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Nadumane SS, Biswas R, Mazumder N. Integrated microfluidic platforms for heavy metal sensing: a comprehensive review. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2810-2823. [PMID: 38656324 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are found naturally; however, anthropogenic activities such as mining, inappropriate disposal of industrial waste, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers containing heavy metals can cause their unwanted release into the environment. Conventionally, detection of heavy metals is performed using atomic absorption spectrometry, electrochemical methods and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; however, they involve expensive and sophisticated instruments and multistep sample preparation that require expertise for accurate results. In contrast, microfluidic devices involve rapid, cost-efficient, simple, and reliable approaches for in-laboratory and real-time monitoring of heavy metals. The use of inexpensive and environment friendly materials for fabrication of microfluidic devices has increased the manufacturing efficiency of the devices. Different types of techniques used in heavy metal detection include colorimetry, absorbance-based, and electrochemical detection. This review provides insight into the detection of toxic heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As). Importance is given to colorimetry, optical, and electrochemical techniques applied for the detection of heavy metals using microfluidics and their modifications to improve the limit of detection (LOD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Sajankila Nadumane
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104
| | - Rajib Biswas
- Applied Optics and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India -784028
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104
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Aryal P, Hefner C, Martinez B, Henry CS. Microfluidics in environmental analysis: advancements, challenges, and future prospects for rapid and efficient monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1175-1206. [PMID: 38165815 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have emerged as advantageous tools for detecting environmental contaminants due to their portability, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response capabilities. These devices have wide-ranging applications in environmental monitoring of air, water, and soil matrices, and have also been applied to agricultural monitoring. Although several previous reviews have explored microfluidic devices' utility, this paper presents an up-to-date account of the latest advancements in this field for environmental monitoring, looking back at the past five years. In this review, we discuss devices for prominent contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, nutrients, microorganisms, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), etc. We cover numerous detection methods (electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, etc.) and critically assess the current state of microfluidic devices for environmental monitoring, highlighting both their successes and limitations. Moreover, we propose potential strategies to mitigate these limitations and offer valuable insights into future research and development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Claire Hefner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Brandaise Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Liang M, Zhang G, Song J, Tan M, Su W. Paper-Based Microfluidic Chips for Food Hazard Factor Detection: Fabrication, Modification, and Application. Foods 2023; 12:4107. [PMID: 38002165 PMCID: PMC10670051 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety and quality are paramount concerns for ensuring the preservation of human life and well-being. As the field of food processing continues to advance, there is a growing interest in the development of fast, instant, cost-effective, and convenient methods for detecting food safety issues. In this context, the utilization of paper-based microfluidic chips has emerged as a promising platform for enabling rapid detection, owing to their compact size, high throughput capabilities, affordability, and low resource consumption, among other advantages. To shed light on this topic, this review article focuses on the functionalization of paper-based microfluidic surfaces and provides an overview of the latest research and applications to colorimetric analysis, fluorescence analysis, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, as well as their integration with paper-based microfluidic platforms for achieving swift and reliable food safety detection. Lastly, the article deliberates on the challenges these analytical methods and presents insights into their future development prospects in facilitating rapid food safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Guozhi Zhang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jie Song
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wentao Su
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (M.L.); (G.Z.); (J.S.); (M.T.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Filippidou MK, Kanaris AI, Aslanidis E, Rapesi A, Tsounidi D, Ntouskas S, Skotadis E, Tsekenis G, Tsoukalas D, Tserepi A, Chatzandroulis S. Integrated Plastic Microfluidic Device for Heavy Metal Ion Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1595. [PMID: 37630131 PMCID: PMC10456536 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of heavy metal ions in soil, air and water constitutes an important global environmental threat, as these ions accumulate throughout the food chain, contributing to the rise of chronic diseases, including, amongst others, cancer and kidney failure. To date, many efforts have been made for their detection, but there is still a need for the development of sensitive, low-cost, and portable devices able to conduct on-site detection of heavy metal ions. In this work, we combine microfluidic technology and electrochemical sensing in a plastic chip for the selective detection of heavy metal ions utilizing DNAzymes immobilized in between platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), demonstrating a reliable portable solution for water pollution monitoring. For the realization of the microfluidic-based heavy metal ion detection device, a fast and easy-to-implement fabrication method based on the photolithography of dry photosensitive layers is proposed. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the detection of Pb2+ ions using the prototype microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Kyriaki Filippidou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Aris Ioannis Kanaris
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Evangelos Aslanidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (E.A.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Annita Rapesi
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (E.A.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (G.T.)
| | - Dimitra Tsounidi
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (G.T.)
| | - Sotirios Ntouskas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Evangelos Skotadis
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (E.A.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - George Tsekenis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece (G.T.)
| | - Dimitris Tsoukalas
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece; (E.A.); (E.S.); (D.T.)
| | - Angeliki Tserepi
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Stavros Chatzandroulis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR ‘‘Demokritos’’, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (M.K.F.); (A.T.)
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Filippidou MK, Chatzandroulis S. Microfluidic Devices for Heavy Metal Ions Detection: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1520. [PMID: 37630055 PMCID: PMC10456312 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of air, water and soil by heavy metal ions is one of the most serious problems plaguing the environment. These metal ions are characterized by a low biodegradability and high chemical stability and can affect humans and animals, causing severe diseases. In addition to the typical analysis methods, i.e., liquid chromatography (LC) or spectrometric methods (i.e., atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS), there is a need for the development of inexpensive, easy-to-use, sensitive and portable devices for the detection of heavy metal ions at the point of interest. To this direction, microfluidic and lab-on-chip (LOC) devices fabricated with novel materials and scalable microfabrication methods have been proposed as a promising approach to realize such systems. This review focuses on the recent advances of such devices used for the detection of the most important toxic metal ions, namely, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) ions. Particular emphasis is given to the materials, the fabrication methods and the detection methods proposed for the realization of such devices in order to provide a complete overview of the existing technology advances as well as the limitations and the challenges that should be addressed in order to improve the commercial uptake of microfluidic and LOC devices in environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stavros Chatzandroulis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
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Shtepliuk I. A DFT Study of Phosphate Ion Adsorption on Graphene Nanodots: Implications for Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5631. [PMID: 37420797 DOI: 10.3390/s23125631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of graphene nanodots (GND) and their interaction with phosphate ions have been investigated to explore their potential for optical sensing applications. The absorption spectra of pristine GND and modified GND systems were analyzed using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation investigations. The results revealed that the size of adsorbed phosphate ions on GND surfaces correlated with the energy gap of the GND systems, leading to significant modifications in their absorption spectra. The introduction of vacancies and metal dopants in GND systems resulted in variations in the absorption bands and shifts in their wavelengths. Moreover, the absorption spectra of GND systems were further altered upon the adsorption of phosphate ions. These findings provide valuable insights into the optical behavior of GND and highlight their potential for the development of sensitive and selective optical sensors for phosphate detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Shtepliuk
- Semiconductor Materials Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology-IFM, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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Sun Y, Li D, Shi Y, Wang Z, Okeke SI, Yang L, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Shi Y, Xiao L. Application of 3D Printing Technology in Sensor Development for Water Quality Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2366. [PMID: 36904570 PMCID: PMC10007434 DOI: 10.3390/s23052366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of sensors for water quality monitoring is crucial to protect water quality, aquatic biota and human health. Traditional sensor manufacturing methods have significant drawbacks, such as low fabrication freedom, limited material choice and expensive manufacturing cost. As a possible alternative method, 3D printing technologies are increasingly popular in sensor development due to their high versatility, fast fabrication/modification, powerful processing of different materials and ease of incorporation with other sensor systems. Surprisingly, a systematic review examining the application of 3D printing technology in water monitoring sensors has not yet been conducted. Here, we summarized the development history, market share and advantages/disadvantages of typical 3D printing techniques. Specifically focused on the 3D-printed sensor for water quality monitoring, we then reviewed the applications of 3D printing in the development of sensors' supporting platform, cell, sensing electrode as well as all-3D-printed sensors. The fabrication materials and processing, and the sensor's performances regarding detected parameters, response time and detection limit/sensitivity, were also compared and analyzed. Finally, the current drawbacks of 3D-printed water sensors and potential directions for future study were discussed. This review will substantially promote the understanding of 3D printing technology used in water sensor development and benefit the protection of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dunzhu Li
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yunhong Shi
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zeena Wang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Saviour I. Okeke
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luming Yang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yanqi Shi
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- TrinityHaus, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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Dahake RV, Bansiwal A. Disposable Sensors for Heavy Metals Detection: A Review of Carbon and Non‐Noble Metal‐Based Receptors. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi V. Dahake
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Nagpur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh
| | - Amit Bansiwal
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Nagpur
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Ortegón S, Peñaranda PA, Rodríguez CF, Noguera MJ, Florez SL, Cruz JC, Rivas RE, Osma JF. Magnetic Torus Microreactor as a Novel Device for Sample Treatment via Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: A Route for Arsenic Pre-Concentration. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196198. [PMID: 36234749 PMCID: PMC9572641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work studied the feasibility of using a novel microreactor based on torus geometry to carry out a sample pretreatment before its analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption. The miniaturized retention of total arsenic was performed on the surface of a magnetic sorbent material consisting of 6 mg of magnetite (Fe3O4) confined in a very small space inside (20.1 µL) a polyacrylate device filling an internal lumen (inside space). Using this geometric design, a simulation theoretical study demonstrated a notable improvement in the analyte adsorption process on the solid extractant surface. Compared to single-layer geometries, the torus microreactor geometry brought on flow turbulence within the liquid along the curvatures inside the device channels, improving the efficiency of analyte–extractant contact and therefore leading to a high preconcentration factor. According to this design, the magnetic solid phase was held internally as a surface bed with the use of an 8 mm-diameter cylindric neodymium magnet, allowing the pass of a fixed volume of an arsenic aqueous standard solution. A preconcentration factor of up to 60 was found to reduce the typical “characteristic mass” (as sensitivity parameter) determined by direct measurement from 53.66 pg to 0.88 pg, showing an essential improvement in the arsenic signal sensitivity by absorption atomic spectrometry. This methodology emulates a miniaturized micro-solid-phase extraction system for flow-through water pretreatment samples in chemical analysis before coupling to techniques that employ reduced sample volumes, such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Ortegón
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Paula Andrea Peñaranda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Cristian F. Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Mabel Juliana Noguera
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Sergio Leonardo Florez
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Ricardo E. Rivas
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Correspondence: (R.E.R.); (J.F.O.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (J.F.O.)
| | - Johann F. Osma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra. 1E No. 19a-40, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Correspondence: (R.E.R.); (J.F.O.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (J.F.O.)
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Shtepliuk I, Yakimova R. Computational Appraisal of Silver Nanocluster Evolution on Epitaxial Graphene: Implications for CO Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24739-24751. [PMID: 34604656 PMCID: PMC8482456 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Early stages of silver nucleation on a two-dimensional (2D) substrate, here, monolayer epitaxial graphene (MEG) on SiC, play a critical role in the formation of application-specific Ag nanostructures. Therefore, it is of both fundamental and practical importance to investigate the growth steps when Ag adatoms start to form a new phase. In this work, we exploit density functional theory to study the kinetics of early-stage nuclei Ag n (n = 1-9) assembly of Ag nanoparticles on MEG. We find that the Ag1 monomer tends to occupy hollow site positions of MEG and interacts with the surface mainly through weak dispersion forces. The pseudoepitaxial growth regime is revealed to dominate the formation of the planar silver clusters. The adsorption and nucleation energies of Ag n clusters exhibit evident odd-even oscillations with cluster size, pointing out the preferable adsorption and nucleation of odd-numbered clusters on MEG. The character of the interaction between a chemisorbed Ag3 cluster and MEG makes it possible to consider this trimer as the most stable nucleus for the subsequent growth of Ag nanoparticles. We reveal the general correlation between Ag/MEG interaction and Ag-Ag interaction: with increasing cluster size, the interaction between Ag adatoms increases, while the Ag/MEG interaction decreases. The general trend is also supported by the results of charge population analysis, according to which the average charge per Ag adatom in a Ag n cluster demonstrates a drastic decrement with cluster size increase. 2D-3D structural transition in Ag n clusters was investigated. We anticipate that the present investigation is beneficial by providing a better understanding of the early-stage nucleation of Ag nanoparticles on MEG at the atomic scale. Specific interaction between odd-numbered Ag clusters preadsorbed onto the MEG surface and carbon monoxide (CO) as well as clusters' stability at 300 K is discussed in terms of sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Shtepliuk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and
Biology-IFM, Linköpings Universitet, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rositsa Yakimova
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and
Biology-IFM, Linköpings Universitet, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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Epitaxial Graphene on 4H-SiC (0001) as a Versatile Platform for Materials Growth: Mini-Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Material growth on a dangling-bond-free interface such as graphene is a challenging technological task, which usually requires additional surface pre-treatment steps (functionalization, seed layer formation) to provide enough reactive sites. Being one of the most promising and adaptable graphene-family materials, epitaxial graphene on SiC, due to its internal features (substrate-induced n-doping, compressive strain, terrace-stepped morphology, bilayer graphene nano-inclusions), may provide pre-conditions for the enhanced binding affinity of environmental species, precursor molecules, and metal atoms on the topmost graphene layer. It makes it possible to use untreated pristine epitaxial graphene as a versatile platform for the deposition of metals and insulators. This mini-review encompasses relevant aspects of magnetron sputtering and electrodeposition of selected metals (Au, Ag, Pb, Hg, Cu, Li) and atomic layer deposition of insulating Al2O3 layers on epitaxial graphene on 4H-SiC, focusing on understanding growth mechanisms. Special deliberation has been given to the effect of the deposited materials on the epitaxial graphene quality. The generalization of the experimental and theoretical results presented here is hopefully an important step towards new electronic devices (chemiresistors, Schottky diodes, field-effect transistors) for environmental sensing, nano-plasmonics, and biomedical applications.
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Sarmiento V, Lockett M, Sumbarda-Ramos EG, Vázquez-Mena O. High performance Pb+2 detection using CVD-produced high quality multilayer reduced graphene oxide. NANO EXPRESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abe057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Detection of heavy metals such as Pb+2 is critical due to their high toxicity as even trace amounts of them pose a serious detrimental risk to human health. Pb2+ is one of the major toxic and persistent pollutants generated from industry and commonly found in soil, drinking water, and aquatic environments. Due to its high-mobility and one-atom thickness, graphene (Gr) based materials have shown great potential for chemical sensors of heavy metals. Recently, a novel conductive reduced-GO obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD-rMGO) showed improved layering structure and conductivity over conventional rGO based on chemically exfoliated flakes. Herein, utilizing this novel rGO obtained from chemical vapor deposition, we showed improved Pb2+ detection using both electrochemical and conductivity sensing. For electrochemical sensing, a CVD-rMGO film is used as working electrode and cyclic voltammetry is used to detect Pb+2 ions accumulated on the CVD-rMGO, obtaining a sensitivity of 4.6 nA nM−1cm−2 and a calculated limit of detection of 0.21 nM. For electrical sensing, the drain current through a CVD-rMGO was monitored as the film as exposed to different concentrations of Pb+2, reaching an estimated limit of detection of 0.101 nM. This work shows that high-quality reduced graphene oxide produced by chemical vapor deposition can serve as a basis enable high-sensitivity detectors of Pb2+.
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Yadav A, Kumar A, Verma N. Microchannel–engraved and Cu–dispersed carbon nanocomposite film as a chemiresistive sensor for aqueous metal ions. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Giorgini Escobar J, Vaněčková E, Nováková Lachmanová Š, Vivaldi F, Heyda J, Kubišta J, Shestivska V, Španěl P, Schwarzová-Pecková K, Rathouský J, Sebechlebská T, Kolivoška V. The development of a fully integrated 3D printed electrochemical platform and its application to investigate the chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrazine. Electrochim Acta 2020; 360:136984. [PMID: 32863402 PMCID: PMC7444954 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An integrated electrochemical platform was manufactured by bi-material 3D printing. It was applied to investigate the reaction between hydrazine and carbon dioxide. Experimental results were supported by finite-element method numerical simulations.
The combination of computer assisted design and 3D printing has recently enabled fast and inexpensive manufacture of customized ‘reactionware’ for broad range of electrochemical applications. In this work bi-material fused deposition modeling 3D printing is utilized to construct an integrated platform based on a polyamide electrochemical cell and electrodes manufactured from a polylactic acid-carbon nanotube conductive composite. The cell contains separated compartments for the reference and counter electrode and enables reactants to be introduced and inspected under oxygen-free conditions. The developed platform was employed in a study investigating the electrochemical oxidation of aqueous hydrazine coupled to its bulk reaction with carbon dioxide. The analysis of cyclic voltammograms obtained in reaction mixtures with systematically varied composition confirmed that the reaction between hydrazine and carbon dioxide follows 1/1 stoichiometry and the corresponding equilibrium constant amounts to (2.8 ± 0.6) × 103. Experimental characteristics were verified by results of numerical simulations based on the finite-element-method.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Giorgini Escobar
- Institute of Chemistry, UNB - University of Brazilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro 70910-900 Asa Norte - Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Eva Vaněčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czechia.,Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Štěpánka Nováková Lachmanová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czechia
| | - Federico Vivaldi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jan Heyda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Jiří Kubišta
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czechia
| | - Violetta Shestivska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czechia
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czechia
| | - Karolina Schwarzová-Pecková
- UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Rathouský
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czechia
| | - Táňa Sebechlebská
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czechia.,Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Viliam Kolivoška
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czechia
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15
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Scandurra A, Ruffino F, Urso M, Grimaldi MG, Mirabella S. Disposable and Low-Cost Electrode Based on Graphene Paper-Nafion-Bi Nanostructures for Ultra-Trace Determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1620. [PMID: 32824875 PMCID: PMC7466693 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a huge demand for rapid, reliable and low-cost methods for the analysis of heavy metals in drinking water, particularly in the range of sub-part per billion (ppb). In the present work, we describe the preparation, characterization and analytical performance of the disposable sensor to be employed in Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV) for ultra-trace simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead. The electrode consists of graphene paper-perfluorosulfonic ionomer-bismuth nano-composite material. The electrode preparation implies a key step aimed to enhance the Bi3+ adsorption into nafion film, prior to the bismuth electro-deposition. Finely dispersed bismuth nanoparticles embedded in the ionomer film are obtained. The electrode was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The electrode shows a linear response in the 5-100 ppb range, a time-stability tested up to almost three months, and detection limits up to 0.1 ppb for both Pb2+ and Cd2+. The electrode preparation method is simple and low in cost and the obtained analytical performance is very competitive with the state of art for the SWASV determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Scandurra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Ettore Majorana of University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (M.U.); (M.G.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Francesco Ruffino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Ettore Majorana of University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (M.U.); (M.G.G.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Urso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Ettore Majorana of University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (M.U.); (M.G.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Grazia Grimaldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Ettore Majorana of University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (M.U.); (M.G.G.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvo Mirabella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Ettore Majorana of University of Catania, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (M.U.); (M.G.G.); (S.M.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems of National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IMM), via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of metal electrodeposition on graphene as the simplest building block of all graphitic materials is important for electrocatalysis and the creation of metal contacts in electronics. The present work investigates copper electrodeposition onto epitaxial graphene on 4H-SiC by experimental and computational techniques. The two subsequent single-electron transfer steps were coherently quantified by electrochemistry and density functional theory (DFT). The kinetic measurements revealed the instantaneous nucleation mechanism of copper (Cu) electrodeposition, controlled by the convergent diffusion of reactant to the limited number of nucleation sites. Cu can freely migrate across the electrode surface. These findings provide fundamental insights into the nature of copper reduction and nucleation mechanisms and can be used as a starting point for performing more sophisticated investigations and developing real applications.
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