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Malekian M, Fahimi H, Niri NM, Khaleghi S. Development of Novel Chimeric Endolysin Conjugated with Chitosan-Zn-Metal-Organic Framework Nanocomposites with Antibacterial Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:616-631. [PMID: 37166650 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases have been considered the most crucial issue and are threatening human health all around the world. Also, resistance to antimicrobial drugs has become a big hurdle against efficient therapy. As a result, recombinant chimeric endolysin was produced in E. coli host to use as a potential antibacterial agent against bacteria resistance and replacement to conventional antibiotics in this study. Then, chitosan (C)-coated nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (CS-NMOFs) nanocomposite was synthesized as a novel nano delivery system to further improve the antibacterial activity of endolysin. After characterization of nanocomposite with analytical devices such as FT-IR, DLS, and TEM and determining the nanometric size of samples (30 nm to 90 nm), endolysin was covalently (endolysin-CS-NMOFs (C)) and non-covalently (endolysin-CS-NMOFs (NC)) conjugated to nanocomposite. Thereafter, the lytic ability, synergistic interaction, and biofilm reduction manner of endolysin-containing CS-NMOF nanocomposites were evaluated on E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa strains. The results depicted an excellent lytic ability of nanocomposites after 24 h and 48 h of treatment, especially endolysin-CS-NMOFs (NC) on E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains. The synergistic interaction between nanocomposite and vancomycin did not attain for P. aeruginosa strain whereas the reverse was true for E. coli and S. aureus strains at 8 ng/mL concentration. Next, nanocomposites demonstrated potential biofilm reduction activities in various strains, especially in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Ultimately, our outputs demonstrate an efficient performance of the synthesized nanocomposite as an appropriate substitution for conventional antibiotics against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Malekian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Mousavi Niri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khaleghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Kaur M, Arya P, Chosyang S, Singh B. Comprehending conformational changes in EmrE, multidrug transporter at different pH: insights from molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38180013 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2298386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
EmrE is a small multidrug resistance (SMR) pump of antiparallel topology that confers resistance to a broad range of polyaromatic cations in Escherichia coli. Atomic-level understanding of conformational changes for the selectivity of substrate and transport of a diverse array of drugs through the smallest known efflux pumps is crucial to multi-drug resistance. Therefore, the present study aims to provide insights into conformational changes during the transport through EmrE transporter at different pH. Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out on the complete structure of EmrE in the absence of substrate. Computational analyses such as secondary structure, principal component, dynamic cross-correlation matrix, and hydrogen bond calculations have been performed. Analysis of MD trajectories in this study revealed pH-dependent interactions that influenced the structural dynamics of EmrE. Notably, at high pH, Glu14 and Tyr60 in both monomers formed electrostatic interactions, while these interactions decreased significantly at a low pH. Interestingly, a kink at helix 3 (H3) and dual open conformation of EmrE at low pH were also observed in contrast to a closed state discerned towards the periplasmic side at high pH. Significant interactions between C-terminal residues and residues at the edge of H1 & Loop1 and H3 & Loop3 were identified, suggesting their role in stabilizing the closed conformation of EmrE at the periplasmic end under high pH conditions. The present study enhances our understanding of EmrE's conformational changes, shedding light on the pH-dependent mechanisms that are likely to impact its function in multi-drug resistance.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Preeti Arya
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Stanzin Chosyang
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Balvinder Singh
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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3
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Abbasi P, Fahimi H, Khaleghi S. Novel Chimeric Endolysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanocomplex as a Potential Inhibitor Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:478-490. [PMID: 37140784 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobial agents has created potential problems in finding efficient treatments against bacteria. Thus, using new therapeutics, such as recombinant chimeric endolysin, would be more beneficial for eliminating resistant bacteria. The treatment ability of these therapeutics can be further improved if they are used with biocompatible nanoparticles like chitosan (CS). In this work, covalently conjugated chimeric endolysin to CS nanoparticles (C) and non-covalently entrapped endolysin in CS nanoparticles (NC) were effectively developed and, consequently, qualified and quantified using analytical devices, including FT-IR, dynamic light scattering, and TEM. Eighty to 150 nm and 100 nm to 200 nm in diameter were measured for CS-endolysin (NC) and CS-endolysin (C) using a TEM, respectively. The lytic activity, synergistic interaction, and biofilm reduction potency of nano-complexes were investigated on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains. The outputs revealed a good lytic activity of nano-complexes after 24 h and 48 h of treatment, especially in P. aeruginosa (approximately 40% cell viability after 48 h of treatment with 8 ng/mL), and potential biofilm reduction performance was attained in E. coli strains (about 70% reduction after treatment with 8 ng/mL). The synergistic interaction between nano-complexes and vancomycin was exhibited in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus strains at 8 ng/mL concentrations, while the synergistic effects of pure endolysin and vancomycin were not remarkable in E. coli strains. These nano-complexes would be more beneficial in suppressing the bacteria with a high level of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1916893813, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khaleghi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1916893813, Iran.
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Hyung S, Ko J, Heo YJ, Blum SM, Kim ST, Park SH, Park JO, Kang WK, Lim HY, Klempner SJ, Lee J. Patient-derived exosomes facilitate therapeutic targeting of oncogenic MET in advanced gastric cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1098. [PMID: 38000030 PMCID: PMC10672184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal metastases and malignant ascites continues to have poor prognosis. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication during cancer progression and promote therapeutic resistance. Here, we report the significance of exosomes derived from malignant ascites (EXOAscites) in cancer progression and use modified exosomes as resources for cancer therapy. EXOAscites from patients with GC stimulated invasiveness and angiogenesis in an ex vivo three-dimensional autologous tumor spheroid microfluidic system. EXOAscites concentration increased invasiveness, and blockade of their secretion suppressed tumor progression. In MET-amplified GC, EXOAscites contain abundant MET; their selective delivery to tumor cells enhanced angiogenesis and invasiveness. Exosomal MET depletion substantially reduced invasiveness; an additive therapeutic effect was induced when combined with MET and/or VEGFR2 inhibition in a patient-derived MET-amplified GC model. Allogeneic MET-harboring exosome delivery induced invasion and angiogenesis in a MET non-amplified GC model. MET-amplified patient tissues showed higher exosome concentration than their adjacent normal tissues. Manipulating exosome content and production may be a promising complementary strategy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hyung
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Steven M. Blum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nicolosi D, Petronio Petronio G, Russo S, Di Naro M, Cutuli MA, Russo C, Di Marco R. Innovative Phospholipid Carriers: A Viable Strategy to Counteract Antimicrobial Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15934. [PMID: 37958915 PMCID: PMC10648799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria strains, usually associated with poorer patient outcomes and higher costs. In order to preserve the usefulness of these life-saving drugs, it is crucial to use them appropriately, as also recommended by the WHO. Moreover, innovative, safe, and more effective approaches are being investigated, aiming to revise drug treatments to improve their pharmacokinetics and distribution and to reduce the onset of drug resistance. Globally, to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), guidelines and indications have been developed over time, aimed at narrowing the use and diminishing the environmental spread of these life-saving molecules by optimizing prescriptions, dosage, and times of use, as well as investing resources into obtaining innovative formulations with better pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic results. This has led to the development of new nano-formulations as drug delivery vehicles, characterized by unique structural properties, biocompatible natures, and targeted activities such as state-of-the-art phospholipid particles generally grouped as liposomes, virosomes, and functionalized exosomes, which represent an attractive and innovative delivery approach. Liposomes and virosomes are chemically synthesized carriers that utilize phospholipids whose nature is predetermined based on their use, with a long track record as drug delivery systems. Exosomes are vesicles naturally released by cells, which utilize the lipids present in their cellular membranes only, and therefore, are highly biocompatible, with investigations as a delivery system having a more recent origin. This review will summarize the state of the art on microvesicle research, liposomes, virosomes, and exosomes, as useful and effective tools to tackle the threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Nicolosi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (D.N.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Giulio Petronio Petronio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.P.P.); (M.A.C.); (C.R.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Stefano Russo
- Division of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Heidelberg University (HBIGS), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Di Naro
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (D.N.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Marco Alfio Cutuli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.P.P.); (M.A.C.); (C.R.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.P.P.); (M.A.C.); (C.R.); (R.D.M.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario in Ingegneria e Medicina (COIIM), Azienda Sanitaria Regionale del Molise ASReM, UOC Governance del Farmaco, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (G.P.P.); (M.A.C.); (C.R.); (R.D.M.)
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Liu R, Yuan S, Chen Y, Li W, Lu X, Tong Y, Hou L, Chen L, Sun G. Characterization and Molecular Mechanism of Aminoglycoside-6-Adenyl Transferase Associated with Aminoglycoside Resistance from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5523-5534. [PMID: 37638067 PMCID: PMC10460174 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s423418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (EM) is a multi-drug-resistant bacterium of global concern for its role in nosocomial infection and is generally resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics. In the whole genome of an EM strain (FMS-007), an aminoglycoside-6-adenyl transferase gene (ant(6)FMS-007) was predicted. This study aimed to characterize the biochemical function of ANT(6)FMS-007 and analyze the relationship between genotype and phenotype of ant(6) in clinical EM isolates, so as to provide evidence for clinical precision drug use. This study could establish a method for the verification of known or unknown functionally resistant genes. Methods A total of 42 EM clinical isolates were collected from clinical departments during 2015-2023. The phenotype of aminoglycoside antibiotics was analyzed by broth microdilution (BMD) and Kirby-Bauer (K-B) methods. The whole-length ant(6) from EM clinical isolates was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The biochemical function of predictive ANT(6)FMS-007 from the FMS-007 whole genome was identified by 3D plate experiment and mass spectrometry analysis. Candidate active sites were predicted by multi-species sequence alignment and molecular docking, and other important sites were identified in the comparison of ant(6) genotypes and phenotypes of EM clinical isolates. Drug susceptibility test was used to verify the function of these sites. Results The predictive ANT(6)FMS-007 protein could inactivate STR by modifying STR with ATP to form STR-AMP. Four active sites (Asp-38, Asp-42, Lys-95, and Lys-213) of ANT(6)FMS-007 were identified. Thirty-one EM clinical isolates (74%) carried the ant(6) gene. Eight EM clinical isolates containing the ant(6) gene had MIC values (<=32μg/mL) lower by at least 16-fold than FMS-007 (512μg/mL) for STR, and N59H and K204Q were the common mutations in the ant(6) gene. Conclusion This assay verified the biochemical function of the predictive gene ant(6)FMS-007 and could provide an alternative method to study resistant gene function in multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The inconsistency between genotype and phenotype of resistant genes indicated that the combination of resistance gene detection and functional analysis could better provide precision medicine for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxing Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuying Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Chen
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Li
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guiqin Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Moorthy K, Chang KC, Yang HH, Su WM, Chiang CK, Yuan Z. Recent developments in detection and therapeutic approaches for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. J Food Drug Anal 2023; 31:1-19. [PMID: 37224551 PMCID: PMC10208662 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the widespread emergence and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the therapeutic benefits of antibiotics have been reduced. In addition, the ongoing evolution of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a challenge for the scientific community to develop sensitive analytical methods and innovative antimicrobial agents for the detection and treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this review, we have described the antibiotic resistance mechanisms that occur in bacteria and summarized the recent developments in detection strategies for monitoring drug resistance using different diagnostic methods in three aspects, including electrostatic attraction, chemical reaction, and probe-free analysis. Additionally, to understand the effective inhibition of drug-resistant bacterial growth by recent nano-antibiotics, the underlying antimicrobial mechanisms and efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles and antimicrobial peptides, which have shown promise, and the rationale, design, and potential improvements to these methods are also highlighted in this review. Finally, the primary challenges and future trends in the rational design of facile sensing platforms and novel antibacterial agents against superbugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Chih Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970,
Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsueh-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 970,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Min Su
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Kang Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, 97401,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhiqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029,
China
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XENOFOOD—An Autoclaved Feed Supplement Containing Autoclavable Antimicrobial Peptides—Exerts Anticoccidial GI Activity, and Causes Bursa Enlargement, but Has No Detectable Harmful Effects in Broiler Cockerels despite In Vitro Detectable Cytotoxicity on LHM Cells. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030458. [PMID: 36986380 PMCID: PMC10059668 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic bacteria are obligate symbionts of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species. These bacteria biosynthesize and release non-ribosomal-templated hybrid peptides (NR-AMPs), with strong, and large-spectral antimicrobial potential, capable of inactivating pathogens belonging to different prokaryote, and eukaryote taxa. The cell-free conditioned culture media (CFCM) of Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii efficiently inactivate poultry pathogens like Clostridium, Histomonas, and Eimeria. To learn whether a bio-preparation containing antimicrobial peptides of Xenorhabdus origin with accompanying (in vitro detectable) cytotoxic effects could be considered a safely applicable preventive feed supplement, we conducted a 42-day feeding experiment on freshly hatched broiler cockerels. XENOFOOD (containing autoclaved X. budapestensis, and X. szentirmaii cultures developed on chicken food) were consumed by the birds. The XENOFOOD exerted detectable gastrointestinal (GI) activity (reducing the numbers of the colony-forming Clostridium perfringens units in the lower jejunum. No animal was lost in the experiment. Neither the body weight, growth rate, feed-conversion ratio, nor organ-weight data differed between the control (C) and treated (T) groups, indicating that the XENOFOOD diet did not result in any detectable adverse effects. We suppose that the parameters indicating a moderate enlargement of bursas of Fabricius (average weight, size, and individual bursa/spleen weight-ratios) in the XENOFOOD-fed group must be an indirect indication that the bursa-controlled humoral immune system neutralized the cytotoxic ingredients of the XENOFOOD in the blood, not allowing to reach their critical cytotoxic concentration in the sensitive tissues.
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Recent Approaches for Downplaying Antibiotic Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:5250040. [PMID: 36726844 PMCID: PMC9886476 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5250040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a ubiquitous public health menace. AMR emergence causes complications in treating infections contributing to an upsurge in the mortality rate. The epidemic of AMR in sync with a high utilization rate of antimicrobial drugs signifies an alarming situation for the fleet recovery of both animals and humans. The emergence of resistant species calls for new treatments and therapeutics. Current records propose that health drug dependency, veterinary medicine, agricultural application, and vaccination reluctance are the primary etymology of AMR gene emergence and spread. Recently, several encouraging avenues have been presented to contest resistance, such as antivirulent therapy, passive immunization, antimicrobial peptides, vaccines, phage therapy, and botanical and liposomal nanoparticles. Most of these therapies are used as cutting-edge methodologies to downplay antibacterial drugs to subdue the resistance pressure, which is a featured motive of discussion in this review article. AMR can fade away through the potential use of current cutting-edge therapeutics, advancement in antimicrobial susceptibility testing, new diagnostic testing, prompt clinical response, and probing of new pharmacodynamic properties of antimicrobials. It also needs to promote future research on contemporary methods to maintain host homeostasis after infections caused by AMR. Referable to the microbial ability to break resistance, there is a great ultimatum for using not only appropriate and advanced antimicrobial drugs but also other neoteric diverse cutting-edge therapeutics.
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Haryani Y, Halid NA, Guat GS, Nor-Khaizura MAR, Hatta MAM, Sabri S, Radu S, Hasan H. High prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in fermented food-associated lactic acid bacteria in Malaysia. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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The Role of Microorganisms and Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratios for Microbial Protein Production from Bioethanol. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0118822. [PMID: 36286523 PMCID: PMC9680612 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01188-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global protein demand is rapidly increasing at rates that cannot be sustained, with projections showing 78% increased global protein needs by 2050 (361 compared to 202 million ton
protein
/year in 2017). In the absence of dedicated mitigation strategies, the environmental effects of our current food production system (relying on agriculture) are expected to surpass the planetary boundaries—the safe operating space for humanity—by 2050.
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Fodor A, Méhi O, Brivio M. Editorial: Antimicrobial peptides and mRNA therapy: Clinical, Veterinary, and plant pathology perspectives with special attention to combatting MDR pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1030874. [PMID: 36187984 PMCID: PMC9524150 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- *Correspondence: András Fodor ;
| | - Orsolya Méhi
- Post-Doctoral Researcher Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maurizio Brivio
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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13
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Chen X, Han J, Wang S. Integrated evolutionary analysis reveals the resistance risk to antimicrobial peptides in Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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Tang H, Zhou H, Zhang R. Antibiotic Resistance and Mechanisms of Pathogenic Bacteria in Tubo-Ovarian Abscess. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:958210. [PMID: 35967860 PMCID: PMC9363611 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.958210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a common type of inflammatory lump in clinical practice. TOA is an important, life-threatening disease, and it has become more common in recent years, posing a major health risk to women. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are necessary to cover the most likely pathogens because the pathogens that cause TOA are polymicrobial. However, the response rate of antibiotic treatment is about 70%, whereas one-third of patients have poor clinical consequences and they require drainage or surgery. Rising antimicrobial resistance serves as a significant reason for the unsatisfactory medical outcomes. It is important to study the antibiotic resistance mechanism of TOA pathogens in solving the problems of multi-drug resistant strains. This paper focuses on the most common pathogenic bacteria isolated from TOA specimens and discusses the emerging trends and epidemiology of resistant Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and gram-positive anaerobic cocci. Besides that, new methods that aim to solve the antibiotic resistance of related pathogens are discussed, such as CRISPR, nanoparticles, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and pathogen-specific monoclonal antibodies. Through this review, we hope to reveal the current situation of antibiotic resistance of common TOA pathogens, relevant mechanisms, and possible antibacterial strategies, providing references for the clinical treatment of drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanna Tang
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Zhou, ; Runju Zhang,
| | - Runju Zhang
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Zhou, ; Runju Zhang,
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15
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Kichana E, Addy F, Dufailu OA. Genetic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from household water sources in northern Ghana. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2022; 20:770-780. [PMID: 35635771 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microbial quality of household water is an important issue in developing countries, especially in Ghana, where many people still depend on unimproved sources of water. The present study investigated the prevalence, genetic characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli from surface water sources. Fifty-two water samples were analyzed by using a spread plate, a biochemical test, and multiplex polymerase chain reactions. E. coli was isolated from each of the 52 water samples. Of these isolates, 75% were noted to possess virulence genes. Approximately 54% of the isolates were characterized as follows: enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC, 10.26%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC, 17.95%), verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC, 23.07%), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC, 2.57%). Eighteen of the fifty-two isolates could not be characterized due to heterogeneity in banding. The disc diffusion method was used to test for antimicrobial susceptibility. The isolates were most resistant to ceftazidime, augmentin, and cefuroxime. Multidrug resistance was recorded in 48.1% of the isolates. In contrast, the isolates were most susceptible to ciprofloxacin (86.5%), nitrofurantoin (84.6%), and ofloxacin (75%). These results revealed a high diversity and widespread of E. coli in northern Ghana. The study provides important data for public health nationwide surveillance of E. coli in surface water across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Kichana
- Regional Water Quality Laboratory, World Vision Ghana, No. 3 Kotei Robertson Road, North Industrial Area, North Kaneshie, PMB Accra, Ghana E-mail:
| | - Francis Addy
- Department of Biotechnology, University for Development Studies, Tamale NL-1142-8658, Ghana
| | - Osman Adamu Dufailu
- Department of Microbiology, University for Development Studies, Tamale NL-1142-8658, Ghana
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16
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de Oliveira Santos JV, da Costa Júnior SD, de Fátima Ramos Dos Santos Medeiros SM, Cavalcanti IDL, de Souza JB, Coriolano DL, da Silva WRC, Alves MHME, Cavalcanti IMF. Panorama of Bacterial Infections Caused by Epidemic Resistant Strains. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:175. [PMID: 35488983 PMCID: PMC9055366 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical obstacle to public health worldwide, due to the high incidence of strains resistant to available antibiotic therapies. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of resistant epidemic strains, associated with this, public health authorities have been alarmed about a possible scenario of uncontrolled dissemination of these microorganisms and the difficulty in interrupting their transmission, as nosocomial pathogens with resistance profiles previously considered sporadic. They become frequent bacteria in the community. In addition, therapy for infections caused by these pathogens is based on broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, which favors an increase in the tolerance of remaining bacterial cells and is commonly associated with a poor prognosis. In this review, we present the current status of epidemic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL), Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), and—New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NDM).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Dias da Costa Júnior
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Iago Dillion Lima Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Barbosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Davi Lacerda Coriolano
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Wagner Roberto Cirilo da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Menezes Estevam Alves
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, Rua Do Alto Do Reservatório S/N, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, CEP: 55608-680, Brazil.
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17
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Fodor A, Clarke DJ, Dillman AR, Tarasco E, Hazir S. Editorial: New Antimicrobial Peptides From Bacteria/Invertebrate Obligate Symbiotic Associations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862198. [PMID: 35350613 PMCID: PMC8957908 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David J Clarke
- School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adler R Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Eustachio Tarasco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Selcuk Hazir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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18
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Fodor A, Gualtieri M, Zeller M, Tarasco E, Klein MG, Fodor AM, Haynes L, Lengyel K, Forst SA, Furgani GM, Karaffa L, Vellai T. Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC). Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030342. [PMID: 35335666 PMCID: PMC8950435 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge, not only for public health, but also for sustainable agriculture. Antibiotics used in humans should be ruled out for use in veterinary or agricultural settings. Applying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) molecules, produced by soil-born organisms for protecting (soil-born) plants, seems a preferable alternative. The natural role of peptide-antimicrobials, produced by the prokaryotic partner of entomopathogenic-nematode/bacterium (EPN/EPB) symbiotic associations, is to sustain monoxenic conditions for the EPB in the gut of the semi-anabiotic infective dauer juvenile (IJ) EPN. They keep pathobiome conditions balanced for the EPN/EPB complex in polyxenic (soil, vanquished insect cadaver) niches. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM16338(T) (EMC), and X. budapestensis DSM16342(T) (EMA), are the respective natural symbionts of EPN species Steinernema rarum and S. bicornutum. We identified and characterized both of these 15 years ago. The functional annotation of the draft genome of EMC revealed 71 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and polyketide synthases. The large spatial Xenorhabdus AMP (fabclavine), was discovered in EMA, and its biosynthetic pathway in EMC. The AMPs produced by EMA and EMC are promising candidates for controlling MDR prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens (bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, protozoa). EMC releases large quantity of iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide) in a water-soluble form into the media, where it condenses to form spectacular water-insoluble, macroscopic crystals. This review evaluates the scientific impact of international research on EMA and EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(30)-490-9294
| | - Maxime Gualtieri
- Nosopharm, 110 Allée Charles Babbage, Espace Innovation 2, 30000 Nîmes, France;
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Eustachio Tarasco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Michael G. Klein
- USDA-ARS & Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 13416 Claremont Ave, Cleveland, OH 44130, USA;
| | - Andrea M. Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
| | - Leroy Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Katalin Lengyel
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition (NIPN), Zrinyi utca 3, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Steven A. Forst
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA;
| | - Ghazala M. Furgani
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13793, Libya
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Vogel J, Jansen L, Setroikromo R, Cavallo FM, van Dijl JM, Quax WJ. Fighting Acinetobacter baumannii infections with the acylase PvdQ. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Saeed DK, Farooqi J, Shakoor S, Hasan R. Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS priority pathogens from Pakistan: 2006-2018. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1231. [PMID: 34876041 PMCID: PMC8650393 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06795-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2018 Pakistan initiated its national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance aligned with Global Antimicrobial Surveillance System (GLASS). To complement this surveillance, we conducted a situational analysis of AMR rates among GLASS organisms in the country. Data from published studies and from antibiograms was compared and role of antibiograms as potential contributors to national AMR surveillance explored. Methods AMR rates for GLASS specified pathogen/antimicrobials combination from Pakistan were reviewed. Data sources included published studies (2006–2018) providing AMR rates from Pakistan (n = 54) as well as antibiograms (2011–2018) available on the Pakistan Antimicrobial Resistance Network (PARN) website. Resistance rates were categorized as follows: Very low: 0–10%, Low: 11–30%, Moderate: 30–50% and High: > 50%. Results Published data from hospital and community/laboratory-based studies report resistance rates of > 50% and 30–50% respectively to 3rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole amongst Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Carbapenem resistance rates amongst these organisms remained below 30%. High (> 50%) resistance was reported in Acinetobacter species to aminoglycosides and carbapenems among hospitalized patients. The evolution of ceftriaxone resistant Salmonella Typhi and Shigella species is reported. The data showed > 50% to fluoroquinolones amongst Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the spread of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (< 30%; 2008) to (> 50%; 2010) in hospital settings. Resistance reported in published studies aligned well with antibiogram data. The latter also captured a clear picture of evolution of resistance over the study period. Conclusion Both published studies as well antibiograms suggest high rates of AMR in Pakistan. Antibiogram data demonstrating steady increase in AMR highlight its potential role towards supplementing national AMR surveillance efforts particularly in settings where reach of national surveillance may be limited. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06795-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Khalid Saeed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Joveria Farooqi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Shakoor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Rumina Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan. .,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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21
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Colicchio R, Nigro E, Colavita I, Pagliuca C, Di Maro S, Tomassi S, Scaglione E, Carbone F, Carriero MV, Matarese G, Daniele A, Cosconati S, Pessi A, Salvatore F, Salvatore P. A novel smaller β-defensin-derived peptide is active against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22026. [PMID: 34818435 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002330rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a severe obstacle in the fight against acute and chronic infectious diseases that accompany most degenerative illnesses from neoplasia to osteo-arthritis and obesity. Currently, the race is on to identify pharmaceutical molecules or combinations of molecules able to prevent or reduce the insurgence and/or progression of infectivity. Attempts to substitute antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides have, thus far, met with little success against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. During the last decade, we designed and studied the activity and features of human β-defensin analogs, which are salt-resistant, and hence active also under high salt concentrations as, for instance, in cystic fibrosis. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and major features of a new 21 aa long molecule, peptide γ2. The latter derives from the γ-core of the β-defensin natural molecules, a small fragment of these molecules still bearing high antibacterial activity. We found that peptide γ2, which contains only one disulphide bond, recapitulates most of the biological properties of natural human β-defensins and can also counteract both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR bacterial strains and biofilm formation. Moreover, it has great stability in human serum thereby enhancing its antibacterial presence and activity without cytotoxicity in human cells. In conclusion, peptide γ2 is a promising new weapon also in the battle against intractable infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunata Carbone
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy.,Unità di Neuroimmunologia, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Tumor Progression Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione "G. Pascale" IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
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22
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Zhong Y, Li H, Li P, Chen Y, Zhang M, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Luo G, Fang Y, Li X. Exosomes: A New Pathway for Cancer Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743556. [PMID: 34631581 PMCID: PMC8497983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted into body fluids by multiple cell types and are enriched in bioactive molecules, although their exact contents depend on the cells of origin. Studies have shown that exosomes in the tumor microenvironment affect tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance by mediating intercellular communication and the transport of specific molecules, although their exact mechanisms of action need to be investigated further. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge on the relationship between tumor drug resistance and exosomes, and have discussed the potential applications of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Zhong
- Hand, Foot Vascular Surgery, Tungwah Hospital to Sun Yet-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhendong Yuan
- Hand, Foot Vascular Surgery, Tungwah Hospital to Sun Yet-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Geng Luo
- Hand, Foot Vascular Surgery, Tungwah Hospital to Sun Yet-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Novović K, Malešević M, Gardijan L, Kojić M, Jovčić B. Novel RclSAR three-component system regulates expression of the intI1 gene in the stationary growth phase. Res Microbiol 2021; 173:103885. [PMID: 34648877 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and appropriate response of Pseudomonas spp. to environmental fluctuations has been enabled by numerous signal transduction regulatory systems. Regulatory systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa are organized in a complex network which provides quick and fine-tuned cellular response through regulation of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants production. Mobile integrons represent genetic elements included in the rapid dissemination of multiple antibiotic resistance determinants. The key factor of integron dynamics is enzyme integrase. So far, global regulators LexA, RpoS and PsrA have been recognized as regulators of the intI1 transcription. In this study, we discovered novel activator of the intI1 transcription, sensor kinase RclS, in P. putida WCS358. This regulation is limited to stationary growth phase and appears to be indirect, at least through regulation of the rpoS expression. Sensor kinase RclS is a part of novel three-component system Rcl (Roc-like) together with two response regulators, RclR and RclA. RclS acted as a negative regulator of the rclA transcription, while the role in the rclR transcription regulation could not be defined. The RclSAR regulatory system seems to be a part of complex intI1 regulatory network which includes major stress response (SOS and RpoS) regulons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Novović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milka Malešević
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Lazar Gardijan
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan Kojić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branko Jovčić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Jurasz J, Bagiński M, Czub J, Wieczór M. Molecular mechanism of proton-coupled ligand translocation by the bacterial efflux pump EmrE. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009454. [PMID: 34613958 PMCID: PMC8523053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current surge in bacterial multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the largest challenges to public health, threatening to render ineffective many therapies we rely on for treatment of serious infections. Understanding different factors that contribute to MDR is hence crucial from the global “one health” perspective. In this contribution, we focus on the prototypical broad-selectivity proton-coupled antiporter EmrE, one of the smallest known ligand transporters that confers resistance to aromatic cations in a number of clinically relevant species. As an asymmetric homodimer undergoing an “alternating access” protomer-swap conformational change, it serves as a model for the mechanistic understanding of more complex drug transporters. Here, we present a free energy and solvent accessibility analysis that indicates the presence of two complementary ligand translocation pathways that remain operative in a broad range of conditions. Our simulations show a previously undescribed desolvated apo state and anticorrelated accessibility in the ligand-bound state, explaining on a structural level why EmrE does not disrupt the pH gradient through futile proton transfer. By comparing the behavior of a number of model charged and/or aromatic ligands, we also explain the origin of selectivity of EmrE towards a broad class of aromatic cations. Finally, we explore unbiased pathways of ligand entry and exit to identify correlated structural changes implicated in ligand binding and release, as well as characterize key intermediates of occupancy changes. EmrE is a prototypical bacterial multidrug transporter (MDR) that confers resistance to drugs and antiseptics. Due to its structural simplicity, its mechanism of ligand recognition and translocation are relevant for a wide class of transporters. This proton-coupled antiport expels aromatic cations from the cytoplasm using the alternating access mechanism, achieving impressive levels of efficiency and robustness. Our protonation-specific free energy profiles, Grotthuss wire analyses and equilibrium simulations show how a deceivingly simple system can exchange ions with robustness and precision, hopefully inspiring rational efforts to design new MDR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jurasz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Bagiński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- BioTechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miłosz Wieczór
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
- Molecular Modeling and Bioinformatics Group, IRB Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Chen X, Liu M, Zhang P, Leung SSY, Xia J. Membrane-Permeable Antibacterial Enzyme against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2192-2204. [PMID: 34232613 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophage endolysins (lysins, or murein hydrolases) are enzymes that bacteriophages utilize to degrade the cell wall peptidoglycans (PG) and subsequently disintegrate bacterial cells from within. Due to their muralytic activity, lysins are considered as potential candidates to battle against antibiotic resistance. However, most lysins in their native form lack the capability of trespassing the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative (G-ve) bacteria. To turn the bacteriophage enzymes into antibacterial weapons against G-ve bacteria, endowing these enzymes the capability of accessing the PG substrate underneath the OM is critical. Here we show that fusing a membrane-permeabilizing peptide CeA at the C-terminus of a muralytic enzyme LysAB2 renders a two-step mechanism of bacterial killing and increases the activity of LysAB2 against the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by up to 100 000-folds. The engineered LysAB2, termed LysAB2-KWK here, also shows remarkable activity against A. baumannii at the stationary phase and a prominent capability to disrupt biofilm formation. In addition, the enzyme shows a broad antibacterial spectrum against G-ve bacteria, a decent tolerance to serum, and a prolonged storage life. LysAB2-KWK rescues the larva of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella from A. baumannii infection through systemic administration. Altogether, our work equips a globular lysin with OM permeabilization activity to enable effective killing of G-ve bacteria, reveals the critical role of the C-terminus of a globular lysin in the antibacterial activity, and points toward a viable route to engineer globular lysins as antibacterial enzymes for potential clinical use against multidrug resistant G-ve bacteria.
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Raza S, Raza M, Zada S, Li X, Liu C. Fabrication of biomass-derived polymer with dopamine and Ag nanoaggregates: Prevention of the biofilm of bacteria and catalytic degradation of organic dyes. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Karki D, Dhungel B, Bhandari S, Kunwar A, Joshi PR, Shrestha B, Rijal KR, Ghimire P, Banjara MR. Antibiotic resistance and detection of plasmid mediated colistin resistance mcr-1 gene among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:45. [PMID: 34225805 PMCID: PMC8256586 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative bacteria is alarmingly high. Reintroduction of colistin as last resort treatment in the infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has led to the emergence and spread of colistin resistance. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of drug-resistance among beta-lactamase-producing strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, isolated from the clinical specimens received at a tertiary care centre of Kathmandu, Nepal during the period of March to August, 2019. METHODS A total of 3216 different clinical samples were processed in the Microbiology laboratory of Kathmandu Model Hospital. Gram-negative isolates (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) were processed for antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) by using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Drug-resistant isolates were further screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL), carbapenemase and K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) production tests. All the suspected enzyme producers were processed for phenotypic confirmatory tests. Colistin resistance was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using agar dilution method. Colistin resistant strains were further screened for plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Among the total samples processed, 16.4% (529/3216) samples had bacterial growth. A total of 583 bacterial isolates were recovered from 529 clinical samples. Among the total isolates, 78.0% (455/583) isolates were Gram-negative bacteria. The most predominant isolate among Gram-negatives was E. coli (66.4%; 302/455) and K. pneumoniae isolates were 9% (41/455). In AST, colistin, polymyxin B and tigecycline were the most effective antibiotics. The overall prevalence of multidrug-resistance (MDR) among both of the isolates was 58.0% (199/343). In the ESBL testing, 41.1% (n = 141) isolates were confirmed as ESBL-producers. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli was 43% (130/302) whereas that of K. pneumoniae was 26.8% (11/41). Similarly, 12.5% (43/343) of the total isolates, 10.9% (33/302) of E. coli and 24.3% of (10/41) K. pneumoniae were resistant to carbapenem. Among 43 carbapenem resistant isolates, 30.2% (13/43) and 60.5% (26/43) were KPC and MBL-producers respectively. KPC-producers isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 33.3% (11/33) and 20% (2/10) respectively. Similarly, 63.6% (21/33) of the E. coli and 50% (5/10) of the K. pneumoniae were MBL-producers. In MIC assay, 2.2% (4/179) of E. coli and 10% (2/20) of K. pneumoniae isolates were confirmed as colistin resistant (MIC ≥ 4 µg/ml). Overall, the prevalence of colistin resistance was 3.1% (6/199) and acquisition of mcr-1 was 16.6% (3/18) among the E. coli isolates. CONCLUSION High prevalence of drug-resistance in our study is indicative of a deteriorating situation of AMR. Moreover, significant prevalence of resistant enzymes in our study reinforces their roles in the emergence of drug resistance. Resistance to last resort drug (colistin) and the isolation of mcr-1 indicate further urgency in infection management. Therefore, extensive surveillance, formulation and implementation of effective policies, augmentation of diagnostic facilities and incorporation of antibiotic stewardship programs can be some remedies to cope with this global crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Karki
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Binod Dhungel
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Srijana Bhandari
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anil Kunwar
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Basudha Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology, Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Komal Raj Rijal
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prakash Ghimire
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Marrazzo P, Pizzuti V, Zia S, Sargenti A, Gazzola D, Roda B, Bonsi L, Alviano F. Microfluidic Tools for Enhanced Characterization of Therapeutic Stem Cells and Prediction of Their Potential Antimicrobial Secretome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:750. [PMID: 34206190 PMCID: PMC8300685 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is creating enormous attention on the development of new antibiotic-free therapy strategies for bacterial diseases. Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising candidates in current clinical trials and included in several cell-therapy protocols. Together with the well-known immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of the MSC secretome, these cells have shown direct and indirect anti-bacterial effects. However, the low reproducibility and standardization of MSCs from different sources are the current limitations prior to the purification of cell-free secreted antimicrobial peptides and exosomes. In order to improve MSC characterization, novel label-free functional tests, evaluating the biophysical properties of the cells, will be advantageous for their cell profiling, population sorting, and quality control. We discuss the potential of emerging microfluidic technologies providing new insights into density, shape, and size of live cells, starting from heterogeneous or 3D cultured samples. The prospective application of these technologies to studying MSC populations may contribute to developing new biopharmaceutical strategies with a view to naturally overcoming bacterial defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Valeria Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Silvia Zia
- Stem Sel S.r.l., 40127 Bologna, Italy; (S.Z.); (B.R.)
| | | | - Daniele Gazzola
- Cell Dynamics i.S.r.l., 40129 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Barbara Roda
- Stem Sel S.r.l., 40127 Bologna, Italy; (S.Z.); (B.R.)
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (L.B.); (F.A.)
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The Beta-Lactam Resistome Expressed by Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria Isolated from Human Feces of Healthy Donors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060533. [PMID: 34204872 PMCID: PMC8228550 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major health problem worldwide, causing more deaths than diabetes and cancer. The dissemination of vertical and horizontal antibiotic resistance genes has been conducted for a selection of pan-resistant bacteria. Here, we test if the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from human feces samples in health conditions are carriers of beta-lactamases genes. The samples were cultured in a brain–heart infusion medium and subcultured in blood agar in aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 24 h at 37 °C. The grown colonies were identified by their biochemical profiles. The DNA was extracted and purified by bacterial lysis using thermal shock and were used in the endpoint PCR and next generation sequencing to identify beta-lactamase genes expression (OXA, VIM, SHV, TEM, IMP, ROB, KPC, CMY, DHA, P, CFX, LAP, and BIL). The aerobic bacterias Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia rettgeri, Serratia fonticola, Serratia liquefaciens, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pantoea agglomerans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterobacter cloacae, the anaerobic bacteria: Capnocytophaga species, Bacteroides distasonis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium species, Eubacterium aerofaciens, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Fusobacterium species, Bacteroides species, and Bacteroides vulgatus were isolated and identified. The results showed 49 strains resistant to beta-lactam with the expression of blaSHV (10.2%), blaTEM (100%), blaKPC (10.2%), blaCYM (14.3%), blaP (2%), blaCFX (8.2%), and blaBIL (6.1%). These data support the idea that the human enteric microbiota constitutes an important reservoir of genes for resistance to beta-lactamases and that such genes could be transferred to pathogenic bacteria.
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Sapijanskaitė-Banevič B, Palskys V, Vaickelionienė R, Šiugždaitė J, Kavaliauskas P, Grybaitė B, Mickevičius V. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Azole, Diazole and Triazole Derivatives Based on p-Aminobenzoic Acid. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092597. [PMID: 33946936 PMCID: PMC8125559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The p-aminobenzoic acid was applied for the synthesis of substituted 1-phenyl-5-oxopyrrolidine derivatives containing benzimidazole, azole, oxadiazole, triazole, dihydrazone, and dithiosemicarbazide moieties in the structure. All the obtained compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using MIC and MBC assays. This study showed a good bactericidal activity of γ-amino acid and benzimidazoles derivatives. The antimicrobial activity of the most promising compounds was higher than ampicillin. Furthermore, two benzimidazoles demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes (MIC 15.62 µg/mL) that was four times more potent than ampicillin (MIC 65 µg/mL). Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of the antimicrobial activity as well as to generate antimicrobial compounds based on the 1-phenyl-5-oxopyrrolidine scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birutė Sapijanskaitė-Banevič
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.S.-B.); (B.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Vykintas Palskys
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, V. A. Graičiūno st. 8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Rita Vaickelionienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.S.-B.); (B.G.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-600-16-958
| | - Jūratė Šiugždaitė
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Povilas Kavaliauskas
- Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 527 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Institute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Biological Research Center, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Grybaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.S.-B.); (B.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (B.S.-B.); (B.G.); (V.M.)
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Human skin microbiota-friendly lysostaphin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:852-860. [PMID: 33932416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Growing antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a burning problem of human and veterinary medicine. Expansion and introduction of novel microbicidal therapeutics is highly desirable. However, antibiotic treatment disturbs the balance of physiological microbiota by changing its qualitative and/or quantitative composition, resulting in a number of adverse effects that include secondary infections. Although such dysbiosis may be reversed by the treatment with probiotics, a more attractive alternative is the use of antibiotics that target only pathogens, while sparing the commensals. Here, we describe lysostaphin LSp222, an enzyme produced naturally by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius 222. LSp222 is highly effective against S. aureus, including its multi-drug resistant strains. Importantly, the inhibitory concentration for S. epidermidis, the predominant commensal in healthy human skin, is at least two orders of magnitude higher compared to S. aureus. Such significant therapeutic window makes LSp222 a microbiota-friendly antibacterial agent with a potential application in the treatment of S. aureus-driven skin infections.
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Cyanobacteria and Eukaryotic Microalgae as Emerging Sources of Antibacterial Peptides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245804. [PMID: 33316949 PMCID: PMC7763478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and microalgae are oxygen-producing photosynthetic unicellular organisms encompassing a great diversity of species, which are able to grow under all types of extreme environments and exposed to a wide variety of predators and microbial pathogens. The antibacterial compounds described for these organisms include alkaloids, fatty acids, indoles, macrolides, peptides, phenols, pigments and terpenes, among others. This review presents an overview of antibacterial peptides isolated from cyanobacteria and microalgae, as well as their synergism and mechanisms of action described so far. Antibacterial cyanopeptides belong to different orders, but mainly from Oscillatoriales and Nostocales. Cyanopeptides have different structures but are mainly cyclic peptides. This vast peptide repertoire includes ribosomal and abundant non-ribosomal peptides, evaluated by standard conventional methodologies against pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial activity described for microalgal peptides is considerably scarcer, and limited to protein hydrolysates from two Chlorella species, and few peptides from Tetraselmis suecica. Despite the promising applications of antibacterial peptides and the importance of searching for new natural sources of antibiotics, limitations still persist for their pharmaceutical applications.
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