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Queffelec J, Flórez-Fernández N, Torres MD, Domínguez H. Evernia prunastri lichen as a source of bioactive glucans with potential for topical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128859. [PMID: 38134984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microwave hydrothermal treatment was selected to extract valuable fractions with bioactive and gelling properties from Evernia prunastri lichen with potential for topical applications. The impact of the extraction processing conditions on the soluble extracts, mucilage fraction and residual solid phase was analyzed within a lichen global valorization approach. A particular stress was made on the thermo-rheological and structural characteristics of the extracted glucan and galactomannan polymers, the corresponding gelled matrices, and their cosmetic feasibility. Results revealed that the proposed microwave-assisted treatment showed a relevant influence on the phytochemical features of the aqueous soluble extracts, accounting the major protein content at 120 °C and the enhanced antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties at 140 °C. Extracts at 200 °C showed the highest anti-inflammatory (COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition) efficacies. The biopolymer analyses indicated that those recovered after lichen hydrothermal treatment at 160 °C featured a good extraction performance, the highest molecular weight, apparent viscosity, and antiproliferative potential. The thermo-rheological properties of the corresponding matrices formulated at 10 % and 60 or 80 °C exhibited the strongest and most thermo-reversible characteristics, as well as antifreezing feasibility. Another advantage of the selected fractions was the absence of skin irritation according to the in vitro skin irritation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Queffelec
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Chemical Engineering, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - N Flórez-Fernández
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Chemical Engineering, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M D Torres
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Chemical Engineering, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - H Domínguez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Chemical Engineering, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Bernal RAO, Olekhnovich RO, Uspenskaya MV. Influence of Thermal Treatment and Acetic Acid Concentration on the Electroactive Properties of Chitosan/PVA-Based Micro- and Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3719. [PMID: 37765573 PMCID: PMC10534511 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents, for the first time, a comprehensive investigation of the influence of pre- and post-fabrication parameters for the electroactive properties of electrospun chitosan/PVA-based micro- and nanofibers. Chitosan/PVA fibers were fabricated using electrospinning, characterized, and tested as electroactive materials. Solutions with different acetic acid contents (50, 60, 70, and 80 v/v%) were used, and the rheological properties of the solutions were analyzed. Characterization techniques, such as rheology, conductivity, optical microscopy, a thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, a tensile test, and FT-IR spectroscopy, were utilized. Fiber mats from the various solutions were thermally treated, and their electroactive behavior was examined under a constant electric potential (10 V) at different pHs (2-13). The results showed that fibers electrospun from 80% acetic acid had a lower electroactive response and dissolved quickly. However, thermal treatment improved the stability and electroactive response of all fiber samples, particularly the ones spun with 80% acetic acid, which exhibited a significant increase in speed displacement from 0 cm-1 (non-thermally treated) to 1.372 cm-1 (thermally treated) at a pH of 3. This study sheds light on the influence of pre- and post-fabrication parameters on the electroactive properties of chitosan/PVA fibers, offering valuable insights for the development of electroactive materials in various applications.
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do Amaral Sobral PJ, Gebremariam G, Drudi F, De Aguiar Saldanha Pinheiro AC, Romani S, Rocculi P, Dalla Rosa M. Rheological and Viscoelastic Properties of Chitosan Solutions Prepared with Different Chitosan or Acetic Acid Concentrations. Foods 2022; 11:2692. [PMID: 36076877 PMCID: PMC9455163 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (Ch) is a partially crystalline biopolymer, insoluble in pure water but soluble in acid solutions. It has attracted interest from researchers to prepare solutions using different acid types and concentrations. This research aims to study both the effect of chitosan (Ch) or acetic acid (Ac) concentrations, at different temperatures, on rheological and viscoelastic properties of Ch solutions. To study the effect of Ch, solutions were prepared with 0.5−2.5 g Ch/100 g of solution and Ac = 1%, whereas to study the effect of Ac, the solutions were prepared with 2.0 g of Ch/100 g of solution and Ac = 0.2−1.0%. Overall, all analyzed solutions behaved as pseudoplastic fluid. The Ch strongly affected rheological properties, the consistency index (K) increased and the index flow behavior (n) decreased as a function of Ch. The activation energy, defined as the energy required for the molecule of a fluid to move freely, was low for Ch = 0.5%. The effect of Ac was less evident. Both K and n varied according to a positive and negative, respectively, parabolic model as a function of Ac. Moreover, all solutions, irrespective of Ch and Ac, behaved as diluted solutions, with G” > G’. The relaxation exponent (n”) was always higher than 0.5, confirming that these systems behaved as a viscoelastic liquid. This n” increased with Ch, but it was insensitive to Ac, being slightly higher at 45 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo José do Amaral Sobral
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 250, Semi-Industrial Building, Block C, Sao Paulo 05508-080, SP, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Gebremedhin Gebremariam
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Federico Drudi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Santina Romani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Pietro Rocculi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Marco Dalla Rosa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Márquez-Reyes JM, Rodríguez-Quiroz RE, Hernández-Rodríguez JP, Rodríguez-Romero BA, Flores-Breceda H, Napoles-Armenta J, Romero-Soto IC, Galindo-Rodríguez SA, Báez-González JG, Treviño-Garza MZ. Production and Characterization of Biocomposite Films of Bacterial Cellulose from Kombucha and Coated with Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173632. [PMID: 36080707 PMCID: PMC9460144 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to produce and characterize bacterial cellulose (BC) films coated with chitosan (BC-CH). BC films were produced in a fermentation medium based on Camellia sinensis tea and dextrose (12 days at 25 °C) and subsequently treated with coating-forming solutions (CFSs) based on chitosan (BC-CH 0.5%, BC-CH 1.0%, and BC-CH 1.5%). As a result, the FTIR spectra of BC and BC-CH 1.5% showed the main characteristic bands of cellulose and chitosan. In the physicochemical characterization of the films, it was found that the incorporation of the chitosan coatings did not affect the thickness; however, it decreased the luminosity (L*) and increased redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and opacity (75.24%). Additionally, the light absorption properties in the UV-Vis range were improved. Furthermore, the application of the CFSs increased: the solubility (64.91%), the antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (6.55 mm) and E. coli (8.25 mm), as well as the antioxidant activity (57.71% and 24.57% free radical scavenging activity), and the content of total phenols (2.45 mg GAE/g). Finally, our results suggest that the BC-CH films developed in the present study show a potential application as active packaging material for food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Márquez-Reyes
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco I. Madero S/N, Ex Hacienda el Cañada, Escobedo 66050, Mexico
| | - Rubí E. Rodríguez-Quiroz
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco I. Madero S/N, Ex Hacienda el Cañada, Escobedo 66050, Mexico
| | - Juan P. Hernández-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco I. Madero S/N, Ex Hacienda el Cañada, Escobedo 66050, Mexico
| | - Beatriz A. Rodríguez-Romero
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco I. Madero S/N, Ex Hacienda el Cañada, Escobedo 66050, Mexico
| | - Héctor Flores-Breceda
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco I. Madero S/N, Ex Hacienda el Cañada, Escobedo 66050, Mexico
| | - Juan Napoles-Armenta
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Francisco I. Madero S/N, Ex Hacienda el Cañada, Escobedo 66050, Mexico
| | - Itzel C. Romero-Soto
- Centro Universitario del Norte, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km. 191, México 45D No. 23, Colotlán 46200, Mexico
| | - Sergio A. Galindo-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Juan G. Báez-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Mayra Z. Treviño-Garza
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Pedro de Alba S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-81-8329-4000 (ext. 3670)
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