Minocycline-Derived Silver Nanoparticles for Assessment of Their Antidiabetic Potential against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice

Green Synthesis and Chemical Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles by Tribulus terrestris for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly utilized in the medical sector, particularly in cardiovascular applications. Nevertheless, there is a studies scarcity examining the impact of AgNPs on myocardial infarction protection. A green formulation of AgNPs was documented in the research. Different spectroscopic methods were utilized to examine the AgNPs, and their potential for treating myocardial infarction was explored. The NPs exhibited a spherical morphology upon formation. Isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) was administered to induce myocardial infarction in mice. The mice were categorized into four distinct groups (n = 15): (1) untreated; (2) normal; (3,4) AgNPs + isoproterenol at various doses (5 and 50 µg/kg). The activation of PPAR-Υ/NF-κB and subsequent cytokine release induced by lipopolysaccharide were quantified using real-time PCR and western blot techniques. Subsequent to the administration of AgNPs at different doses, the evaluation of cardiac function was conducted through biochemical, histochemical, and electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. AgNPs significantly inhibit the levels of myocardial injury markers, reduce the incidence of mortality, and improve the condition of ventricular wall infarction. In addition, the administration of AgNPs effectively prevents the characteristic ST segment depression when compared to animals with myocardial infarction. The positive effects of AgNPs could potentially be attributed to the restoration of normal gene expression in PPAR-Υ/NF-κB/ΙκB-α/ΙΚΚα/β and PPAR-Υ phosphorylation pathways. Additionally, the application of AgNPs led to a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hearts of mice suffering from myocardial infarction. The expression suppression of inflammation cytokines and cell death was significantly reduced by AgNPs. Recent findings suggest that AgNPs possess cardioprotective properties on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction, possibly by the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and activation of PPAR-γ. To summarize, the present study introduces a contemporary therapeutic approach for treating myocardial infarction in clinical settings.

Synthesis, Characterization, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potential of Azadirachta indica Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study on Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties

Nanotechnology has become a major topic of study, particularly in the medical and health domains. Because nanomedicine has a higher recovery rate than other conventional drugs, it has attracted more attention. Green synthesis is the most efficient and sustainable method of creating nanoparticles. The current work used ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction to thoroughly characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Azadirachta indica leaf extract. Characterization confirmed the synthesis of the AgNPs along with the possible linkage of the phytochemicals with the silver as well as the quantitative analysis and nature of NPs. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs and neem extract was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay using various concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg/ml). Additionally, using diabetic mice that had been given alloxan, the in vivo antidiabetic potential of biosynthesized AgNPs was assessed. Eight groups of mice were used to assess the antidiabetic activity: one control group and seven experimental groups (untreated, extract-treated, AgNPs at low and high doses, standard drug, low dose of AgNPs + drug, and high dose of AgNPs + drug). At days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28, blood glucose levels and body weight were measured. After 28 days, the mice were dissected, and the liver, kidney, and pancreas were examined histologically. The results depicted that the AgNPs showed higher (significant) radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 35.2 µg/ml) than extract (IC50 = 93.0 µg/ml) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 64.6 µg/ml). The outcomes demonstrated that biosynthesized AgNPs had a great deal of promise as an antidiabetic agent and exhibited remarkable effects in diabetic mice given AgNPs, extract, and drug. Remarkable improvement in the body weight and blood glucose level of mice treated with high doses of AgNPs and drug was observed. The body weight and blood glucose level of diabetic mice treated with a high dose of AgNPs + standard drug showed significant improvement, going from 28.7 ± 0.2 to 35.6 ± 0.3 g and 248 ± 0.3 to 109 ± 0.1 mg/dl, respectively. Significant regeneration was also observed in the histomorphology of the kidney, liver's central vein, and islets of Langerhans after treatment with biosynthesized AgNPs. Diabetic mice given a high dose of AgNPs and drug displayed architecture of the kidney, liver, and pancreas that was nearly identical to that of the control group. According to the current research, biosynthesized AgNPs have strong antioxidant and antidiabetic potential and may eventually provide a less expensive option for the treatment of diabetes.

Therapeutic Potential of Green Synthesized Polyherbal Formulated Silver Nanoparticles in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus-An In Vivo Strategy

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable, life-threatening syndrome prevalent worldwide. One effective treatment for DM is the medicinal use of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are eco-friendly and cost-effective. This study investigates the antidiabetic potential of greensynthesizedAgNPs derived from a polyherbal formulation (PHF). Characterization of PHF-AgNPs included UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Diabetes was induced in albino Wistar rats (N = 30, n = 6/group, 150-200 g, 8 weeks old) via intraperitoneal alloxan injection (150 mg). Groups are as follows: 1) untreated control, 2) diabetic control (150 mg/kg b.w. alloxan), 3) glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg), 4) PHF-AgNPs (10 mg/kg), and 5) PHF-AgNPs (20 mg/kg). Blood glucose levels (BGL) were monitored on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Blood samples were collected for the liver, kidney, and lipid profile analysis before euthanization. The results showed that PHF-AgNPs had an average size of 20 nm and exhibited significant reductions in BGL, with PHF-AgNPs at both 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg demonstrating superior effects compared to glibenclamide. Histopathological analysis revealed tissue regeneration in the liver, kidney, and pancreas, indicating healing of alloxan-induced damage. Additionally, treatment improved liver and kidney function markers, and lipid profiles, with reductions in cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, and creatinine levels compared to the diabetic control group. These findings suggest that green synthesized PHF-AgNPs effectively improved blood glucose control, body weight, and organ health, positioning them as a promising antidiabetic agent with potential for further clinical development.

Advances in nephroprotection: the therapeutic role of selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles in renal health

Renal toxicity is a disorder that causes considerable issues in healthcare systems world, highlighting the critical importance of creating alternative treatments. Metallic nanoparticles have recently emerged as promising therapeutic agents for nephroprotection because of their remarkable properties. Numerous disciplines, including medicine, biotechnology, and the food industry, are currently investigating and exploring metallic nanoparticles, such as selenium, silver, and gold, with promising outcomes. In this overview, we provide the most current findings on cutting-edge nephroprotection through metallic nanoparticles, especially selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles. While outlining the benefits, we outline possible methods for developing metallic nanoparticles, characterization techniques, and nephroprotection therapies. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) minimize oxidative stress, a primary cause of nephrotoxicity through cell regeneration which protects kidneys. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have anti-inflammatory capabilities that help alleviate kidney damage and nephrotoxicity. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which are biocompatible and immune-modifying, reduce inflammation and promote renal cell regeneration, indicating nephroprotective advantages. Renal protection via the use of metallic nanoparticles represents a promising new frontier in the fight against kidney disease and other renal disorders. Metallic nanoparticles of selenium, silver, and gold can protect the kidneys by lowering oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and improving cell repair. Through their mechanisms, these nanoparticles effectively safeguard and repair kidney function, making them suitable for treating renal diseases. The potential applications of selenium, silver, and gold nanoparticles, as well as their complex modes of action and renal penetration, provide fresh hope for improving renal health and quality of life in patients with kidney disease. The current study highlights therapeutic ability, stability, nephroprotection, and toxicity profiles, as well as the importance of continuous research in this dynamic and evolving field.

Silver Nanoparticles Loaded with Oleuropein Reduce Doxorubicin-Induced Testicular Damage by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Apoptosis

Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most used chemotherapeutic agent for treating solid tumors. DOX treatment may lead to testicular damage using oxidative stress, resulting in infertility. These adverse effects may be prevented by the activation of antioxidant systems. Oleuropein (OLE) is a powerful flavonoid with several ameliorative effects, including antioxidative, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory. It would be more efficient and applicable in treating chronic human diseases if its poor bioavailability improves with a nano-delivery system. The current study aims to assess the histopathological changes and antioxidative effects of OLE loaded with silver nanoparticles oleuropein (OLE-AgNP) on the testicular injury triggered by DOX in rats. Forty-eight male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups as follows: the control, DOX (2.5 mg/kg), OLE (50 mg/kg), AgNP (100 mg/kg), OLE + AgNP (50 mg/kg), OLE (50 mg/kg) + DOX (2.5 mg/kg), AgNP (100 mg/kg) + DOX (2.5 mg/kg), and OLE-AgNP (50 mg/kg) + DOX (2.5 mg/kg) for 11 days. Oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, sperm analysis, and histopathological analyses were performed on testicular tissues taken from rats decapitated after the applications and compared between the experimental groups. The tissue MDA level was lower in the OLE and OLE+AgNP-treated groups than in the DOX-treated group. In addition, SOD and GSH levels significantly increased in both the OLE and OLE+AgNP-treated groups compared to the DOX group. Both OLE and OLE+AgNP, particularly OLE+AgNP, ameliorated DOX-induced testicular tissue injury, as evidenced by reduced injury and improved seminiferous tubules and spermatocyte area. In addition, OLE and OLE+AgNP, especially OLE+AgNP, inhibited DOX-induced testicular tissue inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The findings suggest that nanotechnology and the production of OLE+AgNP can ameliorate DOX-induced testicular damage.

Long-Term and Stable Dental Therapies via an In Situ Spontaneous Medicine Delivery System

Chronic oral diseases are boring, long-term, and discomfort intense diseases, which endanger the physical and mental health of patients constantly. Traditional therapeutic methods based on medicines (including swallowing drugs, applying ointment, or injection in situ) bring much inconvenience and discomfort. A new method possessing accurate, long-term, stable, convenient, and comfortable features is in great need. In this study, we demonstrated a development of one spontaneous administration for the prevention and therapy on a series of oral diseases. By uniting dental resin and medicine-loaded mesoporous molecular sieve, nanoporous medical composite resin (NMCR) was synthesized by a simple physical mixing and light curing method. Physicochemical investigations of XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-vis, N₂ adsorption, and biochemical experiments of antibacterial and pharmacodynamic evaluation on periodontitis treatment of SD rats were carried on to characterize an NMCR spontaneous medicine delivery system. Compared to existing pharmacotherapy and in situ treatments, NMCR can keep a quite long time of stable in situ medicine release during the whole therapeutic period. Taking the periodontitis treatment as an instance, the probing pocket depth value in a half-treatment time of 0.69 from NMCR@MINO was much lower than that of 1.34 from the present commercial Periocline ointment, showing an over two times effect.

Analysis of the antimicrobial potential of sericin-coated silver nanoparticles against human pathogens

The antibacterial activity of synthetic antimicrobial agents is well known, but most of them have several side effects and are effective against selective microbes. Recently, major concern for the microbiologists is to investigate for some stable, non-toxic, cheap, and eco-friendly antimicrobial agents with a wide range of bactericidal potential. A cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternate has been proposed in the form of green synthesized nanoparticles. The Present study was designed to fabricate sericin-coated silver nanoparticles (S-AgNPs) using sericin as stabilizer and reductant of silver ions and their antibacterial potential was evaluated at various concentrations and temperatures (8, 40, and 50°C). Antimicrobial activities were assessed by the agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of S-AgNPs was measured at different concentrations (1-6 mg/ml) whereas; antifungal activity was tested at 5-20 mg/ml of S-AgNPs. Nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. These nanoparticles significantly subdued the growth of Clostridium difficile (18.7 ± 0.9 mm), Proteus mirabilis (12.3 ± 0.3 mm) and Bacillus licheniformis (10.7 ± 0.9 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (18.7 ± 2.0 mm), Mucor mycetes (13 .0 ± 1.5 mm), Candida albicans (15.3 ± 0.3 mm) and Aspergillus niger (10.0 ± 0.6 mm). S-AgNPs were stable at all temperatures and the maximum growth inhibition was found at 8°C for all pathogenic strains. We concluded that the S-AgNPs could be a potential candidate to inhibit the growth of bacterial and fungal pathogens at a wide range of environmental conditions like temperature. In various biomedical applications including antimicrobial and wound dressings, S-AgNPs can be used in the future to treat various bacterial and fungal infections.

Protective effects of silver nanoparticles in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats

Background

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in the medical field, including cardiovascular. However, limited research has investigated the effect of AgNPs on the protection of myocardial infarction (MI).

Objectives

Isoproterenol (Iso)-induced MI and the cardiac protection offered by AgNPs were investigated in the present study. Additionally, we characterized the profile of Ag in the form of nanoparticles.

Methods

Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: normal, Iso, Iso + AgNO3, and Iso + AgNP groups. AgNPs and silver ion (AgNO3) were administered intraperitoneally at 2.5 mg/kg BW for 14 days. Iso induction was performed using two doses of 85 mg/kg BW given subcutaneously on days 13 and 14. Blood and cardiac tissue samples were taken 24 h after the last dose of Iso and checked for Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase in plasma along with oxidative stress parameters, mitochondria biogenesis markers, and inflammation representative genes in cardiac tissue. Additionally, we analyzed the histopathological features in cardiac tissue.

Results

The silver was confirmed in the form of nanoparticles by its size at intervals of 8.72-37.84 nm. Both AgNO3 and AgNPs showed similar cardioprotective effects, as shown by the decrease in biochemical markers of cardiac toxicity, namely, CK-MB. Additionally, AgNPs group have better efficacy compared with AgNO3 group in ameliorating Iso-mediated oxidative stress production, as evidenced by the significant decrease in malondialdehyde level and increased superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively) in cardiac tissue compared with the Iso group. Mechanistically, AgNPs, but not AgNO3, enhanced the expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha in post-MI heart and reduced the protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) assessed by western blot analysis. Furthermore, these results were confirmed with the histopathological evaluation of cardiac tissue. Nevertheless, pretreatment with either AgNO3 or AgNPs improved the aspartate aminotransferase level.

Conclusion

These results suggested that AgNPs have more superior cardioprotective effect compared with AgNO3 against Iso-induced MI, at least in part through amelioration of NF-κB expression level induced by oxidative stress overproduction.

Protective Effects of Zingiberis Carbonisata-Based Carbon Dots on Diabetic Liver Injury in Mice

To explain the active components of ZRC-CDs from the perspective of nanomaterials and investigate the potential mechanism for the treatment of diabetic liver injury, the structure, electron transfer properties, and elemental composition of ZRC-CDs were characterized. The protective effects of ZRC-CDs on the diabetic liver injury were demonstrated using the Alloxan-induced diabetic model. The ZRC-CDs are spherical, with a diameter ranging from 1.0–4.5 nm and a yield of 0.56%. The results showed that ZRC-CDs decreased the levels of blood glucose in diabetic mice and had a mitigating effect on elevated ALT and AST. More studies found that ZRC-CDs were able to decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines and suppress the protein expression in related signaling pathways.