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Palombieri S, Bonarrigo M, Potestio S, Sestili F, Messina B, Russo G, Miceli C, Frangipane B, Genduso M, Delogu C, Andreani L, Masci S. Characterization among and within Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Landraces by Gluten Protein Analysis for Traceability Purposes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:741. [PMID: 38475588 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The criteria of "Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability" as well as a high "overall quality index" are used to register the Italian modern varieties to the national register. Differently, local conservation varieties can be certified under different EU Directives that facilitate, as an overall objective, the preservation of biodiversity and the containment of genetic erosion. In recent years, products derived from ancient grains are perceived to be healthier and more sustainable by consumers, especially in Italy, with consequent higher market prices. The ancient tetraploid wheat varieties registered in the national register of conservation varieties amount to 28, 24 of which are Sicilian. They are supposed to have wide genetic variability compared to modern ones, making them vulnerable to fraud because they are difficult to trace. It is therefore important to have tools able to discriminate between autochthonous Sicilian varieties. This can be completed by gluten proteins composition, which also provides information on the technological properties of derived products. Fifty-one accessions belonging to twenty-two ancient varieties of Sicilian tetraploid (mostly durum) wheat were analyzed. Although wide intra-accession and intra-varietal variability measurements were assessed, the gliadin pattern of bulks of seeds belonging to each variety was discriminatory. Moreover, differences in technological attitudes were found between landraces. This paves the way to use gluten protein patterns for traceability, allowing local farmers and producers to valorize their products and assure consumers regarding the transparency of the entire supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Marco Bonarrigo
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Silvia Potestio
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Bernardo Messina
- Consorzio di Ricerca Gian Pietro Ballatore, Z.I. Dittaino, 90040 Assoro, EN, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Consorzio di Ricerca Gian Pietro Ballatore, Z.I. Dittaino, 90040 Assoro, EN, Italy
| | - Claudia Miceli
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Benedetto Frangipane
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Marco Genduso
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Palermo Headquarters, Viale Regione Siciliana Sud Est 8669, 90121 Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Chiara Delogu
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Tavazzano Headquarters, SS9, Km 307, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, LO, Italy
| | - Lorella Andreani
- Council for Agriculture Research and Economics, Plant Protection and Certification Center (CREA-DC), Tavazzano Headquarters, SS9, Km 307, 26838 Tavazzano con Villavesco, LO, Italy
| | - Stefania Masci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
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Spina A, Guarnaccia P, Canale M, Sanfilippo R, Bizzini M, Blangiforti S, Zingale S, Lo Piero AR, Allegra M, Sicilia A, Nicotra C, Anastasi U. Sicilian Rivet Wheat Landraces: Grain Characteristics and Technological Quality of Flour and Bread. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2641. [PMID: 37514255 PMCID: PMC10385672 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the growth of tetraploid Sicilian wheat landraces has been arousing increasing interest. In this study, eighteen local genotypes of Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum, belonging to the groups 'Bufala', 'Ciciredda', 'Bivona' and 'Paola', and two cultivars of Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (the old variety 'Bidì', and a more recent variety 'Simeto') were assessed for the characteristics of the grain and bread-making performance of their flours and doughs, as well as the quality of the loaves. The grain of the twenty genotypes came from a field trial conducted during 2018-2019 in south-eastern Sicily. The main commercial features of the grain (thousand kernel weight and hectolitre weight), including the defects (starchy, black pointed and shrunken kernels), were determined. The wholemeal flours and doughs obtained from the grain of each genotype were evaluated for the main technological quality (physico-chemical and rheological characteristics), and processed into loaves, whose main quality indices (volume, height, weight, moisture and porosity) were assessed. The results from such analyses allowed the authors to evaluate the genotypes' bread-making suitability. In particular, for the grain characteristics, hectolitre weight varied from 68.23 ('Bufala Rossa Lunga 01') to 77.43 ('Bidì 03') kg/hL, passing through the typical values for common and durum wheat. Among the grain defects, the black point defect was absent in all the grain samples, except for that of 'Bufala Nera Corta 01' (2%). Dry gluten content varied from 6.22 to 10.23 g/100 g, and sedimentation test values were low or medium-low, with values ranging from 22 to 35 mL. Amylase activity was low and highly variable among the genotypes, with the maximum value observed for 'Bufala Rossa Corta b01' (509 s). The doughs evidenced a poor quality for bread making with alveograph values of W ranging from 12 to 145 (10-4 × Joule) and thus the volume of the loaves varied from 346.25 cm3 of 'Bivona' and 'Ciciredda' to 415.00 cm3 of 'Bufala Rossa Lunga'. A Tandem Cluster Analysis was conducted on a set of all the response variables. The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was initially run. A five-cluster solution identified three clusters further segmented and two single branches. Overall, the study highlighted the possibility of using some of these landraces alone for the production of traditional breads locally appreciated or together with other ingredients for the production of crumbly baked goods such as substitutes for bread and biscuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfio Spina
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Paolo Guarnaccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Canale
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Rosalia Sanfilippo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Michele Bizzini
- Stazione Consorziale Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia, 95041 Caltagirone, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Blangiforti
- Stazione Consorziale Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia, 95041 Caltagirone, Italy
| | - Silvia Zingale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Roberta Lo Piero
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Allegra
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Angelo Sicilia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Nicotra
- Stazione Consorziale Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia, 95041 Caltagirone, Italy
| | - Umberto Anastasi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Dwivedi SL, Chapman MA, Abberton MT, Akpojotor UL, Ortiz R. Exploiting genetic and genomic resources to enhance productivity and abiotic stress adaptation of underutilized pulses. Front Genet 2023; 14:1193780. [PMID: 37396035 PMCID: PMC10311922 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1193780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Underutilized pulses and their wild relatives are typically stress tolerant and their seeds are packed with protein, fibers, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals. The consumption of such nutritionally dense legumes together with cereal-based food may promote global food and nutritional security. However, such species are deficient in a few or several desirable domestication traits thereby reducing their agronomic value, requiring further genetic enhancement for developing productive, nutritionally dense, and climate resilient cultivars. This review article considers 13 underutilized pulses and focuses on their germplasm holdings, diversity, crop-wild-crop gene flow, genome sequencing, syntenic relationships, the potential for breeding and transgenic manipulation, and the genetics of agronomic and stress tolerance traits. Recent progress has shown the potential for crop improvement and food security, for example, the genetic basis of stem determinacy and fragrance in moth bean and rice bean, multiple abiotic stress tolerant traits in horse gram and tepary bean, bruchid resistance in lima bean, low neurotoxin in grass pea, and photoperiod induced flowering and anthocyanin accumulation in adzuki bean have been investigated. Advances in introgression breeding to develop elite genetic stocks of grass pea with low β-ODAP (neurotoxin compound), resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in black gram using rice bean, and abiotic stress adaptation in common bean, using genes from tepary bean have been carried out. This highlights their potential in wider breeding programs to introduce such traits in locally adapted cultivars. The potential of de-domestication or feralization in the evolution of new variants in these crops are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark A. Chapman
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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Dagnaw T, Mulugeta B, Haileselassie T, Geleta M, Ortiz R, Tesfaye K. Genetic Diversity of Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum, Desf) Germplasm as Revealed by Morphological and SSR Markers. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1155. [PMID: 37372335 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethiopia is considered a center of origin and diversity for durum wheat and is endowed with many diverse landraces. This research aimed to estimate the extent and pattern of genetic diversity in Ethiopian durum wheat germplasm. Thus, 104 durum wheat genotypes representing thirteen populations, three regions, and four altitudinal classes were investigated for their genetic diversity, using 10 grain quality- and grain yield-related phenotypic traits and 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) makers. The analysis of the phenotypic traits revealed a high mean Shannon diversity index (H' = 0.78) among the genotypes and indicated a high level of phenotypic variation. The principal component analysis (PCA) classified the genotypes into three groups. The SSR markers showed a high mean value of polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.50) and gene diversity (h = 0.56), and a moderate number of alleles per locus (Na = 4). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a high level of variation within populations, regions, and altitudinal classes, accounting for 88%, 97%, and 97% of the total variation, respectively. Pairwise genetic differentiation and Nei's genetic distance analyses identified that the cultivars are distinct from the landrace populations. The distance-based (Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component (DAPC) and Minimum Spanning Network (MSN)) and model-based population stratification (STRUCTURE) methods of clustering grouped the genotypes into two clusters. Both the phenotypic data-based PCA and the molecular data-based DAPC and MSN analyses defined distinct groupings of cultivars and landraces. The phenotypic and molecular diversity analyses highlighted the high genetic variation in the Ethiopian durum wheat gene pool. The investigated SSRs showed significant associations with one or more target phenotypic traits. The markers identify landraces with high grain yield and quality traits. This study highlights the usefulness of Ethiopian landraces for cultivar development, contributing to food security in the region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Dagnaw
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia
| | - Behailu Mulugeta
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | | | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Kassahun Tesfaye
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5954, Ethiopia
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Zingale S, Spina A, Ingrao C, Fallico B, Timpanaro G, Anastasi U, Guarnaccia P. Factors Affecting the Nutritional, Health, and Technological Quality of Durum Wheat for Pasta-Making: A Systematic Literature Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:530. [PMID: 36771615 PMCID: PMC9920027 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Durum wheat is one of the most important food sources in the world, playing a key role in human nutrition, as well as in the economy of the different countries in which its production areas are concentrated. Its grain also represents a staple and highly versatile ingredient in the development of health foods. Nonetheless, the aspects determining durum wheat's health quality and their interactions are many, complex, and not entirely known. Therefore, the present systematic literature review aims at advancing the understanding of the relationships among nutritional, health, and technological properties of durum wheat grain, semolina, and pasta, by evaluating the factors that, either positively or negatively, can affect the quality of the products. Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched utilising sets of keywords following the PRISMA guidelines, and the relevant results of the definitive 154 eligible studies were presented and discussed. Thus, the review identified the most promising strategies to improve durum wheat quality and highlighted the importance of adopting multidisciplinary approaches for such purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zingale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n. 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Spina
- Agricultural Research Council and Economics (CREA)—Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Carlo Ingrao
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica, 53, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Biagio Fallico
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n. 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Timpanaro
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n. 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Umberto Anastasi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n. 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Guarnaccia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n. 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Fiore MC, Blangiforti S, Preiti G, Spina A, Bosi S, Marotti I, Mauceri A, Puccio G, Sunseri F, Mercati F. Elucidating the Genetic Relationships on the Original Old Sicilian Triticum Spp. Collection by SNP Genotyping. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13378. [PMID: 36362168 PMCID: PMC9694989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Triticum species spread in cultivation in Sicily and neighboring regions over the centuries, which led to the establishment of a large genetic diversity. Many ancient varieties were widely cultivated until the beginning of the last century before being replaced by modern varieties. Recently, they have been reintroduced in cultivation in Sicily. Here, the genetic diversity of 115 and 11 accessions from Sicily and Calabria, respectively, belonging to Triticum species was evaluated using a high-density SNP array. Einkorn, emmer, and spelta wheat genotypes were used as outgroups for species and subspecies; five modern varieties of durum and bread wheat were used as references. A principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed four distinct groups among Triticum species and T. turgidum subspecies. The population structure analysis distinguished five gene pools, among which three appeared private to the T. aestivum, T. turgidum subsp. Turgidum, and 'Timilia' group. The principal component analysis (PCA) displayed a bio-morphological trait relationship of a subset (110) of ancient wheat varieties and their wide variability within the T. turgidum subsp. durum subgroups. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and phylogenetic analyses applied to the four durum wheat subgroups revealed that the improved varieties harbored a different gene pool compared to the most ancient varieties. The 'Russello' and 'Russello Ibleo' groups were distinguished; both displayed higher genetic variability compared to the 'Timilia' group accessions. This research represents a comprehensive approach to fingerprinting the old wheat Sicilian germplasm, which is useful in avoiding commercial fraud and sustaining the cultivation of landraces and ancient varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carola Fiore
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 90011 Bagheria, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Blangiforti
- Stazione Consorziale Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia, Santo Pietro, 95041 Caltagirone, Italy
| | - Giovanni Preiti
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alfio Spina
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Sara Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Mauceri
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Puccio
- National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercati
- National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), 90129 Palermo, Italy
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