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Ștefănescu BE, Socaci SA, Fărcaș AC, Nemeș SA, Teleky BE, Martău GA, Călinoiu LF, Mitrea L, Ranga F, Grigoroaea D, Vodnar DC, Socaciu C. Characterization of the Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Bog Bilberry ( Vaccinium uliginosum L.) Leaf Extracts Obtained via Various Extraction Techniques. Foods 2024; 13:258. [PMID: 38254559 PMCID: PMC10814626 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to assess the chemical composition and biological activities of bog bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) leaves. Hydroethanolic extracts were obtained using four extraction techniques: one conventional (CE) and three alternative methods; ultrasound (UAE), microwave (MAE) and high-pressure (HPE) extractions. Spectrophotometric analysis was conducted to determine their chemical content, including the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Furthermore, their antioxidative and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis identified and quantified 17 phenolic compounds, with chlorogenic acid being the predominant compound, with the lowest level (37.36 ± 0.06 mg/g) for the bog bilberry leaf extract obtained by CE and the highest levels (e.g., HPE = 44.47 ± 0.08 mg/g) for the bog bilberry leaf extracts obtained by the alternative methods. Extracts obtained by HPE, UAE and MAE presented TPC values (135.75 ± 2.86 mg GAE/g; 130.52 ± 1.99 mg GAE/g; 119.23 ± 1.79 mg GAE/g) higher than those obtained by the CE method (113.07 ± 0.98 mg GAE/g). Regarding the TFC values, similar to TPC, the highest levels were registered in the extracts obtained by alternative methods (HPE = 43.16 ± 0.12 mg QE/g; MAE = 39.79 ± 0.41 mg QE/g and UAE = 33.89 ± 0.35 mg QE/g), while the CE extract registered the lowest level, 31.47 ± 0.28 mg QE/g. In the case of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant activity, the extracts from HPE, UAE and MAE exhibited the strongest radical scavenging capacities of 71.14%, 63.13% and 60.84%, respectively, whereas the CE extract registered only 55.37%. According to Microbiology Reader LogPhase 600 (BioTek), a common MIC value of 8.88 mg/mL was registered for all types of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Salmonella enterica (Gram-negative bacteria). Moreover, the alternative extraction methods (UAE, HPE) effectively inhibited the growth of Candida parapsilosis, in comparison to the lack of inhibition from the CE method. This study provides valuable insights into bog bilberry leaf extracts, reporting a comprehensive evaluation of their chemical composition and associated biological activities, with alternative extraction methods presenting greater potential for the recovery of phenolic compounds with increased biological activities than the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Eugenia Ștefănescu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.E.Ș.); (S.A.N.); (B.E.T.); (G.A.M.); (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
| | - Sonia Ancuța Socaci
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Anca Corina Fărcaș
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Silvia Amalia Nemeș
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.E.Ș.); (S.A.N.); (B.E.T.); (G.A.M.); (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Bernadette Emőke Teleky
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.E.Ș.); (S.A.N.); (B.E.T.); (G.A.M.); (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Gheorghe Adrian Martău
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.E.Ș.); (S.A.N.); (B.E.T.); (G.A.M.); (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia Florina Călinoiu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.E.Ș.); (S.A.N.); (B.E.T.); (G.A.M.); (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
| | - Laura Mitrea
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.E.Ș.); (S.A.N.); (B.E.T.); (G.A.M.); (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Dan Grigoroaea
- Călimani National Park Administration, Șaru Dornei, 727515 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.E.Ș.); (S.A.N.); (B.E.T.); (G.A.M.); (F.R.); (D.C.V.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.A.S.); (A.C.F.); (C.S.)
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Brezoiu AM, Deaconu M, Mitran RA, Prelipcean AM, Matei C, Berger D. Optimisation of Polyphenols Extraction from Wild Bilberry Leaves-Antimicrobial Properties and Stability Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:5795. [PMID: 37570765 PMCID: PMC10420792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic extracts from natural sources have received great interest due to their beneficial properties for human health. A method to reduce their variability is to use the design of experiments which allows a limited number of experiments to be performed while exploring the experimental space. Firstly, a 23-full factorial model was used to investigate the polyphenols extraction from wild bilberry leaves. Spectrophotometric data (the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, chlorophyll and radical scavenger activity) and extraction yield were used as responses, and six statistical models were determined depending on the two numerical factors (temperature and alcohol % of ethanol-water mixture) being significant (p < 0.05) in all cases. Numerical optimisation performed by Design Expert 13 software correlates well with the chemical profile determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the amount of the polyphenol. Afterwards, under the optimised conditions, an extract was prepared in three extraction steps for which composition, chemical stability and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The antimicrobial potential of the extract was compared with that of the standard compounds (rutin and chlorogenic acid), and the results supported a synergistic effect of the extract components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Brezoiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Mihaela Deaconu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Raul-Augustin Mitran
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana-Maria Prelipcean
- National Institute of R&D for Biological Sciences, 296 Splaiul Independetei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian Matei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Daniela Berger
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.B.); (M.D.); (C.M.)
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Haș IM, Teleky BE, Szabo K, Simon E, Ranga F, Diaconeasa ZM, Purza AL, Vodnar DC, Tit DM, Nițescu M. Bioactive Potential of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.): Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Bioaccessibility and Prebiotic Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073099. [PMID: 37049862 PMCID: PMC10095832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its abundance of physiologically active ingredients, one of the oldest medicinal herbs, elderberry (EB) Sambucus nigra L., is beneficial for both therapeutic and dietary purposes. This study determined the bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds and the prebiotic potential of the polyphenols from freeze-dried EB powder (FDEBP), along with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of this extract. The most significant phenolic compounds in black EB are represented by anthocyanins (41.8%), predominating cyanidin-sambubiosides and cyanidin-glucosides (90.1% of the identified anthocyanins). The FRAP assay obtained the highest antioxidant activity value (185 ± 0.18 μmol Fe2+/g DW). The most sensitive to the antimicrobial activity of the extract was proven to be Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.95 mg/mL. To determine the prebiotic potential of the polyphenols, the cell growth of five probiotic strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. fermentum and Saccharomyces boulardii) was tested. The influence on cell growth was positive for all five probiotic strains used. Overall, the most significant increase (p < 0.05) was recorded at 1.5% FDEBP, on S. boulardii with a growth index (GI) of 141.02%, very closely followed by GI at 0.5% and 1% concentrations. The stability of the total phenolic compounds through simulated gastronitestinal digestion was increased (93%), and the bioaccessibility was also elevated (75%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mariana Haș
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Katalin Szabo
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elemer Simon
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Floricuta Ranga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zorița Maria Diaconeasa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anamaria Lavinia Purza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Dan-Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.-C.V.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.-C.V.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Maria Nițescu
- Department of Preclinical–Complementary Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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Krishna P, Pandey G, Thomas R, Parks S. Improving Blueberry Fruit Nutritional Quality through Physiological and Genetic Interventions: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040810. [PMID: 37107184 PMCID: PMC10135188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blueberry, hailed as an antioxidant superfood, is the fruit of small shrubs in the genus Vaccinium (family Ericaceae). The fruits are a rich source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities derived from the polyphenolic compounds, particularly from the abundantly present anthocyanin pigment, have been highlighted as the major contributing factor to the health-benefitting properties of blueberry. In recent years, blueberry cultivation under polytunnels has expanded, with plastic covers designed to offer protection of crop and fruit yield from suboptimal environmental conditions and birds. An important consideration is that the covers reduce photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and filter out ultraviolet (UV) radiation that is critical for the fruit’s bioactive composition. Blueberry fruits grown under covers have been reported to have reduced antioxidant capacity as compared to fruits from open fields. In addition to light, abiotic stresses such as salinity, water deficit, and low temperature trigger accumulation of antioxidants. We highlight in this review how interventions such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photo-selective films, and exposure of plants to mild stresses, alongside developing new varieties with desired traits, could be used to optimise the nutritional quality, particularly the content of polyphenols, of blueberry grown under covers.
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Vaccinium Species (Ericaceae): Phytochemistry and Biological Properties of Medicinal Plants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041533. [PMID: 36838522 PMCID: PMC9966428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) genus consists of a globally widespread and diverse genus of around 4250 species, of which the most valuable is the Vaccinioidae subfamily. The current review focuses on the distribution, history, bioactive compounds, and health-related effects of three species: cranberry, blueberry, and huckleberry. Several studies highlight that the consumption of Vaccinium spp. presents numerous beneficial health-related outcomes, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects against diabetes, obesity, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. These plants' prevalence and commercial value have enhanced in the past several years; thus, the generated by-products have also increased. Consequently, the identified phenolic compounds found in the discarded leaves of these plants are also presented, and their impact on health and economic value is discussed. The main bioactive compounds identified in this genus belong to anthocyanins (cyanidin, malvidin, and delphinidin), flavonoids (quercetin, isoquercetin, and astragalin), phenolic acids (gallic, p-Coumaric, cinnamic, syringic, ferulic, and caffeic acids), and iridoids.
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Cvetković M, Kočić M, Dabić Zagorac D, Ćirić I, Natić M, Hajder Đ, Životić A, Fotirić Akšić M. When Is the Right Moment to Pick Blueberries? Variation in Agronomic and Chemical Properties of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) Cultivars at Different Harvest Times. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090798. [PMID: 36144202 PMCID: PMC9502264 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries, which are recognized by their colored fruits and exquisite flavor and taste, are a great source of bioactive substances with potential functional properties. For the purpose of this study, the blueberry cultivars ‘Duke’, ‘Chandler’ and ‘Bluecrop’ were picked at four different times. The aim of the study was to compare the cultivars and determine the best time for picking fruits for table consumption and to produce berries that can be used as functional foods with elevated levels of bioactive compounds. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the most influential traits for distinguishing different times of harvest in the ‘Duke’ cultivar were sorbitol, glucose, sucrose, and turanose; for the cultivar ‘Chandler’, they were caffeic acid, aesculetin, and quercetin; for the ‘Bluecrop’, they were fructose, maltose, radical scavenging activity, and quercetin. Blueberry fruits aimed for table consumption were those harvested in the first two pickings of the cultivar ‘Duke’, in the first and third of the ‘Bluecrop’, and in the third picking time of the cultivar ‘Chandler’, due to the highest fruit size and very high level of sugar (mostly glucose and fructose). ‘Duke’ berries from the second and third harvest (high level of total phenolic content, radical scavenging activity, total anthocyanins, aesculin, quercetin, and isorhamnetin), ‘Chandler’ from the first and third (the highest p-hydroxybenzoic acid, aesculetin, caffeic acid, phloridzin, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, rutin, and quercetin) and ‘Bluecrop’ from the third harvest (highest level of total phenolics, radical scavenging activity, quercetin, rutin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and isorhamnetin) had the highest levels of health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljan Cvetković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milana Kočić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Dabić Zagorac
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Chemistry Ltd., University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Ćirić
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Chemistry Ltd., University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Natić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurađ Hajder
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aleksandar Životić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University in Bijeljina, 56000 Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milica Fotirić Akšić
- Department of Fruit Science and Viticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Polysaccharide-Based Edible Gels as Functional Ingredients: Characterization, Applicability, and Human Health Benefits. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080524. [PMID: 36005125 PMCID: PMC9407509 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, edible materials such as polysaccharides have gained attention due to their valuable attributes, especially gelling property. Polysaccharide-based edible gels (PEGs) can be classified as (i) hydrogels, (ii) oleogels and bigels, (iii) and aerogels, cryogels and xerogels, respectively. PEGs have different characteristics and benefits depending on the functional groups of polysaccharide chains (e.g., carboxylic, sulphonic, amino, methoxyl) and on the preparation method. However, PEGs are found in the incipient phase of research and most studies are related to their preparation, characterization, sustainable raw materials, and applicability. Furthermore, all these aspects are treated separately for each class of PEG, without offering an overview of those already obtained PEGs. The novelty of this manuscript is to offer an overview of the classification, definition, formulation, and characterization of PEGs. Furthermore, the applicability of PEGs in the food sector (e.g., food packaging, improving food profile agent, delivery systems) and in the medical/pharmaceutical sector is also critically discussed. Ultimately, the correlation between PEG consumption and polysaccharides properties for human health (e.g., intestinal microecology, "bridge effect" in obesity, gut microbiota) are critically discussed for the first time. Bigels may be valuable for use as ink for 3D food printing in personalized diets for human health treatment. PEGs have a significant role in developing smart materials as both ingredients and coatings and methods, and techniques for exploring PEGs are essential. PEGs as carriers of bioactive compounds have a demonstrated effect on obesity. All the physical, chemical, and biological interactions among PEGs and other organic and inorganic structures should be investigated.
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Szabo K, Teleky BE, Ranga F, Roman I, Khaoula H, Boudaya E, Ltaief AB, Aouani W, Thiamrat M, Vodnar DC. Carotenoid Recovery from Tomato Processing By-Products through Green Chemistry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123771. [PMID: 35744898 PMCID: PMC9231286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of bioactive compounds from agro-industry-derived by-products sustains circular economy principles by encouraging maximized recycling and minimized waste. Tomato processing by-products are abundant in carotenoids, which have several health-promoting properties, and their reintegration into functional food products represents a major interest for scientists and manufacturers. In the present study, carotenoids were recovered from tomato processing by-products based on the principles of green chemistry by using generally recognized as safe (GRAS) solvents, freeze-drying as pretreatment, and ultrasound in the recovery procedure. Spectrophotometric measurements and HPLC were used to identify and quantify total and individual carotenoids from the extracts. The highest values for lycopene (1324.89 µg/g dw) were obtained when ethyl lactate was applied as a solvent, followed by ethyl acetate with slightly smaller differences (1313.54 µg/g dw). The extracts obtained from freeze-dried samples presented significantly lower amounts of lycopene, indicating that carotenoids are highly susceptible to degradation during lyophilization. Flaxseed, grape seed, and hempseed oils were enriched with carotenoids and their rheological measurements showed favorable viscoelastic properties, especially hempseed and flaxseed oil, with viscosity under 50 mPa·s. Considering the results and the economic perspective of carotenoid recovery from tomato processing by-products, ethyl acetate is suitable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly for carotenoid extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Szabo
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (K.S.); (B.-E.T.); (F.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (K.S.); (B.-E.T.); (F.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Floricuta Ranga
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (K.S.); (B.-E.T.); (F.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Ioana Roman
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (K.S.); (B.-E.T.); (F.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Hattab Khaoula
- Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, 90 Ave Mohamed V, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.K.); (E.B.); (A.B.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Emna Boudaya
- Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, 90 Ave Mohamed V, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.K.); (E.B.); (A.B.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Amina Ben Ltaief
- Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, 90 Ave Mohamed V, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.K.); (E.B.); (A.B.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Wael Aouani
- Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, 90 Ave Mohamed V, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.K.); (E.B.); (A.B.L.); (W.A.)
| | - Mangkorn Thiamrat
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (K.S.); (B.-E.T.); (F.R.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Micropropagation of Vaccinium corymbosum L.: An Alternative Procedure for the Production of Secondary Metabolites. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In vitro culture has become a dependable approach for the mass production of plant material as the market for innovative plant-derived medicinal approaches has grown significantly. Furthermore, because it permits manipulation of biosynthetic routes to boost the production and accumulation of certain compounds, this technology has enormous potential for the manufacture of natural bioactive chemicals. As a result, the goal of this study was to develop an efficient micropropagation system for biomass production and to investigate the accumulation of bioactive compounds from Vaccinium corymbosum L., Duke and Hortblue Petite cultivars. Two in vitro plant tissue culture systems were used for shoots production: a solid medium (5 g/L Plant agar) and liquid medium (Plantform bioreactor). The culture medium used was Woddy Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with two growth regulators: 0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L zeatina (Z) and 5 mg/L N6-(2-Isopentenyl) adenine (2iP). The content of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and chlorophylls of the in vitro shoot extracts were examined via the HPLC-DAD-MS/MS technique. The results showed that cv. Hortblue Petite produced a higher amount of biomass compared with cv. Duke, on all variants of culture media in both systems (solid and liquid), while the shoots extract of the Duke variety in the liquid culture system (under all concentrations of growth regulators) had the highest content of total phenolic compounds (16,665.61 ± 424.93 μg/g). In the case of the lipophilic compounds analysed (chlorophylls and carotenoids), the solid medium reported the highest values, whereas media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L Z was proved to have the richest total content for both cultivars.
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Prediction of the Adult T-Cell Leukemia Inhibitory Activity of Blueberry Leaves/Stems Using Direct-Injection Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101343. [PMID: 35631768 PMCID: PMC9147563 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although Vaccinium virgatum Aiton leaves and stems inhibit adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells, leaves and stems can differ between individual plants and by time and location. In this study, leaf and stem components were profiled in the same individual plant using direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry (DI-EI-MS) metabolomics, with the aims of analyzing the anti-ATL activity, and quantifying proanthocyanidins (PACs). Leaves, stems, and leaf/stem mixtures showed distinct and characteristic spectra. Anti-ATL activity was stronger in stems than leaves, and the PAC content was higher in stems than leaves. These data were subjected to bivariate analysis to identify the factor (m/z) responsible for the inhibitory effect of ATL based on the highest coefficient of determination (R2). The results of this DI-EI-MS metabolomics analysis suggest that among PACs contained in V. virgatum stems and leaves, the fragment ion at m/z 149 contributes significantly to anti-ATL activity.
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11
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Precup G, Teleky BE, Ranga F, Vodnar DC. Assessment of Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Xylo-Oligosaccharides and Glucose-Enriched Doughs Fermented with BB-12. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040553. [PMID: 35453752 PMCID: PMC9027653 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are considered indigestible fibers that could support the growth of potentially beneficial gut microbes, thus classified as “prebiotics”. Prebiotics are “a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit” as defined by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. The current work aimed to study the effect of XOS and glucose addition on wheat flour sourdough fermented with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) strain in terms of organic acid production and on the rheological properties of the doughs. The effect of XOS addition increased the production of organic acids, and positively influenced the rheological properties of the dough. Additionally, after frozen storage, there were no significant viscoelastic changes in the dough structure, which indicates that xylo-oligosaccharides improved the water retention capability of the dough. Through fermentation carbohydrates like, glucose, xylose, maltose, and XOS were consumed, and a high quantity of lactic and acetic acid were produced, organic acids with roles in the flavor generation and sensorial properties of the final product. This study showed the potential use of XOS as food ingredient in sourdoughs for bakery products manufacturing with improved quality and rheological properties. Abstract Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are considered non-digestible fibers produced mainly from agricultural biomass and are classified as “emerging prebiotic” compounds. Since XOS were shown to promote the growth of bifidobacteria in the gut with potential effects on one’s health, scientists used them as food ingredients. For example, the addition of XOS in bakery products could improve their physicochemical characteristics. The current work aimed to investigate the effect of XOS and glucose addition on wheat flour sourdough fermented with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12) strain in terms of organic acid production. The effect on viscoelastic changes during frozen storage and after the thawing process was also studied. The results showed that the viability of BB-12 increased slightly with the increase in XOS and glucose concentrations, which determined dough acidification due to accumulation of organic acids, that positively influenced the dough’s rheological properties such as a higher elasticity before and after frozen storage. With 10% XOS-addition, the acetic acid quantity reached 0.87 ± 0.03 mg/L, and the highest lactic acid concentration was found in the 10% XOS-enriched doughs, the glucose-enriched doughs and in the control sample (100% wheat dough). The quantity of glucose, maltose, XOS, and xylose decreased until the end of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Precup
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăstur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăstur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.-E.T.); (D.C.V.)
| | - Floricuța Ranga
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăstur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăstur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.P.); (F.R.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăstur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.-E.T.); (D.C.V.)
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12
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Mycofumigation of postharvest blueberries with volatile compounds from Trichoderma atroviride IC-11 is a promising tool to control rots caused by Botrytis cinerea. Food Microbiol 2022; 106:104040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Ștefănescu BE, Nemes SA, Teleky BE, Călinoiu LF, Mitrea L, Martău GA, Szabo K, Mihai M, Vodnar DC, Crișan G. Microencapsulation and Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds of Vaccinium Leaf Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040674. [PMID: 35453359 PMCID: PMC9030406 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Vaccinium spp. (bilberry-VMT, lingonberry-VVIT, and blueberry-VCS) have sparked particular interest for their prospective health benefits. The latest investigations have place them as important alternative sources of nutraceuticals as their leaves are the main by-products of berry harvesting. The present study is aimed at investigating the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from leaves of the Vaccinium species, both as microencapsulated powder and aqueous extracts, following exposure to in vitro simulated digestion. Moreover, the impact of maltodextrin and glucose microencapsulation carriers on the extracts’ phenolic content was assessed. Prior to encapsulation, the viscosity of the emulsions was shown at a shear stress of 50 s−1 dilatant and a Newtonian behaviour above this value with a final viscosity between 1.024 and 1.049 mPa·s. The final microencapsulation yield for the samples ranged between 79 and 81%. Although the microencapsulated forms presented a targeted release at the intestinal level, the phenolic content decreased after gastrointestinal digestion. The bioaccessibility of the microencapsulated extracts showed higher values than their non-encapsulated counterparts, with the highest value of 45.43% in the VVIT sample, followed by VCS with 41.07%. However, the non-encapsulated VCS sample presented high bioaccessibility after in vitro digestion (38.65%). As concluded, further in vivo research should be conducted on the leaves of the Vaccinium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Eugenia Ștefănescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.E.Ș.); (G.C.)
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Silvia-Amalia Nemes
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.-A.N.); (L.F.C.); (L.M.); (G.A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lavinia Florina Călinoiu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.-A.N.); (L.F.C.); (L.M.); (G.A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Laura Mitrea
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.-A.N.); (L.F.C.); (L.M.); (G.A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Gheorghe Adrian Martău
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.-A.N.); (L.F.C.); (L.M.); (G.A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Katalin Szabo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.-A.N.); (L.F.C.); (L.M.); (G.A.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Mihaela Mihai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.-A.N.); (L.F.C.); (L.M.); (G.A.M.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (D.C.V.); Tel.: +40-747-341-881 (D.C.V.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (S.-A.N.); (L.F.C.); (L.M.); (G.A.M.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (D.C.V.); Tel.: +40-747-341-881 (D.C.V.)
| | - Gianina Crișan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (B.E.Ș.); (G.C.)
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Musilová J, Franková H, Lidiková J, Vollmannová A, Bojňanská T, Jurítková J. The content of bioactive substances and their antioxidant effects in European blueberry (
Vaccinium myrtillus
L.) influenced by different ways of their processing. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janette Musilová
- Institute of Food Sciences Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra Slovakia
| | - Hana Franková
- Institute of Food Sciences Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra Slovakia
| | - Judita Lidiková
- Institute of Food Sciences Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra Slovakia
| | - Alena Vollmannová
- Institute of Food Sciences Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Bojňanská
- Institute of Food Sciences Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, SUA Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2 Nitra Slovakia
| | - Jana Jurítková
- Private Joint School EDUCO Slanická osada 2178 Námestovo Slovakia
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15
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Nanocarriers for Sustainable Active Packaging: An Overview during and Post COVID-19. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lockdown has been installed due to the fast spread of COVID-19, and several challenges have occurred. Active packaging was considered a sustainable option for mitigating risks to food systems during COVID-19. Biopolymeric-based active packaging incorporating the release of active compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity represents an innovative solution for increasing shelf life and maintaining food quality during transportation from producers to consumers. However, food packaging requires certain physical, chemical, and mechanical performances, which biopolymers such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids have not satisfied. In addition, active compounds have low stability and can easily burst when added directly into biopolymeric materials. Due to these drawbacks, encapsulation into lipid-based, polymeric-based, and nanoclay-based nanocarriers has currently captured increased interest. Nanocarriers can protect and control the release of active compounds and can enhance the performance of biopolymeric matrices. The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview regarding the benefits of released active compound-loaded nanocarriers in developing sustainable biopolymeric-based active packaging with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Nanocarriers improve physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the biopolymeric matrix and increase the bioactivity of released active compounds. Furthermore, challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and a brief post-COVID-19 scenario were also mentioned.
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Bilawal A, Ishfaq M, Gantumur MA, Qayum A, Shi R, Fazilani SA, Anwar A, Jiang Z, Hou J. A review of the bioactive ingredients of berries and their applications in curing diseases. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Vaccinium virgatum Aiton Leaves Extract Suppressed Lipid Accumulation and Uric Acid Production in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122638. [PMID: 34961109 PMCID: PMC8705443 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton; Kinisato 35 Gou) leaves have recently attracted increasing attention as a useful material for the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Here, we examined the effects of the hot water extract of blueberry leaves (BLEx) on lipogenesis and uric acid production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that BLEx suppressed lipid accumulation and the mRNA expression of differentiation markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A fractionation study showed that the highly polymerized proanthocyanidin-rich fraction was responsible for this effect. Upon maturation to adipocytes, 3T3-L1 cells produced uric acid and tumor necrosis factor-α, and hypoxia stimulated the production of uric acid and xanthine oxidoreductase activity. BLEx suppressed the production of uric acid under these conditions. Although BLEx inhibited the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase, this activity was observed in several fractions containing catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and low molecular weight proanthocyanidins. Taken together, these results indicate that BLEx contains various compounds with the ability to suppress lipid accumulation and uric acid production in adipocytes.
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18
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Macari A, Sturza R, Lung I, Soran ML, Opriş O, Balan G, Ghendov-Mosanu A, Vodnar DC, Cojocari D. Antimicrobial Effects of Basil, Summer Savory and Tarragon Lyophilized Extracts in Cold Storage Sausages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216678. [PMID: 34771086 PMCID: PMC8588386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of functional foods with bioactive components of natural origin is current for the food industry. Plant extracts rich in polyphenols with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity are a promising source for use in improving the quality and characteristics of fresh meat and meat products. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the physico-chemical, microbiological, sensory properties of sausages prepared with the addition of lyophilized extract of basil, thyme or tarragon. For the beginning, the total amount of polyphenols, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the extracts obtained from three spices were evaluated. In the sausages previously infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli it was observed that there is a much larger number of colonies of microorganisms in the control sample compared to the other samples within 24 and 48 h. Moreover, following the addition of sausage extracts, no changes were found regarding their sensory acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Macari
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor Street, MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova; (A.M.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Rodica Sturza
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor Street, MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova; (A.M.); (A.G.-M.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Ildiko Lung
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (O.O.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Maria-Loredana Soran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Ocsana Opriş
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-L.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Greta Balan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, “Nicolae Testemitanu State” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 165 Stefan cel Mare Bd., MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (G.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Aliona Ghendov-Mosanu
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor Street, MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova; (A.M.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniela Cojocari
- Department of Preventive Medicine, “Nicolae Testemitanu State” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 165 Stefan cel Mare Bd., MD-2004 Chisinau, Moldova; (G.B.); (D.C.)
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Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Field-Grown and In Vitro Leaves, and Calluses in Blackberry and Blueberry. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the content and profile of the phenolic compounds (PCs) and antioxidant properties of field-grown leaves, in vitro leaves and in vitro callus cultures of the blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ and blueberry ‘Toro’. In vitro shoots of the selected genotypes were grown either on original Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.1 mg/L GA3 (‘Čačanska Bestrna’) or on MS medium with macroelements reduced to ½, 2 mg/L zeatin and 0.2 mg/L IAA (‘Toro’). Callus cultures were induced from in vitro leaves and established on MS medium with 2 mg/L BA and 2 mg/L 2,4-D (‘Čačanska Bestrna’) or MS medium with half strength macroelements, 2 mg/L BA, 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L NAA (‘Toro’). Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were the highest in blueberry leaves, whereas low TPC and TFC values were obtained in callus cultures of both cultivars. A higher content of PCs in blueberry leaves compared to blackberry leaves was determined by the UHPLC-DAD MS/MS technique. Quercetin derivatives and phenolic acids were the dominant PCs in the leaves of both berries, whereas gallocatechin was present in a significant amount in blueberry leaves. Callus cultures of both berries had a specific PC profile, with none detected in the leaves except quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. Blackberry leaves showed the best antioxidant properties as estimated by ferric reducing power (FRP), ABTS•+ and DPPH• scavenging activity assays. Callus cultures of both berries exhibited three to five times lower ABTS•+ and ten to seventeen times lower DPPH• scavenging activity compared to corresponding leaves. The analyzed leaves and callus cultures can be a good source of PCs with good antioxidant properties and specific phenolics, respectively, for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Koshovyi O, Granica S, Piwowarski JP, Stremoukhov O, Kostenko Y, Kravchenko G, Krasilnikova O, Zagayko A. Highbush Blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Leaves Extract and Its Modified Arginine Preparation for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome-Chemical Analysis and Bioactivity in Rat Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:2870. [PMID: 34445028 PMCID: PMC8400930 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Highbush blueberry) as a berry crop is developing dynamically, especially in warm temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions of the world. When blueberry is cultivated on plantations, the bushes are pruned annually, and tons of leaves become waste. Thus, the aim of the present study was to create a preparation from blueberry leaves, study their chemical composition and determine their potential as a dietary supplement for the prophylactic and correction of the metabolic syndrome. Several schemes for obtaining extracts from blueberry leaves have been developed, including one with addition of arginine. A total of 18 phenolic substances were identified and quantified in the extracts by TLC and HPLC methods. Chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, and rutin were shown to be dominating constituents. Quantitative determination of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and other phenolics in the extracts was performed by spectrophotometric method. The extracts administration led to a significant decrease in the level of glucose, insulin and triacylglycerols in blood serum of adult mature inbred rats with insulin resistance induced by the fructose-enriched diet. The most promising one was the extract modified with arginine. The determined hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of chemically standardized extracts from highbush blueberry leaves indicate the potential of this crop residue in utilization as a dietary supplement recommended in prevention of ailments associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Koshovyi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (O.K.); (O.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- MicrobiotaLab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- MicrobiotaLab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Oleksandr Stremoukhov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (O.K.); (O.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuliia Kostenko
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (O.K.); (O.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ganna Kravchenko
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (G.K.); (O.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Oksana Krasilnikova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (G.K.); (O.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andriy Zagayko
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (G.K.); (O.K.); (A.Z.)
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21
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Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Sensory Properties, and Emotions Induced for the Consumers of Nutraceutical Beverages Developed from Technological Functionalised Food Industry By-Products. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111620. [PMID: 33172204 PMCID: PMC7695030 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop nutraceutical beverages containing food processing by-products in their formulation, and determine the opinion of consumers. This is done by testing whether they know that the main ingredients of the product are by-products, performing an overall acceptability test of the developed beverages, and evaluating the emotions induced by the newly developed beverages for consumers. The main ingredients used for the preparation of added-value beverages were fermented milk permeate (containing galactooligosaccharides), extruded and fermented wheat bran (WB) (containing ≥6.0 log10 CFU g−1 viable antimicrobial properties showing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains), and different fruit/berry by-products (FBB) (as a source of compounds showing antioxidant properties). The definition of the quantities of bioactive ingredients was based on the overall acceptability of the prepared beverages, as well as on emotions induced in consumers by the tested beverages. Functional properties of the developed beverages were proofed by the evaluation of their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, as well as viable LAB count during storage. Desirable changes in extruded and fermented WB were obtained: Fermentation reduced sugar concentration and pH in samples with predominant lactic acid isomer L(+). In addition, the viable LAB count in the substrate was higher than 6.0 log10 CFU g−1, and no enterobacteria remained. By comparing the overall acceptability of the beverages enriched with WB, the highest overall acceptability was shown for the samples prepared with 10 g of the extruded and fermented WB (7.9 points). FBB showed desirable antimicrobial activity: Shepherd inhibited—2, sea buckthorn—3, blueberries—5, and raspberries—7 pathogens from the 10 tested. Comparing different beverage groups prepared with different types of FBB, in most cases (except sea buckthorn), by increasing FBB content the beverages overall acceptability was increased, and the highest score (on average, 9.5 points) was obtained for the samples prepared with 5.0 and 7.5 g of blueberries FBB. Moreover, a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.8525) was found between overall acceptability and emotion “happy” induced in consumers by the prepared beverages enriched with extruded and fermented WB and FBB. By comparing the samples prepared with the addition of WB with samples prepared with WB and FBB, it was observed that most FBB increased total phenolic compounds (TPC) content (on average, by 9.0%), except in the case of samples prepared with sea buckthorn. A very high positive correlation (r = 0.9919) was established between TPC and antioxidant activity. Finally, it can be stated that the newly developed nutraceutical beverages were acceptable for consumers, induced positive emotions, and possessed desirable antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, while being prepared in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner.
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