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Sanogo S, Lamour K, Kousik CS, Lozada DN, Parada-Rojas CH, Quesada-Ocampo LM, Wyenandt CA, Babadoost M, Hausbeck MK, Hansen Z, Ali E, McGrath MT, Hu J, Crosby K, Miller SA. Phytophthora capsici, 100 Years Later: Research Mile Markers from 1922 to 2022. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:921-930. [PMID: 36401843 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-22-0297-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In 1922, Phytophthora capsici was described by Leon Hatching Leonian as a new pathogen infecting pepper (Capsicum annuum), with disease symptoms of root rot, stem and fruit blight, seed rot, and plant wilting and death. Extensive research has been conducted on P. capsici over the last 100 years. This review succinctly describes the salient mile markers of research on P. capsici with current perspectives on the pathogen's distribution, economic importance, epidemiology, genetics and genomics, fungicide resistance, host susceptibility, pathogenicity mechanisms, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soum Sanogo
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Kurt Lamour
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Chandrasekar S Kousik
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - Dennis N Lozada
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Chile Pepper Institute, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Camilo H Parada-Rojas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Lina M Quesada-Ocampo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Christian A Wyenandt
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Bridgeton, NJ 08302
| | | | - Mary K Hausbeck
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Zachariah Hansen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Emran Ali
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - Margaret T McGrath
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Riverhead, NY 11901
| | - Jiahuai Hu
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Kevin Crosby
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Sally A Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
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Parvathi MS, Antony PD, Kutty MS. Multiple Stressors in Vegetable Production: Insights for Trait-Based Crop Improvement in Cucurbits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:861637. [PMID: 35592574 PMCID: PMC9111534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.861637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable production is a key determinant of contribution from the agricultural sector toward national Gross Domestic Product in a country like India, the second largest producer of fresh vegetables in the world. This calls for a careful scrutiny of the threats to vegetable farming in the event of climate extremes, environmental degradation and incidence of plant pests/diseases. Cucurbits are a vast group of vegetables grown almost throughout the world, which contribute to the daily diet on a global scale. Increasing food supply to cater to the ever-increasing world population, calls for intensive, off-season and year-round cultivation of cucurbits. Current situation predisposes these crops to a multitude of stressors, often simultaneously, under field conditions. This scenario warrants a systematic understanding of the different stress specific traits/mechanisms/pathways and their crosstalk that have been examined in cucurbits and identification of gaps and formulation of perspectives on prospective research directions. The careful dissection of plant responses under specific production environments will help in trait identification for genotype selection, germplasm screens to identify superior donors or for direct genetic manipulation by modern tools for crop improvement. Cucurbits exhibit a wide range of acclimatory responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses, among which a few like morphological characters like waxiness of cuticle; primary and secondary metabolic adjustments; membrane thermostability, osmoregulation and, protein and reactive oxygen species homeostasis and turnover contributing to cellular tolerance, appear to be common and involved in cross talk under combinatorial stress exposures. This is assumed to have profound influence in triggering system level acclimation responses that safeguard growth and metabolism. The possible strategies attempted such as grafting initiatives, molecular breeding, novel genetic manipulation avenues like gene editing and ameliorative stress mitigation approaches, have paved way to unravel the prospects for combined stress tolerance. The advent of next generation sequencing technologies and big data management of the omics output generated have added to the mettle of such emanated concepts and ideas. In this review, we attempt to compile the progress made in deciphering the biotic and abiotic stress responses of cucurbits and their associated traits, both individually and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Parvathi
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
| | - P. Deepthy Antony
- Centre for Intellectual Property Rights, Technology Management and Trade, College of Agriculture Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
| | - M. Sangeeta Kutty
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
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Tolerance Screening for Phytophthora capsici and Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae in Cucurbita spp. and Gene Expression Responses in Mutant Families. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbita species can be affected by soil-borne pathogens, such as Phytopthora capsici and Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae (Fsc). Diverse commercial and conserved lines of Cucurbita spp. were tested. C. pepo subsp. pepo genotypes showed the highest susceptibility to both pathogens. The tolerance to P. capsici and Fsc was then screened in a zucchini mutant population. Two M3 mutant lines (Cp107 and Cp116) with a high occurrence of tolerant individuals to Phytophthora capsici were obtained from a screening of 160 M2 mutant lines. The M3 lines presented higher tolerance than the background MUCU-16. Furthermore, in the inoculated samples, both mutants overexpressed CpDEF and expressed more CpPAL and CpChiIV than the susceptible control. It has been previously shown that this expression pattern could be associated with tolerance in the P. capsici - Cucurbita spp. pathosystem. The M3 lines obtained could be applied in breeding programs, as they are likely to be compatible with the highly susceptible C. pepo subsp. pepo genotype.
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