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Pan J, Yu Z, Jiang H, Shi C, Du Q, Fan R, Wang J, Bari L, Yang Y, Han R. Effect of lactation on the distribution of mineral elements in goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2774-2784. [PMID: 37949398 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of mineral elements in milk is crucial for their absorption and utilization, however, there has been limited attention given to the status of mineral elements in goat milk. In this study, goat milk was collected at 4 lactation periods (1-3, 90, 150, 240 d) and separated into 4 fractions (fat, casein, whey, and aqueous phase). The concentrations of Mg, Ca, Na, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, and Cr in 4 fractions were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. Our findings reveal that Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Cr exhibit the highest levels in casein, while Mo demonstrates the highest content in whey. Additionally, Mg, Na, K, and Ni display the highest concentrations in the aqueous phase. Specifically, the contents of Ca, Cu and Fe in casein decrease from 1-3 to 150 d of lactation but increase from 150 to 240 d of lactation. Furthermore, the content of Mg in the aqueous phase decreases from 1-3 to 90 d of lactation but increases from 90 to 240 d of lactation. The content of Na and K in the aqueous phase decreases from 1-3 to 150 d of lactation. Notably, the content of Mo in whey increases from 1-3 to 150 d of lactation and decreases from 150 to 240 d. Our research contributes to the advancement of understanding the bioavailability of mineral elements in goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Pan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhongna Yu
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang, 265200, Shandong, China
| | - Hongning Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiping Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Qijing Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Rongbo Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Latiful Bari
- Food and Agriculture Research Division, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yongxin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, China.
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Liu W, Sun M, He Y, Guo Q, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhang G. Quality Evaluation of Asparagus officinalis by Profile of Amino Acids and Mineral Elements in Different Parts Combined with Chemometrics Methods. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301754. [PMID: 38348931 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Asparagus officinalis has a homologous value in medicine and vegetables. Its immature stem, commonly called asparagus, is a central edible part. Asparagus skin and leaf also contain rich nutrients. However, these parts are often discarded. This study investigated amino acid and mineral elements in immature stem, skinless asparagus, asparagus skin, and leaf. Their quality was further evaluated by chemometrics methods such as principal component analysis and neural network analysis. The results showed amino acid content was high in immature stem and skinless asparagus and low in leaf, whereas the mineral elements were in four parts. Quality evaluation results showed four parts were divided into three grades. Immature stem and skinless asparagus were grouped into cluster 1 with the best quality as high-quality raw materials in food and health-care products. Meanwhile, three AA (Cys, His, Arg) and two mineral elements (Na, Cr) were identified as quality evaluation iconic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yinglong He
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Guo
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Henan Fengcai Agricultural Development Co. LTD., Sui County, 476900, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Henan Huamiao Agricultural Development Co. LTD., Hebi, 458030, P. R. China
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3
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Vera-Maldonado P, Aquea F, Reyes-Díaz M, Cárcamo-Fincheira P, Soto-Cerda B, Nunes-Nesi A, Inostroza-Blancheteau C. Role of boron and its interaction with other elements in plants. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1332459. [PMID: 38410729 PMCID: PMC10895714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential microelement for plants, and its deficiency can lead to impaired development and function. Around 50% of arable land in the world is acidic, and low pH in the soil solution decreases availability of several essential mineral elements, including B, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K). Plants take up soil B in the form of boric acid (H3BO3) in acidic soil or tetrahydroxy borate [B(OH)4]- at neutral or alkaline pH. Boron can participate directly or indirectly in plant metabolism, including in the synthesis of the cell wall and plasma membrane, in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and in the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). In addition, B interacts with other nutrients such as Ca, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K, and zinc (Zn). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of B uptake, absorption, and accumulation and its interactions with other elements, and how it contributes to the adaptation of plants to different environmental conditions. We also discuss potential B-mediated networks at the physiological and molecular levels involved in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vera-Maldonado
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Felipe Aquea
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paz Cárcamo-Fincheira
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Braulio Soto-Cerda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Nucleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Nucleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Chen MM, Liao QH, Qian LL, Zou HD, Li YL, Song Y, Xia Y, Liu Y, Liu HY, Liu ZL. Effects of Geographical Origin and Tree Age on the Stable Isotopes and Multi-Elements of Pu-erh Tea. Foods 2024; 13:473. [PMID: 38338610 PMCID: PMC10855849 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pu-erh tea is a famous tea worldwide, and identification of the geographical origin of Pu-erh tea can not only protect manufacture's interests, but also boost consumers' confidence. However, tree age may also influence the fingerprints of Pu-erh tea. In order to study the effects of the geographical origin and tree age on the interactions of stable isotopes and multi-elements of Pu-erh tea, 53 Pu-erh tea leaves with three different age stages from three different areas in Yunnan were collected in 2023. The δ13C, δ15N values and 25 elements were determined and analyzed. The results showed that δ13C, δ15N, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu had significant differences among different geographical origins (p < 0.05). Mn content was significantly influenced by region and tree age interaction. Based on multi-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis and step-wised discriminant analysis, 24 parameters were found to be closely related to the geographical origin rather than tree age, and the geographical origin of Pu-erh tea can be 100.0% discriminated in cross-validation with six parameters (δ13C, δ15N, Mn, Mg, La, and Tb). The study could provide references for the establishment of a database for the traceability of Pu-erh tea, and even the identification of tea sample regions with different tree ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Chen
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Qiu-Hong Liao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Li-Li Qian
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Hai-Dan Zou
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan-Long Li
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Song
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Xia
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China; (M.-M.C.); (Q.-H.L.); (H.-D.Z.); (Y.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ze-Long Liu
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 102488, China
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Staveckienė J, Medveckienė B, Jarienė E, Kulaitienė J. Effects of Different Ripening Stages on the Content of the Mineral Elements and Vitamin C of the Fruit Extracts of Solanum Species: S. melanocerasum, S. nigrum, S. villosum, and S. retroflexum. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:343. [PMID: 38337877 PMCID: PMC10857400 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the mineral and vitamin C contents of different species and ripening stages of Solanum fruits are very limited. The aim of the research was to evaluate the content of the mineral elements and vitamin C of four different Solanum species (S. melanocerasum-SM, S. nigrum-SN, S. villosum-SV and S. retroflexum-SR), and three ripening stages. The mineral composition of Solanum fruits was detected using a CEM MARS 6® (Matthews, NC, USA) digestion system outfitted with a 100 mL Teflon vessel, by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). In total, eleven mineral elements were detected (K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Na, Cu, B, Mn, Al, and Zn). Vitamin C content was assessed by a spectrophotometric method. Depending on the ripening stage/species, content of microelements ranged from 756.48 mg kg-1 DW in SV fruits at ripening stage III, to 211.12 mg kg-1 DW in SM fruits at ripening stage III. The dominant microelement was Fe. The total content of macroelements in Solanum fruits ranged from 26,104.95 mg kg-1 DW in SV fruits at ripening stage II to 67,035.23 mg kg-1 DW in SR fruits at ripening stage I. The dominant macroelement was K. The data from two experimental years showed that the significantly highest content of vitamin C was in SM fruits and ranged from 48.15 mg 100 g-1 at ripening stage I to 45.10 mg 100 g-1 at ripening stage III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jūratė Staveckienė
- Department of Plant Biology and Food Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, 44001 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.M.); (E.J.); (J.K.)
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Azarnejad N, Celletti S, Ghorbani M, Fedeli R, Loppi S. Dose-Dependent Effects of a Corn Starch-Based Bioplastic on Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.): Implications for Growth, Biochemical Parameters, and Nutrient Content. Toxics 2024; 12:80. [PMID: 38251035 PMCID: PMC10818275 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a pressing global issue, prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives such as bioplastics (BPs). In agriculture, BPs have gained relevance as mulching films. This study investigated the effect of the presence in the soil of different concentrations (0-3%, w/w) of a corn starch-based bioplastic on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). The results showed that increasing bioplastic concentration reduced shoot fresh biomass production. Biochemical analyses revealed changes in the shoot in soluble protein content, biomarkers of oxidative and osmotic stress (malondialdehyde and proline, respectively), anti-radical activity, and antioxidant compounds (phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid), which are indicative of plant adaptive mechanisms in response to stress caused by the presence of the different concentrations of bioplastic in the soil. Macro- and micronutrient analysis showed imbalances in nutrient uptake, with a decreased content of potassium, phosphorus, and manganese, and an increased content of magnesium, iron, and copper in the shoot at high BP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Azarnejad
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (N.A.); (M.G.); (R.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Celletti
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (N.A.); (M.G.); (R.F.); (S.L.)
- BioAgry Lab, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Majid Ghorbani
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (N.A.); (M.G.); (R.F.); (S.L.)
| | - Riccardo Fedeli
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (N.A.); (M.G.); (R.F.); (S.L.)
- BioAgry Lab, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences (DSV), University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (N.A.); (M.G.); (R.F.); (S.L.)
- BioAgry Lab, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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Dragičević V, Simić M, Dolijanović Ž, Đorđević S, Stoiljković M, Dimkić I, Brankov M. Combined effect of cover crops and bio-fertilizer on sustainable popcorn maize production. Front Plant Sci 2024; 14:1250903. [PMID: 38293618 PMCID: PMC10824896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cover crops play an important role in low-input cropping systems, increasing the use of agro-ecosystem services. Due to the lack of information about the impact of cover crops and bio-fertilizers on popcorn maize (Zea mays everta Sturt.) growth and yield quality, especially the popping volume and nutritive quality, such as concentrations of protein and mineral elements, this research aimed to provide essential information. The interrelation between popcorn maize productivity and quality with important groups of soil microorganisms presents additional novelty. The results demonstrated that field pea is a beneficial cover crop, especially when combined with a bio-fertilizer, supporting the accumulation of maize biomass, chlorophyll, yield potential, and the concentrations of protein, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn. In addition, field pea residues promoted N-fixing bacteria, and the number of total microorganisms, especially actinomycetes and decomposing bacteria, which could promote nutrient uptake and grain quality. Residues of cover crop mixtures, common vetch + winter oats and field pea + winter oats, promoted the total number of microorganisms in the soil, and up to the end of vegetation, a greater number of decomposition and ammonification microorganisms were found, especially when the bio-fertilizer was applied, which consequently could support greater maize biomass. Popping volume, as a main trait of popcorn maize, had the highest value in the common vetch + winter oats variant, supporting again the statement that quality traits could be enhanced in sustainable production. Unlike living cover crops, mulch mainly affected soil microbial communities and promoted the development of actinomycetes and cellulolytic microorganisms during the growing season. The results of this research could contribute to the development of sustainable popcorn maize production for improved grain quality. They could also serve as a basis for isolating beneficial soil microorganisms to develop new bio-fertilizers that could improve maize production in synergy with cover crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Dragičević
- Group for Agro-ecology and Cropping Practices, R&D Department, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Simić
- Group for Agro-ecology and Cropping Practices, R&D Department, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Dolijanović
- Department of Cropping Technology and Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milovan Stoiljković
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Cahir of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Brankov
- Group for Agro-ecology and Cropping Practices, R&D Department, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Belgrade, Serbia
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Cammilleri G, Calabrese V, Vella A, Macaluso A, Bacchi E, Pantano L, Galluzzo FG, Oddo A, Giangrosso G, Ferrantelli V, Brunone M. Essential and non-essential elements in white lupin ( Lupinus albus L.) cultivated in Southern Italy. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:164-168. [PMID: 35921531 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2107641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the presence of V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sb, Cd, and Pb in white lupin samples cultivated in Southern Italy by the validation of an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The ICP-MS method validation showed satisfactory values of linearity (r2 > 0.999), recovery (87.4-100.7%), repeatability, and reproducibility values. Zinc was the most abundant element; showing mean concentrations of 0.778 ± 0.09 mg/Kg wet weight (w.w.) and a maximum of 1.013 mg/Kg w.w., followed by copper (0.191 ± 0.05 mg/Kg w.w.). Among the non-essential elements, important levels of cadmium were found (0.017 ± 0.004 mg/Kg w.w.), with 28% exceeding the limits set by the EU Regulation. The results of this work confirm the role of white lupins and other legumes in reducing the pH of the soil, increasing the exchangeable forms of Cd. This work also provides the first data on the nutritional and antinutritional properties of white lupins cultivated in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Dipartimento di scienze biomediche e biotecnologiche, Università degli studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Vella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bacchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Licia Pantano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe Galluzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Adriana Oddo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giangrosso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mariagrazia Brunone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
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9
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Shen Z, Yang M, Wang H, Liu Y, Gao Y. Changes in the urinary proteome of rats after short-term intake of magnesium L-threonate(MgT). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1305738. [PMID: 38188875 PMCID: PMC10768015 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1305738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Magnesium (Mg) is an important mineral in living organisms. Magnesium has multiple functions in the human body, wherein it plays an important therapeutic and preventive role in a variety of diseases. Methods Urine samples of rats before and after gavage of magnesium L-threonate (MgT) were collected, and the urinary proteome was identified using the LC-MS/MS technique and analyzed using various databases. Results and discussion The results illustrated that the urinary proteome of rats was significantly altered after short-term intake of magnesium supplements and that the differential proteins and the biological functions were related to magnesium. This study innovatively establishes a method to study nutrients from the perspective of urine proteomics. This work demonstrates that the urinary proteome is capable of reflecting the effects of nutrient intake on the organism in a more systematic and comprehensive manner and has the potential to provide clues for clinical nutrition research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Youhe Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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10
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Wang Q, Xu S, Zhong L, Zhao X, Wang L. Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth, Development, and Flavonoid Synthesis in Ginkgo biloba. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15775. [PMID: 37958760 PMCID: PMC10649971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a highly valuable medicinal plant known for its rich secondary metabolites, including flavonoids. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can be used as nanofertilizers and nano-growth regulators to promote plant growth and development. However, little is known about the effects of ZnO-NPs on flavonoids in G. biloba. In this study, G. biloba was treated with different concentrations of ZnO-NPs (25, 50, 100 mg/L), and it was found that 25 mg/L of ZnO-NPs enhanced G. biloba fresh weight, dry weight, zinc content, and flavonoids, while 50 and 100 mg/L had an inhibitory effect on plant growth. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR revealed that the increased total flavonoids and flavonols were mainly due to the promotion of the expression of flavonol structural genes such as GbF3H, GbF3'H, and GbFLS. Additionally, when the GbF3H gene was overexpressed in tobacco and G. biloba calli, an increase in total flavonoid content was observed. These findings indicate that 25 mg/L of ZnO-NPs play a crucial role in G. biloba growth and the accumulation of flavonoids, which can potentially promote the yield and quality of G. biloba in production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.W.); (S.X.); (L.Z.); (X.Z.)
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11
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Wang G, Chen R, Han X, Xue X. Effects and Mechanism Analysis of Non-Bagging and Bagging Cultivation on the Growth and Content Change of Specific Substances of Fuji Apple Fruit. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3309. [PMID: 37765473 PMCID: PMC10536194 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Taidong Base of Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China, from May to October 2022. Using Fuji Apple Tianhong.2/SH/Malus robusta (M. robusta) as experimental materials, the differences and mechanisms of the effects of non-bagging and bagging cultivation on the growth and changes in some substance content of Fuji apple fruits were studied. The results showed that compared with bagging, non-bagging cultivation increased single fruit weight and decreased fruit shape index, increased fruit sugar content, reduced acid content, and increased taste. It increased the content of vitamin C (VC) and protein in the fruit, increased the types and content of aromatic components in the fruit, significantly increased the activity of sugar- and acid-related enzymes, and improved the antioxidant capacity of the fruit. Compared to bagging cultivation, non-bagging cultivation improved the weight, taste (sugar acid ratio), and aroma of Fuji fruit, which is related to increasing the content of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (ZR), and salicylic acid (SA) and reducing the content of abscisic acid (ABA) in the fruit, as well as increasing the content of medium and trace elements calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mg), and boron (B). One of the mechanisms involved is the significant increase in gene expression related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversion, starch and sucrose metabolism, zeatin biosynthesis, microtubules, motor proteins microtubule movement, xyloglucan metabolic process, cell division, and peroxidase activity. In short, non-bagging cultivation is more conducive to improving the intrinsic quality and flavor development of Fuji apples, and one of the mechanisms is that non-bagging cultivation is beneficial for increasing the expression of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaomin Xue
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian 271000, China; (G.W.); (R.C.); (X.H.)
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12
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Golubkina N, Tolpysheva T, Lapchenko V, Lapchenko H, Pirogov N, Zaitsev V, Sękara A, Tallarita A, Stoleru V, Murariu OC, Caruso G. Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant Status and Mineral Composition of Diploschistes ocellatus, Calvatia candida (rostk.) Hollós, Battarrea phalloides and Artemisia lerchiana in Conditions of High Soil Salinity. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2530. [PMID: 37447092 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural reserves play a fundamental role in maintaining flora and fauna biodiversity, but the biochemical characteristics of such ecosystems have been studied in an extremely fragmentary way. For the first time, mineral composition and antioxidant status of three systematic groups of organisms, lichens (Diplischistes ocellatus), mushrooms (Calvatia candida and Battarrea phalloides) and wormwood (Artemisia lerchiana) have been described at the territory of Bogdinsko-Baskunchak Nature Reserve (Astrakhan region, Russia), characterized by high salinity and solar radiation, and water deficiency. Through ICP-MS, it was determined that scale lichen D. ocellatus accumulated up to 10-15% Ca, 0.5% Fe, 15 mg kg-1 d.w. iodine (I), 54.5 mg kg-1 Cr. Battarrea phalloides demonstrated anomalously high concentrations of B, Cu, Fe, Mn Se, Zn, Sr and low Na levels, contrary to Calvatia candida mushrooms accumulating up to 10,850 mg kg-1 Na and only 3 mg kg-1 Sr. The peculiarity of A. lerchiana plants was the high accumulation of B (22.23 mg kg-1 d.w.), Mn (57.48 mg kg-1 d.w.), and antioxidants (total antioxidant activity: 68.6 mg GAE g-1 d.w.; polyphenols: 21.0 mg GAE g-1 d.w.; and proline: 5.45 mg g-1 d.w.). Diploschistes ocellatus and Calvatia candida demonstrated the lowest antioxidant status: 3.6-3.8 mg GAE g-1 d.w. total antioxidant activity, 1.73-2.10 mg GAE g-1 d.w. polyphenols and 2.0-5.3 mg g-1 d.w. proline. Overall, according to the elemental analysis of lichen from Baskunchak Nature Reserve compared to the Southern Crimean seashore, the vicinity of Baskunchak Salty Lake elicited increased environmental levels of Cr, Si, Li, Fe, Co, Ni and Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Tolpysheva
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory,1, Building 1, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lapchenko
- T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station, Nature Reserve RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Feodosia 298188, Russia
| | - Helene Lapchenko
- T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station, Nature Reserve RAS-Branch of A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Feodosia 298188, Russia
| | - Nikolay Pirogov
- Bogdinsko-Baskunchak Nature Reserve, Akhtubinsk 416532, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Zaitsev
- Department of Hydrobiology and General Ecology, Astrakhan State Technical University, Tatisheva 16, Astrakhan 414025, Russia
| | - Agnieszka Sękara
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alessio Tallarita
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Vasile Stoleru
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700440 Iasi, Romania
| | - Otilia Cristina Murariu
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700440 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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13
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Li S, Yang L, Huang X, Zou Z, Zhang M, Guo W, Addo-Danso SD, Zhou L. Mineral Nutrient Uptake, Accumulation, and Distribution in Cunninghamia lanceolata in Response to Drought Stress. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112140. [PMID: 37299119 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mineral accumulation in plants under drought stress is essential for drought tolerance. The distribution, survival, and growth of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.), an evergreen conifer, can be affected by climate change, particularly seasonal precipitation and drought. Hence, we designed a drought pot experiment, using 1-year-old Chinese fir plantlets, to evaluate drought effects under simulated mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought, which corresponds to 60%, 50%, and 40% of soil field maximum moisture capacity, respectively. A treatment of 80% of soil field maximum moisture capacity was used as control. Effects of drought stress on mineral uptake, accumulation, and distribution in Chinese fir organs were determined under different drought stress regimes for 0-45 days. Severe drought stress significantly increased phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) uptake at 15, 30 and 45 days, respectively, within fine (diameter < 2 mm), moderate (diameter 2-5 mm), and large (diameter 5-10 mm) roots. Drought stress decreased magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) uptake by fine roots and increased iron (Fe) uptake in fine and moderate roots but decreased Fe uptake in large roots. Severe drought stress increased P, K, calcium (Ca), Fe, sodium (Na), and aluminum (Al) accumulation in leaves after 45 days and increased Mg and Mn accumulation after 15 days. In stems, severe drought stress increased P, K, Ca, Fe, and Al in the phloem, and P, K, Mg, Na, and Al in the xylem. In branches, P, K, Ca, Fe, and Al concentrations increased in the phloem, and P, Mg, and Mn concentrations increased in the xylem under severe drought stress. Taken together, plants develop strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress, such as promoting the accumulation of P and K in most organs, regulating minerals concentration in the phloem and xylem, to prevent the occurrence of xylem embolism. The important roles of minerals in response to drought stress should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Li
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Yang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhiguang Zou
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Maxiao Zhang
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shalom Daniel Addo-Danso
- Forest and Climate Change Division, CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi P.O. Box UP 63 KNUST, Ghana
| | - Lili Zhou
- Chinese Fir Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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14
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Rak K, Styczyńska M, Godyla-Jabłoński M, Bronkowska M. Some Immune Parameters of Term Newborns at Birth Are Associated with the Concentration of Iron, Copper and Magnesium in Maternal Serum. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081908. [PMID: 37111127 PMCID: PMC10141145 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional status of pregnant women is considered to affect fetal development and the health condition of newborns, including their immune system. We investigated the relationship between the concentrations of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) in maternal serum (MS) and the concentrations of IgG antibodies and antineutrophil cytoplasmatic auto-antibodies against lactoferrin (Lf-ANCA) in umbilical cord serum (UCS). IgG was considered as a promoter of immunity, and Lf-ANCA as an inhibitor. The examined group consisted of 98 pregnant women and their healthy term newborn children. The concentrations of mineral elements were measured by FAAS/FAES, while the concentrations of antibodies were determined by ELISA. Excessive MS Fe and insufficient MS Cu were related to insufficient UCS IgG and excessive UCS Lf-ANCA. The correlation analysis showed confirming results. Adequate UCS IgG and Lf-ANCA were related to MS Mg at the strictly lower limit of the reference values. The results obtained seem to suggest that an excess of Fe and a deficiency of Cu in pregnancy may adversely affect some immune parameters of newborns. Reference values for MS Mg are likely to require reconsideration. It would be advisable to monitor the nutritional status of pregnant women with minerals in order to support the immune capacity of newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marzena Styczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michaela Godyla-Jabłoński
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Salutis Humanae, University of Opole, 45-060 Opole, Poland
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15
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Quan Z, Li H, Quan Z, Qing H. Appropriate Macronutrients or Mineral Elements Are Beneficial to Improve Depression and Reduce the Risk of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7098. [PMID: 37108261 PMCID: PMC10138658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder that seriously affects the quality of life and leads to an increasing global suicide rate. Macro, micro, and trace elements are the main components that maintain normal physiological functions of the brain. Depression is manifested in abnormal brain functions, which are considered to be tightly related to the imbalance of elements. Elements associated with depression include glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and mineral elements such as lithium, zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and selenium. To explore the relationship between these elements and depression, the main literature in the last decade was mainly searched and summarized on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and other electronic databases with the keywords "depression, sugar, fat, protein, lithium, zinc, magnesium, copper, iron, and selenium". These elements aggravate or alleviate depression by regulating a series of physiological processes, including the transmission of neural signals, inflammation, oxidative stress, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, which thus affect the expression or activity of physiological components such as neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, receptors, cytokines, and ion-binding proteins in the body. For example, excessive fat intake can lead to depression, with possible mechanisms including inflammation, increased oxidative stress, reduced synaptic plasticity, and decreased expression of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95), etc. Supplementing mineral elements, such as selenium, zinc, magnesium, or lithium as a psychotropic medication is mostly used as an auxiliary method to improve depression with other antidepressants. In general, appropriate nutritional elements are essential to treat depression and prevent the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Toro-Román V, Robles-Gil MC, Bartolomé I, Grijota FJ, Muñoz D, Maynar-Mariño M. Changes in Hematological Parameters of Iron Status and Total Iron Concentrations in Different Biological Matrices during a Sports Season in Women's Soccer Players. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081833. [PMID: 37111051 PMCID: PMC10142531 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) metabolism and concentrations change during a sports season. Fe deficiency affects a significant number of women athletes. The aims of the present study were: (i) to analyze changes in hematological parameters of Fe status and (ii) to analyze changes in Fe concentrations in different biological matrices (serum, plasma, urine, erythrocytes, and platelets) during a sports season. Twenty-four Spanish semi-professional women's soccer players (23.37 ± 3.95 years) participated in the present study. Three assessments were performed throughout the sports season (beginning, middle and end of the season). Nutritional intake was evaluated and female hormones, hematological parameters of Fe status and Fe concentrations in plasma, serum, urine, erythrocytes and platelets were determined. There were no differences in Fe intake. Hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations increased at the end of the season compared to initial values (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in extracellular Fe concentrations (plasma, serum, and urine). However, erythrocyte Fe concentrations were lower at the end of the season (p < 0.05). Hematological parameters of Fe status and intracellular Fe concentrations change throughout the sports season in women's soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - María C Robles-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 52-70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco J Grijota
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain
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17
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Liu W, Wang D, Zhou Q, Wang J, Lian S. Effect of Mineral Element Imbalance on Neutrophil Respiratory Burst Function and Inflammatory and Antioxidant Responses in Sheep. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040241. [PMID: 37104396 PMCID: PMC10141385 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study established a model of mineral element homeostatic imbalance and examined the respiratory burst function of peripheral blood neutrophils and inflammatory and antioxidant indicators before and after the imbalance in sheep. The results showed that after an EDTA injection, the number of activated neutrophils in the peripheral blood was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.01). In addition, the serum IL-6 level was significantly increased (p < 0.05) and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) was inhibited (p < 0.05), but returned to a normal level one week after the injection. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) levels were consistently higher after the injection and significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). CuZn-SOD, TNOS activity, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher than before the injection (p < 0.05). Combining the results of previous studies, the EDTA injection altered the metabolism and transcription of peripheral blood neutrophils. These changes enhance the respiratory burst function of neutrophils and alter the status of inflammatory and antioxidant indicators such as IL-6 and CuZn-SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Qijun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuai Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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18
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Wu Z, Zhang S, Liu L, Wang L, Ban Z. The Grade of Dried Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Junzao) Affects Its Quality Attributes, Antioxidant Activity, and Volatile Aroma Components. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050989. [PMID: 36900506 PMCID: PMC10000541 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Junzao) has attracted a large number of consumers because it is rich in nutrients, such as carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids. Dried jujube is more conducive to storage and transportation, and has a more intense flavor. Consumers are affected by subjective factors, and the most important factor is the appearance of the fruit, including size and color. In this study, fully matured jujubes were dried and divided into five grades according to their transverse diameter and jujube number per kilogram. In addition, the quality attributes, antioxidant activities, mineral elements, and volatile aroma components of dried jujube were further analyzed. As the dried jujube grade increased, the total flavonoid content increased, which was positively correlated with the antioxidant activity. The results showed that small dried jujube had a higher total acidity and lower sugar-acid ratio than large and medium dried jujube, thus, large and medium dried jujube had a better flavor than small dried jujube. However, the antioxidant activity and mineral elements of medium and small dried jujube were superior to large dried jujube. From the edible value analysis of dried jujube, medium and small dried jujube were better than large dried jujube. Potassium is the highest among the measured mineral elements, with contents ranging from 10,223.80 mg/kg to 16,620.82 mg/kg, followed by Ca and Mg. Twenty-nine volatile aroma components of dried jujube were identified by GC-MS analysis. The main volatile aroma components were acids including n-decanoic acid, benzoic acid, and dodecanoic acid. The fruit size affected the quality attributes, antioxidant activity, mineral elements, and volatile aroma components of dried jujube. This study provided a piece of reference information for further high-quality production of dried jujube fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbao Wu
- Economic Forest Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Luyin Wang
- Aksu Youneng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Aksu 843001, China
| | - Zhaojun Ban
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Correspondence:
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19
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Chaouqi S, Moratalla-López N, Alonso GL, Lorenzo C, Zouahri A, Asserar N, Haidar EM, Guedira T. Effect of Soil Composition on Secondary Metabolites of Moroccan Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:711. [PMID: 36840059 PMCID: PMC9959755 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate and soil are important factors that affect the quality of saffron. Saffron quality is determined by the marked content of secondary metabolites. The objective of this work was to study the effect of soil physicochemical properties on the secondary metabolites of saffron. Our study concerned the analysis of saffron samples by high-performance liquid chromatography-detection by diode array (HPLC-DAD). Soil samples were analyzed by physicochemical methods, ED-XRF fluorescence and X-ray diffraction to determine the different types of clays. Saffron samples grown in loam-clay-sand soils contained high values of crocins and kaempferol 3-sophoroside 7-glucoside but low values of safranal. In addition, saffron samples grown in soils rich in organic matter, phosphorus and potassium contained high values of crocins and kaempferol 3-sophoroside 7-glucoside but low values of safranal. This original approach was carried out for the first time in our study, both by ED-XRF fluorescence and by X-ray diffraction, to determine what elements affect the quality of saffron. Thus, we concluded that clays containing low amounts of iron could have a positive effect on the coloring strength of saffron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Chaouqi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 242, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Environment and Natural Resources Conservation Research Unit, INRA, CRRA, BP 6356, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Natalia Moratalla-López
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Gonzalo L. Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Cándida Lorenzo
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Abdelmjid Zouahri
- Environment and Natural Resources Conservation Research Unit, INRA, CRRA, BP 6356, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Nazha Asserar
- Laboratory of Botany and Plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
| | - El Mehdi Haidar
- Department of Mineral Chemistry, Mining Laboratories Division, ONHYM, Campus: 34, Avenue Al Fadila, City Yakoun El Mansour, BP 8030, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Guedira
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 242, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
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20
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Ren ZW, Kopittke PM, Zhao FJ, Wang P. Nutrient accumulation and transcriptome patterns during grain development in rice. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:909-930. [PMID: 36272142 PMCID: PMC9899419 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important source of calories and mineral nutrients for more than half of the world's population. The accumulation of essential and toxic mineral elements in rice grain affects its nutritional quality and safety. However, the patterns and processes by which different elements progressively accumulate during grain filling remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated temporal changes in dry matter, elemental concentrations, and the transcriptome in the grain of field-grown rice. We also investigated the effects of seed setting rate and the position of the grain within the rice panicle on element accumulation. Three different patterns of accumulation were observed: (i) elements including K, Mn, B, and Ca showed an early accumulation pattern; (ii) dry matter and elements including N, P, S, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, and Cd showed a mid accumulation pattern; and (iii) elements such as Fe showed a gradual increase pattern. These different accumulation patterns can be explained by the differences in the biogeochemical behavior of the various elements in the soil, as well as differences in plant nutrient redistribution, gene expression, and the sink-source relationship. These results improve our knowledge of the dynamics of elemental accumulation in rice grain and are helpful for identification of functional genes mediating the translocation of elements to grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Centre for Agriculture and Health, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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21
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Zhao PY, Yang YQ, Wang FF, Peng M, Li MC, Pei D, Hou ZY, Zhou YB. [Content analysis and quality evaluation of main active components and mineral elements of Cynomorium songaricum in different habitats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:908-920. [PMID: 36872261 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220918.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the content characteristics of the main active components and mineral elements of Cynomorium songaricum under different habitat conditions, and further explore the relationship between the quality of C. songaricum and habitats, this study took C. songaricum from 25 different habitats in China as the research object, and measured the contents of 8 main active components and 12 mineral elements separately. Diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The results showed that the genetic diversity of total flavonoids, ursolic acid, ether extract, potassium(K), phosphorus(P) and zinc(Zn) in C. songaricum was high. The coefficient of variation of crude polysaccharide, ether extract, gallic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, catechin, epicatechin, calcium(Ca), sodium(Na), magnesium(Mg), sulfur(S), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), selenium(Se) and nickel(Ni) were all over 36%, indicating that the quality of C. songaricum was significantly affected by habitats. There were strong synergistic and weak antagonistic effects among the contents of the 8 active components, and complex antagonistic and synergistic effects among the contents of the 12 mineral elements. Principal component analysis revealed that crude polysaccharide, ursolic acid, catechin, epicatechin and total flavonoids could be used as the characteristic components to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum, and Na, copper(Cu), Mn and Ni were the characteristic elements to evaluate the quality of C. songaricum. In cluster ana-lysis, the second group with the main active components as cluster center had better quality in terms of the content of active substances, and the second group with the mineral elements as cluster center had higher utilization potential in the exploitation of mineral elements. This study could provide a basis for resource evaluation and breeding of excellent varieties of C. songaricum in different habitats, and provide a reference for cultivation and identification of C. songaricum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yue-Qin Yang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Fei-Fan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Min Peng
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008, China
| | - Ming-Cong Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008, China
| | - Dong Pei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwest Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yu-Bi Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008, China
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22
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Chen YY, Chen YJ. The Relationship between Dietary Calcium and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36771377 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineral element supplements are widely used in the older adult population. However, little is known of their impact on the progression of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary micronutrients and ARMD in older adults. METHODS We enrolled 5227 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005-2008) in this cross-sectional study. ARMD was evaluated using an ophthalmic digital imaging system and digital camera. Mineral element consumption was collected using a 24-hour dietary recall. The association between mineral element use and the presence of ARMD was determined by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS After adjusting for relevant variables, dietary calcium was negatively associated with ARMD (OR: 680, 95%CI: 0.482-0.960). In contrast to dietary form, serum concentration of calcium was not associated with ARMD. Moreover, increased dietary calcium was associated with reduced ARMD (OR: 0.684, 95%CI: 0.468-1.000). CONCLUSION A lower consumption of dietary calcium was significantly associated with a higher risk of ARMD. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to explore these findings.
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23
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Liu S, Fu L, Zhang C, Deng J, Xue W, Deng Y. Effects of Exogenous Chlorinated Amino Acetic Acid on Cadmium and Mineral Elements in Rice Seedlings. Toxics 2023; 11:71. [PMID: 36668797 PMCID: PMC9860664 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effect of exogenous application of chlorinated amino acetic acid on cadmium (Cd) transport characteristics in rice seedlings, X24 and Z35 rice were taken as the research objects to carry out hydroponics experiments, and the changes of Cd content in rice seedlings, rice mineral elements and amino acid content in rice were analyzed. The results showed that exogenous application of 1.2 mmol·L-1 chlorinated amino acetic acid inhibited cadmium in shoots and roots of rice seedlings; Cd content in shoots and roots were reduced by up to 62.19% and 45.61%, respectively. The majority of cadmium was in the cell wall of shoots and roots; this decreased with the increase of the concentration of chlorinated acetic acid. In addition, the Mn content in shoots and Ca content in roots of rice seedlings increased significantly after the application of chlorinated amino acetic acid. The results of amino acid analysis showed that the contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and cystine in rice seedlings were increased. These results indicate that exogenous application of chlorinated amino acetic acid is beneficial to the synthesis of aspartic acid, glutamic acid and cysteine in rice seedlings, increases the content of Mn in shoots and Ca in roots of rice seedlings, and significantly alleviates cadmium stress in seedlings. This provides a theoretical basis for the development of an environmentally friendly Cd-lowering foliar fertilizer for rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Changbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jiawei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Weijie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yun Deng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Xiong Q, Wang R, Sun C, Wang R, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhu J. Metabolites Associated with the Main Nutrients in Two Varieties of Purple Rice Processed to Polished Rice. Metabolites 2022; 13. [PMID: 36676931 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the same nitrogen fertilizer and cultivation conditions, the nutrients of rice are strongly affected during the processing of brown rice to polished rice, especially in special rice varieties. In this study, twenty-two amino acids in brown and polished rice of two purple rice varieties were quantified using targeted metabolomics, and the relationships among the main nutrients, mineral elements and metabolites were analysed. The results showed that the amino acid levels in YZN1_H (polished rice of Yangzinuo No. 1) and YZN2_H (polished rice of Yangzinuo No. 2) decreased to different degrees compared with those in YZN1_B (brown rice of Yangzinuo No. 1) and YZN2_B (brown rice of Yangzinuo No. 2). Citric acid is closely associated with amino acids. The total sugar (TS), ATP, and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) levels in YZN1_B decreased by 9.37%, 53.85%, and 75.71%, respectively, compared with those in YZN1_H. The TS, ATP, and SDF levels in YZN2_B decreased significantly by 6.92%, 21.03%, and 76.78%, respectively, compared with those in YZN2_H. Citric acid was significantly negatively correlated with ATP and SDF but significantly positively correlated with carotenoids. The Se content in YZN1_H was significantly higher than that in YZN1_B by 87.02%. The Se content in YZN2_H was significantly higher than that in YZN2_B by 72.02%. Citric acid was significantly positively correlated with Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg. Citric acid was identified as a candidate key metabolite that affects changes in the main nutrients in purple rice during processing.
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25
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Tian J, Gong Y, Li J. Nutritional Attributes and Phenolic Composition of Flower and Bud of Sophora japonica L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36558062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sophora japonica L. (SJL) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RPL) are widely cultivated in China. However, the utilization of their main by-products are limited due to a lack of comprehensive nutritional attributes. Herein, the proximate composition, mineral elements, fatty acids, amino acids, monosaccharides, and phenolics were analyzed to investigate the nutritional attributes of SJL and RPL. Dietary fiber was the main ingredient in SJL and RPL, followed by protein and lipids. The content of Fe in SJL and RPL was highest, especially in flowers of SJL, reaching about 1179.51 mg/kg. The total unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 89.67% of the bud of SJL. Meanwhile, the essential amino acids contents of the flower and bud of SJL and RPL accounted for 35.95-40.59% of total amino acids. The flower of SJL (373.75 mg/g) exhibited the most abundant monosaccharides. Meanwhile, the total phenolics and flavonoid contents in the buds of SJL and RPL were significantly higher than that of the flower, implying the buds possessed better biological activity. Moreover, the bud of SJL possessed the most abundant phenolics. The results provided a reference for the development of functional food derived from SJL and RPL.
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26
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Guo C, Wesche K, Mărgărint MC, Nowak A, Dembicz I, Wu J. Climate overrides fencing and soil mineral nutrients to affect plant diversity and biomass of alpine grasslands across North Tibet. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1024954. [PMID: 36570963 PMCID: PMC9773210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overgrazing and warming are thought to be responsible for the loss of species diversity, declined ecosystem productivity and soil nutrient availability of degraded grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. Mineral elements in soils critically regulate plant individual's growth, performance, reproduction, and survival. However, it is still unclear whether plant species diversity and biomass production can be improved indirectly via the recovery of mineral element availability at topsoils of degraded grasslands, via grazing exclusion by fencing for years. METHODS To answer this question, we measured plant species richness, Shannow-Wiener index, aboveground biomass, and mineral element contents of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, K and P at the top-layer (0 - 10 cm) soils at 15 pairs of fenced vs grazed matched sites from alpine meadows (n = 5), alpine steppes (n = 6), and desert-steppes (n = 4) across North Tibet. RESULTS Our results showed that fencing only reduced the Shannon-Wiener index of alpine meadows, and did not alter aboveground biomass, species richness, and soil mineral contents within each grassland type, compared to adjacent open sites grazed by domestic livestock. Aboveground biomass first decreased and then increased along with the gradient of increasing Ca content but did not show any clear relationship with other mineral elements across the three different alpine grassland types. More than 45% of the variance in plant diversity indices and aboveground biomass across North Tibet can be explained by the sum precipitation during plant growing months. Structural equation modelling also confirmed that climatic variables could regulate biomass production directly and indirectly via soil mineral element (Ca) and plant diversity indices. DISCUSSION Overall, the community structure and biomass production of alpine grasslands across North Tibet was weakly affected by fencing, compared to the robst climatic control. Therefore, medium-term livestock exclusion by fencing might have limited contribution to the recovery of ecosystem structure and functions of degraded alpine grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Guo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Karsten Wesche
- Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
- International Institute (IHI) Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Zittau, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint
- Department of Geography, Geography and Geology Faculty, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Botanical Garden Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Iwona Dembicz
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Conservation, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Geography, Geography and Geology Faculty, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
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Aderinola TA, Alashi AM, Fagbemi TN, Enujiugha VN, Aluko RE. Amino acid composition, mineral profile, free radical scavenging ability, and carbohydrase inhibitory properties of Moringa oleifera seed globulin, hydrolysates, and membrane fractions. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14131. [PMID: 35322904 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional-amino acid profile and mineral element of Moringa oleifera seed globulin (GLO) and its hydrolysates as well as the in vitro bioactive properties-antioxidant, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition of the GLO, hydrolysates, and membrane fractions were reported. The results showed that M. oleifera contained significant amounts of essential amino acids (EAA), which are more than the minimum required by the Food and Agricultural Organization for children, except for tryptophan, which was the limiting amino acid. However, hydrolysis mostly led to a reduction in the contents of the EAA. While the process of hydrolysis and the subsequent membrane fractionation produced peptides with improved activities in 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging ability and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, this process produced no activities in superoxide radical scavenging ability, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of some of the hydrolysates and peptides fractions. In summary, M. oleifera seed peptide fraction (<3 kDa) from the alcalase-derived hydrolysate contains potent antioxidants but relatively low in vitro antidiabetic properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Several studies have established the ability of proteins, including hydrolysate and peptide fractions to provide some bioactive properties such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory among others. However, because protein functionalities are influenced by several factors such as the source, type, processing method employed among others, research has continued to evaluate the bioactivities of proteins under different conditions. In this study, therefore, we reported the impact of processing methods (hydrolysis, enzyme type, and peptide size) on the nutritional, antioxidant, and in vitro antidiabetic properties of M. oleifera seed globulin, its hydrolysates, and membrane fractions. This information plays an important role in the further exploitation of M. oleifera seed proteins in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Ayodele Aderinola
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Adeola Monisola Alashi
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tayo Nathaniel Fagbemi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Victor Ndigwe Enujiugha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Rotimi Emmanuel Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Wang JQ, Tian LX, Chen XM, Guo SX. [Comparison and health risk assessment of mineral elements in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale cultivated with conventional method and mycorrhizal fungi]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:5824-5831. [PMID: 36472000 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220623.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the variation of the content of mineral elements in stems and leaves of Dendrobium officinale cultivated with conventional method and mycorrhizal fungi, which is expected to lay a basis for safety of stems and leaves of D. officinale. A total of 7 samples from Jiangsu, Fujian, Shanghai, and Zhejiang were collected, which were then cultivated with conventional method and mycorrhizal fungi, separately. The content of 17 mineral elements in stems and leaves was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), and the content changes of the mineral elements were analyzed. The health risks of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As in stems were assessed by target hazard quotient(THQ). The results showed that the content of polluting elements in stems and leaves of D. officinale was low, and the content in the plants cultivated with mycorrhizal fungi was reduced. The content of K, Ca, Mg, and P was high in stems and leaves of the species, suggesting that cultivation with mycorrhizal fungi improved the content of other elements irregularly. According to the THQ, the safety risk of stems of D. officinale cultivated with either conventional method or mycorrhizal fungi was low, particularly the D. officinale cultivated mycorrhizal fungi. The results indicated that cultivation with mycorrhizal fungi influenced the element content in stems and leaves of D. officinale. It is necessary to study the culture substrate, processing technology, and the mechanism of the increase or decrease in mineral elements of D. officinale in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shun-Xing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193, China
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29
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Xia Y, Jia L, Zhang K, Xie J, Yu E, Tian J, Gong W, Li Z, Li H, Wang G, Liu Y. Geographical Origin Traceability of Procambarus clarkii Based on Mineral Elements and Stable Isotopes. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36230136 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the prospect of applying mineral element and stable isotope data in origin tracing Procambarus clarkii to establish an origin tracing system. Microwave digestion−atomic absorption spectrometry and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry determined the contents of 14 mineral elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Sr, Ba, As, Se and Cd) and the abundances of C and N stable isotopes in the muscle tissue of P. clarkii from Guangdong, Hunan and Hubei regions. The one-way ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison results revealed Na, Sr, Ba, Cu, Mn, Fe, Al, Se, δ13C and δ15N varied significantly between the three regions (p < 0.05). A systematic clustering analysis revealed the stable isotopes combined with the mineral elements easily distinguished samples into the three different regions. Multivariate statistical analysis allowed us to establish a discriminant model for distinguishing P. clarkii from the three geographical regions. When stable isotopes were combined with mineral elements, the accuracy of the linear discriminant analysis of the samples from Guangdong, Hunan and Hubei were 95%, 95% and 100%, respectively. The initial overall discriminant accuracy was 96.7%, and the cross-validation discriminant accuracy was 93.3%. Principal component analysis identified three main components which were based on eleven major factors, including Cu, Ba, Cd, Mn, δ13C, δ15N, Al and Mg, resulting in a cumulative variance contribution rate of 78.77%. We established a three-dimensional coordinate system using the three principal components to create scatter diagrams with the samples from the three regions in the coordinate system. The results revealed the samples clearly differentiated into the three regions. Therefore, mineral elements combined with stable isotopes can distinguish the regional origin of P. clarkii.
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Liu X, Turner JR, Hand JL, Schichtel BA, Martin RV. A Global-Scale Mineral Dust Equation. J Geophys Res Atmos 2022; 127:e2022JD036937. [PMID: 36591339 PMCID: PMC9787586 DOI: 10.1029/2022jd036937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A robust method to estimate mineral dust mass in ambient particulate matter (PM) is essential, as the dust fraction cannot be directly measured but is needed to understand dust impacts on the environment and human health. In this study, a global-scale dust equation is developed that builds on the widely used Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network's "soil" formula that is based on five measured elements (Al, Si, Ca, Fe, and Ti). We incorporate K, Mg, and Na into the equation using the mineral-to-aluminum (MAL) mass ratio of (K2O + MgO + Na2O)/Al2O3 and apply a correction factor (CF) to account for other missing compounds. We obtain region-specific MAL ratios and CFs by investigating the variation in dust composition across desert regions. To calculate reference dust mass for equation evaluation, we use total-mineral-mass (summing all oxides of crustal elements) and residual-mass (subtracting non-dust species from total PM) approaches. For desert dust in source regions, the normalized mean bias (NMB) of the global equation (within ±1%) is significantly smaller than the NMB of the IMPROVE equation (-6% to 10%). For PM2.5 with high dust content measured by the IMPROVE network, the global equation estimates dust mass well (NMB within ±5%) at most sites. For desert dust transported to non-source regions, the global equation still performs well (NMB within ±2%). The global equation can also represent paved road, unpaved road, and agricultural soil dust (NMB within ±5%). This global equation provides a promising approach for calculating dust mass based on elemental analysis of dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jay R. Turner
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Jenny L. Hand
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the AtmosphereColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | | | - Randall V. Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMOUSA
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Shi W, Li J, Kan D, Yu W, Chen X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Deng S, Zhou J, Fayyaz P, Luo ZB. Sulfur metabolism, organic acid accumulation and phytohormone regulation are crucial physiological processes modulating the different tolerance to Pb stress of two contrasting poplars. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1799-1811. [PMID: 35313352 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the pivotal physiological processes modulating lead (Pb) tolerance capacities of poplars, the saplings of two contrasting poplar species, Populus × canescens with high Pb sensitivity and Populus nigra with relatively low Pb sensitivity, were treated with either 0 or 8 mM Pb for 6 weeks. Lead was absorbed by the roots and accumulated massively in the roots and leaves, leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species, reduced photosynthesis and biomass in both poplar species. Particularly, the tolerance index of P. × canescens was significantly lower than that of P. nigra. Moreover, the physiological responses including the concentrations of nutrient elements, thiols, organic acids, phytohormones and nonenzymatic antioxidants, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the roots and leaves were different between the two poplar species. Notably, the differences in concentrations of nutrient elements, organic acids and phytohormones were remarkable between the two poplar species. A further evaluation of the Pb tolerance-related physiological processes showed that the change of 'sulfur (S) metabolism' in the roots was greater, and that of 'organic acid accumulation' in the roots and 'phytohormone regulation' in the leaves were markedly smaller in P. × canescens than those in P. nigra. These results suggest that there are differences in Pb tolerance capacities between P. × canescens and P. nigra, which is probably associated with their contrasting physiological responses to Pb stress, and that S metabolism, organic acid accumulation and phytohormone regulation are probably the key physiological processes modulating the different Pb tolerance capacities between the two poplar species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan road, Xuanwu district, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Donxu Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing road, Xiangfang district, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chaofeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shurong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Payam Fayyaz
- Forest, Range and Watershed Management Department, Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty, Yasouj University, Daneshjoo St, Yasuj 75919-63179, Iran
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan road, Haidian district, Beijing 100091, China
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Lyu J, Jin N, Meng X, Jin L, Wang S, Xiao X, Liu Z, Tang Z, Yu J. Exogenous silicon alleviates the adverse effects of cinnamic acid-induced autotoxicity stress on cucumber seedling growth. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:968514. [PMID: 36035700 PMCID: PMC9399776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autotoxicity is a key factor that leads to obstacles in continuous cropping systems. Although Si is known to improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, little is known about its role in regulating leaf water status, mineral nutrients, nitrogen metabolism, and root morphology of cucumber under autotoxicity stress. Here, we used cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L. cv. "Xinchun No. 4") to evaluate how exogenous Si (1 mmol L-1) affected the leaf water status, mineral nutrient uptake, N metabolism-related enzyme activities, root morphology, and shoot growth of cucumber seedlings under 0.8 mmol L-1 CA-induced autotoxicity stress. We found that CA-induced autotoxicity significantly reduced the relative water content and water potential of leaves and increase their cell sap concentration. CA-induced stress also inhibited the absorption of major (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn). However, exogenous Si significantly improved the leaf water status (relative water content and water potential) of cucumber leaves under CA-induced stress. Exogenous Si also promoted the absorption of mineral elements by seedlings under CA-induced stress and alleviated the CA-induced inhibition of N metabolism-related enzyme activities (including nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase). Moreover, exogenous Si improved N uptake and utilization, promoted root morphogenesis, and increased the growth indexes of cucumber seedlings under CA-induced stress. Our findings have far-reaching implications for overcoming the obstacles to continuous cropping in cucumber cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Wang D, Zhou Q, Ji M, Zhou X, Wang J, Lian S. Effects of imbalance of mineral elements on peripheral neutrophil metabolism in sheep. Metallomics 2022; 14:6632990. [PMID: 35793565 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance of mineral element homeostasis in animals is common, causing animal immune dysfunction. Ten female sheep were randomly selected and injected with 4% (w/v) Na2EDTA through a central venous catheter to establish the mineral element imbalance model, then divided into control group (before injection) and Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) group (after injection). Isolation of peripheral blood neutrophils for mineral elements content determination was done using Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and nontargeted metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The ICP-MS results showed that Hg and Cs levels in neutrophils were significantly lower after injection than before (P < 0.05), but had no significant effects on other elements. Our previous study showed that serum Zn, P, K, and other 11 elements were significantly lower after the injection of Na2EDTA than before. LC-MS/MS results showed that differential metabolites are mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism; monoamine metabolism was weakened; and polyamine metabolism was enhanced. Under positive and negative ion modes, the mineral elements P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn had the highest correlation with the differential metabolites of neutrophils, followed by Se, and the correlation between each mineral element and different differential metabolites was also different. The results indicated that the imbalance in mineral elements affected the metabolism of sheep neutrophils, these may affect neutrophil function, and Na2EDTA could help to reduce the level of heavy metals in the body of sheep. Our data may provide a theoretical basis for the precise regulation of animal immune metabolism by modern animal husbandry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Qijun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Zhou
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing 163319, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Moore EK, Martinez DL, Srivastava N, Morrison SM, Spielman SJ. Mineral Element Insiders and Outliers Play Crucial Roles in Biological Evolution. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070951. [PMID: 35888041 PMCID: PMC9323150 DOI: 10.3390/life12070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The geosphere of primitive Earth was the source of life’s essential building blocks, and the geochemical interactions among chemical elements can inform the origins of biological roles of each element. Minerals provide a record of the fundamental properties that each chemical element contributes to crustal composition, evolution, and subsequent biological utilization. In this study, we investigate correlations between the mineral species and bulk crustal composition of each chemical element. There are statistically significant correlations between the number of elements that each element forms minerals with (#-mineral-elements) and the log of the number of mineral species that each element occurs in, and between #-mineral-elements and the log of the number of mineral localities of that element. There is a lesser correlation between the log of the crustal percentage of each element and #-mineral-elements. In the crustal percentage vs. #-mineral-elements plot, positive outliers have either important biological roles (S, Cu) or toxic biological impacts (Pb, As), while negative outliers have no biological importance (Sc, Ga, Br, Yb). In particular, S is an important bridge element between organic (e.g., amino acids) and inorganic (metal cofactors) biological components. While C and N rarely form minerals together, the two elements commonly form minerals with H, which coincides with the role of H as an electron donor/carrier in biological nitrogen and carbon fixation. Both abundant crustal percentage vs. #-mineral-elements insiders (elements that follow the correlation) and less abundant outsiders (positive outliers from the correlation) have important biological functions as essential structural elements and catalytic cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli K. Moore
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and the Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniella L. Martinez
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and the Environment, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA;
| | - Naman Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (N.S.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Shaunna M. Morrison
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA;
| | - Stephanie J. Spielman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; (N.S.); (S.J.S.)
- Childhood Cancer Data Lab, Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, USA
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Haftek M, Abdayem R, Guyonnet-Debersac P. Skin Minerals: Key Roles of Inorganic Elements in Skin Physiological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116267. [PMID: 35682946 PMCID: PMC9181837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As odd as it may seem at first glance, minerals, it is what we are all about…or nearly. Although life on Earth is carbon-based, several other elements present in the planet’s crust are involved in and often indispensable for functioning of living organisms. Many ions are essential, and others show supportive and accessory qualities. They are operative in the skin, supporting specific processes related to the particular situation of this organ at the interface with the environment. Skin bioenergetics, redox balance, epidermal barrier function, and dermal remodeling are amongst crucial activities guided by or taking advantage of mineral elements. Skin regenerative processes and skin ageing can be positively impacted by adequate accessibility, distribution, and balance of inorganic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Haftek
- CNRS Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering (LBTI), UMR5305 CNRS–University of Lyon1, 69367 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Rawad Abdayem
- L’Oréal Research and Innovation, 94550 Chevilly-Larue, France;
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Hussain S, Yang S, Li R, Liu S, Chen Y, Wei H, Dai Q, Hou H. Study on the Effect of Salt Stress on Yield and Grain Quality Among Different Rice Varieties. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:918460. [PMID: 35712589 PMCID: PMC9194819 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salt is one of the main factors limiting the use of mudflats. In this study, the yield, quality, and mineral content of rice seeds under salt stress were investigated. A pot experiment was conducted with Yangyugeng2, Xudao9, and Huageng5 under 0, 17.1, 25.6, and 34.2 mM NaCl of salt concentration treatments. The results showed that salt stress can significantly decrease panicle number, grain number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and yield of rice, and the panicle number was among other things the main cause of yield loss under saline conditions. When the salt concentration is less than 34.2 mM NaCl, the salt stress increases the brown rice rate and milled rice rate, thus significant increasing head milled rice rate of salt-sensitive varieties but decreasing in salt-tolerant varieties. In addition, the grain length is more sensitive than grain width to salt stress. This study also indicates that different varieties of rice exhibit different salt tolerance under salt stress, the three rice varieties in this study, in order of salt tolerance, are Xudao9, Huageng5, and Yangyugeng2. Salt stress will increase the appearance, viscosity, degree of balance, and taste value, and decrease the hardness of rice when salt concentration is less than 17.1 mM NaCl in Yangyugeng2 and Huageng5 or 25.6 mM NaCl in Xudao9. The differences in starch pasting properties among rice varieties in this study are larger than those caused by salt stress. The uptake capacity of K, Mg, P, S, and Cu ions in the seeds of different rice varieties significantly vary, and salt stress causes significant differences in the uptake capacity of K, Na, and Cu ions in rice seeds. Rice varieties with high salt tolerance can be selected for the development and utilization of mudflats, and low concentration of salt stress will increase the rice quality, all of which are meaningful to agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rongkai Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinglong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huanhe Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qigen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Hou
- Yibang Agriculture Technology Development Co., Ltd., Dongying, China
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Sahu PK, Cervera-Mata A, Chakradhari S, Singh Patel K, Towett EK, Quesada-Granados JJ, Martín-Ramos P, Rufián-Henares JA. Seeds as Potential Sources of Phenolic Compounds and Minerals for the Indian Population. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 35630662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds are major sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds for human beings. In this work, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of 155 Indian seeds (belonging to 49 families) are reported. Moisture and ash were measured with reference protocols from AOAC; total polyphenols and flavonoids were measured with spectrophotometric methods after extraction with organic solvents, and mineral elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and mineral contents (Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Rb, S, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were found to vary in the ranges 182−5000, 110−4465 and 687−7904 mg/100 g (DW), respectively. Noticeably, polyphenol contents higher than 2750 mg/100 g were observed in 18 seeds. In addition, mineral contents >5000 mg/100 g were detected in the seeds from Cuminum cyminum, Foeniculum vulgare, Commiphora wightii, Parkia javanica, Putranjiva roxburghii, Santalum album and Strychnos potatorum. Botanical and taxonomical variations in the proximate characteristics of the examined seeds are also discussed.
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Ding X, Zhang H, Qian T, He L, Jin H, Zhou Q, Yu J. Nutrient Concentrations Induced Abiotic Stresses to Sweet Pepper Seedlings in Hydroponic Culture. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11081098. [PMID: 35448826 PMCID: PMC9027179 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of this experiment was to investigate the effects of nutrient electrical conductivity (EC) on the growth and physiological responses of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in hydroponic culture in a greenhouse. The plant growth parameters, leaf photosynthesis, root activity, soluble protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, activities of antioxidant enzymes (AE), and the contents of plant mineral elements (PME) were measured in six different EC treatments. The results showed that very high or low EC treatments clearly decreased the plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry weight, and leaf net photosynthetic rate, while increasing the content of MDA and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase. The contents of proline and soluble protein increased gradually from the low to high EC treatments. The root activities decreased significantly, and the main PME clearly did not increase or even decreased at high EC levels. Very high EC treatments suppressed growth even more than those of very low EC. Treatments that were too low or high EC suppressed plant growth, owing to abiotic stress (either nutrient deficiency or salinity), since the plants had to regulate the activities of AE and increase the accumulation of osmolytes to adjust to the abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.H.); (H.J.)
- Shanghai Dushi Green Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Tingting Qian
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Lizhong He
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Haijun Jin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.H.); (H.J.)
- Shanghai Dushi Green Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jizhu Yu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Q.); (L.H.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (J.Y.)
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Chen CJ, Miao YH, Fang Y, Guo LP, Zeng Y, Liu DH. [Content of mineral elements in different Artemisia argyi germplasms and their relationship with quality properties]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:880-888. [PMID: 35285186 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211108.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the content characteristics of mineral elements in different Artemisia argyi germplasm resources and their relationship with the quality properties of Artemisiae Argyi Folium, this study measured the content of 10 mineral elements including nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), aluminum(Al), manganese(Mn), iron(Fe), copper(Cu), and zinc(Zn) in 100 Artemisia argyi germplasm samples. Besides, their relationship with the quality properties of Artemisiae Argyi Folium was explored by correlation analysis, path analysis, and cluster analysis. The results demonstrated that the variation coefficient of the 10 mineral elements in Artemisiae Argyi Folium ranged from 12.23% to 64.38%, and the genetic diversity index from 0.97 to 3.09. The genetic diversities of N, P, and Zn were obvious. As revealed by the correlation analysis, N, P, and K showed strong positive correlations with each other. Except that Mg and Al were negatively correlated, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were positively correlated. The correlation analysis of mineral elements with the quality properties of Artemisiae Argyi Folium proved the significant correlations of 17 pairs of characters. According to the path analysis, P, K, Ca, and Mn greatly affected the yield of Artemisiae Argyi Folium, P, K, and Mg the output rate of moxa, N, P, and K the content of total volatile oil, P and K the content of eucalyptol, and P, K, and Ca the content of eupatilin. The 100 germplasm samples were clustered into three groups. Specifically, in cluster Ⅰ, the enrichment capacity of P, K, and Mg elements was strong, and the comprehensive properties of mineral elements were better, implying good development potential. Ca, Mn, Fe, and Zn elements in cluster Ⅱ and N and Al in cluster Ⅲ displayed strong enrichment capacities. This study has provided new ideas for resource evaluation and variety breeding of A. argyi and also reference for fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jie Chen
- Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yu-Huan Miao
- Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- China Merchants Group Health Industry(Qichun) Co., Ltd. Huanggang 435300, China
| | - Da-Hui Liu
- Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine Wuhan 430065, China
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Huang Z, Liu X, Li Z, Cui L, Liu C, Wang W, Hu Y, Chen B. The Associations of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids with Whole Blood Mineral Elements in Children. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 35276976 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Minerals play important biological roles in lipid metabolism. The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationships between erythrocyte fatty acids (FAs) levels with whole blood mineral elements concentrations among Chinese children. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 435 children aged 4−7 years were recruited. Whole blood mineral elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry and erythrocyte FAs composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Results. There were direct correlations between Zn and C18:2n-6 (FDR corrected p = 0.019), total n-6 PUFAs (FDR corrected p = 0.034), and total PUFAs (FDR corrected p = 0.034). Direct correlations were found between whole blood Zn and C18:1n-9 (FDR corrected p = 0.035), C24:1n-9 (FDR corrected p = 0.023), total MUFAs (FDR corrected p = 0.023), and C18:2n-6 (FDR corrected p = 0.048) in the Cu < P50 group. In the Cu ≥ P50 group, Mg was inversely related to most FAs (All FDR corrected p < 0.05). In the Zn < P50 group, Cu was directly related to C24:1n-9, total MUFAs, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, total n-3 PUFAs, C20:4n-6, total n-6 PUFAs, total PUFAs, and total FAs (All FDR corrected p < 0.05). Conclusions. Whole blood Cu and Zn levels were directly linked to several FAs levels in the erythrocytes of children. The interactions of Mg, Cu, and Zn with fatty acids may affect FA metabolism, in which Mg influences FA absorption.
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Zhang J, Nie J, Zhang L, Xu G, Zheng H, Shen Y, Kuang L, Gao X, Zhang H. Multielement authentication of apples from the cold highlands in southwest China. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:241-249. [PMID: 34081336 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Half of all apple production worldwide comes from China. However, the geographic authentication of Chinese apples has not been well studied. We highlight the multi-element-based geographical discrimination of apples from the southwest cold highlands (SCH) of China. 565 samples from the SCH (138) and others (427) were obtained, and the content of fifteen elements were applied to construct models for discrimination. RESULTS The SCH apples from 2017 to 2019 had higher concentrations of Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd, Se, Pb, and Fe, but lower concentrations of Na, B, Ni, and P. With sufficient training, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) discriminated the SCH, and the testing accuracy averaged 92.5% and 92.2%. Nonlinear discrimination models were more suitable than the linear models. Optimized random forest analysis was the model with the best fit, and with averaged training and testing it obtained a level of accuracy of 98.2% and 98.5%. CONCLUSION The multielement-based discrimination of SCH apples could aid further studies of geographical origins. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
| | - Jiyun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangbin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Baotou Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Baotou, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
| | - Haidong Zheng
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
| | - Youming Shen
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
| | - Lixue Kuang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
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Crupi R, Lo Turco V, Gugliandolo E, Nava V, Potortì AG, Cuzzocrea S, Di Bella G, Licata P. Mineral Composition in Delactosed Dairy Products: Quality and Safety Status. Foods 2022; 11:139. [PMID: 35053871 PMCID: PMC8774491 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineral elements are ingested through the diet (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb, and Bi). Essential minerals have structural, biochemical, nutritional and catalytic functions; therefore, they are fundamental for human health. In this research, thirty commercial delactosed dairy products from different varieties were supplied by various markets in Sicily (Italy), and their mineral contents were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with the following aims: (1) to highlight the differences among various products; (2) to evaluate if it is possibly related to the analyzed samples of their product group; (3) to evaluate the nutritional quality and safety related to intake of these dairy products. Evident differences were found among the samples depending on the type of product. A good separation between mozzarella-on the one hand-and crescenza and primo sale-on the other-was observed. The mozzarella samples were distinguished by the higher Fe, V and Co contents, and the lower amount of Al. Based on shares of the RDA, the analyzed dairy samples are a good source of Ca (up to 58% of the nutrient reference values), with a relatively high concentration of Na (between 5.5% and 22%). Any safety risk for consumers due to exposures to toxic elements through analyzed samples is excluded. The obtained results give reason to expect further insight concerning the direct comparison between the delactosed and non-delactosed product, in order to evaluate if the manufacturing process can affect the content of some mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (V.N.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (V.N.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (V.N.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Chibiofaram Department, University of Messina, Polo Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (V.L.T.); (V.N.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo SS Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (P.L.)
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Wang L, Xiong F, Yang L, Wang B, Zhou G. Major Chemical Compounds and Mineral Elements of Astragalus membranaceus Cultivated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with Different Planting Densities. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100778. [PMID: 34904789 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is a well-known herb that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, its commercial development has been limited due to wild resource shortages. This study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to assess the effect of planting density on the major chemical compounds and mineral elements and biomass yield of A. membranaceus. The biomass yield (7,700.956 kg) reached the maximum at M2 planting density in 2018. In 2019, astragaloside IV reached its maximum concentration (0.117 %) at M2 group, which was significantly different from the concentrations obtained at the other groups. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (0.062 %) reach its maximum concentration in 2019 at M5, but not significant with M2. The concentration of major chemical compounds among the five groups in 2018 and 2019 all conformed to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standards. In 2018, the mineral elements (Al, Ba, Fe, Li and Mn) content was higher at M2 than other groups. However, a general decrease in the mineral elements content was observed at M2 group in 2019. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that the enrichment capacity was highest for phosphorus. In conclusion, according to the TOPSIS results, M2 planting density was recommended as the optimal application. For optimal economic benefits, A. membranaceus should be harvested when it is 2 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lucun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
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Li J, Li QH, Zhang XY, Zhang LY, Zhao PL, Wen T, Zhang JQ, Xu WL, Guo F, Zhao H, Wang Y, Wang P, Ni DJ, Wang ML. Exploring the Effects of Magnesium Deficiency on the Quality Constituents of Hydroponic-Cultivated Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) Leaves. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:14278-14286. [PMID: 34797979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) plays important roles in photosynthesis, sucrose partitioning, and biomass allocation in plants. However, the specific mechanisms of tea plant response to Mg deficiency remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of Mg deficiency on the quality constituents of tea leaves. Our results showed that the short-term (7 days) Mg deficiency partially elevated the concentrations of polyphenols, free amino acids, and caffeine but decreased the contents of chlorophyll and Mg. However, long-term (30 days) Mg-deficient tea displayed decreased contents of these constituents. Particularly, Mg deficiency increased the index of catechins' bitter taste and the ratio of total polyphenols to total free amino acids. Moreover, the transcription of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoid, caffeine, and theanine was differentially affected by Mg deficiency. Additionally, short-term Mg deficiency induced global transcriptome change in tea leaves, in which a total of 2522 differentially expressed genes were identified involved in secondary metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and chlorophyll metabolism. These results may help to elucidate why short-term Mg deficiency partially improves the quality constituents of tea, while long-term Mg-deficient tea may taste more bitter, more astringent, and less umami.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Luan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Jiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Le Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China (Ministry of Agriculture), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Golubkina N, Moldovan A, Fedotov M, Kekina H, Kharchenko V, Folmanis G, Alpatov A, Caruso G. Iodine and Selenium Biofortification of Chervil Plants Treated with Silicon Nanoparticles. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2528. [PMID: 34834890 PMCID: PMC8618568 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Production of functional food with high levels of selenium (Se) and iodine (I) obtained via plant biofortification shows significant difficulties due to the complex interaction between the two elements. Taking into account the known beneficial effect of silicon (Si) on plant growth and development, single and joint foliar biofortification of chervil plants with potassium iodide (150 mg L-1) and sodium selenate (10 mg L-1) was carried out in a pot experiment with and without Si nanoparticles foliar supplementation. Compared to control plants, nano-Si (14 mg L-1) increased shoot biomass in all treatments: by 4.8 times with Si; by 2.8 times with I + Si; by 5.6 times with Se + Si; by 4.0 times with I + Se + Si. The correspondent increases in root biomass were 4.5, 8.7, 13.3 and 10.0 times, respectively. The growth stimulation effect of Se, I and I + Se treatments resulted in a 2.7, 3.5 and 3.6 times increase for chervil shoots and 1.6, 3.1 and 8.6 times for roots, respectively. Nano-Si improved I biofortification levels by twice, while I and Se enhanced the plant content of each other. All treatments decreased nitrate levels, compared to control, and increased the photopigment accumulation. Improvement of total antioxidant activity and phenolic content was recorded only under the joint application of Se + I + Si. Foliar nano-Si treatment affected other element content in plants: decreased Na+ accumulation in single and joint supplementation with Se and I, restored Fe, Mn and Cr amount compared to the decreased levels recorded in separately Se and I fortified plants and promoted Al accumulation both with or without Se and I biofortification. The results of this research suggest high prospects of foliar nano-Si supply for enhancing both growth and joint I/Se biofortification of chervil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Golubkina
- Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Moscow 143072, Russia; (A.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Anastasia Moldovan
- Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Moscow 143072, Russia; (A.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Mikhail Fedotov
- A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science, Leninsky Pr. 49, Moscow 119334, Russia; (M.F.); (G.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Helene Kekina
- Department of Hygiene, Medical Postgraduate Academy, Moscow 123995, Russia;
| | - Viktor Kharchenko
- Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Moscow 143072, Russia; (A.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Gundar Folmanis
- A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science, Leninsky Pr. 49, Moscow 119334, Russia; (M.F.); (G.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrey Alpatov
- A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science, Leninsky Pr. 49, Moscow 119334, Russia; (M.F.); (G.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Gianluca Caruso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy;
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Tsehay S, Ortiz R, Geleta M, Bekele E, Tesfaye K, Johansson E. Nutritional Profile of the Ethiopian Oilseed Crop Noug ( Guizotia abyssinica Cass.): Opportunities for Its Improvement as a Source for Human Nutrition. Foods 2021; 10:1778. [PMID: 34441555 PMCID: PMC8393925 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of noug as a source for human nutrition. Diverse noug genotypes were evaluated for their content and/or composition of total lipids, fatty acids, proteins, and minerals using standard methods. The total lipid content (32.5-45.7%) and the proportion of an essential fatty acid, linoleic acid (72.2-77.8%), were high in noug, compared to other oilseed crops. The proportion of oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, was low in noug (5.2-9.2%). The breeding objective of increasing the oleic acid level in the highland, where noug is mainly cultivated, was limited, as the content of this acid was low in this environment. The seed protein concentration (25.4-27.5%) and mineral content were mainly affected by the cultivation environment, as the high temperature increased the amount of protein, whereas the soil condition was a major factor in the variation of the mineral content. Thus, noug is a unique crop with a high seed oil content, of which a high proportion is linoleic acid. With the exception of the seed oleic acid content, when grown in low-altitude areas, the genotypic variation contributes less than the cultivation environment to the nutritional attributes of noug. Hence, high-oleic-acid noug for lowland production can be targeted as a breeding goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewalem Tsehay
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (S.T.); (R.O.); (E.J.)
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (S.T.); (R.O.); (E.J.)
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (S.T.); (R.O.); (E.J.)
| | - Endashaw Bekele
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (E.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia; (E.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden; (S.T.); (R.O.); (E.J.)
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Núñez L, Serratosa MP, Godoy A, Fariña L, Dellacassa E, Moyano L. Comparison of physicochemical properties, amino acids, mineral elements, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of Cuban fruit and rice wines. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3673-3682. [PMID: 34262726 PMCID: PMC8269667 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical characterization, amino acids contents, minerals composition, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of Cuban wines from different raw materials were studied. The wines studied were grape wines, tropical fruit wines, and rice wines. Twenty-one amino acids were identified and quantified, being Asp and Glu detected in all wines. The highest concentration of total amino acid content was found in wines elaborated from Cimarrona grape subjected to maceration with grape skins, while the raisined mixture grape wine presented the lowest values, probably caused by the amino acid degradation during the dehydration process by sun exposure. Minerals quantified were range amount limits of acceptable according to the OIV recommendation. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity showed the greatest values in wine from roasting rice. No statistical separation could be clearly observed by multivariate principal component analysis; however, 3 wine groups could be defined taking account the scores on the PC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Núñez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaEspaña
| | - María P. Serratosa
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaEspaña
| | - Ana Godoy
- Food Science and Technology DepartmentFaculty of ChemistryMontevideoUruguay
| | - Laura Fariña
- Food Science and Technology DepartmentFaculty of ChemistryMontevideoUruguay
| | - Eduardo Dellacassa
- Food Science and Technology DepartmentFaculty of ChemistryMontevideoUruguay
| | - Lourdes Moyano
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Soil Science and MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaEspaña
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Laužikė K, Uselis N, Samuolienė G. The Influence of Rootstock and High-Density Planting on Apple cv. Auksis Fruit Quality. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1253. [PMID: 34203040 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Global demand for food is increasing each year, but the area of land suitable for farming is limited. Thus, there is a need to grow not only larger quantities of food but also higher quality food products in the same area. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of rootstock and high-density orchards on cv. Auksis fruit quality. Two rootstocks were selected for this experiment, P 22 super dwarfing and P 60 dwarfing. Apple trees cv. Auksis were planted in the year 2001 in single rows spaced 1.00 m, 0.75 m, and 0.50 m, apart with 3 m between rows. High-density planting and rootstock combination was found to have no significant effect on sugar accumulation and most of the elements in apple fruits. However, super dwarfing P 22 rootstock accumulated significantly higher (up to 45%) content of organic acids and up to 33%-44% lower DPPH free radical scavering activity compared to P 60 dwarfing rootstock. After summarizing the obtained results, apples which accumulated the most antioxidants (according to the activity of phenolic compounds, DPPH• and ABTS•), magnesium, and potassium were collected from cv. Auksis apple trees which was grafted on super dwarfing P 22 rootstock and planted at 3 × 0.75 m distances.
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Gao H, Wang G, Wang Z. [Fast determination of mineral elements in wheat flour by near-infrared spectroscopy]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2021; 50:495-500. [PMID: 34074375 DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Near-infrared(NIR) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares(PLS) were applied to establish a rapid method for green direct determination of mineral elements(calcium, phosphorus and potassium) in wheat flour samples. METHODS NIR spectra and analytical measurements of calcium, phosphorus and potassium were collected from 117 wheat flour samples with different processing levels(whole grain wheat, special grade No. 1 wheat and wheat core flour). Principal components analysis(PCA) was developed to assign 81 wheat flour samples to build models and 36 samples as the validation set to evaluate the performance of the developed models. The influence of wavelength range and spectral preprocessing method on the predictive ability of the model were discussed, and the best models were selected. RESULTS For calcium, the best NIR model showed a good prediction performance(r~2=0. 7907, RMSEP=5. 35, RPD=2. 19); the best NIR model for phosphorus gave an excellent prediction performance(r~2=0. 9777, RMSEP=15. 3, RPD=6. 71); the best model for potassium also gave an excellent prediction performance(r~2=0. 9777, RMSEP=18. 9, RPD=6. 84). CONCLUSION NIR spectroscopy can realize the rapid prediction of mineral elements(calcium, phosphorus and potassium) in wheat flour. By selecting the wavelength range and spectral preprocessing method, the prediction ability of the NIR model can be significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Zhao R, Su M, Zhao Y, Chen G, Chen A, Yang S. Chemical Analysis Combined with Multivariate Statistical Methods to Determine the Geographical Origin of Milk from Four Regions in China. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051119. [PMID: 34070041 PMCID: PMC8158098 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traceability of milk origin in China is conducive to the implementation of the protection of regional products. In order to distinguish milk from different geographical distances in China, we traced the milk of eight farms in four neighboring provinces of China (Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Hebei, Ningxia Hui autonomous and Shaanxi), and multivariate data analysis was applied to the data including elemental analysis, stable isotope analysis and fatty acid analysis. In addition, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) is used to determine the optimal classification model, and it is explored whether the combination of different technologies is better than a single technical analysis. It was confirmed that in the inter-provincial samples, the combination of the two techniques was better than the analysis using a single technique (fatty acids: R2 = 0.716, Q2 = 0.614; fatty acid-binding isotopes: R2 = 0.760, Q2 = 0.635). At the same time, milk produced by farms with different distances of less than 11 km in each province was discriminated, and the discriminant distance was successfully reduced to 0.7 km (Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region: the distance between the two farms was 0.7 km, R2 = 0.771, Q2 = 0.631). For short-distance samples, the combination multiple technologies are not completely superior to a single technique, and sometimes, it is easy to cause model over-fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruting Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.Z.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meicheng Su
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.Z.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.Z.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.Z.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ailiang Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.Z.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.Z.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
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