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Ameratunga R, Jordan A, Lehnert K, Leung E, Mears ER, Snell R, Steele R, Woon ST. SARS-CoV-2 evolution has increased resistance to monoclonal antibodies and first-generation COVID-19 vaccines: Is there a future therapeutic role for soluble ACE2 receptors for COVID-19? Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105894. [PMID: 38677595 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused calamitous health, economic and societal consequences. Although several COVID-19 vaccines have received full authorization for use, global deployment has faced political, financial and logistical challenges. The efficacy of first-generation COVID-19 vaccines is waning and breakthrough infections are allowing ongoing transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy relies on a functional immune system. Despite receiving three primary doses and three or more heterologous boosters, some immunocompromised patients may not be adequately protected by COVID-19 vaccines and remain vulnerable to severe disease. The evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has also resulted in the rapid obsolescence of monoclonal antibodies. Convalescent plasma from COVID-19 survivors has produced inconsistent results. New drugs such as Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) are beyond the reach of low- and middle-income countries. With widespread use of Paxlovid, it is likely nirmatrelvir-resistant clades of SARS-CoV-2 will emerge in the future. There is thus an urgent need for new effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatments. The in vitro efficacy of soluble ACE2 against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants including omicron (B.1.1.529), was recently described using a competitive ELISA assay as a surrogate marker for virus neutralization. This indicates soluble wild-type ACE2 receptors are likely to be resistant to viral evolution. Nasal and inhaled treatment with soluble ACE2 receptors has abrogated severe disease in animal models of COVID-19. There is an urgent need for clinical trials of this new class of antiviral therapeutics, which could complement vaccines and Paxlovid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ameratunga
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Anthony Jordan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily R Mears
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Russell Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Steele
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - See-Tarn Woon
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Dalky A, Quran TO, Abuhammad S, Al-Faraj HM, Bani Hani S, ALBashtawy M, Abu Khader IR, Jallad M, Salameh B. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among pregnant and lactating women attending maternity care clinics in refugee camps in Jordan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305314. [PMID: 38861556 PMCID: PMC11166341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the advantages of vaccination in preventing maternal and fetal problems, there were many concerns in the medical community regarding vaccine safety for pregnant women, and this has put obstetricians in a challenging situation when it comes to advising their pregnant patients on whether to obtain the vaccine. AIM This study was performed to define the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and assess the impact of COVID-19 attitudes and knowledge on vaccine acceptance between pregnant and lactating Syrian women who are seeking prenatal care services at the clinics in Azraq refugee camp in Jordan. METHOD A quantitative, cross-sectional study utilizing a non-probability convenience sample. A validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire consisting of four sections was used. RESULTS A total of 412 pregnant/lactating women was recruited The acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants was 86.5%. There was a significant positive moderate association between respondents' attitudes and knowledge around the COVID-19 vaccine and their acceptance of the vaccine (r = .468, p < .001, r = .357, p < .001), respectively. CONCLUSION To effectively mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic and achieve collective protection, decision-makers must intensify the efforts in promoting the importance of maternal vaccination, especially in vulnerable communities that suffer the most from pandemic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Dalky
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Management and Policy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Jordan
| | | | - Sawsan Abuhammad
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Maternal and Child Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Haneen Mahyoub Al-Faraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Management and Policy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Salam Bani Hani
- Faculty of Nursing, Nursing Department, Irbid National University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed ALBashtawy
- Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Department of Community and Mental Health, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | | | - Mohammed Jallad
- Faculty of Nursing, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Basma Salameh
- Faculty of Nursing, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
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Yang CR, Chang SY, Gong YN, Huang CG, Tung TH, Liu W, Chan TC, Hung KS, Shang HS, Tsai JJ, Kao CL, Wu HL, Daisy Liu LY, Lin WY, Fan YC, King CC, Ku CC. The emergence and successful elimination of SARS-CoV-2 dominant strains with increasing epidemic potential in Taiwan's 2021 outbreak. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22436. [PMID: 38107297 PMCID: PMC10724543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Taiwan's experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 guided its development of strategies to defend against SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, which enabled the successful control of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases from 2020 through March 2021. However, in late-April 2021, the imported Alpha variant began to cause COVID-19 outbreaks at an exceptional rate in Taiwan. In this study, we aimed to determine what epidemiological conditions enabled the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant strains to become dominant and decline later during a surge in the outbreak. In conjunction with contact-tracing investigations, we used our bioinformatics software, CoVConvert and IniCoV, to analyze whole-genome sequences of 101 Taiwan Alpha strains. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses revealed the epidemiological factors associated with viral dominance. Univariate analysis showed the dominant Alpha strains were preferentially selected in the surge's epicenter (p = 0.0024) through intensive human-to-human contact and maintained their dominance for 1.5 months until the Zero-COVID Policy was implemented. Multivariable regression found that the epidemic periods (p = 0.007) and epicenter (p = 0.001) were two significant factors associated with the dominant virus strains spread in the community. These dominant virus strains emerged at the outbreak's epicenter with frequent human-to-human contact and low vaccination coverage. The Level 3 Restrictions and Zero-COVID policy successfully controlled the outbreak in the community without city lockdowns. Our integrated method can identify the epidemiological conditions for emerging dominant virus with increasing epidemiological potential and support decision makers in rapidly containing outbreaks using public health measures that target fast-spreading virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Rur Yang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department (Dept.) of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, ROC
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Hua Tung
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, NTU 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan, ROC
- Dept. of Health, Taipei City Government, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, NTU 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Center for Precision Medicine and Genomics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Dept. of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, ROC
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Liang Kao
- Department (Dept.) of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, NTU 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Lin Wu
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Yu Daisy Liu
- Division of Biometry, Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wan-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, NTU 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chin Fan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, NTU 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chwan-Chuen King
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, NTU 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chi Ku
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1 Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, ROC
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Subramoney K, Mtileni N, Giandhari J, Naidoo Y, Ramphal Y, Pillay S, Ramphal U, Maharaj A, Tshiabuila D, Tegally H, Wilkinson E, Oliveira TD, Fielding BC, Treurnicht FK. Correction: Subramoney et al. Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during Five COVID-19 Waves and the Significance of Low-Frequency Lineages. Viruses 2023, 15, 1194. Viruses 2023; 15:1502. [PMID: 37515306 PMCID: PMC10370479 DOI: 10.3390/v15071502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the original publication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Subramoney
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Nkhensani Mtileni
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Giandhari
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Yeshnee Naidoo
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Yajna Ramphal
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Sureshnee Pillay
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Upasana Ramphal
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Akhil Maharaj
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Derek Tshiabuila
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Houriiyah Tegally
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Eduan Wilkinson
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Burtram C Fielding
- Molecular Biology and Virology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical BioSciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Florette K Treurnicht
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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