1
|
Niklas KJ. Deciphering the hidden complexity of early land plant reproduction. New Phytol 2024; 241:523-524. [PMID: 37817379 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on D'Ario et al. (2024), 241: 937–949.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Niklas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanogo S, Lamour K, Kousik CS, Lozada DN, Parada-Rojas CH, Quesada-Ocampo LM, Wyenandt CA, Babadoost M, Hausbeck MK, Hansen Z, Ali E, McGrath MT, Hu J, Crosby K, Miller SA. Phytophthora capsici, 100 Years Later: Research Mile Markers from 1922 to 2022. Phytopathology 2023; 113:921-930. [PMID: 36401843 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-22-0297-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In 1922, Phytophthora capsici was described by Leon Hatching Leonian as a new pathogen infecting pepper (Capsicum annuum), with disease symptoms of root rot, stem and fruit blight, seed rot, and plant wilting and death. Extensive research has been conducted on P. capsici over the last 100 years. This review succinctly describes the salient mile markers of research on P. capsici with current perspectives on the pathogen's distribution, economic importance, epidemiology, genetics and genomics, fungicide resistance, host susceptibility, pathogenicity mechanisms, and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soum Sanogo
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Kurt Lamour
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Chandrasekar S Kousik
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - Dennis N Lozada
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Chile Pepper Institute, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
| | - Camilo H Parada-Rojas
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Lina M Quesada-Ocampo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Christian A Wyenandt
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Bridgeton, NJ 08302
| | | | - Mary K Hausbeck
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Zachariah Hansen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Emran Ali
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| | - Margaret T McGrath
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Riverhead, NY 11901
| | - Jiahuai Hu
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Kevin Crosby
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Sally A Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kato F, Ando Y, Tanaka A, Suzuki T, Takemoto D, Ojika M. Inhibitors of Asexual Reproduction of the Plant Pathogen Phytophthora from Tomato Juice: Structure-Activity Relationships and Transcriptome Analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:12878-12884. [PMID: 36190399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora is a genus of fungus-like microorganisms that damages important crops, such as potatoes and tomatoes. Its asexual reproduction, which results in the production of numerous motile zoospores, is the cause of quick and severe outbreaks and crop damage. The search for substances that selectively inhibit the asexual reproduction of Phytophthora led to the isolation of the known natural products naringenin and flazin from tomato juice. They inhibit the sporangia formation of Phytophthora capsici at IC50 values of 8.8 and 7.2 μM. The study of the structure-activity relationship of 11 flavonoids, including naringenin, demonstrated that genistein was the most active (IC50 = 4.6 μM) and flavonols/flavanonols possessing the 3-hydroxy function showed little activity (IC50 = from 100 to >1000 μM). To demonstrate the mechanism of asexual reproduction inhibition by genistein, transcriptome analysis was carried out, which revealed the downregulation of some genes related to cell differentiation. The results suggest that certain flavonoids are environmentally benign agents that could be used to protect agricultural products from Phytophthora pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Kato
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuka Ando
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Aiko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 478-8501, Japan
| | - Daigo Takemoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Skog JE, Sender LM. New information and family relationship (Hymenophyllaceae) for the fossil fern genus Acrostichopteris Fontaine and a new species from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Spain. Am J Bot 2022; 109:1443-1455. [PMID: 36045579 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Reinvestigation of previously described fossil plants using improved techniques can provide insights for additional characters resulting in better family assignments and relationships to modern plants, as in this new study of the fossil fern Acrostichopteris from the mid-Cretaceous. The discovery of new species within genera provides additional characteristics for comparisons and support for family assignments. METHODS Fossil material was uncovered from the matrix (degagement) for the specimens described here. Material was removed from the matrix and mounted for examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spores were extracted and prepared for examination with light, fluorescence, and SEM. Characters for the previously described material from the Potomac Group in the USA and the new material from Spain were compared with those of other fossils assigned to the genus. RESULTS The genus, described by Fontaine in 1889, reexamined by Berry in 1911, and assigned to the Schizaeaceae by Reed in 1947, is reassigned to the family Hymenophyllaceae on the basis of characteristics of the pinnules, sori, sporangia, and spores. We describe a new species in the genus from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Spain that most likely belongs in this family, based on characteristics of the pinnules and the sori. A summary of all the species previously assigned to the genus is included. CONCLUSIONS Assignment of this fossil to the family Hymenophyllaceae is based on all characters known and comparison to modern species, provides the time for appearance of characteristics within the family, and indicates diversification of Hymenophyllum species in the mid-Cretaceous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Skog
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, USA
| | - Luis Miguel Sender
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología, Avenida Sagunto s/n, Teruel, 44002, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scanu B, Jung T, Masigol H, Linaldeddu BT, Jung MH, Brandano A, Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R, Janoušek J, Riolo M, Cacciola SO. Phytophthora heterospora sp. nov., a New Pseudoconidia-Producing Sister Species of P. palmivora. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:870. [PMID: 34682290 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1999, an unusual Phytophthora species has repeatedly been found associated with stem lesions and root and collar rot on young olive trees in Southern Italy. In all cases, this species was obtained from recently established commercial plantations or from nursery plants. Morphologically, the Phytophthora isolates were characterized by the abundant production of caducous non-papillate conidia-like sporangia (pseudoconidia) and caducous papillate sporangia with a short pedicel, resembling P. palmivora var. heterocystica. Additional isolates with similar features were obtained from nursery plants of Ziziphus spina-christi in Iran, Juniperus oxycedrus and Capparis spinosa in Italy, and mature trees in commercial farms of Durio zibethinus in Vietnam. In this study, morphology, breeding system and growth characteristics of these Phytophthora isolates with peculiar features were examined, and combined mitochondrial and nuclear multigene phylogenetic analyses were performed. The proportion between pseudoconidia and sporangia varied amongst isolates and depended on the availability of free water. Oogonia with amphigynous antheridia and aplerotic oospores were produced in dual cultures with an A2 mating type strain of P. palmivora, indicating all isolates were A1 mating type. Phylogenetically, these isolates grouped in a distinct well-supported clade sister to P. palmivora; thus, they constitute a separate taxon. The new species, described here as Phytophthora heterospora sp. nov., proved to be highly pathogenic to both olive and durian plants in stem inoculation tests.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ambrose BA, Smalls TL, Zumajo-Cardona C. All type II classic MADS-box genes in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii are broadly yet discretely expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues. Evol Dev 2021; 23:215-230. [PMID: 33666357 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The MADS-box genes constitute a large transcription factor family that appear to have evolved by duplication and diversification of function. Two types of MADS-box genes are distinguished throughout eukaryotes, types I and II. Type II classic MADS-box genes, also known as MIKC-type, are key developmental regulators in flowering plants and are particularly well-studied for their role in floral organ specification. However, very little is known about the role that these genes might play outside of the flowering plants. We investigated the evolution of type II classic MADS-box genes across land plants by performing a maximum likelihood analysis with a particular focus on lycophytes. Here, we present the expression patterns of all three type II classic MADS-box homologs throughout plant development in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii: SmMADS1, SmMADS3, and SmMADS6. We used scanning electron microscopy and histological analyses to define stages of sporangia development in S. moellendorffii. We performed phylogenetic analyses of this gene lineage across land plants and found that lycophyte sequences appeared before the multiple duplication events that gave rise to the major MADS-box gene lineages in seed plants. Our expression analyses by in situ hybridization show that all type II classic MADS-box genes in S. moellendorffii have broad but distinct patterns of expression in vegetative and reproductive tissues, where SmMADS1 and SmMADS6 only differ during late sporangia development. The broad expression during S. moellendorffii development suggests that MADS-box genes have undergone neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization after duplication events in seed plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, Bronx, New York, USA.,The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hwu FY, Lai MW, Liou RF. PpMID1 Plays a Role in the Asexual Development and Virulence of Phytophthora parasitica. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:610. [PMID: 28469602 PMCID: PMC5395580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora parasitica is a notorious oomycete pathogen that causes severe disease in a wide variety of crop species. Infection of plants involves mainly its asexual life stage, including papillate sporangia and biflagellated zoospores, which are the primary dispersal and infection agents of this pathogen. Calcium signaling has been thought as the key regulator for sporangium formation and zoospore differentiation. However, not much is known about the molecular players involved in these processes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mating pheromone-induced death 1 (MID1) encodes a component of a putative calcium channel. Here, we identified and characterized the function of PpMID1, an MID1 homolog from P. parasitica. The expression of PpMID1 was high in sporangia. Gene silencing of PpMID1 resulted in the formation of sporangia that lacked papilla and showed a tendency for direct germination. Notably, in response to cold shock to induce zoospore formation, these sporangia showed no sign of cytoplasmic cleavage and thereby failed to form zoospores. Nonetheless, the addition of CaCl2 or MgCl2 partially recovered the silenced sporangia phenotype, with the formation of papillate sporangia similar to those of the wild type and the release of zoospores upon cold shock. As well, virulence toward Nicotiana benthamiana was reduced in the PpMID1-silenced transformants. These results indicate a role of PpMID1 in the asexual development and virulence of P. parasitica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Hwu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Fen Liou
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kishan Prasad HL, Rao C, Girisha BS, Shetty V, Permi HS, Jayakumar M, Kiran HS. Subcutaneous rhinosporidiosis masquerading as soft tissue tumor: diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:215. [PMID: 25814750 PMCID: PMC4372954 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.152606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous lesion caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It frequently involves nasopharynx and ocular region. Presenting as cutaneous and subcutaneous mass is extremely rare. This report describes the FNA cytology of rhinosporidiosis occurring as a soft tissue mass in the right mid thigh region. We present a rare case of a 71-year-old male, who presented with multiple subcutaneous soft tissue mass lesions in the posteromedial aspect of mid right thigh region since 2 weeks. Local examination revealed multiple firm to hard mass with skin over the swelling was unremarkable. CT of the right thigh showed a heterogeneous lesion with infiltrative margins in the thigh. Clinically soft tissue sarcoma was considered. Diagnostic FNAC was performed showing numerous mature and immature sporangias with giant cell reaction. Hence, an excision biopsy confirmed the rhinosporidiosis. To conclude, the FNAC diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis is specific. Preoperative diagnosis is possible even in cases with unusual clinical presentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H L Kishan Prasad
- Department of Pathology, KS Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrika Rao
- Department of Pathology, KS Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Girisha
- Department of Dermatology, KS Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram Shetty
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, KS Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Harish S Permi
- Department of Pathology, KS Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Meera Jayakumar
- Department of Pathology, KS Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Kiran
- Department of Pathology, KS Hegde Medical Academy of Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rameshkumar A, Gnanaselvi UP, Dineshkumar T, Raghuram PH, Bharanidharan R, Rajkumar K. Rhinosporidiosis presenting as a facial swelling: a case report. J Int Oral Health 2015; 7:58-60. [PMID: 25859110 PMCID: PMC4377153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinosporidiosis caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi is a fungal infection, which affects chiefly the mucus membranes of the nose, oropharynx, and nasopharynx, as well as the larynx, skin, eyes, and genital mucosa. Soil and water act as a reservoir for the organism. Here, we present a case of Rhinosporidiosis, which clinically manifested as a facial swelling indicating that fungal infections should also be considered as one of the differential diagnoses whenever facial swellings are encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annasamy Rameshkumar
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Correspondence: Dr. Rameshkumar A. Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai - 600 089, Tamil Nadu, India. Phone: +91-9840756555.
| | - U Punitha Gnanaselvi
- Professor & Head, Department of Dental Surgery, KAPV Government Medical College & Hospitals, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thayalan Dineshkumar
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P H Raghuram
- Professor & Head, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Bharanidharan
- Post-graduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Rajkumar
- Professor & Head, Department of Oral Pathology, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scholz B, Küpper FC, Vyverman W, Karsten U. Eukaryotic pathogens (Chytridiomycota and Oomycota) infecting marine microphytobenthic diatoms - a methodological comparison. J Phycol 2014; 50:1009-1019. [PMID: 26988783 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using sediment samples from the Solthörn tidal flat (southern North Sea, Germany), collected in bi-weekly intervals from June to July 2012, a range of qualitative and quantitative screening methods for oomycete and chytrid pathogens infecting benthic diatoms were evaluated. Pre-treatment of sediment samples using short ultrasound pulses and gradient centrifugation, in combination with CalcoFluor White, showed the best results in the visualization of both pathogen groups. The highest number of infected benthic diatoms was observed in mid July (5.8% of the total benthic diatom community). Most infections were caused by chytrids and, in a few cases, oomycetes (Lagenisma Drebes (host: Coscinodiscus radiatus Ehrenberg) and Ectrogella Zopf (hosts: Dimeregramma minor in Pritchard and Gyrosigma peisonis). Among the chytrids, sporangium morphology indicated the presence of five different morphotypes, infecting mainly epipelic taxa of the orders Naviculales (e.g., Navicula digitoradiata) and Achnanthales (e.g., Achnanthes brevipes Agardh). The presence of multiple pathogens in several epipelic diatom taxa suggests a significant role for fungal parasitism in affecting microphytobenthic diatom succession.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Scholz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, Wilhelmshaven, 26382, Germany
| | - Frithjof C Küpper
- Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, Main Street, Newburgh, AB41 6AA, UK
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Department of Biology, Section of Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S8, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology & Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim MJ, Shim CK, Kim YK, Jee HJ, Hong SJ, Park JH, Han EJ. Evaluation of Watermelon Germplasm for Resistance to Phytophthora Blight Caused by Phytophthora capsici. Plant Pathol J 2013; 29:87-92. [PMID: 25288932 PMCID: PMC4174784 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.02.2012.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the Phytophthora rot resistance of 514 accessions of watermelon germplasm, Citrullus lanatus var lanatus. About 46% of the 514 accessions tested were collections from Uzbekistan, Turkey, China, U.S.A., and Ukraine. Phytophthora capsici was inoculated to 45-day-old watermelon seedlings by drenching with 5 ml of sporangial suspension (10(6) sporangia/ml). At 7 days after inoculation, 21 accessions showed no disease symptoms while 291 accessions of susceptible watermelon germplasm showed more than 60.1% disease severity. A total of 510 accessions of watermelon germplasm showed significant disease symptoms and were rated as susceptible to highly susceptible 35 days after inoculation. The highly susceptible watermelon germplasm exhibited white fungal hyphae on the lesion or damping off with water-soaked and browning symptoms. One accession (IT032840) showed moderate resistance and two accessions (IT185446 and IT187904) were resistant to P. capsici. Results suggest that these two resistant germplasm can be used as a rootstock and as a source of resistance in breeding resistant watermelon varieties against Phytophthora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Shim
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Kim
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jin Jee
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Hong
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Park
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Han
- Organic Agriculture Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamamura H, Ohnishi Y, Ishikawa J, Ichikawa N, Ikeda H, Sekine M, Harada T, Horinouchi S, Otoguro M, Tamura T, Suzuki KI, Hoshino Y, Arisawa A, Nakagawa Y, Fujita N, Hayakawa M. Complete genome sequence of the motile actinomycete Actinoplanes missouriensis 431(T) (= NBRC 102363(T)). Stand Genomic Sci 2012; 7:294-303. [PMID: 23407331 PMCID: PMC3569393 DOI: 10.4056/sigs.3196539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinoplanes missouriensis Couch 1963 is a well-characterized member of the genus Actinoplanes, which is of morphological interest because its members typically produce sporangia containing motile spores. The sporangiospores are motile by means of flagella and exhibit chemotactic properties. It is of further interest that members of Actinoplanes are prolific sources of novel antibiotics, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds. Here, we describe the features of A. missouriensis 431T, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 8,773,466 bp genome contains 8,125 protein-coding and 79 RNA genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yamamura
- Division of Applied Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
In work on the control of mosquitoes by the fungus Coelomomyces, the main problem is a source of inoculum since the fungus has not been cultured artificially with production of sporangia. We reared the larvae of Anopheles quadrimaculatus in algal water instead of in water with soil. By addition of inoculum once or twice in small amounts, the larvae become infected, and many grow to large fourth instars whose bodies are filled with sporangia. Such larvae are perfect for inoculum. If inoculum is added in much larger amounts and so timed that sporangia will be discharging spores during the first, second, and third ecdyses up to 100%, infection occurs, most of the larvae dying as late second or early third instars. This type of infection is good for extermination of mosquitoes but not for production of inoculum. Crude field tests have averaged 60% infection.
Collapse
|