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Dong Y, Wang L, Liang W, Zhu J, Sun L, Yi L. FITA-Containing 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Alkylthioether-Based Probe for Detection and Imaging of GSH. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 25:34. [PMID: 39796824 PMCID: PMC11723303 DOI: 10.3390/s25010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 12/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in various physiological processes and its imbalances are closely related to various pathological conditions. Probes for detection and imaging of GSH are not only useful for understanding GSH chemical biology but are also important for exploring potential theranostic agents. Herein, we report a fast intramolecular thiol-activated arylselenoamides (FITA)-based fluorescent probe using 2,4-dinitrophenyl alkylthioether as a sulfydryl-selective receptor for the first time. The fluorescence of the probe was low due to the double effects of PET, while the probe exhibits an 86-fold fluorescence enhancement at 460 nm after GSH activation and a detection limit of 0.95 μM. Furthermore, the probe is low-toxic and capable of imaging cellular GSH. This work further expands the design and applicability of the FITA-based platform, offering a new thiol-deprotection strategy for development of fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (W.L.)
| | - Liyue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (L.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Wenfang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (W.L.)
| | - Jiqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (W.L.)
| | - Lu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (L.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Long Yi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; (L.W.); (L.S.)
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2
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Yang P, Tang AL, Tan S, Wang GY, Huang HY, Niu W, Liu ST, Ge MH, Yang LL, Gao F, Zhou X, Liu LW, Yang S. Recent progress and outlooks in rhodamine-based fluorescent probes for detection and imaging of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species. Talanta 2024; 274:126004. [PMID: 38564824 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) serve as vital mediators essential for preserving intracellular redox homeostasis within the human body, thereby possessing significant implications across physiological and pathological domains. Nevertheless, deviations from normal levels of ROS, RNS, and RSS disturb redox homeostasis, leading to detrimental consequences that compromise bodily integrity. This disruption is closely linked to the onset of various human diseases, thereby posing a substantial threat to human health and survival. Small-molecule fluorescent probes exhibit considerable potential as analytical instruments for the monitoring of ROS, RNS, and RSS due to their exceptional sensitivity and selectivity, operational simplicity, non-invasiveness, localization capabilities, and ability to facilitate in situ optical signal generation for real-time dynamic analyte monitoring. Due to their distinctive transition from their spirocyclic form (non-fluorescent) to their ring-opened form (fluorescent), along with their exceptional light stability, broad wavelength range, high fluorescence quantum yield, and high extinction coefficient, rhodamine fluorophores have been extensively employed in the development of fluorescent probes. This review primarily concentrates on the investigation of fluorescent probes utilizing rhodamine dyes for ROS, RNS, and RSS detection from the perspective of different response groups since 2016. The scope of this review encompasses the design of probe structures, elucidation of response mechanisms, and exploration of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - A-Ling Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shuai Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Guang-Ye Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hou-Yun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wei Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shi-Tao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mei-Hong Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Feng Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Ma XX, Geng MH, Cheng XY, Zhang TS, Li ZL, Zhao K. Excellent ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probes for hydrogen sulfide detection based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6008-6021. [PMID: 38293905 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an important mechanism to design ratiometric fluorescent probes that are able to detect analytes quantitatively according to the ratio of two well-resolved emission signals. Two-photon (TP) fluorescent probes can realize the detection in living cells and tissues with deeper penetration depth, higher resolution, and lower photodamage in contrast to one-photon fluorescent probes. However, to date, fabricating TP-FRET ratiometric fluorescent probes possessing large two-photon absorption (TPA), high fluorescence quantum yield and perfect FRET efficiency is still challenging. Consequently, to develop excellent TP-FRET ratiometric probes and explore the relationship between their molecular structures and TP fluorescence properties, in this paper, we designed a series of H2S-detecting TP fluorescent probes employing the FRET mechanism based on an experimental probe BCD. Thereafter, we comprehensively evaluated the TP sensing performance of these probes by means of time-dependent density functional theory and quadratic response theory. Furthermore, we determined energy transfer efficiency and fluorescence quantum yield. Significantly, through regulating benzene-fused positions, we successfully improved fluorescence quantum yield and TPA cross-section simultaneously. Large spectral overlap between energy donor emission and acceptor absorption was achieved and near perfect energy transfer efficiency was acquired for all the studied probes. We revealed that these probes exhibit two well-resolved TPA bands, which are contributed by FRET donors and acceptors, respectively. Especially, both the wavelengths and the cross-sections of the two TPA bands agree well with those of energy donors and acceptors, which is the unique TPA spectral profile of FRET probes and has never been previously reported. Moreover, we proposed an excellent TP-FRET probe BCD3 and its product molecule BCD3-H2S, which exhibit large Stokes (141 nm and 88 nm) and emission shifts (5931 cm-1), as well as greatly increased TP action cross-sections (24-fold and 60-fold) in the near-infrared region with respect to BCD and BCD-H2S. Our detailed study can give an insight into the efficient design of novel TP-FRET fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xue Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Hui Geng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xia-Yu Cheng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong-Shu Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zong-Liang Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Cheng Y, Qu Z, Jiang Q, Xu T, Zheng H, Ye P, He M, Tong Y, Ma Y, Bao A. Functional Materials for Subcellular Targeting Strategies in Cancer Therapy: Progress and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305095. [PMID: 37665594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies have made significant progress in cancer treatment. However, tumor adjuvant therapy still faces challenges due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer, genomic instability, and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Functional materials possess unique biological properties such as long circulation times, tumor-specific targeting, and immunomodulation. The combination of functional materials with natural substances and nanotechnology has led to the development of smart biomaterials with multiple functions, high biocompatibilities, and negligible immunogenicities, which can be used for precise cancer treatment. Recently, subcellular structure-targeting functional materials have received particular attention in various biomedical applications including the diagnosis, sensing, and imaging of tumors and drug delivery. Subcellular organelle-targeting materials can precisely accumulate therapeutic agents in organelles, considerably reduce the threshold dosages of therapeutic agents, and minimize drug-related side effects. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research progress in subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy based on functional nanomaterials. Moreover, it explains the challenges and prospects of subcellular organelle-targeting functional materials in precision oncology. The review will serve as an excellent cutting-edge guide for researchers in the field of subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Mingdi He
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Anyu Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Shi GJ, Xue XL, Zhang Q, Wang KP, Chen S, Tang L, Hu ZQ. A hemicyanine-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for visualizing biothiols fluctuations induced by Ag+ in mitochondria. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Wang W, Wang C, Liu G, Jin L, Lin Z, Lin L, Wu Y, Chen J, Lin H, Song J. In-vivo two-photon visualization and quantitative detection of redox state of cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100357. [PMID: 35000292 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), the most common and abundant antioxidant in the body, is particularly concentrated in cancer cells (2-10 mM). This concentration is approximately 1000 times that of normal cells, making GSH a specific tumor marker. Overexpression of GSH is critical for mapping the redox state of cancer cells. However, there are few probes and detection methods responsive to GSH that can quantitatively visualize GSH in vivo in two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) imaging mode. The experimental results show that TPEF-GSH could not only target GSH in tumors, but also establish the quantitative relationship between TPEF signal and GSH concentration. We explored the optimal two-photon excitation wavelength of TPEF-GSH, the optimal cell incubation duration with TPEF-GSH, the best imaging time point for GSH in cells, and the quantitative relationship between the TPEF signal and the changes in GSH concentrations. In zebrafish embryo and zebrafish experiments, the ratiometric value of TPEF-GSH increased with the decrease of GSH concentration. Microinjection and co-incubation were used to verify whether the ratiometric value could quantify endogenous GSH in tumor-bearing zebrafish, and the obtained GSH levels were 4.66 mM and 5.16 mM, respectively. The ratio TPEF probe could accurately visualize and quantify GSH in vivo, reflecting the redox status of the tumor. The design of the ratiometric molecular probe provides a reliable strategy for the development of TPEF nanoprobe in vivo. In this article, a new GSH sensitive molecular probe, TPEF-GSH, has been developed with good specificity and sensitivity. TPEF-GSH was successfully used to image cancer cells in vitro and tumor-bearing zebrafish in vivo, and to further detect GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chenlu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinshan Hospital of Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zexi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lisheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Guo T, Chen X, Qu W, Yang B, Tian R, Geng Z, Wang Z. Red and Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Distinguishing Cysteine and Homocysteine through Single-Wavelength Excitation with Distinctly Dual Emissions. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5006-5013. [PMID: 35294170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), participate in various pathological and physiological processes. It is still a challenge to simultaneously distinguish Cys and Hcy because of their similar structures and reactivities, as well as the interference from the high intramolecular concentration of GSH. Herein, a novel fluorescent probe, CySI, based on cyanine and thioester was developed to differentiate Cys and Hcy through a single-wavelength excitation and two distinctly separated emission channels. The probe exhibited a turn-on fluorescence response to Cys at both 625 nm (the red channel) and 740 nm (the near-infrared channel) but only showed fluorescence turn-on to Hcy at 740 nm (the near-infrared channel) and no fluorescent response to GSH. With the aid of built-in self-calibration of single excitation and dual emissions, simultaneous discriminative determinations of Cys and Hcy were realized through red and near-infrared channels. CySI exhibited excellent selectivity toward Cys and Hcy with a fast response. This probe was further exploited to visualize exogenous Cys and Hcy in cells through dual emission channels under one excitation. Moreover, it could efficiently target mitochondria and was applied to monitor the endogenous Cys fluctuations independently in mitochondria through the red emission channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruowei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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8
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Li W, Li M, Qi J. Nano-Drug Design Based on the Physiological Properties of Glutathione. Molecules 2021; 26:5567. [PMID: 34577040 PMCID: PMC8469141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is involved in and regulates important physiological functions of the body as an essential antioxidant. GSH plays an important role in anti-oxidation, detoxification, anti-aging, enhancing immunity and anti-tumor activity. Herein, based on the physiological properties of GSH in different diseases, mainly including the strong reducibility of GSH, high GSH content in tumor cells, and the NADPH depletion when GSSH is reduced to GSH, we extensively report the design principles, effect, and potential problems of various nano-drugs in diabetes, cancer, nervous system diseases, fluorescent probes, imaging, and food. These studies make full use of the physiological and pathological value of GSH and develop excellent design methods of nano-drugs related to GSH, which shows important scientific significance and prominent application value for the related diseases research that GSH participates in or responds to.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minghui Li
- Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, 39 Xinyang Rd., Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Jing Qi
- Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, 39 Xinyang Rd., Daqing 163319, China;
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Chu Y, Park J, Kim E, Lee S. Fluorescent Materials for Monitoring Mitochondrial Biology. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4180. [PMID: 34361379 PMCID: PMC8347261 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in diverse cellular processes such as energy production, cellular metabolism, and apoptosis to promote cell death. To investigate mitochondria-associated biological processes such as structure, dynamics, morphological change, metabolism, and mitophagy, there exists a continuous demand for visualizing and monitoring techniques elucidating mitochondrial biology and disease-relevancy. Due to the advantages of high sensitivity and practicality, fluorescence phenomena have been most widely used as scientific techniques for the visualization of biological phenomena and systems. In this review, we briefly overview the different types of fluorescent materials such as chemical probes, peptide- or protein-based probes, and nanomaterials for monitoring mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Chu
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Creative Research Center for Brain Science, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.C.); (J.P.)
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-Convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 02792, Korea
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10
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Wang S, Huang Y, Guan X. Fluorescent Probes for Live Cell Thiol Detection. Molecules 2021; 26:3575. [PMID: 34208153 PMCID: PMC8230801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiols play vital and irreplaceable roles in the biological system. Abnormality of thiol levels has been linked with various diseases and biological disorders. Thiols are known to distribute unevenly and change dynamically in the biological system. Methods that can determine thiols' concentration and distribution in live cells are in high demand. In the last two decades, fluorescent probes have emerged as a powerful tool for achieving that goal for the simplicity, high sensitivity, and capability of visualizing the analytes in live cells in a non-invasive way. They also enable the determination of intracellular distribution and dynamitic movement of thiols in the intact native environments. This review focuses on some of the major strategies/mechanisms being used for detecting GSH, Cys/Hcy, and other thiols in live cells via fluorescent probes, and how they are applied at the cellular and subcellular levels. The sensing mechanisms (for GSH and Cys/Hcy) and bio-applications of the probes are illustrated followed by a summary of probes for selectively detecting cellular and subcellular thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiangming Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Box 2202C, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (S.W.); (Y.H.)
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11
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Ma C, Xia F, Kelley SO. Mitochondrial Targeting of Probes and Therapeutics to the Powerhouse of the Cell. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2650-2667. [PMID: 33191743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, colloquially known as "the powerhouse of the cell", play important roles in production, but also in processes critical for cellular fate such as cell death, differentiation, signaling, metabolic homeostasis, and innate immunity. Due to its many functions in the cell, the mitochondria have been linked to a variety of human illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to further our understanding and pharmaceutical targeting of this critical organelle, effective strategies must be employed to breach the complex barriers and microenvironment of mitochondria. Here, we summarize advancements in mitochondria-targeted probes and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
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