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Korsun N, Trifonova I, Madzharova I, Alexiev I, Uzunova I, Ivanov I, Velikov P, Tcherveniakova T, Christova I. Resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus with dominance of RSV-B during the 2022-2023 season. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1376389. [PMID: 38628867 PMCID: PMC11019023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1376389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory viruses in Bulgaria, characterize the genetic diversity of RSV strains, and perform amino acid sequence analyses of RSV surface and internal proteins. Methods Clinical and epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively collected from patients with acute respiratory infections between October 2020 and May 2023. Real-time PCR for 13 respiratory viruses, whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic, and amino acid analyses were performed. Results This study included three epidemic seasons (2020-2021, 2021-2022, and 2022-2023) from week 40 of the previous year to week 20 of the following year. Of the 3,047 patients examined, 1,813 (59.5%) tested positive for at least one viral respiratory pathogen. RSV was the second most detected virus (10.9%) after SARS-CoV-2 (22%). Coinfections between RSV and other respiratory viruses were detected in 68 cases, including 14 with SARS-CoV-2. After two seasons of low circulation, RSV activity increased significantly during the 2022-2023 season. The detection rates of RSV were 3.2, 6.6, and 13.7% in the first, second, and third seasons, respectively. RSV was the most common virus found in children under 5 years old with bronchiolitis (40%) and pneumonia (24.5%). RSV-B drove the 2022-2023 epidemic. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sequenced RSV-B strains belonged to the GB5.0.5a and GB5.0.6a genotypes. Amino acid substitutions in the surface and internal proteins, including the F protein antigenic sites were identified compared to the BA prototype strain. Conclusion This study revealed a strong resurgence of RSV in the autumn of 2022 after the lifting of anti-COVID-19 measures, the leading role of RSV as a causative agent of serious respiratory illnesses in early childhood, and relatively low genetic diversity in circulating RSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iveta Madzharova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Alexiev
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Velikov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Iva Christova
- National Laboratory “Influenza and ARI”, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Trang UTH, Phuong HVM, Hoang NH, Son NV, Thanh LT, Hang NLK, Cuong VD, Huong TTT, Hien NT, Anh NP, Mai LQ. Circulation of human respiratory syncytial virus and new ON1 genotype in northern Viet Nam, 2017-2020. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2023; 14:1-9. [PMID: 38021214 PMCID: PMC10646430 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.4.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of paediatric severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) worldwide, especially in developing countries. We investigated the genetic characteristics of RSV in northern Viet Nam to determine the prevalence and distribution of subtypes as well as the diversity and transmission patterns of genotypes. Methods In two facilities, from January 2017 to December 2020, 1563 clinical specimens were collected from paediatric patients hospitalized with SARI and tested for RSV. Selected positive samples underwent sequencing analysis targeting the second hypervariable region of the G gene using next-generation sequencing. Results The RSV positivity rate was 28.02% (438/1563 samples), and prevalence was highest in children aged < 1 year (43.84%; 192/438). Subtype RSV-A accounted for 53.42% (234/438) of cases, RSV-B for 45.89% (201/438), and there was coinfection in 0.68% (3/438). Both subtypes cocirculated and peaked during August-September in each year of the study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RSV-A samples belonged to the ON1 genotype, which has three subgenotypes: ON1.1, ON1.2 and ON1.3. However, we did not find the 72-nucleotide duplication in the second hypervariable region of the G gene, a characteristic of genotype ON1, in any RSV-A samples. RSV-B samples belonged to genotype BA9. Discussion Our results provide additional molecular characterization of RSV infections in Viet Nam. Specially, our study is the first to report the absence of the 72-nucleotide duplication in the G gene of RSV-A genotype ON1 in Viet Nam, which may help in understanding the genetic evolution of RSV and be useful for vaccine development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ung Thi Hong Trang
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Vu Son
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Thi Thanh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Vuong Duc Cuong
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Hien
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Le Quynh Mai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Tramuto F, Maida CM, Mazzucco W, Costantino C, Amodio E, Sferlazza G, Previti A, Immordino P, Vitale F. Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Sicily during Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Surveillance Seasons. Pathogens 2023; 12:1099. [PMID: 37764907 PMCID: PMC10534943 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is an important pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection of global significance. In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and the genetic variability of hRSV over seven surveillance seasons between 2015 and 2023 in Sicily, Italy. hRSV subgroups co-circulated through every season, although hRSV-B mostly prevailed. After the considerable reduction in the circulation of hRSV due to the widespread implementation of non-pharmaceutical preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, hRSV rapidly re-emerged at a high intensity in 2022-2023. The G gene was sequenced for genotyping and analysis of deduced amino acids. A total of 128 hRSV-A and 179 hRSV-B G gene sequences were obtained. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the GA2.3.5a (ON1) and GB5.0.5a (BA9) genotypes were responsible for the hRSV epidemics in Sicily.; only one strain belonged to the genotype GB5.0.4a. No differences were observed in the circulating genotypes during pre- and post-pandemic years. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed the continuous evolution of the G gene, with a combination of amino acid changes specifically appearing in 2022-2023. The predicted N-glycosylation sites were relatively conserved in ON1 and BA9 genotype strains. Our findings augment the understanding and prediction of the seasonal evolution of hRSV at the local level and its implication in the monitoring of novel variants worth considering in better design of candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Tramuto
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Carmelo Massimo Maida
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Walter Mazzucco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Emanuele Amodio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Sferlazza
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Adriana Previti
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Palmira Immordino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”—Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (C.M.M.); (W.M.); (C.C.); (E.A.); (P.I.); (F.V.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (A.P.)
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Hu L, Jiang J, Tang Y, Mei L, Wu L, Li L, Chen H, Long F, Xiao J, Peng T. A Pseudovirus-Based Entry Assay to Evaluate Neutralizing Activity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1548. [PMID: 37515234 PMCID: PMC10386507 DOI: 10.3390/v15071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can cause life-threatening pneumonia and bronchiolitis, posing a significant threat to human health worldwide, especially to children and the elderly. Currently, there is no specific treatment for RSV infection. The most effective measures for preventing RSV infection are vaccines and prophylactic medications. However, not all population groups are eligible for the approved vaccines or antibody-based preventive medications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel vaccines and prophylactic drugs available for people of all ages. High-throughput assays that evaluate the efficacy of viral entry inhibitors or vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies in blocking RSV entry are crucial for evaluating vaccine and prophylactic drug candidates. We developed an efficient entry assay using a lentiviral pseudovirus carrying the fusion (F) protein of type A or B RSV. In addition, the essential parameters were systematically optimized, including the number of transfected plasmids, storage conditions of the pseudovirus, cell types, cell numbers, virus inoculum, and time point of detection. Furthermore, the convalescent sera exhibited comparable inhibitory activity in this assay as in the authentic RSV virus neutralization assay. We established a robust pseudovirus-based entry assay for RSV, which holds excellent promise for studying entry mechanisms, evaluating viral entry inhibitors, and assessing vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies against RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiajing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yongjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lingling Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Liping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Leyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Hongzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Fei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
- Greater Bay Area Innovative Vaccine Technology Development Center, Guangzhou International Bio Island Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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Kim HN, Hwang J, Yoon SY, Lim CS, Cho Y, Lee CK, Nam MH. Molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus in Seoul, South Korea, during 10 consecutive years, 2010-2019. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283873. [PMID: 37023101 PMCID: PMC10079039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalization in infants and young children. Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity of RSV using partial G gene sequences in 84 RSV-A and 78 RSV- B positive samples collected in Seoul, South Korea, for 10 consecutive years, from 2010 to 2019. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that RSV-A strains were classified into either the ON1 (80.9%) or NA1 (19.0%) genotypes. On the other hand, RSV-B strains demonstrated diversified clusters within the BA genotype. Notably, some sequences designated as BA-SE, BA-SE1, and BA-DIS did not cluster with previously identified BA genotypes in the phylogenetic trees. Despite this, they did not meet the criteria for the assignment of a new genotype based on recent classification methods. Selection pressure analysis identified three positive selection sites (amino acid positions 273, 274, and 298) in RSV-A, and one possible positive selection site (amino acid position 296) in RSV-B, respectively. The mean evolutionary rates of Korean RSV-A from 1999 to 2019 and RSV-B strains from 1991 and 2019 were estimated at 3.51 × 10-3 nucleotides (nt) substitutions/site/year and 3.32 × 10-3 nt substitutions/site/year, respectively. The population dynamics in the Bayesian skyline plot revealed fluctuations corresponding to the emergence of dominant strains, including a switch of the dominant genotype from NA1 to ON1. Our study on time-scaled cumulative evolutionary analysis contributes to a better understanding of RSV epidemiology at the local level in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Nui Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinha Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunjung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Hyun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Goya S, Lucion MF, Shilts MH, Juárez MDV, Gentile A, Mistchenko AS, Viegas M, Das SR. Evolutionary dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in Buenos Aires: Viral diversity, migration, and subgroup replacement. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead006. [PMID: 36880065 PMCID: PMC9985318 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the major causes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. The scarcity of complete genome data limits our understanding of RSV spatiotemporal distribution, evolution, and viral variant emergence. Nasopharyngeal samples collected from hospitalized pediatric patients from Buenos Aires tested positive for RSV LRTI during four consecutive outbreaks (2014-2017) were randomly subsampled for RSV complete genome sequencing. Phylodynamic studies and viral population characterization of genomic variability, diversity, and migration of viruses to and from Argentina during the study period were performed. Our sequencing effort resulted in one of the largest collections of RSV genomes from a given location (141 RSV-A and 135 RSV-B) published so far. RSV-B was dominant during the 2014-2016 outbreaks (60 per cent of cases) but was abruptly replaced by RSV-A in 2017, with RSV-A accounting for 90 per cent of sequenced samples. A significant decrease in RSV genomic diversity-represented by both a reduction in genetic lineages detected and the predominance of viral variants defined by signature amino acids-was observed in Buenos Aires in 2016, the year prior to the RSV subgroup predominance replacement. Multiple introductions to Buenos Aires were detected, some with persistent detection over seasons, and also, RSV was observed to migrate from Buenos Aires to other countries. Our results suggest that the decrease in viral diversity may have allowed the dramatic predominance switch from RSV-B to RSV-A in 2017. The immune pressure generated against circulating viruses with limited diversity during a given outbreak may have created a fertile ground for an antigenically divergent RSV variant to be introduced and successfully spread in the subsequent outbreak. Overall, our RSV genomic analysis of intra- and inter-outbreak diversity provides an opportunity to better understand the epochal evolutionary dynamics of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Goya
- Virology Laboratory, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maria Florencia Lucion
- Department of Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Meghan H Shilts
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - María del Valle Juárez
- Department of Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Angela Gentile
- Department of Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Alicia S Mistchenko
- Virology Laboratory, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Mariana Viegas
- Virology Laboratory, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Suman R Das
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Jia R, Lu L, Su L, Lin Z, Gao D, Lv H, Xu M, Liu P, Cao L, Xu J. Resurgence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic Among Children in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:938372. [PMID: 35875547 PMCID: PMC9298468 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.938372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen causing acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children. RSV usually peaks in winter and declines by early spring in China. The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported to bring changes to the transmission pattern of respiratory pathogens including RSV. Here in this paper, we analyzed RSV-positive nasopharyngeal aspirates from inpatients in the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University from October 2019 to October 2021 and compared the clinical features of the RSV-positive patients before and during COVID-19. We found an atypical upsurge of RSV infection in the late summer of 2021 after a major suppression in 2020. RSV B was the main subtype spreading among children throughout the study. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all RSV A strains belonged to ON1 genotype and all RSV B strains were BA9 genotype. Deduced amino acid analysis displayed different substitutions in the RSV strains observed before and during COVID-19. Demographic analysis suggested that males and infants aged under 5 months were the main populations infected with RSV by gender and age, respectively. Less severe clinical outcomes were observed in patients during COVID-19 than before the pandemic, especially in RSV B-positive patients. Our findings described the epidemiological changes in RSV infection brought by COVID-19, which further underscored the importance of continuous surveillance of RSV in the shadow of COVID-19 at both local and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyan Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Da Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Haiyan Lv
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Xu,
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Heraud JM, Lavergne A, Njouom R. Special Issue: “Viral Genetic Diversity”. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030570. [PMID: 35336977 PMCID: PMC8954497 DOI: 10.3390/v14030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Heraud
- National Reference Laboratory for Rabies and Viral Encephalitis, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 12900, Senegal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +221-770923244
| | - Anne Lavergne
- Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne 97306, French Guiana;
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon;
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