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Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Liu S. Compressed Sensing for Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2670. [PMID: 38732775 PMCID: PMC11085525 DOI: 10.3390/s24092670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapidly developing emerging non-invasive biomedical imaging technique that combines the strong contrast from optical absorption imaging and the high resolution from acoustic imaging. Abnormal biological tissues (such as tumors and inflammation) generate different levels of thermal expansion after absorbing optical energy, producing distinct acoustic signals from normal tissues. This technique can detect small tissue lesions in biological tissues and has demonstrated significant potential for applications in tumor research, melanoma detection, and cardiovascular disease diagnosis. During the process of collecting photoacoustic signals in a PAI system, various factors can influence the signals, such as absorption, scattering, and attenuation in biological tissues. A single ultrasound transducer cannot provide sufficient information to reconstruct high-precision photoacoustic images. To obtain more accurate and clear image reconstruction results, PAI systems typically use a large number of ultrasound transducers to collect multi-channel signals from different angles and positions, thereby acquiring more information about the photoacoustic signals. Therefore, to reconstruct high-quality photoacoustic images, PAI systems require a significant number of measurement signals, which can result in substantial hardware and time costs. Compressed sensing is an algorithm that breaks through the Nyquist sampling theorem and can reconstruct the original signal with a small number of measurement signals. PAI based on compressed sensing has made breakthroughs over the past decade, enabling the reconstruction of low artifacts and high-quality images with a small number of photoacoustic measurement signals, improving time efficiency, and reducing hardware costs. This article provides a detailed introduction to PAI based on compressed sensing, such as the physical transmission model-based compressed sensing method, two-stage reconstruction-based compressed sensing method, and single-pixel camera-based compressed sensing method. Challenges and future perspectives of compressed sensing-based PAI are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmao Wang
- School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
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Dhamija P, Mehata AK, Setia A, Priya V, Malik AK, Bonlawar J, Verma N, Badgujar P, Randhave N, Muthu MS. Nanotheranostics: Molecular Diagnostics and Nanotherapeutic Evaluation by Photoacoustic/Ultrasound Imaging in Small Animals. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6010-6034. [PMID: 37931040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotheranostics is a rapidly developing field that integrates nanotechnology, diagnostics, and therapy to provide novel methods for imaging and treating wide categories of diseases. Targeted nanotheranostics offers a platform for the precise delivery of theranostic agents, and their therapeutic outcomes are monitored in real-time. Presently, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence imaging, ultrasound imaging, and photoacoustic imaging (PAI), etc. are noninvasive imaging techniques that are preclinically available for the imaging and tracking of therapeutic outcomes in small animals. Additionally, preclinical imaging is essential for drug development, phenotyping, and understanding disease stage progression and its associated mechanisms. Small animal ultrasound imaging is a rapidly developing imaging technique for theranostics applications due to its merits of being nonionizing, real-time, portable, and able to penetrate deep tissues. Recently, different types of ultrasound contrast agents have been explored, such as microbubbles, echogenic exosomes, gas-vesicles, and nanoparticles-based contrast agents. Moreover, an optical image obtained through photoacoustic imaging is a noninvasive imaging technique that creates ultrasonic waves when pulsed laser light is used to expose an object and creates a picture of the tissue's distribution of light energy absorption on the object. Contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging may be endogenous (hemoglobin, melanin, and DNA/RNA) or exogenous (dyes and nanomaterials-based contrast agents). The integration of nanotheranostics with photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging allows simultaneous imaging and treatment of diseases in small animals, which provides essential information about the drug response and the disease progression. In this review, we have covered various endogenous and exogenous contrast agents for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Additionally, we have discussed various drug delivery systems integrated with contrast agents for theranostic application. Further, we have briefly discussed the current challenges associated with ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Dhamija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Abhishesh Kumar Mehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Aseem Setia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vishnu Priya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Bonlawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nidhi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Paresh Badgujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nandini Randhave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Madaswamy S Muthu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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Dooley M, Luckett J, Alexander MR, Matousek P, Dehghani H, Ghaemmaghami AM, Notingher I. Optimization of diffuse Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo quantification of foreign body response in a small animal model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6592-6606. [PMID: 38420302 PMCID: PMC10898571 DOI: 10.1364/boe.512118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse Raman spectroscopy (DRS) allows subsurface molecular analysis of optically turbid samples. Numerical modeling of light propagation was used as a method for improving the design of an DRS instrument to maximize the signal to noise ratio (SNR) while ensuring safe laser exposure parameters required for in-vivo measurements. Experimental validation of the model was performed on both phantom samples and disks implanted postmortem to mimic the typical response to foreign bodies (formation of a fibrotic capsule around an implant). A reduction of laser exposure of over 1500-fold was achieved over previous studies whilst maintaining the same Raman collection rates and reaching the safe power density of 3 mW/mm2. The validation of this approach in a subcutaneous implant in a mouse cadaver showed a further improvement of 1.5-fold SNR, with a thickness limit of detection for the fibrotic layer of 23 µm, under the same acquisition times. In the animal body, a thickness limit of detection of 16 µm was achieved. These results demonstrate the feasibility of numerical model-based optimization for DRS, and that the technique can be improved sufficiently to be used for in-vivo measurement of collagenous capsule formation as a result of the foreign body response in murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Dooley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jeni Luckett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Matousek
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), Harwell Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Halder S, Patidar S, Chaudhury K, Mandal S. Artificial Intelligence Assisted Multi-modal Photoacoustic-Ultrasound Imaging for Studying Renal Tissue Function and Hemodynamics. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083231 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Combined functional-anatomic imaging modalities, which integrate the benefits of visualizing gross anatomy along with the functional or metabolic information of tissue has revolutionized the world of medical imaging. However, such existing imaging modalities are very costly. An alternative option could be a hybrid modality combining contrast-enhanced ultrasound, doppler and photoacoustic imaging. In the current study, we propose an artificial intelligence assisted multi-modal imaging platform where we have used U-net model for segmenting the anatomical features from the ultrasound images obtained from an animal model study. The neural network has performed accurately for three different cases, each with a high dice score. The model was co-validated with doppler images. Further, blood perfusion and tissue oxygenation information from the predicted anatomical structures were also studied. The present findings confirm the feasibility of using this multimodal imaging modality facilitated by artificial intelligence for better understanding of the hemodynamics of the kidney.Clinical Relevance-A multi-modal imaging technique has been proposed which would provide anatomical and functional information to the clinicians for early detection and tracking of the disease prognosis. Unlike existing imaging modalities like PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography- Computed Tomography), the proposed modality is much more costeffective and radiation free (non-ionizing nature).
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Lee H, Choi W, Kim C, Park B, Kim J. Review on ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging for complementary analyses of biological systems in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:762-774. [PMID: 37452700 PMCID: PMC10468641 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231181341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging has been developed as a new biomedical molecular imaging modality. Due to its similarity to conventional ultrasound imaging in terms of signal detection and image generation, dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging has been applied to visualize physiological and morphological information in biological systems in vivo. By complementing each other, dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging showed synergistic advances in photoacoustic imaging with the guidance of ultrasound images. In this review, we introduce our recent progresses in dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging systems at various scales of study, from preclinical small animals to clinical humans. A summary of the works reveals various strategies for combining the structural information of ultrasound images with the molecular information of photoacoustic images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeni Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byullee Park
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Han S, Ninjbadgar T, Kang M, Kim C, Kim J. Recent Advances in Photoacoustic Agents for Theranostic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:695. [PMID: 36839061 PMCID: PMC9964871 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic agents are widely used in various theranostic applications. By evaluating the biodistribution obtained from photoacoustic images, the effectiveness of theranostic agents in terms of their delivery efficiency and treatment responses can be analyzed. Through this study, we evaluate and summarize the recent advances in photoacoustic-guided phototherapy, particularly in photothermal and photodynamic therapy. This overview can guide the future directions for theranostic development. Because of the recent applications of photoacoustic imaging in clinical trials, theranostic agents with photoacoustic monitoring have the potential to be translated into the clinical world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyi Han
- Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Tsedendamba Ninjbadgar
- Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijeong Kang
- Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Departments of Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Barbosa RCS, Mendes PM. A Comprehensive Review on Photoacoustic-Based Devices for Biomedical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9541. [PMID: 36502258 PMCID: PMC9736954 DOI: 10.3390/s22239541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photoacoustic effect is an emerging technology that has sparked significant interest in the research field since an acoustic wave can be produced simply by the incidence of light on a material or tissue. This phenomenon has been extensively investigated, not only to perform photoacoustic imaging but also to develop highly miniaturized ultrasound probes that can provide biologically meaningful information. Therefore, this review aims to outline the materials and their fabrication process that can be employed as photoacoustic targets, both biological and non-biological, and report the main components' features to achieve a certain performance. When designing a device, it is of utmost importance to model it at an early stage for a deeper understanding and to ease the optimization process. As such, throughout this article, the different methods already implemented to model the photoacoustic effect are introduced, as well as the advantages and drawbacks inherent in each approach. However, some remaining challenges are still faced when developing such a system regarding its fabrication, modeling, and characterization, which are also discussed.
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Menozzi L, Yang W, Feng W, Yao J. Sound out the impaired perfusion: Photoacoustic imaging in preclinical ischemic stroke. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1055552. [PMID: 36532279 PMCID: PMC9751426 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1055552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustically detecting the optical absorption contrast, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a highly versatile imaging modality that can provide anatomical, functional, molecular, and metabolic information of biological tissues. PAI is highly scalable and can probe the same biological process at various length scales ranging from single cells (microscopic) to the whole organ (macroscopic). Using hemoglobin as the endogenous contrast, PAI is capable of label-free imaging of blood vessels in the brain and mapping hemodynamic functions such as blood oxygenation and blood flow. These imaging merits make PAI a great tool for studying ischemic stroke, particularly for probing into hemodynamic changes and impaired cerebral blood perfusion as a consequence of stroke. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the scientific progresses in the past decade by using PAI to monitor cerebral blood vessel impairment and restoration after ischemic stroke, mostly in the preclinical setting. We also outline and discuss the major technological barriers and challenges that need to be overcome so that PAI can play a more significant role in preclinical stroke research, and more importantly, accelerate its translation to be a useful clinical diagnosis and management tool for human strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Menozzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Wuwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Han S, Lee D, Kim S, Kim HH, Jeong S, Kim J. Contrast Agents for Photoacoustic Imaging: A Review Focusing on the Wavelength Range. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080594. [PMID: 36004990 PMCID: PMC9406114 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging using endogenous chromophores as a contrast has been widely applied in biomedical studies owing to its functional imaging capability at the molecular level. Various exogenous contrast agents have also been investigated for use in contrast-enhanced imaging and functional analyses. This review focuses on contrast agents, particularly in the wavelength range, for use in photoacoustic imaging. The basic principles of photoacoustic imaging regarding light absorption and acoustic release are introduced, and the optical characteristics of tissues are summarized according to the wavelength region. Various types of contrast agents, including organic dyes, semiconducting polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and other inorganic nanoparticles, are explored in terms of their light absorption range in the near-infrared region. An overview of the contrast-enhancing capacity and other functional characteristics of each agent is provided to help researchers gain insights into the development of contrast agents in photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyi Han
- Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Dakyeon Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Sungjee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Hoi Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-H.K.); (S.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Sanghwa Jeong
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-H.K.); (S.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Departments of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering and Optics & Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-H.K.); (S.J.); (J.K.)
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