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Qin W, Xing T, Tang B, Chen W. Mechanical properties and osteogenesis of CFR-PEEK composite with interface strengthening by graphene oxide for implant application. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106222. [PMID: 37948919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 1 wt% of graphite oxide (GO) was used to strengthen the interface of carbon fibers (CF) reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) composites, so as to obtain sufficiently high mechanical properties and bioactive surfaces which are two fundamental requirements for orthopedic/dental implants. Concretely, aminated GO was grafted onto oxidized CF in aqueous solution in a mild and non-toxic manner, subsequently, the CF grafted by GO was used for injection molding to prepare CFR-PEEK implant. The dispersibility of CF in the composites were remarkably boosted. Mechanical tests indicated that the flexural strength, compressive strength and hardness of CFR-PEEK were increased by 51%, 46%, and 30%, respectively. Furthermore, the flexural modulus increased to 11.67 ± 0.20 GPa and the compression modulus increased to 6.12 ± 0.11 GPa, which both meet the elastic modulus of human bone (6-30 GPa). The wear resistance was slightly improved. In the in vitro cell evaluation, CFR-PEEK with interface strengthening by GO showed no cytotoxicity and exhibited significantly enhanced adhesion and proliferation of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the surface. More importantly, osteogenesis-related protein expression in vitro and osteogenetic evaluation in vivo all disclosed greatly accelerated osteo-differentiation of BMSCs on the composites due to the additive effect of GO at the interface. Based on this scheme, the CFR-PEEK composites with the dual functions of mechanical enhancement and osteointegration promotion holds great potential as implants in orthopedic/dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Tong Xing
- Engineering Research Center of Heavy Mechanical, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030060, China.
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A N, Taha M, Ibrahim AMM, A K A. Role of hybrid nanofiller GNPs/Al 2O 3 on enhancing the mechanical and tribological performance of HDPE composite. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12447. [PMID: 37528218 PMCID: PMC10394009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique mechanical properties and wear resistance of HDPE give it the potential as an alternative to frictional material. The current research focuses on using hybrid nanoparticles with various loading fillers to determine the best additive contents. The mechanical and tribological characteristics were examined and evaluated. The HDPE nanocomposite samples containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.% filling content of Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and 0.5, and 1.0 wt.% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were fabricated. The results showed a good enhancement in the mechanical and tribological properties of HDPE composites with the presence of nano additives. The HDPE nanocomposites recorded the best performance with a loading amount of 2.0 wt.% with an equal ratio of hybrid nanofiller Al2O3 NPs and GNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabhan A
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Taha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technology, Arab Academy of Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Sadat Road, P.O. Box 11, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Ibrahim
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Ameer A K
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
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Patel V, Joshi U, Joshi A, Matanda BK, Chauhan K, Oza AD, Burduhos-Nergis DP, Burduhos-Nergis DD. Multi-Walled Carbon-Nanotube-Reinforced PMMA Nanocomposites: An Experimental Study of Their Friction and Wear Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2785. [PMID: 37447431 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript presents an experimental investigation of the friction and wear properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites reinforced with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of MWCNTs as a reinforcement material for enhancing the tribological performance of PMMA. Three types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, i.e., pristine, hydroxyl functionalized, and carboxyl functionalized, were utilized in this study. The nanocomposite samples were prepared by dispersing varying concentrations of MWCNTs (0.1 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, and 1 wt.%) within the PMMA matrix via a 3D mixing approach, followed by injection molding/compression molding. The resulting nanocomposite films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the dispersion of MWCNTs within the PMMA matrix. The friction and wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding conditions. The effects of functionalization and MWCNT content on the tribological behaviors of the nanocomposites were analyzed. The nanocomposites exhibited lower friction coefficients and reduced wear rates compared to pure PMMA. The lowest friction coefficient and wear rate were achieved at an optimum MWCNT loading of 0.5 wt.%. It was further revealed that the amount of MWCNT reinforcement, average load, and track diameter significantly affect the coefficient of friction (COF) and rate of wear. The COF and wear rate are best at a filler loading of 0.5 wt.%, a 20 Kg load, and 90 mm. The improved tribological performance of the MWCNT-reinforced PMMA nanocomposites can be attributed to the effective transfer of load between the MWCNTs and the PMMA matrix, as well as the reinforcement effect of the MWCNTs. The MWCNTs acted as reinforcing agents, enhancing the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Unnati Joshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Joshi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Kamlesh Chauhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Charusat University, Anand 388421, Gujarat, India
| | - Ankit D Oza
- Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Dumitru-Doru Burduhos-Nergis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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Shtertser A, Zlobin B, Kiselev V, Shemelin S, Ukhina A, Dudina D. Cyclic Impact Compaction of an Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Powder and Properties of the Compacts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6706. [PMID: 36234046 PMCID: PMC9570798 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Experiments on Cyclic Impact Compaction (CIC) of UHMWPE powder GUR 4120 were carried out on a laboratory hydro-pneumatic impact device. This device provides impact energies of up to 1 kJ with a frequency of impacts of 9 s-1 and enables producing dense and robust compacts in the form of disks with a diameter of up to 60 mm and a height of up to 24 mm. The optimal parameters of the CIC were determined, which are the preheating temperature of the powder, the impact energy and the number of impacts. The strength, Brinell hardness and elongation of the resulting compacts with a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 15 mm were 37.5 MPa, 49.0 MPa and 470%, respectively. The possibility of activating UHMWPE powder by explosive loading was studied. It was found that the explosive pretreatment reduces the mechanical properties of the resultant compacts. The CIC method is suitable for the manufacture of UHMWPE-based composites with nano-additives, as evidenced by the successful production of compacts containing nanoscale detonation carbon as an additive. The results of the present study show that the CIC method is promising for the industrial production of small-sized UHMWPE parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Shtertser
- Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave. 15, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Boris Zlobin
- Design and Technology Branch of Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tereshkovoi Str. 29, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Victor Kiselev
- Design and Technology Branch of Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tereshkovoi Str. 29, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei Shemelin
- Design and Technology Branch of Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tereshkovoi Str. 29, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Arina Ukhina
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kutateladze Str. 18, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dina Dudina
- Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave. 15, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kutateladze Str. 18, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Liu CY, Mikoshiba S, Kobayashi Y, Ishigami A, Yorifuji D, Tanifuji SI, Ito H. Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of a Self-Wiping Corotating Parallel Octa-Screw Extruder. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061201. [PMID: 35335532 PMCID: PMC8953573 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An octa-screw extruder (OSE) is equipment for pelletizing, blending, and mixing polymers and composites. In this study, the degree of resin filling, residence time distribution (RTD) of molten resin, and temperature profile in the octa-screw extruder were evaluated both experimentally and numerically. An intermeshing corotating parallel octa-screw kneading extruder was used for the experiments. For the comparison study, the results obtained from this extruder were compared with the twin-screw extruder. High-density polyethylene was selected as the material for extrusion. Meanwhile, a numerical code, based on a 2.5 D finite element method derived from the Hele–Shaw flow model, was developed to simulate the octa-screw extrusion process. The empirical outcomes suggest that octa-screw extrusion exhibited a narrower RTD of the molten resin compared with the twin-screw extrusion, suggesting better extrudate quality. The octa-screw extrusion also showed a lower temperature profile than twin-screw extrusion. The results of the simulation were also found to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. Experimental and numerical investigations of an OSE enable detailed comprehension and visualization of resin distribution in the entire length of the OSE, thus providing advantages in terms of process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ying Liu
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; (C.-Y.L.); (S.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Shota Mikoshiba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; (C.-Y.L.); (S.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Yutaka Kobayashi
- Research Center for Green Materials and Advanced Processing, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
| | - Akira Ishigami
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; (C.-Y.L.); (S.M.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Green Materials and Advanced Processing, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Yorifuji
- HASL, Shakuji machi, Nerimaku, Tokyo 177-0041, Japan; (D.Y.); (S.-i.T.)
| | | | - Hiroshi Ito
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan; (C.-Y.L.); (S.M.); (A.I.)
- Research Center for Green Materials and Advanced Processing, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-238-26-3081
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Lee JG, Jeong JO, Jeong SI, Park JS. Radiation-Based Crosslinking Technique for Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of HDPE/EVA/PU Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2832. [PMID: 34451369 PMCID: PMC8401421 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosslinking of polyolefin-based polymers can improve their thermal and mechanical properties, which can then be used in various applications. Radiation-induced crosslinking can be done easily and usefully by irradiation without a crosslinking agent. In addition, polymer blending can improve thermal and mechanical properties, and chemical resistance, compared to conventional single polymers. In this study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/polyurethane (PU) blends were prepared by radiation crosslinking to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of HDPE. This is because HDPE, a polyolefin-based polymer, has the weaknesses of low thermal resistance and flexibility, even though it has good mechanical strength and machinability. In contrast, EVA has good flexibility and PU has excellent thermal properties and wear resistance. The morphology and mechanical properties (e.g., tensile and flexure strength) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a universal testing machine (UTM). The gel fraction, thermal shrinkage, and abrasion resistance of samples were confirmed. In particular, after storing at 180 °C for 1 h, the crosslinked HDPE-PU-EVA blends exhibited ~4-times better thermal stability compared to non-crosslinked HDPE. When subjected to a radiation dose of 100 kGy, the strength of HDPE increased, but the elongation sharply decreased (80%). On the other hand, the strength of the HDPE-PU-EVA blends was very similar to that of HDPE, and the elongation was more than 3-times better (320%). Finally, the abrasion resistance of crosslinked HDPE-PU-EVA was ~9-times better than the crosslinked HDPE. Therefore, this technology can be applied to various polymer products requiring high heat resistance and flexibility, such as electric cables and industrial pipes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jong-Seok Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (J.-G.L.); (J.-O.J.); (S.-I.J.)
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