1
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Suvannapruk W, Fisher LE, Luckett JC, Edney MK, Kotowska AM, Kim D, Scurr DJ, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alexander MR. Spatially Resolved Molecular Analysis of Host Response to Medical Device Implantation Using the 3D OrbiSIMS Highlights a Critical Role for Lipids. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306000. [PMID: 38356246 PMCID: PMC11022720 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A key goal for implanted medical devices is that they do not elicit a detrimental immune response. Macrophages play critical roles in the modulation of the host immune response and are the cells responsible for persistent inflammatory reactions to implanted biomaterials. Two novel immune-instructive polymers that stimulate pro- or anti-inflammatory responses from macrophages in vitro are investigated. These also modulate in vivo foreign body responses (FBR) when implanted subcutaneously in mice. Immunofluorescent staining of tissue abutting the polymer reveals responses consistent with pro- or anti-inflammatory responses previously described for these polymers. Three Dimensional OrbiTrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (3D OrbiSIMS) analysis to spatially characterize the metabolites in the tissue surrounding the implant, providing molecular histology insight into the metabolite response in the host is applied. For the pro-inflammatory polymer, monoacylglycerols (MG) and diacylglycerols (DG) are observed at increased intensity, while for the anti-inflammatory coating, the number of phospholipid species detected decreased, and pyridine and pyrimidine levels are elevated. Small molecule signatures from single-cell studies of M2 macrophages in vitro correlate with the in vivo observations, suggesting potential for prediction. Metabolite characterization by the 3D OrbiSIMS is shown to provide insight into the mechanism of bio-instructive materials as medical devices and to inform on the FBR to biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waraporn Suvannapruk
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- Present address:
National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong LuangPathum Thani12120Thailand
| | - Leanne E Fisher
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Jeni C Luckett
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health ScienceUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Max K Edney
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Anna M Kotowska
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Dong‐Hyun Kim
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - David J Scurr
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology & Immuno‐bioengineering GroupSchool of Life SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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2
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Schmitz MGJ, Aarts JGM, Burroughs L, Sudarsanam P, Kuijpers TJM, Riool M, de Boer L, Xue X, Bosnacki D, Zaat SAJ, de Boer J, Alexander MR, Dankers PYW. Merging Modular Molecular Design with High Throughput Screening of Cell Adhesion on Antimicrobial Supramolecular Biomaterials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2300638. [PMID: 38530968 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A polymer microarray based on the supramolecular ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) moiety is fabricated to screen antimicrobial materials for their ability to support cell adhesion. UPy-functionalized additives, either cell-adhesive, antimicrobial or control peptides, are used, and investigated in different combinations at different concentrations, resulting in a library of 194 spots. These are characterized on composition and morphology to evaluate the microarray fabrication. Normal human dermal fibroblasts are cultured on the microarrays and cell adhesion to the spots is systematically analyzed. Results demonstrate enhanced cell adhesion on spots with combinations including the antimicrobial peptides. This study clearly proves the power of the high throughput approach in combination with supramolecular molecules, to screen additive libraries for desired biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek G J Schmitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper G M Aarts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Burroughs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Phanikrishna Sudarsanam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Kuijpers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Riool
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie de Boer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Xuan Xue
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Dragan Bosnacki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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3
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Fateh S, Alromaihi RA, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alexander MR. Unlocking Bio-Instructive Polymers: A Novel Multi-Well Screening Platform Based on Secretome Sampling. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4939. [PMID: 38405080 PMCID: PMC10883890 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are designed to interact with biological systems to replace, support, enhance, or monitor their function. However, there are challenges associated with traditional biomaterials' development due to the lack of underlying theory governing cell response to materials' chemistry. This leads to the time-consuming process of testing different materials plus the adverse reactions in the body such as cytotoxicity and foreign body response. High-throughput screening (HTS) offers a solution to these challenges by enabling rapid and simultaneous testing of a large number of materials to determine their bio-interactions and biocompatibility. Secreted proteins regulate many physiological functions and determine the success of implanted biomaterials through directing cell behaviour. However, the majority of biomaterials' HTS platforms are suitable for microscopic analyses of cell behaviour and not for investigating non-adherent cells or measuring cell secretions. Here, we describe a multi-well platform adaptable to robotic printing of polymers and suitable for secretome profiling of both adherent and non-adherent cells. We detail the platform's development steps, encompassing the preparation of individual cell culture chambers, polymer printing, and the culture environment, as well as examples to demonstrate surface chemical characterisation and biological assessments of secreted mediators. Such platforms will no doubt facilitate the discovery of novel biomaterials and broaden their scope by adapting wider arrays of cell types and incorporating assessments of both secretome and cell-bound interactions. Key features • Detailed protocols for preparation of substrate for contact printing of acrylate-based polymers including O2 plasma etching, functionalisation process, and Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) dip coating. • Preparations of 7 mm × 7 mm polymers employing pin printing system. • Provision of confined area for each polymer using ProPlate® multi-well chambers. • Compatibility of this platform was validated using adherent cells [primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs)) and non-adherent cells (primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs)]. • Examples of the adaptability of the platform for secretome analysis including five different cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, DuoSet®). Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Fateh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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4
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Kotowska AM, Zhang J, Carabelli A, Watts J, Aylott JW, Gilmore IS, Williams P, Scurr DJ, Alexander MR. Toward Comprehensive Analysis of the 3D Chemistry of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18287-18294. [PMID: 38044628 PMCID: PMC10719885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are structured communities consisting of cells enmeshed in a self-generated extracellular matrix usually attached to a surface. They contain diverse classes of molecules including polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and diverse small organic molecules (primary and secondary metabolites) which are organized to optimize survival and facilitate dispersal to new colonization sites. In situ characterization of the chemical composition and structure of bacterial biofilms is necessary to fully understand their development on surfaces relevant to biofouling in health, industry, and the environment. Biofilm development has been extensively studied using confocal microscopy using targeted fluorescent labels providing important insights into the architecture of biofilms. Recently, cryopreparation has been used to undertake targeted in situ chemical characterization using Orbitrap secondary ion mass spectrometry (OrbiSIMS), providing a label-free method for imaging biofilms in their native state. Although the high mass resolution of OrbiSIMS enables more confident peak assignments, it is still very challenging to assign most of the peaks in the spectra due to complexity of SIMS spectra and lack of automatic peak assignment methods. Here, we analyze the same OrbiSIMS depth profile data generated from the frozen-hydrated biofilm, but employ a new untargeted chemical filtering process utilizing mass spectral databases to assign secondary ions to decipher the large number of fragments present in the SIMS spectra. To move towards comprehensive analysis of different chemistries in the sample, we apply a molecular formula prediction approach which putatively assigns 81% of peaks in the 3D OrbiSIMS depth profile analysis. This enables us to catalog over 1000 lipids and their fragments, 3500 protein fragments, 71 quorum sensing-related molecules (2-alkyl-4-quinolones and N-acylhomoserine lactones), 150 polysaccharide fragments, and glycolipids simultaneously from one data set and map these separated molecular classes spatially through a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Assignment of different chemistries in this sample facilitates identification of differences between biofilms grown on biofilm-promoting and biofilm-resistant polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Kotowska
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Junting Zhang
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.
| | | | - Julie Watts
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | | | - Ian S. Gilmore
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.
| | - Paul Williams
- National
Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life
Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - David J. Scurr
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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5
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Dooley M, Luckett J, Alexander MR, Matousek P, Dehghani H, Ghaemmaghami AM, Notingher I. Optimization of diffuse Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo quantification of foreign body response in a small animal model. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:6592-6606. [PMID: 38420302 PMCID: PMC10898571 DOI: 10.1364/boe.512118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse Raman spectroscopy (DRS) allows subsurface molecular analysis of optically turbid samples. Numerical modeling of light propagation was used as a method for improving the design of an DRS instrument to maximize the signal to noise ratio (SNR) while ensuring safe laser exposure parameters required for in-vivo measurements. Experimental validation of the model was performed on both phantom samples and disks implanted postmortem to mimic the typical response to foreign bodies (formation of a fibrotic capsule around an implant). A reduction of laser exposure of over 1500-fold was achieved over previous studies whilst maintaining the same Raman collection rates and reaching the safe power density of 3 mW/mm2. The validation of this approach in a subcutaneous implant in a mouse cadaver showed a further improvement of 1.5-fold SNR, with a thickness limit of detection for the fibrotic layer of 23 µm, under the same acquisition times. In the animal body, a thickness limit of detection of 16 µm was achieved. These results demonstrate the feasibility of numerical model-based optimization for DRS, and that the technique can be improved sufficiently to be used for in-vivo measurement of collagenous capsule formation as a result of the foreign body response in murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Dooley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jeni Luckett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Pavel Matousek
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), Harwell Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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6
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Ganabady K, Contessi Negrini N, Scherba JC, Nitschke BM, Alexander MR, Vining KH, Grunlan MA, Mooney DJ, Celiz AD. High-Throughput Screening of Thiol-ene Click Chemistries for Bone Adhesive Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:50908-50915. [PMID: 37905511 PMCID: PMC10636719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal surgical pins and screws are employed in millions of orthopedic surgical procedures every year worldwide, but their usability is limited in the case of complex, comminuted fractures or in surgeries on smaller bones. Therefore, replacing such implants with a bone adhesive material has long been considered an attractive option. However, synthesizing a biocompatible bone adhesive with a high bond strength that is simple to apply presents many challenges. To rapidly identify candidate polymers for a biocompatible bone adhesive, we employed a high-throughput screening strategy to assess human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) adhesion toward a library of polymers synthesized via thiol-ene click chemistry. We chose thiol-ene click chemistry because multifunctional monomers can be rapidly cured via ultraviolet (UV) light while minimizing residual monomer, and it provides a scalable manufacturing process for candidate polymers identified from a high-throughput screen. This screening methodology identified a copolymer (1-S2-FT01) composed of the monomers 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TATATO) and pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), which supported highest hMSC adhesion across a library of 90 polymers. The identified copolymer (1-S2-FT01) exhibited favorable compressive and tensile properties compared to existing commercial bone adhesives and adhered to bone with adhesion strengths similar to commercially available bone glues such as Histoacryl. Furthermore, this cytocompatible polymer supported osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and could adhere 3D porous polymer scaffolds to the bone tissue, making this polymer an ideal candidate as an alternative bone adhesive with broad utility in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Ganabady
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | | | - Jacob C. Scherba
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Brandon M. Nitschke
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | | | - Kyle H. Vining
- School
of Dental Medicine and Department of Materials Science, School of
Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030, United States
| | - Melissa A. Grunlan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - David J. Mooney
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and Harvard John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Adam D. Celiz
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Francis
Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K.
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7
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Crawford LA, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Stimpson A, Morgan C, Blake J, Wildman RD, Hook AL, Alexander MR, Irvine DJ, Avery SV. A potential alternative to fungicides using actives-free (meth)acrylate polymers for protection of wheat crops from fungal attachment and infection. Green Chem 2023; 25:8558-8569. [PMID: 38013846 PMCID: PMC10614722 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc01911j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Fungicidal compounds are actives widely used for crop protection from fungal infection, but they can also kill beneficial organisms, enter the food chain and promote resistant pathogen strains from overuse. Here we report the first field crop trial of homopolymer materials that prevent fungal attachment, showing successful crop protection via an actives-free approach. In the trial, formulations containing two candidate polymers were applied to young wheat plants that were subject to natural infection with the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. A formulation containing one of the candidate polymers, poly(di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate) (abbreviated DEGEEA), produced a significant reduction (26%) in infection of the crop by Z. tritici, delivering protection against fungal infection that compared favourably with three different commercially established fungicide programmes tested in parallel. Furthermore, the sprayed polymers did not negatively affect wheat growth. The two lead polymer candidates were initially identified by bio-performance testing using in vitro microplate- and leaf-based assays and were taken forward successfully into a programme to optimize and scale-up their synthesis and compound them into a spray formulation. Therefore, the positive field trial outcome has also established the validity of the smaller-scale, laboratory-based bioassay data and scale-up methodologies used. Because fungal attachment to plant surfaces is a first step in many crop infections, this non-eluting polymer: (i) now offers significant potential to deliver protection against fungal attack, while (ii) addressing the fourth and aligning with the eleventh principles of green chemistry by using chemical products designed to preserve efficacy of function while reducing toxicity. A future focus should be to develop the material properties for this and other applications including other fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam A Crawford
- School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of, Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Amy Stimpson
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Chloe Morgan
- RSK ADAS Ltd, Rosemaund, Preston Wynne Hereford HR1 3PG UK
| | - Jonathan Blake
- RSK ADAS Ltd, Rosemaund, Preston Wynne Hereford HR1 3PG UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Andrew L Hook
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University Park, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University Park, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Simon V Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of, Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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8
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Suvannapruk W, Edney MK, Fisher LE, Luckett JC, Kim DH, Scurr DJ, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alexander MR. Label-free Chemical Characterization of Polarized Immune Cells in vitro and Host Response to Implanted Bio-instructive Polymers in vivo Using 3D OrbiSIMS. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4727. [PMID: 37575382 PMCID: PMC10415193 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Three-dimensional OrbiTrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (3D OrbiSIMS) is a secondary ion mass spectrometry instrument, a combination of a Time of Flight (ToF) instrument with an Orbitrap analyzer. The 3D OrbiSIMS technique is a powerful tool for metabolic profiling in biological samples. This can be achieved at subcellular spatial resolution, high sensitivity, and high mass-resolving power coupled with MS/MS analysis. Characterizing the metabolic signature of macrophage subsets within tissue sections offers great potential to understand the response of the human immune system to implanted biomaterials. Here, we describe a protocol for direct analysis of individual cells after in vitro differentiation of naïve monocytes into M1 and M2 phenotypes using cytokines. As a first step in vivo, we investigate explanted silicon catheter sections as a medical device in a rodent model of foreign body response. Protocols are presented to allow the host response to different immune instructive materials to be compared. The first demonstration of this capability illustrates the great potential of direct cell and tissue section analysis for in situ metabolite profiling to probe functional phenotypes using molecular signatures. Details of the in vitro cell approach, materials, sample preparation, and explant handling are presented, in addition to the data acquisition approaches and the data analysis pipelines required to achieve useful interpretation of these complex spectra. This method is useful for in situ characterization of both in vitro single cells and ex vivo tissue sections. This will aid the understanding of the immune response to medical implants by informing the design of immune-instructive biomaterials with positive interactions. It can also be used to investigate a broad range of other clinically relevant therapeutics and immune dysregulations. Graphical overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waraporn Suvannapruk
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Max K. Edney
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Leanne E. Fisher
- Immunology & Immuno-bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jeni C. Luckett
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David J. Scurr
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology & Immuno-bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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9
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Khateb H, Hook AL, Kern S, Watts JA, Singh S, Jackson D, Marinez-Pomares L, Williams P, Alexander MR. Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exopolysaccharide Psl in biofilms using 3D OrbiSIMS. Biointerphases 2023; 18:031007. [PMID: 37255378 PMCID: PMC10234676 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) offers advantages over both liquid extraction mass spectrometry and matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry in that it provides the direct in situ analysis of molecules and has the potential to preserve the 3D location of an analyte in a sample. Polysaccharides are recognized as challenging analytes in the mass spectrometry of liquids and are also difficult to identify and assign using SIMS. Psl is an exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which plays a key role in biofilm formation and maturation. In this Letter, we describe the use of the OrbiTrap analyzer with SIMS (3D OrbiSIMS) for the label-free mass spectrometry of Psl, taking advantage of its high mass resolving power for accurate secondary ion assignment. We study a P. aeruginosa biofilm and compare it with purified Psl to enable the assignment of secondary ions specific to the Psl structure. This resulted in the identification of 17 peaks that could confidently be ascribed to Psl fragments within the biofilm matrix. The complementary approach of the following neutral loss sequences is also shown to identify multiple oligosaccharide fragments without the requirement of a biological reference sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Khateb
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Hook
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Kern
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Watts
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sonali Singh
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl Jackson
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Marinez-Pomares
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Contreas L, Hook AL, Winkler DA, Figueredo G, Williams P, Laughton CA, Alexander MR, Williams PM. Linear Binary Classifier to Predict Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Polyacrylates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15. [PMID: 36881023 PMCID: PMC10037238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are increasingly problematic due to the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, the rational design of materials naturally resistant to biofilm formation is an important strategy for preventing medical device-associated infections. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful method to find useful patterns in complex data from a wide range of fields. Recent reports showed how ML can reveal strong relationships between bacterial adhesion and the physicochemical properties of polyacrylate libraries. These studies used robust and predictive nonlinear regression methods that had better quantitative prediction power than linear models. However, as nonlinear models' feature importance is a local rather than global property, these models were hard to interpret and provided limited insight into the molecular details of material-bacteria interactions. Here, we show that the use of interpretable mass spectral molecular ions and chemoinformatic descriptors and a linear binary classification model of attachment of three common nosocomial pathogens to a library of polyacrylates can provide improved guidance for the design of more effective pathogen-resistant coatings. Relevant features from each model were analyzed and correlated with easily interpretable chemoinformatic descriptors to derive a small set of rules that give model features tangible meaning that elucidate relationships between the structure and function. The results show that the attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus can be robustly predicted by chemoinformatic descriptors, suggesting that the obtained models can predict the attachment response to polyacrylates to identify anti-attachment materials to synthesize and test in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Contreas
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Winkler
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department
of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Grazziela Figueredo
- School
of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- National
Biofilms Innovation Centre and Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life
Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A. Laughton
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M. Williams
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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11
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Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Ilchev A, Moore JC, Fowler HR, Dubern JF, Sanni O, Xue X, Husband BK, Dundas AA, Smith S, Wildman JL, Taresco V, Williams P, Alexander MR, Howdle SM, Wildman RD, Stockman RA, Irvine DJ. Predictive Molecular Design and Structure-Property Validation of Novel Terpene-Based, Sustainably Sourced Bacterial Biofilm-Resistant Materials. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:576-591. [PMID: 36599074 PMCID: PMC9930090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Presented in this work is the use of a molecular descriptor, termed the α parameter, to aid in the design of a series of novel, terpene-based, and sustainable polymers that were resistant to biofilm formation by the model bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To achieve this, the potential of a range of recently reported, terpene-derived monomers to deliver biofilm resistance when polymerized was both predicted and ranked by the application of the α parameter to key features in their molecular structures. These monomers were derived from commercially available terpenes (i.e., α-pinene, β-pinene, and carvone), and the prediction of the biofilm resistance properties of the resultant novel (meth)acrylate polymers was confirmed using a combination of high-throughput polymerization screening (in a microarray format) and in vitro testing. Furthermore, monomers, which both exhibited the highest predicted biofilm anti-biofilm behavior and required less than two synthetic stages to be generated, were scaled-up and successfully printed using an inkjet "valve-based" 3D printer. Also, these materials were used to produce polymeric surfactants that were successfully used in microfluidic processing to create microparticles that possessed bio-instructive surfaces. As part of the up-scaling process, a novel rearrangement was observed in a proposed single-step synthesis of α-terpinyl methacrylate via methacryloxylation, which resulted in isolation of an isobornyl-bornyl methacrylate monomer mixture, and the resultant copolymer was also shown to be bacterial attachment-resistant. As there has been great interest in the current literature upon the adoption of these novel terpene-based polymers as green replacements for petrochemical-derived plastics, these observations have significant potential to produce new bio-resistant coatings, packaging materials, fibers, medical devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Aleksandar Ilchev
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jonathan C Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Harriet R Fowler
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Olutoba Sanni
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Xuan Xue
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Bethany K Husband
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Adam A Dundas
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Sean Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Joni L Wildman
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Paul Williams
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Steven M Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Robert A Stockman
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, U.K
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12
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Dubern JF, Hook AL, Carabelli AM, Chang CY, Lewis-Lloyd CA, Luckett JC, Burroughs L, Dundas AA, Humes DJ, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR, Williams P. Discovery of a polymer resistant to bacterial biofilm, swarming, and encrustation. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadd7474. [PMID: 36696507 PMCID: PMC9876547 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add7474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Innovative approaches to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are urgently required. Here, we describe the discovery of an acrylate copolymer capable of resisting single- and multispecies bacterial biofilm formation, swarming, encrustation, and host protein deposition, which are major challenges associated with preventing CAUTIs. After screening ~400 acrylate polymers, poly(tert-butyl cyclohexyl acrylate) was selected for its biofilm- and encrustation-resistant properties. When combined with the swarming inhibitory poly(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate), the copolymer retained the bioinstructive properties of the respective homopolymers when challenged with Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Urinary tract catheterization causes the release of host proteins that are exploited by pathogens to colonize catheters. After preconditioning the copolymer with urine collected from patients before and after catheterization, reduced host fibrinogen deposition was observed, and resistance to diverse uropathogens was maintained. These data highlight the potential of the copolymer as a urinary catheter coating for preventing CAUTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alessandro M. Carabelli
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chien-Yi Chang
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Christopher A. Lewis-Lloyd
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jeni C. Luckett
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Laurence Burroughs
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Adam A. Dundas
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David J. Humes
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paul Williams
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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13
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Linke F, Johnson JEC, Kern S, Bennett CD, Lourdusamy A, Lea D, Clifford SC, Merry CLR, Stolnik S, Alexander MR, Peet AC, Scurr DJ, Griffiths RL, Grabowska AM, Kerr ID, Coyle B. Identifying new biomarkers of aggressive Group 3 and SHH medulloblastoma using 3D hydrogel models, single cell RNA sequencing and 3D OrbiSIMS imaging. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36631900 PMCID: PMC9835248 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common malignant brain tumour in children, medulloblastoma (MB), is subdivided into four clinically relevant molecular subgroups, although targeted therapy options informed by understanding of different cellular features are lacking. Here, by comparing the most aggressive subgroup (Group 3) with the intermediate (SHH) subgroup, we identify crucial differences in tumour heterogeneity, including unique metabolism-driven subpopulations in Group 3 and matrix-producing subpopulations in SHH. To analyse tumour heterogeneity, we profiled individual tumour nodules at the cellular level in 3D MB hydrogel models, which recapitulate subgroup specific phenotypes, by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and 3D OrbiTrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (3D OrbiSIMS) imaging. In addition to identifying known metabolites characteristic of MB, we observed intra- and internodular heterogeneity and identified subgroup-specific tumour subpopulations. We showed that extracellular matrix factors and adhesion pathways defined unique SHH subpopulations, and made up a distinct shell-like structure of sulphur-containing species, comprising a combination of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) including the collagen organiser lumican. In contrast, the Group 3 tumour model was characterized by multiple subpopulations with greatly enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. Extensive TCA cycle metabolite measurements revealed very high levels of succinate and fumarate with malate levels almost undetectable particularly in Group 3 tumour models. In patients, high fumarate levels (NMR spectroscopy) alongside activated stress response pathways and high Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2; gene expression analyses) were associated with poorer survival. Based on these findings we predicted and confirmed that NRF2 inhibition increased sensitivity to vincristine in a long-term 3D drug treatment assay of Group 3 MB. Thus, by combining scRNAseq and 3D OrbiSIMS in a relevant model system we were able to define MB subgroup heterogeneity at the single cell level and elucidate new druggable biomarkers for aggressive Group 3 and low-risk SHH MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Linke
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James E C Johnson
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stefanie Kern
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher D Bennett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel Lea
- Digital Research Service, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Snow Stolnik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Anna M Grabowska
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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14
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Latif A, Fisher LE, Dundas AA, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Imir Z, Lawler K, Pappalardo F, Muir BW, Wildman R, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR, Ghaemmaghami AM. Microparticles Decorated with Cell-Instructive Surface Chemistries Actively Promote Wound Healing. Adv Mater 2022:e2208364. [PMID: 36440539 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex biological process involving close crosstalk between various cell types. Dysregulation in any of these processes, such as in diabetic wounds, results in chronic nonhealing wounds. Fibroblasts are a critical cell type involved in the formation of granulation tissue, essential for effective wound healing. 315 different polymer surfaces are screened to identify candidates which actively drive fibroblasts toward either pro- or antiproliferative functional phenotypes. Fibroblast-instructive chemistries are identified, which are synthesized into surfactants to fabricate easy to administer microparticles for direct application to diabetic wounds. The pro-proliferative microfluidic derived particles are able to successfully promote neovascularization, granulation tissue formation, and wound closure after a single application to the wound bed. These active novel bio-instructive microparticles show great potential as a route to reducing the burden of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Latif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Leanne E Fisher
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Adam A Dundas
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Zeynep Imir
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Karen Lawler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Benjamin W Muir
- Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ricky Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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15
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Suvannapruk W, Edney MK, Kim DH, Scurr DJ, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alexander MR. Single-Cell Metabolic Profiling of Macrophages Using 3D OrbiSIMS: Correlations with Phenotype. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9389-9398. [PMID: 35713879 PMCID: PMC9260720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Macrophages are important
immune cells that respond to environmental
cues acquiring a range of activation statuses represented by pro-inflammatory
(M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes at each end of their spectrum.
Characterizing the metabolic signature (metabolic profiling) of different
macrophage subsets is a powerful tool to understand the response of
the human immune system to different stimuli. Here, the recently developed
3D OrbiSIMS instrument is applied to yield useful insight into the
metabolome from individual cells after in vitro differentiation of
macrophages into naïve, M1, and M2 phenotypes using different
cytokines. This analysis strategy not only requires more than 6 orders
of magnitude less sample than traditional mass spectrometry approaches
but also allows the study of cell-to-cell variance. Characteristic
metabolites in macrophage subsets are identified using a targeted
lipid and data-driven multivariate approach highlighting amino acids
and other small molecules. The diamino acids alanylasparagine and
lipid sphingomyelin SM(d18/16:0) are uniquely found in M1 macrophages,
while pyridine and pyrimidine are observed at increased intensity
in M2 macrophages, findings which link to known biological pathways.
The first demonstration of this capability illustrates the great potential
of direct cell analysis for in situ metabolite profiling with the
3D OrbiSIMS to probe functional phenotype at the single-cell level
using molecular signatures and to understand the response of the human
body to implanted devices and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waraporn Suvannapruk
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Max K Edney
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David J Scurr
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology & Immuno-bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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16
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Bryant JA, Riordan L, Watson R, Nikoi ND, Trzaska W, Slope L, Tibbatts C, Alexander MR, Scurr DJ, May RC, de Cogan F. Developing Novel Biointerfaces: Using Chlorhexidine Surface Attachment as a Method for Creating Anti-Fungal Surfaces. Glob Chall 2022; 6:2100138. [PMID: 35602408 PMCID: PMC9121760 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing focus in healthcare environments on combatting antimicrobial resistant infections. While bacterial infections are well reported, infections caused by fungi receive less attention, yet have a broad impact on society and can be deadly. Fungi are eukaryotes with considerable shared biology with humans, therefore limited technologies exist to combat fungal infections and hospital infrastructure is rarely designed for reducing microbial load. In this study, a novel antimicrobial surface (AMS) that is modified with the broad-spectrum biocide chlorhexidine is reported. The surfaces are shown to kill the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans very rapidly (<15 min) and are significantly more effective than current technologies available on the commercial market, such as silver and copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Bryant
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Lily Riordan
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Rowan Watson
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Naa Dei Nikoi
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Wioleta Trzaska
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Louise Slope
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Callum Tibbatts
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - David J. Scurr
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Robin C. May
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Felicity de Cogan
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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17
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Edney MK, Kotowska AM, Spanu M, Trindade GF, Wilmot E, Reid J, Barker J, Aylott JW, Shard AG, Alexander MR, Snape CE, Scurr DJ. Molecular Formula Prediction for Chemical Filtering of 3D OrbiSIMS Datasets. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4703-4711. [PMID: 35276049 PMCID: PMC8943605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Modern mass spectrometry
techniques produce a wealth of spectral
data, and although this is an advantage in terms of the richness of
the information available, the volume and complexity of data can prevent
a thorough interpretation to reach useful conclusions. Application
of molecular formula prediction (MFP) to produce annotated lists of
ions that have been filtered by their elemental composition and considering
structural double bond equivalence are widely used on high resolving
power mass spectrometry datasets. However, this has not been applied
to secondary ion mass spectrometry data. Here, we apply this data
interpretation approach to 3D OrbiSIMS datasets, testing it for a
series of increasingly complex samples. In an organic on inorganic
sample, we successfully annotated the organic contaminant overlayer
separately from the substrate. In a more challenging purely organic
human serum sample we filtered out both proteins and lipids based
on elemental compositions, 226 different lipids were identified and
validated using existing databases, and we assigned amino acid sequences
of abundant serum proteins including albumin, fibronectin, and transferrin.
Finally, we tested the approach on depth profile data from layered
carbonaceous engine deposits and annotated previously unidentified
lubricating oil species. Application of an unsupervised machine learning
method on filtered ions after performing MFP from this sample uniquely
separated depth profiles of species, which were not observed when
performing the method on the entire dataset. Overall, the chemical
filtering approach using MFP has great potential in enabling full
interpretation of complex 3D OrbiSIMS datasets from a plethora of
material types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max K Edney
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Anna M Kotowska
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Matteo Spanu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Gustavo F Trindade
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Edward Wilmot
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire CH65 4EY, U.K
| | - Jacqueline Reid
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire CH65 4EY, U.K
| | - Jim Barker
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire CH65 4EY, U.K
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Alexander G Shard
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K
| | | | - Colin E Snape
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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18
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Tuvshindorj U, Trouillet V, Vasilevich A, Koch B, Vermeulen S, Carlier A, Alexander MR, Giselbrecht S, Truckenmüller R, de Boer J. The Galapagos Chip Platform for High-Throughput Screening of Cell Adhesive Chemical Micropatterns. Small 2022; 18:e2105704. [PMID: 34985808 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In vivo cells reside in a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) that presents spatially distributed biochemical and -physical cues at the nano- to micrometer scales. Chemical micropatterning is successfully used to generate adhesive islands to control where and how cells attach and restore cues of the ECM in vitro. Although chemical micropatterning has become a powerful tool to study cell-material interactions, only a fraction of the possible micropattern designs was covered so far, leaving many other possible designs still unexplored. Here, a high-throughput screening platform called "Galapagos chip" is developed. It contains a library of 2176 distinct subcellular chemical patterns created using mathematical algorithms and a straightforward UV-induced two-step surface modification. This approach enables the immobilization of ligands in geometrically defined regions onto cell culture substrates. To validate the system, binary RGD/polyethylene glycol patterns are prepared on which human mesenchymal stem cells are cultured, and the authors observe how different patterns affect cell and organelle morphology. As proof of concept, the cells are stained for the mechanosensitive YAP protein, and, using a machine-learning algorithm, it is demonstrated that cell shape and YAP nuclear translocation correlate. It is concluded that the Galapagos chip is a versatile platform to screen geometrical aspects of cell-ECM interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urandelger Tuvshindorj
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute, for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Aliaksei Vasilevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute, for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Britta Koch
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute, for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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19
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Taylor M, Simoes F, Smith J, Genapathy S, Canning A, Lledos M, Chan WC, Denning C, Scurr DJ, Steven RT, Spencer SJ, Shard AG, Alexander MR, Zelzer M. Quantifiable correlation of ToF‐SIMS and XPS data from polymer surfaces with controlled amino acid and peptide content. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Taylor
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington USA
| | - Fabio Simoes
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - James Smith
- School of Medicine University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | | | - Anne Canning
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Marina Lledos
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Weng C. Chan
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Chris Denning
- School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - David J. Scurr
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Mischa Zelzer
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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20
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Edney MK, He W, Smith EF, Wilmot E, Reid J, Barker J, Griffiths RL, Alexander MR, Snape CE, Scurr DJ. Time resolved growth of (N)-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in engine deposits uncovered with OrbiSIMS depth profiling. Analyst 2022; 147:3854-3866. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00798c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insoluble carbonaceous deposits were grown in internal combustion engine components and interrogated by OrbiSIMS depth profiling, and we uncovered the composition and proposed time resolved growth mechanisms of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max K. Edney
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 7RD, UK
| | - Wenshi He
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Emily F. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Edward Wilmot
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK
| | - Jacqueline Reid
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK
| | - Jim Barker
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK
| | - Rian L. Griffiths
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Colin E. Snape
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 7RD, UK
| | - David J. Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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21
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Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Contreas L, Taresco V, Howard SC, Dundas AA, Limo MJ, Nisisako T, Williams PM, Williams P, Alexander MR, Wildman RD, Muir BW, Irvine DJ. Generation and Characterization of a Library of Novel Biologically Active Functional Surfactants (Surfmers) Using Combined High-Throughput Methods. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:43290-43300. [PMID: 34464079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the first successful combination of three distinct high-throughput techniques to deliver the accelerated design, synthesis, and property screening of a library of novel, bio-instructive, polymeric, comb-graft surfactants. These three-dimensional, surface-active materials were successfully used to control the surface properties of particles by forming a unimolecular deep layer on the surface of the particles via microfluidic processing. This strategy deliberately utilizes the surfactant to both create the stable particles and deliver a desired cell-instructive behavior. Therefore, these specifically designed, highly functional surfactants are critical to promoting a desired cell response. This library contained surfactants constructed from 20 molecularly distinct (meth)acrylic monomers, which had been pre-identified by HT screening to exhibit specific, varied, and desirable bacterial biofilm inhibitory responses. The surfactant's self-assembly properties in water were assessed by developing a novel, fully automated, HT method to determine the critical aggregation concentration. These values were used as the input data to a computational-based evaluation of the key molecular descriptors that dictated aggregation behavior. Thus, this combination of HT techniques facilitated the rapid design, generation, and evaluation of further novel, highly functional, cell-instructive surfaces by application of designed surfactants possessing complex molecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Leonardo Contreas
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD U.K
| | | | - Adam A Dundas
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Marion J Limo
- Interface and Surface Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Takasi Nisisako
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Philip M Williams
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD U.K
| | - Paul Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD U.K
| | | | - Ricky D Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD U.K
| | | | - Derek J Irvine
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD U.K
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22
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Dundas AA, Kern S, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Scurr DJ, Wildman R, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR. A new particle mounting method for surface analysis. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Dundas
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Stefanie Kern
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - David J. Scurr
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Ricky Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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23
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He Y, Abdi M, Trindade GF, Begines B, Dubern J, Prina E, Hook AL, Choong GYH, Ledesma J, Tuck CJ, Rose FRAJ, Hague RJM, Roberts CJ, De Focatiis DSA, Ashcroft IA, Williams P, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR, Wildman RD. Exploiting Generative Design for 3D Printing of Bacterial Biofilm Resistant Composite Devices. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100249. [PMID: 34050725 PMCID: PMC8336490 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As the understanding of disease grows, so does the opportunity for personalization of therapies targeted to the needs of the individual. To bring about a step change in the personalization of medical devices it is shown that multi-material inkjet-based 3D printing can meet this demand by combining functional materials, voxelated manufacturing, and algorithmic design. In this paper composite structures designed with both controlled deformation and reduced biofilm formation are manufactured using two formulations that are deposited selectively and separately. The bacterial biofilm coverage of the resulting composites is reduced by up to 75% compared to commonly used silicone rubbers, without the need for incorporating bioactives. Meanwhile, the composites can be tuned to meet user defined mechanical performance with ±10% deviation. Device manufacture is coupled to finite element modelling and a genetic algorithm that takes the user-specified mechanical deformation and computes the distribution of materials needed to meet this under given load constraints through a generative design process. Manufactured products are assessed against the mechanical and bacterial cell-instructive specifications and illustrate how multifunctional personalization can be achieved using generative design driven multi-material inkjet based 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng He
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Meisam Abdi
- School of Engineering and Sustainable DevelopmentDe Montfort UniversityLeicesterLE1 9BHUK
| | - Gustavo F. Trindade
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare TechnologiesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Belén Begines
- Department of Organic and Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyUniversity of SevilleSeville41012Spain
| | - Jean‐Frédéric Dubern
- National Biofilms Innovation CentreUniversity of Nottingham Biodiscovery InstituteSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Elisabetta Prina
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare TechnologiesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare TechnologiesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Gabriel Y. H. Choong
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Javier Ledesma
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Christopher J. Tuck
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Felicity R. A. J. Rose
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery InstituteSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Richard J. M. Hague
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Clive J. Roberts
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare TechnologiesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | | | - Ian A. Ashcroft
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Paul Williams
- National Biofilms Innovation CentreUniversity of Nottingham Biodiscovery InstituteSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare TechnologiesSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Ricky D. Wildman
- Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
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24
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Henshaw CA, Dundas AA, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Alexander MR, Wildman R, Rose FRAJ, Irvine DJ, Williams PM. Droplet Microfluidic Optimisation Using Micropipette Characterisation of Bio-Instructive Polymeric Surfactants. Molecules 2021; 26:3302. [PMID: 34072733 PMCID: PMC8197901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics can produce highly tailored microparticles whilst retaining monodispersity. However, these systems often require lengthy optimisation, commonly based on a trial-and-error approach, particularly when using bio-instructive, polymeric surfactants. Here, micropipette manipulation methods were used to optimise the concentration of bespoke polymeric surfactants to produce biodegradable (poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA)) microparticles with unique, bio-instructive surface chemistries. The effect of these three-dimensional surfactants on the interfacial tension of the system was analysed. It was determined that to provide adequate stabilisation, a low level (0.1% (w/v)) of poly(vinyl acetate-co-alcohol) (PVA) was required. Optimisation of the PVA concentration was informed by micropipette manipulation. As a result, successful, monodisperse particles were produced that maintained the desired bio-instructive surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Henshaw
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.A.D.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Adam A. Dundas
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.A.D.); (M.R.A.)
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department for Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (V.C.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department for Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (V.C.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.A.D.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Ricky Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department for Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (V.C.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Felicity R. A. J. Rose
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Department for Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (V.C.C.); (R.W.)
| | - Philip M. Williams
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
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25
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Meurs J, Scurr DJ, Lourdusamy A, Storer LCD, Grundy RG, Alexander MR, Rahman R, Kim DH. Sequential Orbitrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics for Prediction of Brain Tumor Relapse from Sample-Limited Primary Tissue Archives. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6947-6954. [PMID: 33900724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present here a novel surface mass spectrometry strategy to perform untargeted metabolite profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pediatric ependymoma archives. Sequential Orbitrap secondary ion mass spectrometry (3D OrbiSIMS) and liquid extraction surface analysis-tandem mass spectrometry (LESA-MS/MS) permitted the detection of 887 metabolites (163 chemical classes) from pediatric ependymoma tumor tissue microarrays (diameter: <1 mm; thickness: 4 μm). From these 163 classes, 60 classes were detected with both techniques, whilst LESA-MS/MS and 3D OrbiSIMS individually allowed the detection of another 83 and 20 unique metabolite classes, respectively. Through data fusion and multivariate analysis, we were able to identify key metabolites and corresponding pathways predictive of tumor relapse, which were retrospectively confirmed by gene expression analysis with publicly available data. Altogether, this sequential mass spectrometry strategy has shown to be a versatile tool to perform high-throughput metabolite profiling on sample-limited tissue archives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Meurs
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - David J Scurr
- Children's Brain Tumor Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Coates Road, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Children's Brain Tumor Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Coates Road, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Lisa C D Storer
- Children's Brain Tumor Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Coates Road, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Richard G Grundy
- Children's Brain Tumor Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Coates Road, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumor Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Coates Road, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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26
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He Y, Vallières C, Alexander MR, Wildman RD, Avery SV. Inkjet 3D Printing of Polymers Resistant to Fungal Attachment. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4016. [PMID: 34124315 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inkjet 3D printing is an additive manufacturing method that allows the user to produce a small batch of customized devices for comparative study versus commercial products. Here, we describe the use of a commercial 2D ink development system (Dimatix material printing) to manufacture small batches of 3D medical or other devices using a recently characterized fungal anti-attachment material. Such printed devices may resist problems that beset commercial medical products due to colonization by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. By sequentially introducing the cross-section bitmaps of the product's CAD model and elevating the print head height using the auto-clicking script, we were able to create complex self-support geometries with the 2D ink development system. The use of this protocol allows researchers to produce a small batch of specimens for characterization from only a few grams of raw material. Additionally, we describe the testing of manufactured specimens for fungal anti-attachment. In comparison with most commercial AM systems, which require at least a few hundred grams of ink for printing trials, our protocol is well suited for smaller-scale production in material studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng He
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cindy Vallières
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ricky D Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Simon V Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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27
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Yang L, Pijuan-Galito S, Rho HS, Vasilevich AS, Eren AD, Ge L, Habibović P, Alexander MR, de Boer J, Carlier A, van Rijn P, Zhou Q. High-Throughput Methods in the Discovery and Study of Biomaterials and Materiobiology. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4561-4677. [PMID: 33705116 PMCID: PMC8154331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Pijuan-Galito
- School
of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aysegul Dede Eren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Ge
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department
of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University
of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department
of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University
of Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and
Materials Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute
for Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated
Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao
University, Qingdao 266003, China
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28
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Simões B, Guedens WJ, Keene C, Kubiak-Ossowska K, Mulheran P, Kotowska AM, Scurr DJ, Alexander MR, Broisat A, Johnson S, Muyldermans S, Devoogdt N, Adriaensens P, Mendes PM. Direct Immobilization of Engineered Nanobodies on Gold Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:17353-17360. [PMID: 33845569 PMCID: PMC8153533 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-domain antibodies, known as nanobodies, have great potential as biorecognition elements for sensors because of their small size, affinity, specificity, and robustness. However, facile and efficient methods of nanobody immobilization are sought that retain their maximum functionality. Herein, we describe the direct immobilization of nanobodies on gold sensors by exploiting a modified cysteine strategically positioned at the C-terminal end of the nanobody. The experimental data based on secondary ion mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, and surface plasmon resonance, taken together with a detailed computational work (molecular dynamics simulations), support the formation of stable and well-oriented nanobody monolayers. Furthermore, the nanobody structure and activity is preserved, wherein the nanobody is immobilized at a high density (approximately 1 nanobody per 13 nm2). The strategy for the spontaneous nanobody self-assembly is simple and effective and possesses exceptional potential to be used in numerous sensing platforms, ranging from clinical diagnosis to environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Simões
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Wanda J. Guedens
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Charlie Keene
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Mulheran
- Department
of Chemical & Process Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M. Kotowska
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Scurr
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Broisat
- Laboratory
of Bioclinical Radiopharmaceutics, Université
Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, LRB, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, University of
York, York YO19 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular
and Molecular Immunology laboratory, Vrije
Universiteit Brussel (VUB), BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In
vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), BE-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Paula M. Mendes
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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29
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López-Martín M, Dubern JF, Alexander MR, Williams P. AbaM Regulates Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e00635-20. [PMID: 33495249 PMCID: PMC8088503 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00635-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii possesses a single divergent luxR/luxRI-type quorum-sensing (QS) locus named abaR/abaI This locus also contains a third gene located between abaR and abaI, which we term abaM, that codes for an uncharacterized member of the RsaM protein family known to regulate N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-dependent QS in other beta- and gammaproteobacteria. Here, we show that disruption of abaM via a T26 insertion in A. baumannii strain AB5075 resulted in increased production of N-(3-hydroxydodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone and enhanced surface motility and biofilm formation. In contrast to the wild type and the abaI::T26 mutant, the virulence of the abaM::T26 mutant was completely attenuated in a Galleria mellonella infection model. Transcriptomic analysis of the abaM::T26 mutant revealed that AbaM differentially regulates at least 76 genes, including the csu pilus operon and the acinetin 505 lipopeptide biosynthetic operon, that are involved in surface adherence, biofilm formation and virulence. A comparison of the wild type, abaM::T26 and abaI::T26 transcriptomes, indicates that AbaM regulates ∼21% of the QS regulon including the csu operon. Moreover, the QS genes (abaI and abaR) were among the most upregulated in the abaM::T26 mutant. A. baumanniilux-based abaM reporter gene fusions revealed that abaM expression is positively regulated by QS but negatively autoregulated. Overall, the data presented in this work demonstrates that AbaM plays a central role in regulating A. baumannii QS, virulence, surface motility, and biofilm formation.IMPORTANCEAcinetobacter baumannii is a multiantibiotic-resistant pathogen of global health care importance. Understanding Acinetobacter virulence gene regulation could aid the development of novel anti-infective strategies. In A. baumannii, the abaR and abaI genes that code for the receptor and synthase components of an N-acylhomoserine (AHL) lactone-dependent quorum sensing system (QS) are separated by abaM Here, we show that although mutation of abaM increased AHL production, surface motility, and biofilm development, it resulted in the attenuation of virulence. AbaM was found to control both QS-dependent and QS-independent genes. The significance of this work lies in the identification of AbaM, an RsaM ortholog known to control virulence in plant pathogens, as a modulator of virulence in a human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario López-Martín
- Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute, National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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30
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Nasir A, Thorpe J, Burroughs L, Meurs J, Pijuan‐Galito S, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR, Denning C. Biomaterials Discovery: Discovery of a Novel Polymer for Xeno‐Free, Long‐Term Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2021). Adv Healthc Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202170019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Burroughs L, Amer MH, Vassey M, Koch B, Figueredo GP, Mukonoweshuro B, Mikulskis P, Vasilevich A, Vermeulen S, Dryden IL, Winkler DA, Ghaemmaghami AM, Rose FRAJ, de Boer J, Alexander MR. Discovery of synergistic material-topography combinations to achieve immunomodulatory osteoinductive biomaterials using a novel in vitro screening method: The ChemoTopoChip. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120740. [PMID: 33714019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are widely represented in regenerative medicine clinical strategies due to their compatibility with autologous implantation. Effective bone regeneration involves crosstalk between macrophages and hMSCs, with macrophages playing a key role in the recruitment and differentiation of hMSCs. However, engineered biomaterials able to simultaneously direct hMSC fate and modulate macrophage phenotype have not yet been identified. A novel combinatorial chemistry-topography screening platform, the ChemoTopoChip, is used here to identify materials suitable for bone regeneration by screening 1008 combinations in each experiment for human immortalized mesenchymal stem cell (hiMSCs) and human macrophage response. The osteoinduction achieved in hiMSCs cultured on the "hit" materials in basal media is comparable to that seen when cells are cultured in osteogenic media, illustrating that these materials offer a materials-induced alternative to osteo-inductive supplements in bone-regeneration. Some of these same chemistry-microtopography combinations also exhibit immunomodulatory stimuli, polarizing macrophages towards a pro-healing phenotype. Maximum control of cell response is achieved when both chemistry and topography are recruited to instruct the required cell phenotype, combining synergistically. The large combinatorial library allows us for the first time to probe the relative cell-instructive roles of microtopography and material chemistry which we find to provide similar ranges of cell modulation for both cues. Machine learning is used to generate structure-activity relationships that identify key chemical and topographical features enhancing the response of both cell types, providing a basis for a better understanding of cell response to micro topographically patterned polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahetab H Amer
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Vassey
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Britta Koch
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven Vermeulen
- MERLN Institute for Technology-inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Ian L Dryden
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David A Winkler
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, 3052, Australia; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3042, Australia; CSIRO Data61, Clayton, 3168, Australia
| | | | | | - Jan de Boer
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, Netherlands
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32
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Nasir A, Thorpe J, Burroughs L, Meurs J, Pijuan‐Galito S, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR, Denning C. Discovery of a Novel Polymer for Xeno-Free, Long-Term Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001448. [PMID: 33369242 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be expanded and differentiated in vitro into almost any adult tissue cell type, and thus have great potential as a source for cell therapies with biomedical application. In this study, a fully-defined polymer synthetic substrate is identified for hPSC culture in completely defined, xenogenic (xeno)-free conditions. This system can overcome the cost, scalability, and reproducibility limitations of current hPSC culture strategies, and facilitate large-scale production. A high-throughput, multi-generational polymer microarray platform approach is used to test over 600 unique polymers and rapidly assess hPSC-polymer interactions in combination with the fully defined xeno-free medium, Essential 8 (E8). This study identifies a novel nanoscale phase separated blend of poly(tricyclodecane-dimethanol diacrylate) and poly(butyl acrylate) (2:1 v/v), which supports long-term expansion of hPSCs and can be readily coated onto standard cultureware. Analysis of cell-polymer interface interactions through mass spectrometry and integrin blocking studies provides novel mechanistic insight into the role of the E8 proteins in promoting integrin-mediated hPSC attachment and maintaining hPSC signaling, including ability to undergo multi-lineage differentiation. This study therefore identifies a novel substrate for long-term serial passaging of hPSCs in serum-free, commercial chemically-defined E8, which provides a promising and economic hPSC expansion platform for clinical-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Nasir
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Jordan Thorpe
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Joris Meurs
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Sara Pijuan‐Galito
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Chris Denning
- Division of Cancer & Stem Cells Biodiscovery Institute University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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33
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Carabelli A, Isgró M, Sanni O, Figueredo GP, Winkler DA, Burroughs L, Blok AJ, Dubern JF, Pappalardo F, Hook AL, Williams P, Alexander MR. Single-Cell Tracking on Polymer Microarrays Reveals the Impact of Surface Chemistry on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Twitching Speed and Biofilm Development. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:8471-8480. [PMID: 34308271 PMCID: PMC8291582 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms exhibit up to 1000 times greater resistance to antibiotic or host immune clearance than planktonic cells. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces retractable type IV pili (T4P) that facilitate twitching motility on surfaces. The deployment of pili is one of the first responses of bacteria to surface interactions and because of their ability to contribute to cell surface adhesion and biofilm formation, this has relevance to medical device-associated infections. While polymer chemistry is known to influence biofilm development, its impact on twitching motility is not understood. Here, we combine a polymer microarray format with time-lapse automated microscopy to simultaneously assess P. aeruginosa twitching motility on 30 different methacrylate/acrylate polymers over 60 min post inoculation using a high-throughput system. During this critical initial period where the decision to form a biofilm is thought to occur, similar numbers of bacterial cells accumulate on each polymer. Twitching motility is observed on all polymers irrespective of their chemistry and physical surface properties, in contrast to the differential biofilm formation noted after 24 h of incubation. However, on the microarray polymers, P. aeruginosa cells twitch at significantly different speeds, ranging from 5 to ∼13 nm/s, associated with crawling or walking and are distinguishable from the different cell surface tilt angles observed. Chemometric analysis using partial least-squares (PLS) regression identifies correlations between surface chemistry, as measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and both biofilm formation and single-cell twitching speed. The relationships between surface chemistry and these two responses are different for each process. There is no correlation between polymer surface stiffness and roughness as determined by atomic force measurement (AFM), or water contact angle (WCA), and twitching speed or biofilm formation. This reinforces the dominant and distinct contributions of material surface chemistry to twitching speed and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro
M. Carabelli
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Marco Isgró
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Olutoba Sanni
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | | | - David A. Winkler
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville 3052, Australia
- La Trobe
Institute for Molecular Science, la Trobe
University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
- CSIRO
Data61, Pullenvale 4069, Australia
| | - Laurence Burroughs
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Blok
- Division
of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- Biodiscovery
Institute and School of Life Sciences, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Francesco Pappalardo
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Paul Williams
- Biodiscovery
Institute and School of Life Sciences, University
of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced
Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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34
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Kotowska AM, Trindade GF, Mendes PM, Williams PM, Aylott JW, Shard AG, Alexander MR, Scurr DJ. Protein identification by 3D OrbiSIMS to facilitate in situ imaging and depth profiling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5832. [PMID: 33203841 PMCID: PMC7672064 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Label-free protein characterization at surfaces is commonly achieved using digestion and/or matrix application prior to mass spectrometry. We report the assignment of undigested proteins at surfaces in situ using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Ballistic fragmentation of proteins induced by a gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) leads to peptide cleavage producing fragments for subsequent OrbitrapTM analysis. In this work we annotate 16 example proteins (up to 272 kDa) by de novo peptide sequencing and illustrate the advantages of this approach by characterizing a protein monolayer biochip and the depth distribution of proteins in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kotowska
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Paula M Mendes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Philip M Williams
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alexander G Shard
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | | | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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35
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Edney MK, Lamb JS, Spanu M, Smith EF, Steer E, Wilmot E, Reid J, Barker J, Alexander MR, Snape CE, Scurr DJ. Spatially Resolved Molecular Compositions of Insoluble Multilayer Deposits Responsible for Increased Pollution from Internal Combustion Engines. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:51026-51035. [PMID: 33121243 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Internal combustion engines are used heavily in diverse applications worldwide. Achieving the most efficient operation is key to improving air quality as society moves to a decarbonized energy system. Insoluble deposits that form within internal combustion engine components including fuel injectors and filters negatively impact CO2 and pollutant emissions. Understanding the composition, origins, and formation mechanisms of these complex materials will be key to their mitigation however, previous attempts only afforded nondiagnostic chemical assignments and limited knowledge toward this. Here, we uncover the identity and spatial distribution of molecular species from a gasoline direct injector, diesel injector, and filter deposit in situ using a new hyphenation of secondary ion mass spectrometry and the state-of-the-art Orbitrap mass analyzer (3D OrbiSIMS) and elemental analysis. Through a high mass resolving power and tandem MS we unambiguously uncovered the identity, distribution, and origin of species including alkylbenzyl sulfonates and provide evidence of deposit formation mechanisms including formation of longer chain sulfonates at the gasoline deposit's surface as well as aromatization to form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons up to C66H20, which were prevalent in the lower depth of this deposit. Inorganic salts contributed significantly to the diesel injector deposit throughout its depth, suggesting contamination over multiple fueling cycles. Findings will enable several strategies to mitigate these insoluble materials such as implementing stricter worldwide fuel specifications, modifying additives with adverse reactivity, and synthesizing new fuel additives to solubilize deposits in the engine, thereby leading to less polluting vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max K Edney
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Joseph S Lamb
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Matteo Spanu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Emily F Smith
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Elisabeth Steer
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Edward Wilmot
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire CH65 4EY, U.K
| | - Jacqueline Reid
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire CH65 4EY, U.K
| | - Jim Barker
- Innospec Ltd., Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire CH65 4EY, U.K
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Colin E Snape
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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36
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Abstract
The world faces a severe and acute public health emergency due to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Healthcare workers are in the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak response and are exposed to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection daily. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is their main defense against viral contamination; gloves, visors, face masks, and gown materials are designed to eliminate viral transfer from infected patients. Here, we review research investigating the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and similar viruses on surfaces and highlight opportunities for materials that can actively reduce SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination and associated transmission and improve PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xue
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre for Research on Global Virus Infections, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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37
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Pearce AK, Anane‐Adjei AB, Cavanagh RJ, Monteiro PF, Bennett TM, Taresco V, Clarke PA, Ritchie AA, Alexander MR, Grabowska AM, Alexander C. Effects of Polymer 3D Architecture, Size, and Chemistry on Biological Transport and Drug Delivery In Vitro and in Orthotopic Triple Negative Breast Cancer Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000892. [PMID: 33073536 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The size, shape, and underlying chemistries of drug delivery particles are key parameters which govern their ultimate performance in vivo. Responsive particles are desirable for triggered drug delivery, achievable through architecture change and biodegradation to control in vivo fate. Here, polymeric materials are synthesized with linear, hyperbranched, star, and micellar-like architectures based on 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide (HPMA), and the effects of 3D architecture and redox-responsive biodegradation on biological transport are investigated. Variations in "stealth" behavior between the materials are quantified in vitro and in vivo, whereby reduction-responsive hyperbranched polymers most successfully avoid accumulation within the liver, and none of the materials target the spleen or lungs. Functionalization of selected architectures with doxorubicin (DOX) demonstrates enhanced efficacy over the free drug in 2D and 3D in vitro models, and enhanced efficacy in vivo in a highly aggressive orthotopic breast cancer model when dosed over schedules accounting for the biodistribution of the carriers. These data show it is possible to direct materials of the same chemistries into different cellular and physiological regions via modulation of their 3D architectures, and thus the work overall provides valuable new insight into how nanoparticle architecture and programmed degradation can be tailored to elicit specific biological responses for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Pearce
- School of Chemistry University of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT UK
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - Phil A. Clarke
- School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham NG72RD UK
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38
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Singh T, Hook AL, Luckett J, Maitz MF, Sperling C, Werner C, Davies MC, Irvine DJ, Williams P, Alexander MR. Discovery of hemocompatible bacterial biofilm-resistant copolymers. Biomaterials 2020; 260:120312. [PMID: 32866726 PMCID: PMC7534038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood-contacting medical devices play an important role within healthcare and are required to be biocompatible, hemocompatible and resistant to microbial colonization. Here we describe a high throughput screen for copolymers with these specific properties. A series of weakly amphiphilic monomers are combinatorially polymerized with acrylate glycol monomers of varying chain lengths to create a library of 645 multi-functional candidate materials containing multiple chemical moieties that impart anti-biofilm, hemo- and immuno-compatible properties. These materials are screened in over 15,000 individual biological assays, targeting two bacterial species, one Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) commonly associated with central venous catheter infections, using 5 different measures of hemocompatibility and 6 measures of immunocompatibililty. Selected copolymers reduce platelet activation, platelet loss and leukocyte activation compared with the standard comparator PTFE as well as reducing bacterial biofilm formation in vitro by more than 82% compared with silicone. Poly(isobornyl acrylate-co-triethylene glycol methacrylate) (75:25) is identified as the optimal material across all these measures reducing P. aeruginosa biofilm formation by up to 86% in vivo in a murine foreign body infection model compared with uncoated silicone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjit Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew L Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jeni Luckett
- Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Sperling
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Centre for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martyn C Davies
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Derek J Irvine
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paul Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Alexander MR, Schoeder CT, Brown JA, Smart CD, Moth C, Wikswo JP, Capra JA, Meiler J, Chen W, Madhur MS. Which animals are at risk? Predicting species susceptibility to Covid-19. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32676592 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.09.194563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In only a few months, the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic, leaving physicians, scientists, and public health officials racing to understand, treat, and contain this zoonotic disease. SARS-CoV-2 has made the leap from animals to humans, but little is known about variations in species susceptibility that could identify potential reservoir species, animal models, and the risk to pets, wildlife, and livestock. While there is evidence that certain species, such as cats, are susceptible, the vast majority of animal species, including those in close contact with humans, have unknown susceptibility. Hence, methods to predict their infection risk are urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is critical for viral cell entry and infection. Here we identified key ACE2 residues that distinguish susceptible from resistant species using in-depth sequence and structural analyses of ACE2 and its binding to SARS-CoV-2. Our findings have important implications for identification of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 residues for therapeutic targeting and identification of animal species with increased susceptibility for infection on which to focus research and protection measures for environmental and public health.
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40
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Zhang J, Brown J, Scurr DJ, Bullen A, MacLellan-Gibson K, Williams P, Alexander MR, Hardie KR, Gilmore IS, Rakowska PD. Cryo-OrbiSIMS for 3D Molecular Imaging of a Bacterial Biofilm in Its Native State. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9008-9015. [PMID: 32460495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is gaining popularity for molecular imaging in the life sciences because it is label-free and allows imaging in two and three dimensions. The recent introduction of the OrbiSIMS has significantly improved the utility for biological imaging through combining subcellular spatial resolution with high-performance Orbitrap mass spectrometry. SIMS instruments operate in high-vacuum, and samples are typically analyzed in a freeze-dried state. Consequently, the molecular and structural information may not be well-preserved. We report a method for molecular imaging of biological materials, preserved in a native state, by using an OrbiSIMS instrument equipped with cryogenic sample handling and a high-pressure freezing protocol compatible with mass spectrometry. The performance is demonstrated by imaging a challenging sample (>90% water) of a mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in its native state. The 3D distribution of quorum sensing signaling molecules, nucleobases, and bacterial membrane molecules is revealed with high spatial-resolution and high mass-resolution. We discover that analysis in the frozen-hydrated state yields a 10 000-fold increase in signal intensity for polar molecules such as amino acids, which has important implications for SIMS imaging of metabolites and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Zhang
- NiCE-MSI, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - James Brown
- Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Anwen Bullen
- Biological Imaging Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, U.K.,UCL Ear Institute, 332 Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, U.K
| | - Kirsty MacLellan-Gibson
- Biological Imaging Group, National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, U.K
| | - Paul Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Kim R Hardie
- Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ian S Gilmore
- NiCE-MSI, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Paulina D Rakowska
- NiCE-MSI, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K
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41
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Vallieres C, Hook AL, He Y, Crucitti VC, Figueredo G, Davies CR, Burroughs L, Winkler DA, Wildman RD, Irvine DJ, Alexander MR, Avery SV. Discovery of (meth)acrylate polymers that resist colonization by fungi associated with pathogenesis and biodeterioration. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba6574. [PMID: 32548270 PMCID: PMC7274803 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fungi have major, negative socioeconomic impacts, but control with bioactive agents is increasingly restricted, while resistance is growing. Here, we describe an alternative fungal control strategy via materials operating passively (i.e., no killing effect). We screened hundreds of (meth)acrylate polymers in high throughput, identifying several that reduce attachment of the human pathogen Candida albicans, the crop pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and other fungi. Specific polymer functional groups were associated with weak attachment. Low fungal colonization materials were not toxic, supporting their passive, anti-attachment utility. We developed a candidate monomer formulation for inkjet-based 3D printing. Printed voice prosthesis components showed up to 100% reduction in C. albicans biofilm versus commercial materials. Furthermore, spray-coated leaf surfaces resisted fungal infection, with no plant toxicity. This is the first high-throughput study of polymer chemistries resisting fungal attachment. These materials are ready for incorporation in products to counteract fungal deterioration of goods, food security, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Vallieres
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yinfeng He
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - David A. Winkler
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ricky D. Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Simon V. Avery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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42
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Vassey MJ, Figueredo GP, Scurr DJ, Vasilevich AS, Vermeulen S, Carlier A, Luckett J, Beijer NRM, Williams P, Winkler DA, de Boer J, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alexander MR. Immune Modulation by Design: Using Topography to Control Human Monocyte Attachment and Macrophage Differentiation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903392. [PMID: 32537404 PMCID: PMC7284204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in orchestrating immune responses to foreign materials, which are often responsible for the failure of implanted medical devices. Material topography is known to influence macrophage attachment and phenotype, providing opportunities for the rational design of "immune-instructive" topographies to modulate macrophage function and thus foreign body responses to biomaterials. However, no generalizable understanding of the inter-relationship between topography and cell response exists. A high throughput screening approach is therefore utilized to investigate the relationship between topography and human monocyte-derived macrophage attachment and phenotype, using a diverse library of 2176 micropatterns generated by an algorithm. This reveals that micropillars 5-10 µm in diameter play a dominant role in driving macrophage attachment compared to the many other topographies screened, an observation that aligns with studies of the interaction of macrophages with particles. Combining the pillar size with the micropillar density is found to be key in modulation of cell phenotype from pro to anti-inflammatory states. Machine learning is used to successfully build a model that correlates cell attachment and phenotype with a selection of descriptors, illustrating that materials can potentially be designed to modulate inflammatory responses for future applications in the fight against foreign body rejection of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David J. Scurr
- School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600 EBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue EngineeringMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ETMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue EngineeringMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ETMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jeni Luckett
- University of Nottingham Biosdiscovery Institute and School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2UHUK
| | - Nick R. M. Beijer
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue EngineeringMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ETMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Williams
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - David A. Winkler
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundoora3042Australia
- School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkville3052Australia
- CSIRO Data61Parkville4069Australia
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600 EBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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Gardner W, Hook AL, Alexander MR, Ballabio D, Cutts SM, Muir BW, Pigram PJ. ToF-SIMS and Machine Learning for Single-Pixel Molecular Discrimination of an Acrylate Polymer Microarray. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6587-6597. [PMID: 32233419 PMCID: PMC7611022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial approaches to materials discovery offer promising potential for the rapid development of novel polymer systems. Polymer microarrays enable the high-throughput comparison of material physical and chemical properties-such as surface chemistry and properties like cell attachment or protein adsorption-in order to identify correlations that can progress materials development. A challenge for this approach is to accurately discriminate between highly similar polymer chemistries or identify heterogeneities within individual polymer spots. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) offers unique potential in this regard, capable of describing the chemistry associated with the outermost layer of a sample with high spatial resolution and chemical sensitivity. However, this comes at the cost of generating large scale, complex hyperspectral imaging data sets. We have demonstrated previously that machine learning is a powerful tool for interpreting ToF-SIMS images, describing a method for color-tagging the output of a self-organizing map (SOM). This reduces the entire hyperspectral data set to a single reconstructed color similarity map, in which the spectral similarity between pixels is represented by color similarity in the map. Here, we apply the same methodology to a ToF-SIMS image of a printed polymer microarray for the first time. We report complete, single-pixel molecular discrimination of the 70 unique homopolymer spots on the array while also identifying intraspot heterogeneities thought to be related to intermixing of the polymer and the pHEMA coating. In this way, we show that the SOM can identify layers of similarity and clusters in the data, both with respect to polymer backbone structures and their individual side groups. Finally, we relate the output of the SOM analysis with fluorescence data from polymer-protein adsorption studies, highlighting how polymer performance can be visualized within the context of the global topology of the data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wil Gardner
- Centre for Materials and Surface Science and Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Davide Ballabio
- Milano Chemometrics and QSAR Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Suzanne M. Cutts
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Paul J. Pigram
- Centre for Materials and Surface Science and Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Singh N, Romero M, Travanut A, Monteiro PF, Jordana-Lluch E, Hardie KR, Williams P, Alexander MR, Alexander C. Dual bioresponsive antibiotic and quorum sensing inhibitor combination nanoparticles for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in vitro and ex vivo. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:4099-4111. [PMID: 31355397 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00773c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many debilitating infections result from persistent microbial biofilms that do not respond to conventional antibiotic regimens. A potential method to treat such chronic infections is to combine agents which interfere with bacterial biofilm development together with an antibiotic in a single formulation. Here, we explore the use of a new bioresponsive polymer formulation derived from specifically modified alginate nanoparticles (NPs) in order to deliver ciprofloxacin (CIP) in combination with the quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) 3-amino-7-chloro-2-nonylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (ACNQ) to mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The alginate NPs were engineered to incorporate a pH-responsive linker between the polysaccharide backbone and the QSI, and to encapsulate CIP via charge-charge interactions of the positively-charged drug with the carboxyl residues of the alginate matrix. In this way, a dual-action release of antibiotic and QSI was designed for the low-pH regions of a biofilm, involving cleavage of the QSI-linker to the alginate matrix and reduced charge-charge interactions between CIP and the polysaccharide as the alginate carboxyl side-chains protonated. When tested in a biofilm model the concomitant release of CIP + QSI from the pH-responsive nanoparticles significantly reduced the viability of the biofilm compared with CIP treatment alone. In addition, the alginate NPs were shown to penetrate deeply into P. aeruginosa biofilms, which we attribute in part to the charges of the NPs and the release of the QSI agent. Finally, we tested the formulation in both a 2D keratinocyte and a 3D ex vivo skin infection model. The dual-action bio-responsive QSI and CIP release nanoparticles effectively cleared the infection in the latter, suggesting considerable promise for combination therapeutics which prevent biofilm formation as well as effectively killing mature P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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45
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Clark EA, Alexander MR, Irvine DJ, Roberts CJ, Wallace MJ, Yoo J, Wildman RD. Making tablets for delivery of poorly soluble drugs using photoinitiated 3D inkjet printing. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:118805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Kurmoo Y, Hook AL, Harvey D, Dubern JF, Williams P, Morgan SP, Korposh S, Alexander MR. Real time monitoring of biofilm formation on coated medical devices for the reduction and interception of bacterial infections. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:1464-1477. [PMID: 31965132 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00875f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Real time monitoring of bacterial attachment to medical devices provides opportunities to detect early biofilm formation and instigate appropriate interventions before infection develops. This study utilises long period grating (LPG) optical fibre sensors, incorporated into the lumen of endotracheal tubes (ETTs), to monitor in real time, Pseudomonas aeruginosa surface colonisation and biofilm formation. The wavelength shift of LPG attenuation bands was monitored for 24 h and compared with biofilm biomass, quantified using confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging. Biofilm formation was compared on uncoated ETTs and optical fibres, and on a biofilm resistant acrylate polymer, after challenge in an artificial sputum or minimal growth medium (RPMI-1640). The LPG sensor was able to detect a biofilm biomass as low as 81 μg cm-2, by comparison with the confocal image quantification. An empirical exponential function was found to link the optical attenuation wavelength shift with the inverse of the biofilm biomass, allowing quantification of biofouling from the spectral response. Quantification from the sensor allows infection interception and early device removal, to reduce, for example, the risk of ventilator associated pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Kurmoo
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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47
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Dundas AA, Sanni O, Dubern JF, Dimitrakis G, Hook AL, Irvine DJ, Alexander PW, Alexander MR. Validating a Predictive Structure-Property Relationship by Discovery of Novel Polymers which Reduce Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1903513. [PMID: 31583791 PMCID: PMC7613244 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic materials are an everyday component of modern healthcare yet often fail routinely as a consequence of medical-device-centered infections. The incidence rate for catheter-associated urinary tract infections is between 3% and 7% for each day of use, which means that infection is inevitable when resident for sufficient time. The O'Neill Review on antimicrobial resistance estimates that, left unchecked, ten million people will die annually from drug-resistant infections by 2050. Development of biomaterials resistant to bacterial colonization can play an important role in reducing device-associated infections. However, rational design of new biomaterials is hindered by the lack of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). Here, the development of a predictive QSAR is reported for bacterial biofilm formation on a range of polymers, using calculated molecular descriptors of monomer units to discover and exemplify novel, biofilm-resistant (meth-)acrylate-based polymers. These predictions are validated successfully by the synthesis of new monomers which are polymerized to create coatings found to be resistant to biofilm formation by six different bacterial pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Dundas
- Advanced Medical and Healthcare Technologies School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Olutoba Sanni
- Advanced Medical and Healthcare Technologies School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- Centre of Biomolecular Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Georgios Dimitrakis
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- Advanced Medical and Healthcare Technologies School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Derek J. Irvine
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paul Williams Alexander
- Centre of Biomolecular Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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48
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Alvarez-Paino M, Amer MH, Nasir A, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Thorpe J, Burroughs L, Needham D, Denning C, Alexander MR, Alexander C, Rose FRAJ. Polymer Microparticles with Defined Surface Chemistry and Topography Mediate the Formation of Stem Cell Aggregates and Cardiomyocyte Function. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:34560-34574. [PMID: 31502820 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface-functionalized microparticles are relevant to fields spanning engineering and biomedicine, with uses ranging from cell culture to advanced cell delivery. Varying topographies of biomaterial surfaces are also being investigated as mediators of cell-material interactions and subsequent cell fate. To investigate competing or synergistic effects of chemistry and topography in three-dimensional cell cultures, methods are required to introduce these onto microparticles without modification of their underlying morphology or bulk properties. In this study, a new approach for surface functionalization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) microparticles is reported that allows decoration of the outer shell of the polyesters with additional polymers via aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization routes. PLA microparticles with smooth or dimpled surfaces were functionalized with poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) and poly[N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide] brushes, chosen for their potential abilities to mediate cell adhesion. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis indicated homogeneous coverage of the microparticles with polymer brushes while maintaining the original topographies. These materials were used to investigate the relative importance of surface chemistry and topography both on the formation of human immortalized mesenchymal stem cell (hiMSCs) particle-cell aggregates and on the enhanced contractility of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs). The influence of surface chemistry was found to be more important on the size of particle-cell aggregates than topographies. In addition, surface chemistries that best promoted hiMSC attachment also improved hiPSC-CM attachment and contractility. These studies demonstrated a new route to obtain topo-chemical combinations on polyester-based biomaterials and provided clear evidence for the predominant effect of surface functionality over micron-scale dimpled topography in cell-microparticle interactions. These findings, thus, provide new guiding principles for the design of biomaterial interfaces to direct cell function.
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49
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Hook AL, Flewellen JL, Dubern JF, Carabelli AM, Zaid IM, Berry RM, Wildman RD, Russell N, Williams P, Alexander MR. Simultaneous Tracking of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Motility in Liquid and at the Solid-Liquid Interface Reveals Differential Roles for the Flagellar Stators. mSystems 2019; 4:e00390-19. [PMID: 31551402 PMCID: PMC6759568 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00390-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria sense chemicals, surfaces, and other cells and move toward some and away from others. Studying how single bacterial cells in a population move requires sophisticated tracking and imaging techniques. We have established quantitative methodology for label-free imaging and tracking of individual bacterial cells simultaneously within the bulk liquid and at solid-liquid interfaces by utilizing the imaging modes of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) in three dimensions (3D), differential interference contrast (DIC), and total internal reflectance microscopy (TIRM) in two dimensions (2D) combined with analysis protocols employing bespoke software. To exemplify and validate this methodology, we investigated the swimming behavior of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild-type strain and isogenic flagellar stator mutants (motAB and motCD) within the bulk liquid and at the surface at the single-cell and population levels. Multiple motile behaviors were observed that could be differentiated by speed and directionality. Both stator mutants swam slower and were unable to adjust to the near-surface environment as effectively as the wild type, highlighting differential roles for the stators in adapting to near-surface environments. A significant reduction in run speed was observed for the P. aeruginosa mot mutants, which decreased further on entering the near-surface environment. These results are consistent with the mot stators playing key roles in responding to the near-surface environment.IMPORTANCE We have established a methodology to enable the movement of individual bacterial cells to be followed within a 3D space without requiring any labeling. Such an approach is important to observe and understand how bacteria interact with surfaces and form biofilm. We investigated the swimming behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has two flagellar stators that drive its swimming motion. Mutants that had only either one of the two stators swam slower and were unable to adjust to the near-surface environment as effectively as the wild type. These results are consistent with the mot stators playing key roles in responding to the near-surface environment and could be used by bacteria to sense via their flagella when they are near a surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hook
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James L Flewellen
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Frédéric Dubern
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro M Carabelli
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Irwin M Zaid
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Berry
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Noah Russell
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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50
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Cader HK, Rance GA, Alexander MR, Gonçalves AD, Roberts CJ, Tuck CJ, Wildman RD. Water-based 3D inkjet printing of an oral pharmaceutical dosage form. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:359-368. [PMID: 30978485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inkjet printing is a form of additive manufacturing where liquid droplets are selectively deposited onto a substrate followed by solidification. The process provides significant potential advantages for producing solid oral dosage forms or tablets, including a reduction in the number of manufacturing steps as well as the ability to tailor a unique dosage regime to an individual patient. This study utilises solvent inkjet printing to print tablets through the use of a Fujifilm Dimatix printer. Using polyvinylpyrrolidone and thiamine hydrochloride (a model excipient and drug, respectively), a water-based ink formulation was developed to exhibit reliable and effective jetting properties. Tablets were printed on polyethylene terephthalate films where solvent evaporation in the ambient environment was the solidification mechanism. The tablets were shown to contain a drug loading commensurate with the composition of the ink, in its preferred polymorphic phase of a non-stoichiometric hydrate distributed homogenously. The printed tablets displayed rapid drug release. This paper illustrates solvent inkjet printing's ability to print entire free-standing tablets without an edible substrate being part of the tablet and the use of additional printing methods. Common problems with solvent-based inkjet printing, such as the use toxic solvents, are avoided. The strategy developed here for tablet manufacturing from a suitable ink is general and provides a framework for the formulation for any drug that is soluble in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim K Cader
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Graham A Rance
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, Cripps South, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrea D Gonçalves
- DPDD Drug Delivery, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Clive J Roberts
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chris J Tuck
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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