1
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Tang W, Zhu H, Xi W, Qiu Y, Qian L. Cage‐shaped octaphenyl silsesquioxane with micro‐nano dispersibility for strengthening intumescent flame retardancy in polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing People's Republic of China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Benecke‐Changshun Auto Trim (Zhangjiagang) Co. Ltd Zhangjiagang Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing People's Republic of China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing People's Republic of China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Qian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing People's Republic of China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing People's Republic of China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing People's Republic of China
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2
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Białek M, Czaja K. Application of Silsesquioxanes in the Preparation of Polyolefin-Based Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1876. [PMID: 36902992 PMCID: PMC10004241 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a review of studies on the use of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) of various structures in the synthesis of polyolefins and the modification of their properties, namely: (1) components of organometallic catalytic systems for the polymerization of olefins, (2) comonomers in the copolymerization with ethylene, and (3) fillers in composites based on polyolefins. In addition, studies on the use of new silicon compounds, i.e., siloxane-silsesquioxane resins, as fillers for composites based on polyolefins are presented. The authors dedicate this paper to Professor Bogdan Marciniec on the occasion of his jubilee.
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3
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Sztorch B, Nowak K, Frydrych M, Leśniewska J, Krysiak K, Przekop RE, Olejnik A. Improving the Dispersibility of TiO 2 in the Colloidal System Using Trifunctional Spherosilicates. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1442. [PMID: 36837072 PMCID: PMC9963084 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide is a commonly used ingredient in cosmetics acting as a thickening agent and inorganic UV filter. However, TiO2 is difficult to disperse, which causes problems in spreading the formulations. The solution to this problem is to modify the titanium dioxide surface to change its properties by creation of the new type of hybrid inorganic-organic UV filter. Therefore, this study aimed to functionalize titanium dioxide with organosilicon compounds and determine how this modification will affect the dispersibility of TiO2 in the colloidal system and the stability of emulsions. First, the functionalized octaspherosilicates were obtained and characterized. Next, the synthesized compounds were applied as modifiers for titanium dioxide and were analyzed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, and laser diffraction. Furthermore, the hydrophilic-hydrophobic character was assessed by measuring the contact angle. The new materials were introduced into emulsions and the formulations were analyzed in terms of particle size distribution and stability by multiple light scattering. It was found that the modification of titanium dioxide with spherosilicates significantly improved both the stability of emulsion and the dispersibility of novel materials in the colloidal system compared to nonmodified TiO2. The covalent binding of the modifier with the titanium dioxide had an impact on the stability of the emulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Sztorch
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Miłosz Frydrych
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Leśniewska
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaudia Krysiak
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert E. Przekop
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Olejnik
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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4
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Legrand S, Kabir R, Kärkkäinen A. New Phenanthrenyl‐Substituted Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Polysiloxanes for Optoelectronic Applications. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakib Kabir
- Optitune Oy Tutkijankuja 5 90590 Oulu Finland
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5
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Nawaz A, Kumar P. Thermal degradation of hazardous 3-layered COVID-19 face mask through pyrolysis: Kinetic, thermodynamic, prediction modelling using ANN and volatile product characterization. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022; 139:104538. [PMID: 36193262 PMCID: PMC9518071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, wearing a 3-layered face mask (3LFM) to protect against coronavirus illness (COVID-19) has become commonplace, resulting in massive, hazardous solid waste. Since most of them are infected with viruses, a secure way of disposal is necessary to prevent further virus spread. Pyrolysis treatment has recently developed as an effective method for disposing of such hazardous waste and consequently converting them into energy products. In this regard, the goal of the present study is to physicochemically characterize the 3LFM followed by pyrolysis in a TGA to evaluate the pyrolysis performance, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters and in a semi-batch reactor to characterize the volatile product. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to forecast thermal deterioration data. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between real and anticipated values. The study proved the relevance of the ANN model and the applicability of pyrolysis for disposing of 3LFM while simultaneously producing energy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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6
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New Ceramics Precursors Containing Si and Ge Atoms-Cubic Germasilsesquioxanes-Synthesis, Thermal Decomposition and Spectroscopic Analysis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041441. [PMID: 35209229 PMCID: PMC8880693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Compounds of the silsesquioxane type are attractive material precursors. High molecular weights and well-defined structures predestine them to create ceramics with a controlled composition at the molecular level. New molecular precursors of ceramic materials with the ratio of Si:Ge = 7:1 atoms were obtained. The influence of organic substituents on the thermal decomposition processes of germasilsesquioxanes was investigated. Some of the structures obtained are characterized by a high non-volatile residue after the thermal decomposition process. The introduction of the germanium atom to the structure of the silsesquioxane molecular cage reduces the thermal stability of the obtained structures.
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7
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Pohl S, Janka O, Füglein E, Kickelbick G. Thermoplastic Silsesquioxane Hybrid Polymers with a Local Ladder-Type Structure. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Pohl
- Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Füglein
- NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH, Wittelsbacherstraße 42, 95100 Selb, Germany
| | - Guido Kickelbick
- Inorganic Solid-State Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus, Building C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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8
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Silicon-Containing Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020188. [PMID: 33430192 PMCID: PMC7825594 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When thinking about a chemical element that has contributed to the technological progress over the last two centuries, carbon and all carbon-based materials immediately come to mind [...].
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Januszewski R, Orwat B, Merna J, Kownacki I. A library of new bifunctional alkenes obtained by a highly regiodivergent silylation of 1,5-hexadiene. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38956-38960. [PMID: 35492503 PMCID: PMC9044431 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07468g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient methodology for the synthesis of two groups of silicon-containing alkenes is reported. It includes a highly regioselective functionalization of 1,5-hexadiene through hydrosilylation and dehydrogenative silylation with organofunctional silanes and siloxanes. The established conditions enable selective monofunctionalization of 1,5-hexadiene regardless of the organosilicon modifier used as well as the type of functional group bonded to the silicon-based compound. All products were isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and MS techniques. An efficient methodology for the synthesis of two groups of silicon-containing alkenes is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Januszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Orwat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Merna
- University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ireneusz Kownacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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Zhang C, Zhang J, Xu T, Sima H, Hou J. Effects of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polysiloxane Foam. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4570. [PMID: 33066577 PMCID: PMC7602122 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The thermal and mechanical properties of polysiloxane foam are greatly improved by the addition of acrylolsobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA0701, hereinafter referred to as MAPOSS), which has double bonds. The morphologies and properties of the polysiloxane composite foam were characterized. The average cell diameter of the composite foams decreased, while the cell density increased with increasing MAPOSS. Meanwhile, MAPOSS can enhance thermal conductivity and thermal stability. Thermal conductivity increased by 25%, and the temperature at the maximum weight loss rate increased from 556 °C to 599 °C. In addition, MAPOSS also promoted heterogeneous nucleation by functioning as a nucleating agent, which can increase cell density to improve the mechanical properties. The compressive strength of the composite foam increased by 170% compared with that of pure foam. In the composite, MAPOSS increased the cross-linking density by acting as a physical cross-linking point and limited the movement of the segments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiazi Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130022, China; (C.Z.); (J.Z.); (T.X.); (H.S.)
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11
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Seidi F, Movahedifar E, Naderi G, Akbari V, Ducos F, Shamsi R, Vahabi H, Saeb MR. Flame Retardant Polypropylenes: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081701. [PMID: 32751298 PMCID: PMC7464193 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity plastic known for high rigidity and crystallinity, which is suitable for a wide range of applications. However, high flammability of PP has always been noticed by users as a constraint; therefore, a variety of additives has been examined to make PP flame-retardant. In this work, research papers on the flame retardancy of PP have been comprehensively reviewed, classified in terms of flame retardancy, and evaluated based on the universal dimensionless criterion of Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). The classification of additives of well-known families, i.e., phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, mineral, carbon-based, bio-based, and hybrid flame retardants composed of two or more additives, was reflected in FRI mirror calculated from cone calorimetry data, whatever heat flux and sample thickness in a given series of samples. PP composites were categorized in terms of flame retardancy performance as Poor, Good, or Excellent cases. It also attempted to correlate other criteria like UL-94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) with FRI values, giving a broad view of flame retardancy performance of PP composites. The collected data and the conclusions presented in this survey should help researchers working in the field to select the best additives among possibilities for making the PP sufficiently flame-retardant for advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Elnaz Movahedifar
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Ghasem Naderi
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14965/115, Iran; (E.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Vahideh Akbari
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
| | - Franck Ducos
- Université de Lorraine, IUT de Moselle Est, IUTSGM, 57600 Forbach, France;
| | - Ramin Shamsi
- Research and Development Center, Marun Petrochemical Company, Mahshahr 63531 69311, Iran;
| | - Henri Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, F-57000 Metz, France;
- Correspondence: (H.V.); or (M.R.S.); Tel.: +33-(0)38-793-9186 (H.V.); +98-912-826-4307 (M.R.S.); Fax: +33-(0)38-793-9101 (H.V.)
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Ignaczak W, Ladegaard Skov A, El Fray M. Interfacial Polarization in Thermoplastic Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071486. [PMID: 32635244 PMCID: PMC7407761 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the interfacial behavior of basalt-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic blends of polypropylene and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PP/PBT). We examined the effect of two compatibilizers and two basalt fiber (BF) sizings: commercial (REF) and experimental (EXP). Differential scanning calorimetry was used to assess the influence of BFs on the phase structure of obtained composites. Furthermore, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy was used for the first time to non-destructively study the interfacial adhesion within an entire volume of BF-reinforced composites by assessing the α relaxation, DC conductivity, and Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization. The fiber-matrix adhesion was further investigated using the Havriliak-Negami model. Using complex plane analysis, the dielectric strength, which is inversely related to the adhesion, was calculated. The composites reinforced with EXP fibers showed significantly lower values of dielectric strength compared to the REF fibers, indicating better adhesion between the reinforcement and blend matrix. Static bending tests also confirmed improved fiber adhesion with EXP fibers, while also suggesting a synergistic effect between compatibilizer and sizing in enhancing interfacial properties. Thus, we conclude that substantially improved adhesion of PP/PBT BF-reinforced composites is the result of mutual interactions of functional groups of blend matrix, mostly from blend compatibilizer, and fiber surface due to sizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ignaczak
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 45, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland,
| | - Anne Ladegaard Skov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Danish Polymer Center, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 228A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark,
| | - Miroslawa El Fray
- Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 45, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland,
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Cabrera-González J, Chaari M, Teixidor F, Viñas C, Núñez R. Blue Emitting Star-Shaped and Octasilsesquioxane-Based Polyanions Bearing Boron Clusters. Photophysical and Thermal Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E1210. [PMID: 32156041 PMCID: PMC7179457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High boron content systems were prepared by the peripheral functionalisation of 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB) and octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) with two different anionic boron clusters: closo-dodecaborate (B12) and cobaltabisdicarbollide (COSAN). TPB was successfully decorated with three cluster units by an oxonium ring-opening reaction, while OVS was bonded to eight clusters by catalysed metathesis cross-coupling. The resulting compounds were spectroscopically characterised, and their solution-state photophysical properties analysed. For TPB, the presence of COSAN dramatically quenches the fluorescence emission (λem = 369 nm; ΦF = 0.8%), while B12-substituted TPB shows an appreciable emission efficiency (λem = 394 nm; ΦF = 12.8%). For octasilsesquioxanes, the presence of either COSAN or B12 seems to be responsible for ∼80 nm bathochromic shift with respect to the core emission, but both cases show low emission fluorescence (ΦF = 1.4-1.8%). In addition, a remarkable improvement of the thermal stability of OVS was observed after its functionalisation with these boron clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus U.A.B., 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.-G.); (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.V.)
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14
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15
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Januszewski R, Dutkiewicz M, Kownacki I, Marciniec B. The effect of organosilicon modifier structure on the efficiency of the polybutadiene hydrosilylation process. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01376e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Real-time FT-IR spectroscopy permitted us to determine the influence of steoelectronic properties of functional groups on hydrosilylation. This allowed the synthesis of polybutadienes equipped with attractive silicon-based functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Januszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology
| | - Michał Dutkiewicz
- Center for Advanced Technology
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kownacki
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology
| | - Bogdan Marciniec
- Center for Advanced Technology
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan
- 61-614 Poznan
- Poland
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16
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Lichtenhan JD, Pielichowski K, Blanco I. POSS-Based Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101727. [PMID: 31652651 PMCID: PMC6835917 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Pielichowski
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ignazio Blanco
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture and INSTM UdR, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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17
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Bio-Based PBT-DLA Copolyester as an Alternative Compatibilizer of PP/PBT Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091421. [PMID: 31470683 PMCID: PMC6780935 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess whether synthesized random copolyester, poly(butylene terephthalate-r-butylene dilinoleate) (PBT–DLA), containing bio-based components, can effectively compatibilize polypropylene/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PP/PBT) blends. For comparison, a commercial petrochemical triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-b-ethylene/butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS) was used. The chemical structure and block distribution of PBT–DLA was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. PP/PBT blends with different mass ratios were prepared via twin-screw extrusion with 5 wt% of each compatibilizer. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to assess changes in phase structure of PP/PBT blends. Static tensile testing demonstrated marked improvement in elongation at break, to ~18% and ~21% for PBT–DLA and SEBS, respectively. Importantly, the morphology of PP/PBT blends compatibilized with PBT–DLA copolymer showed that it is able to act as interphase modifier, being preferentially located at the interface. Therefore, we conclude that by using polycondensation and monomers from renewable resources, it is possible to obtain copolymers that efficiently modify blend miscibility, offering an alternative to widely used, rubber-like petrochemical styrene compatibilizers.
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Design and Application of Highly Efficient Flame Retardants for Polycarbonate Combining the Advantages of Cyclotriphosphazene and Silicone Oil. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071155. [PMID: 31284539 PMCID: PMC6680785 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel flame retardant (HSPCTP) was successfully designed and incorporated into a polycarbonate (PC) matrix. Combining the advantages of cyclotriphosphazene and silicone oil, PC/HSPCTP composites passed UL-94 V-0 rating testing with only 3 wt% HSPCTP, and their LOI value increased from 25.0% to 28.4%. The findings showed that HSPCTP exhibits both gas-phase and solid-phase flame-retardant effects. Furthermore, the incorporation of HSPCTP into PC could suppress the release of smoke. Finally, the flame-retardant mechanism is discussed in depth.
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Niemczyk A, Dziubek K, Grzymek M, Czaja K. Accelerated laboratory weathering of polypropylene composites filled with synthetic silicon-based compounds. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Balart R, Garcia-Sanoguera D, Quiles-Carrillo L, Montanes N, Torres-Giner S. Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Degradation of Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene by non-Isothermal Thermogravimetry. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E281. [PMID: 30960265 PMCID: PMC6419052 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents an in-depth kinetic study of the thermal degradation of recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer. Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data in nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates comprised between 2 and 30 K min-1 were used to obtain the apparent activation energy (Ea) of the thermal degradation process of ABS by isoconversional (differential and integral) model-free methods. Among others, the differential Friedman method was used. Regarding integral methods, several methods with different approximations of the temperature integral were used, which gave different accuracies in Ea. In particular, the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and the Starink methods were used. The results obtained by these methods were compared to the Kissinger method based on peak temperature (Tm) measurements at the maximum degradation rate. Combined Kinetic Analysis (CKA) was also carried out by using a modified expression derived from the general Sestak-Berggren equation with excellent results compared with the previous methods. Isoconversional methods revealed negligible variation of Ea with the conversion. Furthermore, the reaction model was assessed by calculating the characteristic y ( α ) and z ( α ) functions and comparing them with some master plots, resulting in a nth order reaction model with n = 1.4950, which allowed calculating the pre-exponential factor (A) of the Arrhenius constant. The results showed that Ea of the thermal degradation of ABS was 163.3 kJ mol-1, while ln A was 27.5410 (A in min-1). The predicted values obtained by integration of the general kinetic expression with the calculated kinetic triplet were in full agreement with the experimental data, thus giving evidence of the accuracy of the obtained kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Balart
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - David Garcia-Sanoguera
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Nestor Montanes
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
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