash Agarwal
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pranam Pandit
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Arpita Jaiswal
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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6
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Merle B. [Nutrition and age-related macular degeneration]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:949-955. [PMID: 37758543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in France and in other industrialized countries. AMD affects around 20 % of the population over the age of 80 years. This complex and multifactorial disease involves both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Smoking and nutrition are well-known modifiable risk factors for AMD. Numerous studies provide convincing arguments in favor of micronutrients to encourage dietary advice and the prescription of nutritional supplements containing antioxidant vitamins, lutein and omega-3 fatty acids. Attention to modifiable risk factors is of utmost importance to reduce progression to advanced AMD and associated medical and societal burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Merle
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BPH, U1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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7
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Kocaay F, Bilen A, Asik A, Çınar ŞŞ, Aydemir E, Aydemir GA, Karnaz A, Cankurtaran V. Changes in choroidal tissue post-supplementation with vitamin D in pediatric patients who are deficient in vitamin D. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:3767-3775. [PMID: 37395907 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitatively assess the choroidal structural parameters of patients in the pediatric age group who were deficient in vitamin D [Vit-D] pre- and post-treatment. DESIGN Prospective, case-control study. METHODS Choroidal structural parameters, including the choroidal thickness (CT) at five points, total choroidal area (TA), luminal choroidal area (LA), stromal choroidal area (SA), and choroidal vascular index (CVI), in patients in the pediatric age group who were deficient in Vit-D, in Group 1, and those who were not, in Group 2, were compared. The patients were divided into 3 different groups according to how deficient in Vit-D they were. This was re-evaluated after treatment. RESULTS Group 1 consisted of 83 patients and group 2 consisted of 85 patients. CT at all five points, and the TA, SA, LA, and CVI, were lower in Group 1. And for all of these, a significant increase was seen post-treatment. While a significant increase was observed in all of the values in the group with the most severe deficiency in Vit-D, significant changes were observed in the TA, LA, SA, and CVI values in the group that was mildly deficient in Vit-D. There was no significant post-treatment value in the CT values (except for the Temporal 1500 CT [P = 0.012]). CONCLUSION Decreases in the CT, TA, LA, SA, and CVI were among the structural changes that were seen to occur in the pediatric patient group that was deficient in Vit-D. Moreover, thinning of the choroid and a decrease in the CVI were the most significant in the group with the greatest Vit-D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Kocaay
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Abdurrahman Bilen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adıyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Abdulvahit Asik
- Department of Pediatrics, Adıyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Şerife Şule Çınar
- Department of Ophthalmology, DünyaGöz Hospital, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Emre Aydemir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adıyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Gözde Aksoy Aydemir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Adıyaman University Education and Research Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Ali Karnaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nizip State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Veysel Cankurtaran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hatay MustafaKemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
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8
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Merra G, Covino M, Piccioni A, Candelli M, Ojetti V, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F. Feed the Eye to Heal the Eye. J Curr Ophthalmol 2023; 35:209-215. [PMID: 38681695 PMCID: PMC11047812 DOI: 10.4103/joco.joco_94_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Merra
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Covino
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency, Catholic Univeristy of Sacred Heart, “A. Gemelli” General Hospital – IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Differentially Associated with Early and Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the United States Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051216. [PMID: 36904215 PMCID: PMC10005371 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been the leading cause of irreversible blindness in industrialized countries. Emerging data suggest that serum vitamin D levels may be associated with AMD but show mixed results. National-level population data on the relationship between vitamin D and AMD severities are still lacking. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2008. Retinal photographs were taken and graded for AMD stage. The odds ratio (OR) of AMD and its subtype was calculated after adjusting for confounding factors. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to explore potential non-linear relations. RESULTS A total of 5041 participants with a mean age of 59.6 years were included. After adjusting for covariates, participants with higher level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] had significantly greater odds of early AMD (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.08-2.51) and decreased risk of late AMD (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09-0.88). When stratified by age, a positive association between the level of serum 25(OH)D and early AMD was present in the <60 years group (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.08-7.29), whereas a negative relation between the level of serum 25(OH)D and late AMD was detected in the ≥60 years group (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.76). CONCLUSIONS A higher level of serum 25(OH)D was related to increased risk of early AMD in those <60 years and decreased risk of late AMD in those ≥60 years.
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Hsu SC, Feng SH, Pan SL. Risk of developing age-related macular degeneration in patients with osteoporosis: a population-based, longitudinal follow-up study. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:793-801. [PMID: 36826465 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoporosis was suggested to be associated with higher odds of age-related macular degeneration. However, the temporal relationship between osteoporosis and age-related macular degeneration has not been explored. This population-based longitudinal follow-up study showed an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration in both men and women with osteoporosis. PURPOSE To investigate the long-term risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with osteoporosis. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005, a subset of Taiwan's National Health Insurance research database. A total of 23,611 individuals aged 50 to 79 who were diagnosed with osteoporosis between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2006, were enrolled in the osteoporosis group. An exactly equal number of propensity score-matched individuals without osteoporosis comprised the comparison group. The variables used in propensity score matching included age, sex, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between osteoporosis and AMD. The main outcome measure is the occurrence of newly diagnosed AMD. RESULTS The hazard ratio (HR) of AMD in the osteoporosis group was 1.34 times higher than in the comparison group (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.47, p < 0.05). The AMD-free survival rate of the osteoporosis group was significantly lower than that of the comparison group (p < 0.0001). Sex-stratified analysis revealed a significantly increased risk of AMD in both osteoporotic men (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.20-1.76, p = 0.0002) and women (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.17-1.46, p < 0.0001) compared with their non-osteoporotic counterparts. CONCLUSION This longitudinal follow-up study revealed an increased risk of developing AMD in both men and women with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chiang Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng District, 100, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Feng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University BioMedical Park Hospital, No. 2, Sec. 1, Shengyi Rd., Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, 302, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Liang Pan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng District, 100, Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng District, 100, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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11
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The Relationship between Dietary Calcium and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030671. [PMID: 36771377 PMCID: PMC9920890 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineral element supplements are widely used in the older adult population. However, little is known of their impact on the progression of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary micronutrients and ARMD in older adults. METHODS We enrolled 5227 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005-2008) in this cross-sectional study. ARMD was evaluated using an ophthalmic digital imaging system and digital camera. Mineral element consumption was collected using a 24-hour dietary recall. The association between mineral element use and the presence of ARMD was determined by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant variables, dietary calcium was negatively associated with ARMD (OR: 680, 95%CI: 0.482-0.960). In contrast to dietary form, serum concentration of calcium was not associated with ARMD. Moreover, increased dietary calcium was associated with reduced ARMD (OR: 0.684, 95%CI: 0.468-1.000). CONCLUSION A lower consumption of dietary calcium was significantly associated with a higher risk of ARMD. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to explore these findings.
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12
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Peavey J, Parmar VM, Malek G. Nuclear Receptor Atlases of Choroidal Tissues Reveal Candidate Receptors Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Cells 2022; 11:2386. [PMID: 35954227 PMCID: PMC9367936 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid is a vulnerable tissue site in the eye, impacted in several blinding diseases including age related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the leading cause of central vision loss in the aging population. Choroidal thinning and choriocapillary dropout are features of the early form of AMD, and endothelial dysfunction and vascular changes are primary characteristics of the neovascular clinical sub-type of AMD. Given the importance, the choroidal endothelium and outer vasculature play in supporting visual function, a better understanding of baseline choroidal signaling pathways engaged in tissue and cellular homeostasis is needed. Nuclear receptors are a large family of transcription factors responsible for maintaining various cellular processes during development, aging and disease. Herein we developed a comprehensive nuclear receptor atlas of human choroidal endothelial cells and freshly isolated choroidal tissue by examining the expression levels of all members of this transcription family using quantitative real time PCR. Given the close relationship between the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), this data was cross-referenced with the expression profile of nuclear receptors in human RPE cells, to discover potential overlap versus cell-specific nuclear receptor expression. Finally, to identify candidate receptors that may participate in the pathobiology of AMD, we cataloged nuclear receptor expression in a murine model of wet AMD, from which we discovered a subset of nuclear receptors differentially regulated following neovascularization. Overall, these databases serve as useful resources establishing the influence of nuclear receptor signaling pathways on the outer vascular tissue of the eye, while providing a list of receptors, for more focused investigations in the future, to determine their suitability as potential therapeutic targets for diseases, in which the choroid is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Peavey
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.P.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Vipul M. Parmar
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.P.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Goldis Malek
- Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (J.P.); (V.M.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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13
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Aksoy Aydemir G, Ilhan C, Pehlıvanoglu B, Aydemir E, Kiziltoprak H, Bolu S. Conjunctival Histopathological Changes in Children With Vitamin D Deficiency. Eye Contact Lens 2022; 48:289-294. [PMID: 35580362 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate tear function-associated clinical findings and conjunctival histopathological changes in children with vitamin D (Vit-D) deficiency. METHODS This study used a prospective case-control design. Group 1 (n=38) comprised pediatric patients with Vit-D deficiency, and group 2 (n=45) was the control group. Tear break-up times (TBUTs), Schirmer-1 test measurements, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) results of the groups were compared. RESULTS The participant demographic characteristics, including the mean age and the male-to-female ratio, were similar (P>0.05). The median TBUT and Schirmer-1 test measurement were 10 s (5-15) and 12 mm (6-19) in group 1 and 11 s (6-16) and 15 mm (8-21) in group 2 (P=0.004 and P=0.013, respectively). The median OSDI scores were 16 (10-20) in group 1 and 17 (10-21) in group 2 (P=0.092). According to the CIC, 25 samples in group 1 and 40 samples in group 2 were categorized as grade 0, 11 samples in group 1 and 5 samples in group 2 were categorized as grade 1, and 2 samples in group 1 and no sample in group 2 were categorized as grade 2 (P=0.027). CONCLUSION Significant conjunctival histopathological changes occur in children with Vit-D deficiency, and these changes have effects on some tear function-associated clinical findings including the Schirmer-1 test and TBUT measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Aksoy Aydemir
- Department of Ophthalmology (G.A.A., E.A., H.K.), Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey ; Department of Ophthalmology (C.I.), Tayfur Ata Sokmen Medicine Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay,Turkey; Department of Pathology (B.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey ; and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.B.), Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital,Adıyaman, Turkey
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14
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Chiu YH, Huang JY, Huang YP, Pan SL. Osteoarthritis Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Population-Based Longitudinal Follow-Up Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:854629. [PMID: 35620721 PMCID: PMC9127570 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.854629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the long-term risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in persons with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods This retrospective cohort study first enrolled 71,609 subjects diagnosed with OA, and 236,169 without such a diagnosis between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2005, from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. All were aged 40–69. After excluding subjects who had pre-existing AMD and/or who had missing socioeconomic data, frequency matching by sex and age was performed. This resulted in there being 60,274 subjects in each of the final matched OA and non-OA groups. The study participants were followed up to the occurrence of AMD, death, or the end of 2011. We used Cox proportional-hazards regression to estimate the impact of OA on the risk of developing AMD, and performed subgroup analyses stratified by sex and age. Results The median follow-up time was 8.9 years, with an interquartile range of 1.4 years. The incidence rate of AMD in the OA group was 2.77 per 1,000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.62–2.92], and in the non-OA group, 2.06 per 1,000 person-years (95% CI, 1.94–2.19). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of AMD for the OA group was therefore 1.30 (95% CI, 1.20–1.41). In the subgroup analysis stratified by sex for the OA group, the adjusted HRs of AMD were 1.29 in the women's stratum and 1.31 in the men's. When stratified by age, the adjusted HRs of AMD for the younger (40–54 years) and older (55–69 years) strata were 1.28 and 1.31, respectively. Conclusions Persons with OA have an increased risk of developing AMD, regardless of age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiang Chiu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jehn-Yu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Liang Pan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Chan HN, Zhang XJ, Ling XT, Bui CHT, Wang YM, Ip P, Chu WK, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Yam JC, Pang CP. Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084226. [PMID: 35457041 PMCID: PMC9032397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of recent findings on the association between vitamin D and different ocular diseases, including myopia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), dry eye syndrome (DES), thyroid eye disease (TED), uveitis, retinoblastoma (RB), cataract, and others, from epidemiological, clinical and basic studies, and briefly discuss vitamin D metabolism in the eye. We searched two research databases for articles examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and different ocular diseases. One hundred and sixty-two studies were found. There is evidence on the association between vitamin D and myopia, AMD, DR, and DES. Overall, 17 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and AMD, while 48 out of 54 studies reported that vitamin D was associated with DR, and 25 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and DES. However, the available evidence for the association with other ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, TED, and RB, remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Nga Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiang-Tian Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Christine Huyen-Trang Bui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Wai-Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C. Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C. Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
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16
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Pérez Serena A, Martínez Betancourt DP, González del Valle F, Ruiz-Moreno JM. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in age-related macular degeneration. Int J Retina Vitreous 2022; 8:17. [PMID: 35255993 PMCID: PMC8899457 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-022-00368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. Methods Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients were classified into four groups: early AMD (N = 10), intermediate AMD (N = 12), advanced atrophic AMD (N = 19) and advanced neovascular AMD (N = 52) after undergoing fundus photography. Serum 25(OH)D levels of all subjects were evaluated. From a random control group of 326 patients whose 25(OH)D levels had been measured, a group of 93 were selected to match the age range of the AMD group. We measured 25(OH)D levels during the same period to rule out seasonal variation. Results A total of 93 AMD patients (36 males and 57 females) and 93 healthy individuals (39 males and 54 females) were enrolled in this study with the mean age of 78.96 ± 8.46 vs. 78.80 ± 8.35, respectively. The patients affected by AMD had statistically significant lower 25(OH)D levels (15 ± 10 ng/mL) than the healthy subjects control group (21 ± 14 ng/mL) (p = 0.004). However, the median 25(OH)D levels in early AMD, intermediate AMD, advanced atrophic AMD and advanced neovascular AMD (12.5 ± 7.3; 15 ± 11; 15 ± 8 and 17 ± 11.5, respectively) were not statistically significant (p = 0.442). Conclusion This study shows that patients affected by AMD had lower vitamin D levels compared to healthy subjects. Further research is necessary to investigate the possible association between 25(OH)D levels and AMD.
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Aksoy Aydemir G, Yetkin E, Aydemir E, Bolu S, Asik A. Changes in the macular choroidal thickness of children who have type-1 diabetes mellitus, with and without vitamin D deficiency. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:1875-1884. [PMID: 35088355 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular choroidal thickness (CT) of children who have Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), both with and without vitamin D deficiency (VDD). METHODS The prospective, case-control study herein comprised that included 46 children with DM and VDD (Group 1), 42 children with DM and normal vitamin D levels (Group 2), and 73 healthy children (Control group). The peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular CT were measured at three different points (subfoveal, 1500 μm nasal, and 1500 μm temporal from the fovea) and compared. RESULTS The subfoveal, 1500 μm nasal, and 1500 μm temporal CT values were determined to be lower in the patients in Group 1 and Group 2 when compared to those in the Control group (P < 0.001). The same parameters were determined to be lower in the patients in Group 1 when compared to those in Group 2, although this difference was not found to be statistically significant (P > 0.05). In all of the quadrants, the RNFL thickness was determined to be similar between the groups, with P > 0.05 for all of the groups, except for the nasal quadrant (P = 0.031). In the correlation analysis of the patients in Group 1, it was revealed that a positive correlation existed between the CT and the vitamin D levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The choroids of pediatric diabetic children were thinner when compared to those of healthy children. The alterations in these parameters were more prominent in subjects who were determined to have lower levels of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Aksoy Aydemir
- Ophthalmology Department, Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Esat Yetkin
- Ophthalmology Department, Midyat State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Emre Aydemir
- Ophthalmology Department, Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Semih Bolu
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Abdulvahit Asik
- Department of Pediatrics, Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
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18
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Aydemir E, Ilhan C, Aksoy Aydemir G, Bayat AH, Bolu S, Asik A. Evaluation of Retinal Structure in Pediatric Subjects With Vitamin D Deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 233:30-37. [PMID: 34283984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitatively evaluate the retinal structural parameters of pediatric patients who were determined to be deficient in vitamin D. DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS Retinal structural parameters, including the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), central macula, retinal layer, and choroidal thicknesses, central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), in pediatric subjects with vitamin D deficiency (group 1) and those without (group 2) were compared. RESULTS Group 1 comprised 70 individuals, while group 2 comprised 80 individuals. The mean peripapillary RNFL (except for the nasal superior sector [P = .037]), central macula, and retinal layer thicknesses were also determined to be similar in both groups (P > .05 for both groups). The mean choroidal thickness was lower in the subfoveal (P = .006) and nasal 3000-µm-diameter areas (P = .004) in group 1. The mean CRAE was determined to be lower (P = .031) and the CRVE was higher in group 1 (P = .005); it was determined that there was a significant correlation between the vitamin D level and both the CRAE (r = 0.447, P < .001) and CRVE (r = -0.320, P = .013). CONCLUSION Choroidal thinning, a decrease in the CRAE, and increase in the CRVE were structural changes that occurred in the pediatric subjects who had vitamin D deficiency. The alterations in these parameters became more prominent in pediatric subjects who were determined to have lower vitamin D levels.
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Hribová P, Sotak Š. VITAMIN D AND OPHTHALMOPATHIAS. A REVIEW. CESKA A SLOVENSKA OFTALMOLOGIE : CASOPIS CESKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI A SLOVENSKE OFTALMOLOGICKE SPOLECNOSTI 2021; 78:153-156. [PMID: 35922144 DOI: 10.31348/2021/31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of vitamin D3 (hydroxycholecalciferol) as one of the liposoluble vitamins is known in the prevention and treatment of metabolic bone diseases (rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis). In recent years, however, information has increased on the importance of vitamin D3 in numerous organ systems and in the pathogenesis of various diseases, e. g. ophthalmopathies. The immunological functions of vitamin D3 are the subject of studies dealing with autoimmune optic nerve disorders and their results appear to have a positive effect on demyelinating diseases. It also plays an important role in maintaining the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, but its additional administration has not been successful. Optical neuritis may be the first sign of multiple sclerosis. It appears that sufficient serum vitamin D3 levels may protect patients from deterioration in the form of a further attack of demyelination. The course of diabetic retinopathy is probably also influenced by vitamin D3, inter alia, by correlating the fact that its receptor and the enzymes of its metabolism are expressed on the retina. Low serum levels of vitamin D3 may even trigger age-related macular degeneration. Conversely, higher dietary intake of vitamin D3 may positively affect neovascularization. The optimal level of hydroxycholecalciferol is between 60 and 200 nmol /l, the severe deficit represents a decrease below 25 nmol/l. The body can normally produce up to 10,000 IU of this vitamin after exposure to sunlight. However, the demonstration of its protective character in connection with the mentioned diseases of the retina and optic nerve will require a sufficient number of studies to confirm the facts found so far about this rediscovered vitamin.
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Lazzara F, Conti F, Platania CBM, Eandi CM, Drago F, Bucolo C. Effects of Vitamin D 3 and Meso-Zeaxanthin on Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells in Three Integrated in vitro Paradigms of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:778165. [PMID: 34803719 PMCID: PMC8602342 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative retinal disease and one of major causes of irreversible vision loss. AMD has been linked to several pathological factors, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, Aβ (1-42) oligomers have been found in drusen, the extracellular deposits that accumulate beneath the retinal pigmented epithelium in AMD patients. Hereby, we investigated the hypothesis that treatment with 1,25(OH) 2D3 (vitamin D3) and meso-zeaxathin, physiologically present in the eye, would counteract the toxic effects of three different insults on immortalized human retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19). Specifically, ARPE-19 cells have been challenged with Aβ (1-42) oligomers, H2O2, LPS, and TNF-α, respectively. In the present study, we demonstrated that the combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 and meso-zeaxanthin significantly counteracted the cell damage induced by the three insults, at least in these in vitro integrated paradigms of AMD. These results suggest that combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 and meso-zeaxathin could be a useful approach to contrast pathological features of AMD, such as retinal inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lazzara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Conti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianca Maria Platania
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara M Eandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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21
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Choroidal Thickness in Relation to Bone Mineral Density with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:9995546. [PMID: 34608419 PMCID: PMC8487381 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9995546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess whether bone mineral density, indicated by the lumbar X-ray scan, is related to changes in choroid thickness in normal subjects. Methods This study included 355 patients with decreased bone mineral density and 355 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Lumbar BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Choroidal thickness was measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were recorded on the same day. Results There was a significant difference in average choroidal thickness between low BMD subjects and normal subjects (p=0.003). The BP, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, and LDL showed no significant difference between the two groups. The correlations showed that average choroidal thicknesses were associated with BMD in the entire population (r = 0.125, p=0.001). Conclusion The choroidal thickness is thinner in low BMD populations compared with normal individuals. There is a strong positive correlation of choroidal thickness with BMD, regardless of age, sex, and other demographic and clinical factors.
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Reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in the aqueous humor of cataract patients with open-angle glaucoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18785. [PMID: 34552148 PMCID: PMC8458404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the lower serum concentration of vitamin D was associated with elevated risk of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). However, few studies have examined the association between aqueous humor vitamin D concentrations and OAG. Hence, we investigated the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in aqueous humor and OAG. We measured 25(OH)D concentrations in aqueous humor and serum of 126 patients who underwent cataract surgery. 36 were patients with OAG and 90 were control patients. The 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using Elecsys Vitamin D Total Kits with the Cobas e602 module (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), an electrochemiluminescence assay. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with serum and aqueous humor 25(OH)D concentrations. Patients with OAG had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations in aqueous humor than control patients. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were higher in patients with OAG than in the control, but this was not statistically significant. 25(OH)D concentrations in aqueous humor of patients with OAG were significantly associated with axial length but not with glaucoma severity, which was determined by the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness or mean deviation. Vitamin D concentrations in aqueous humor of patients with OAG were significantly lower than those in patients without OAG.
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Hernandez M, Recalde S, González-Zamora J, Bilbao-Malavé V, Sáenz de Viteri M, Bezunartea J, Moreno-Orduña M, Belza I, Barrio-Barrio J, Fernandez-Robredo P, García-Layana A. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Synergistic Effect of Vitamin D and Nutritional Complex on Retinal Pigment Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Lines against Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051423. [PMID: 33922669 PMCID: PMC8170899 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease of the retina featured by dysfunction of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) and loss of photoreceptor cells under oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions. Vitamin D and antioxidants have beneficial effects against retinal degenerative diseases, such as AMD. We investigated the impact of associating vitamin D (ND) with a nutritional antioxidant complex (Nutrof Total®; N) on oxidative stress and inflammation-like induced conditions by H2O2 and LPS, respectively, in human retinal epithelial (ARPE-19) and human retinal endothelial (HREC) cells. Application of either N or ND treatments to H2O2-induced media in ARPE-19 cells counteracted late apoptosis, attenuated oxidative DNA damage, and increased cell proliferation. Significant reduction in the expression levels of MCP1, IL-8, and IL6 cytokines was observed following application of either N or ND treatments under LPS-induced conditions in ARPE-19 cells and in MCP-1 and IL12p70 cytokine levels in HREC cells. ND and not N revealed significant downregulation of IFNγ in ARPE-19 cells, and of IL-6 and IL-18 in HREC cells. In conclusion, adding vitamin D to Nutrof Total® protects in a synergistic way against oxidative and inflammatory stress-induced conditions in retinal epithelial and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hernandez
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge González-Zamora
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Manuel Sáenz de Viteri
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Moreno-Orduña
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoia Belza
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Jesús Barrio-Barrio
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Jacob J, Mangelschots E, Michez M, Sanak SN, Leys A. Cross-Sectional Study on Vitamin D, Zinc Oxide and Fatty Acid Status in a Population with a Moderate to High Risk of AMD Identified by the STARS ® Questionnaire. Ophthalmol Ther 2021; 10:299-311. [PMID: 33620690 PMCID: PMC8079536 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A prospective study was carried out in Belgium to determine the proportion of subjects with a moderate to high risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), identified using the STARS® (Simplified Théa AMD Risk-Assessment Scale) questionnaire, who were in need of nutritional supplementation, by assessing the vitamin D, zinc oxide and fatty acid profile status. Methods This multicentre cross-sectional pilot study involved 50 Belgian subjects with no or early AMD, aged > 55 years who were at moderate to high risk for AMD. Subjects were assessed using the STARS® questionnaire, visual acuity assessment, an optical coherence tomography scan of the macula and fundus photography. Blood samples were collected, and serum analyses were performed to determine the the omega-6:omega-3 (Ω6:Ω3) ratio and the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), zinc and cupric oxides and vitamin D. Results Abnormal serum levels for at least one of the micronutrients was detected in 94% of the subjects. Lower than optimal vitamin D levels were found in 76% of the participants, and 68% of the subjects demonstrated at least one abnormal fatty acid profile. The Ω6:Ω3 ratio was above the reference range for normal values in 54% of the subjects; DHA and EPA levels were below the reference range in 60 and 46% of the subjects, respectively; and zinc oxide concentration was below the reference range in 50% of the subjects. Only 12% of the subjects exhibited cupric oxide deficiency. Conclusion In this study, the STARS® questionnaire was used for early identification of patients at moderate to high risk of AMD in real life. These patients presented a suboptimal nutritional status. Further research is needed to determine if specific diet modification or micronutrient supplement intake delays the onset or slows down the progression of AMD in these subjects. Trial Registration Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov, identifier: NCT04482465. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s40123-021-00335-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jacob
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (UZ Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Marine Michez
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serdal N Sanak
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHIREC-Hôpital Delta, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anita Leys
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven (UZ Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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Christen WG, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Chasman DI, Lee IM, Bubes V, Li C, Haubourg M, Schaumberg DA. Effect of Vitamin D and ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Ancillary Study of the VITAL Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 138:1280-1289. [PMID: 33119047 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Observational studies suggest that higher intake or blood levels of vitamin D and marine ω-3 fatty acids may be associated with lower risks of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, evidence from randomized trials is limited. Objective To evaluate whether daily supplementation with vitamin D3, marine ω-3 fatty acids, or both prevents the development or progression of AMD. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prespecified ancillary study of the Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (VITAL), a nationwide, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial design randomized clinical trial of supplementation with vitamin D and marine ω-3 fatty acids for the primary prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Participants included 25 871 men and women in the US. Randomization was from November 2011 to March 2014, and study pill-taking ended as planned on December 31, 2017. Interventions Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 2000 IU per day, and marine ω-3 fatty acids, 1 g per day. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was total AMD events, a composite of incident cases of AMD plus cases of progression to advanced AMD among participants with AMD at baseline, based on self-report confirmed by medical record review. Analyses were conducted using the intention-to-treat population. Results In total, 25 871 participants with a mean (SD) age of 67.1 (7.0) years were included in the trial. Of them, 50.6% were women, 71.3% were self-declared non-Hispanic White participants, and 20.2% were Black participants. During a median (range) of 5.3 (3.8-6.1) years of treatment and follow-up, 324 participants experienced an AMD event (285 incident AMD and 39 progression to advanced AMD). For vitamin D3, there were 163 events in the treated group and 161 in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.82-1.27). For ω-3 fatty acids, there were 157 events in the treated group and 167 in the placebo group (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.76-1.17). In analyses of individual components for the primary end point, HRs comparing vitamin D3 groups were 1.09 (95% CI, 0.86-1.37) for incident AMD and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.33-1.21) for AMD progression. For ω-3 fatty acids, HRs were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.73-1.17) for incident AMD and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.56-1.97) for AMD progression. Conclusion and Relevance Neither vitamin D3 nor marine ω-3 fatty acid supplementation had a significant overall effect on AMD incidence or progression. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01782352.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Christen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie E Buring
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vadim Bubes
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margarette Haubourg
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Debra A Schaumberg
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Riccardi C, Perrone L, Napolitano F, Sampaolo S, Melone MAB. Understanding the Biological Activities of Vitamin D in Type 1 Neurofibromatosis: New Insights into Disease Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Design. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2965. [PMID: 33066259 PMCID: PMC7602022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone playing a pivotal role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis as well as in bone health. Vitamin D levels are not exclusively dependent on food intake. Indeed, the endogenous production-occurring in the skin and dependent on sun exposure-contributes to the majority amount of vitamin D present in the body. Since vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are ubiquitous and drive the expression of hundreds of genes, the interest in vitamin D has tremendously grown and its role in different diseases has been extensively studied. Several investigations indicated that vitamin D action extends far beyond bone health and calcium metabolism, showing broad effects on a variety of critical illnesses, including cancer, infections, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Epidemiological studies indicated that low circulating vitamin D levels inversely correlate with cutaneous manifestations and bone abnormalities, clinical hallmarks of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is an autosomal dominant tumour predisposition syndrome causing significant pain and morbidity, for which limited treatment options are available. In this context, vitamin D or its analogues have been used to treat both skin and bone lesions in NF1 patients, alone or combined with other therapeutic agents. Here we provide an overview of vitamin D, its characteristic nutritional properties relevant for health benefits and its role in NF1 disorder. We focus on preclinical and clinical studies that demonstrated the clinical correlation between vitamin D status and NF1 disease, thus providing important insights into disease pathogenesis and new opportunities for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Sergio Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Lorena Perrone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Sergio Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Sergio Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Sampaolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Sergio Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Sergio Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.N.); (S.S.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, BioLife Building (015-00), 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA
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Tan W, Zou J, Yoshida S, Jiang B, Zhou Y. The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2989-3001. [PMID: 33061811 PMCID: PMC7545698 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding eye disease which incidence gradually increases with age. Inflammation participates in AMD pathogenesis, including choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy. It is also a kind of self-protective regulation from injury for the eyes. In this review, we described inflammation in AMD pathogenesis, summarized the roles played by inflammation-related cytokines, including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as leukocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes) in the innate or adaptive immunity in AMD. Possible clinical applications such as potential diagnostic biomarkers and anti-inflammatory therapies were also discussed. This review overviews the inflammation as a target of novel effective therapies in treating AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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28
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Vitamin D Protects against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Retinal Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090838. [PMID: 32911690 PMCID: PMC7555517 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a vision-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the leading causes of blindness. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in its pathogenesis, and new therapies counteracting these contributors could be of great interest. In the current study, we investigated the role of vitamin D against oxidative stress and inflammation in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and human retinal endothelial cell lines. We demonstrate that vitamin D effectively counteracts the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, the increased levels of proinflammatory proteins such as Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, Interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure were significantly decreased by vitamin D addition. Interestingly, the increased IL-18 only decreased by vitamin D addition in endothelial cells but not in RPE cells, suggesting a main antiangiogenic role under inflammatory conditions. Moreover, H2O2 and LPS induced the alteration and morphological damage of tight junctions in adult retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells that were restored under oxidative and inflammatory conditions by the addition of vitamin D to the media. In conclusion, our data suggest that vitamin D could protect the retina by enhancing antioxidant defense and through exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties.
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29
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Ferreira A, Silva N, Furtado MJ, Carneiro Â, Lume M, Andrade JP. Serum vitamin D and age-related macular degeneration: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Surv Ophthalmol 2020; 66:183-197. [PMID: 32768420 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D may be implicated in the pathophysiology of several ocular diseases, but its role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains uncertain. We sought to review systematically the existing evidence to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D levels and AMD. A four-database search (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus) was performed from inception to May 2020 using the MeSH terms: ("Macular Degeneration" OR "Age-related macular degeneration" OR "Retinal degeneration" OR "Macula lutea") AND ("Vitamin D" OR "Ergocalciferols" OR "Cholecalciferol" OR "25-Hydroxyvitamin D"). Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to compute 1) the standard mean difference in 25(OH)D concentration between AMD and non-AMD patients and 2) the AMD risk according to serum 25(OH)D levels. Eighteen observational studies enrolling 75,294 patients after a selection process among 375 original abstracts were selected. No significant differences were found, but there appears to exist a trend for late AMD among subjects with a serum 25(OH)D level below 50 nmol/L (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.00-3.24, P = 0.05). There is no clear evidence of a definitive association between serum 25(OH)D and AMD risk, mainly due to heterogeneity in study procedures and lack of longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ferreira
- Service of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal; Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nisa Silva
- Service of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Furtado
- Service of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Carneiro
- Service of Ophthalmology, Hospital São João, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Department of Surgery and Physiology, Ophthalmology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Lume
- Service of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - José P Andrade
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Center of Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Battaglia Parodi M, Brunoro A, Tomasso L, Scuderi G. Benefits of micronutrient supplementation for reducing the risk of wet age-related macular disease and diabetic retinopathy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 30:780-794. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672120920537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular disease and diabetic retinopathy are chronic degenerative diseases characterised by progressive visual impairment. In Europe, age-related macular disease accounts for over 15% of blindness in adults over 50 years of age, and although the burden of diabetic retinopathy in terms of vision impairment is lower, vision loss associated with diabetic retinopathy is increasing with the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus and the ageing of the population. Late-stage age-related macular disease can be subdivided into dry (non-neovascular) or wet (neovascular or exudative) forms. The large Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 showed that supplementation with antioxidant nutrients reduces choroids neovascularisation and reduces the risk of progression of neovascular age-related macular disease. Antioxidant micronutrient supplements have also shown promising results in preventing the pathogenesis of retinopathy in animal models of diabetes. Age-related macular disease and diabetic retinopathy are understood to share some common pathophysiological characteristics, suggesting that micronutrients have an important role in ocular health in both conditions. This article will review the current evidence for the utility of micronutrients in preventing the development and progression of neovascular age-related macular disease and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gianluca Scuderi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), St. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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31
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Yamamoto-Rodríguez L, Zarbin MA, Casaroli-Marano RP. New frontiers and clinical implications in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:496-504. [PMID: 32197861 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves progressive degeneration of the central retina, termed the macula, which provides high-acuity vision needed to recognize faces, drive, etc. AMD is the leading cause of blindness in the aging population. A plethora of paradigm-shifting perspectives regarding AMD's multifaceted pathophysiology is emerging. This review will endeavor to gather novel insights and attempts to identify translational implications and new areas of research. The concept of aberrant inflammation being at the center of age-related diseases, particularly AMD, is being received with increasing credence. Retinal angiogenesis, at the forefront of the neovascular complications of AMD (nAMD), is now being understood as an imbalance between trophic factors released by retinal cells secretome. Additionally, mechanisms involving oxidative stress and inflammatory complement pathways have also been identified, along with genetic and other risk factors that play a key role in AMD's onset and progression. Associations have been drawn with AMD and other degenerative deposit diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and glomerulonephritis, which are providing further insight into this maculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liria Yamamoto-Rodríguez
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (FMCS) & Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco A Zarbin
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine (FMCS) & Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research - IIB-Sant Pau (SGR1113) &Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Vähätupa M, Järvinen TAH, Uusitalo-Järvinen H. Exploration of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model to Discover New Therapeutic Drug Targets in Retinopathies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:873. [PMID: 32595503 PMCID: PMC7300227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a pure hypoxia-driven angiogenesis model and the most widely used model for ischemic retinopathies, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). OIR model has been used to test new potential anti-angiogenic factors for human diseases. We have recently performed the most comprehensive characterization of OIR by a relatively novel mass spectrometry (MS) technique, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS) proteomics and used genetically modified mice strains to identify novel molecular drug targets in angiogenic retinal diseases. We have confirmed the relevance of the identified molecular targets to human diseases by determining their expression pattern in neovascular membranes obtained from PDR and RVO patients. Based on our results, crystallins were the most prominent proteins induced by early hypoxic environment during the OIR, while actomyosin complex and Filamin A-R-Ras axis, that regulates vascular permeability of the angiogenic blood vessels, stood out at the peak of angiogenesis. Our results have revealed potential new therapeutic targets to address hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis and the associated vascular permeability in number of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vähätupa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero A. H. Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Murugeswari P, Firoz A, Murali S, Vinekar A, Krishna L, Anandula VR, Jeyabalan N, Chevour P, Jayadev C, Shetty R, Carpentier G, Kumaramanickavel G, Ghosh A, Das D. Vitamin-D3 (α-1, 25(OH) 2D3) Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium From Hyperoxic Insults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:4. [PMID: 32031576 PMCID: PMC7325624 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress affects the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leading to development of vascular eye diseases. Cholecalciferol (VIT-D) is a known modulator of oxidative stress and angiogenesis. This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of VIT-D on RPE cells incubated under hyperoxic conditions. Methods Cadaver primary RPE (PRPE) cells were cultured in hyperoxia (40% O2) with or without VIT-D (α-1, 25(OH) 2D3). The functional and physiological effects of PRPE cells with VIT-D treatment were analyzed using molecular and biochemical tools. Results Vascular signaling modulators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Notch, were reduced in hyperoxic conditions but significantly upregulated in the presence of VIT-D. Additionally, PRPE conditioned medium with VIT-D induced the tubulogenesis in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cells. VIT-D supplementation restored phagocytosis and transmembrane potential in PRPE cells cultured under hyperoxia. Conclusions VIT-D protects RPE cells and promotes angiogenesis under hyperoxic insult. These findings may give impetus to the potential of VIT-D as a therapeutic agent in hyperoxia induced retinal vascular diseases.
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Tohari AM, Alhasani RH, Biswas L, Patnaik SR, Reilly J, Zeng Z, Shu X. Vitamin D Attenuates Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090341. [PMID: 31450606 PMCID: PMC6770403 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common visual disorder in elderly people, is characterized by the formation of deposits beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and by dysfunction of RPE and photoreceptor cells. The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-(OH)2D3 (VITD), is categorized as a multifunctional steroid hormone that modulates many transcriptional processes of different genes and is involved in a broad range of cellular functions. Epidemiological and genetic association studies demonstrate that VITD may have a protective role in AMD, while single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D metabolism gene (CYP24A1) increase the risk of AMD. However, the functional mechanisms of VITD in AMD are not fully understood. In the current study, we investigated the impact of VITD on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human RPE cells. We demonstrate that exposure to H2O2 caused significantly reduced cell viability, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lowered expression of antioxidant enzymes and enhanced inflammation. VITD exposure notably counteracted the above H2O2-induced effects. Our data suggest that VITD protects the RPE from oxidative damage and elucidate molecular mechanisms of VITD deficiency in the development of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Tohari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King Fahad Hospital, PO Box 204, Jazan 91991, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Reem Hasaballah Alhasani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Lincoln Biswas
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Sarita Rani Patnaik
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
- Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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Markiewicz A, Brożyna AA, Podgórska E, Elas M, Urbańska K, Jetten AM, Slominski AT, Jóźwicki W, Orłowska-Heitzman J, Dyduch G, Romanowska-Dixon B. Vitamin D receptors (VDR), hydroxylases CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 and retinoid-related orphan receptors (ROR) level in human uveal tract and ocular melanoma with different melanization levels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9142. [PMID: 31235702 PMCID: PMC6591242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a significant number of studies have investigated the preventive role of vitamin D in a number of different neoplasms. In this study, we analyze various components of the vitamin D signaling pathways in the human uveal tract and uveal melanoma, including analysis of the expression of vitamin D receptors (VDR), the activating and inactivating hydroxylases, respectively, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, and the retinoic acid-related orphan receptors (ROR) α (RORα) and γ (RORγ) in these tissues. We further analyzed the expression of VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and ROR in relation to melanin levels, clinical stage and prognosis. Our study indicated that the uveal melanoma melanin level inversely correlated with VDR expression. We further showed that vitamin D is metabolized in uveal melanoma. This is significant because until now there has been no paper published, that would describe presence of VDR, hydroxylases CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, and RORα and RORγ in the human uveal tract and uveal melanomas. The outcomes of our research can contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods in uveal tract disorders, especially in uveal melanoma. The presented associations between vitamin D signaling elements and uveal melanoma in comparison to uveal tract encourage future clinical research with larger patients’ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Markiewicz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-501, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Podgórska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martyna Elas
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Urbańska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wojciech Jóźwicki
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Orłowska-Heitzman
- Clinical and Experimental Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dyduch
- Clinical and Experimental Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Romanowska-Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
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Rinninella E, Mele MC, Merendino N, Cintoni M, Anselmi G, Caporossi A, Gasbarrini A, Minnella AM. The Role of Diet, Micronutrients and the Gut Microbiota in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: New Perspectives from the Gut⁻Retina Axis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111677. [PMID: 30400586 PMCID: PMC6267253 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial disease and the primary cause of legal and irreversible blindness among individuals aged ≥65 years in developed countries. Globally, it affects 30–50 million individuals, with an estimated increase of approximately 200 million by 2020 and approximately 300 million by 2040. Currently, the neovascular form may be able to be treated with the use of anti-VEGF drugs, while no effective treatments are available for the dry form. Many studies, such as the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS 2, have shown a potential role of micronutrient supplementation in lowering the risk of progression of the early stages of AMD. Recently, low-grade inflammation, sustained by dysbiosis and a leaky gut, has been shown to contribute to the development of AMD. Given the ascertained influence of the gut microbiota in systemic low-grade inflammation and its potential modulation by macro- and micro-nutrients, a potential role of diet in AMD has been proposed. This review discusses the role of the gut microbiota in the development of AMD. Using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, we searched for recent scientific evidence discussing the impact of dietary habits (high-fat and high-glucose or -fructose diets), micronutrients (vitamins C, E, and D, zinc, beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin) and omega-3 fatty acids on the modulation of the gut microbiota and their relationship with AMD risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Laboratorio di Nutrizione Cellulare e Molecolare, Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche (DEB), Università della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gaia Anselmi
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aldo Caporossi
- UOC di Oculistica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Maria Minnella
- UOC di Oculistica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
- Istituto di Oftalmologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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