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Sang S, Song W, Lu L, Ou Q, Guan Y, Tao H, Wang Y, Liu C. The Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesin SadA from Salmonella spp. as a Novel Bacterial Surface Display System. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:399. [PMID: 38675781 PMCID: PMC11054257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial surface display platforms have been developed for applications such as vaccine delivery and peptide library screening. The type V secretion system is an attractive anchoring motif for the surface expression of foreign proteins in gram-negative bacteria. SadA belongs to subtype C of the type V secretion system derived from Salmonella spp. and promotes biofilm formation and host cell adherence. The inner membrane lipoprotein SadB is important for SadA translocation. In this study, SadA was used as an anchoring motif to expose heterologous proteins in Salmonella typhimurium using SadB. The ability of SadA to display heterologous proteins on the S. typhimurium surface in the presence of SadB was approximately three-fold higher than that in its absence of SadB. Compared to full-length SadA, truncated SadAs (SadA877 and SadA269) showed similar display capacities when exposing the B-cell epitopes of urease B from Helicobacter pylori (UreB158-172aa and UreB349-363aa). We grafted different protein domains, including mScarlet (red fluorescent protein), the urease B fragment (UreBm) from H. pylori SS1, and/or protective antigen domain 4 from Bacillus anthracis A16R (PAD4), onto SadA877 or SadA1292. Whole-cell dot blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometric analyses confirmed the localization of Flag×3-mScarlet (~30 kDa) and Flag×3-UreBm-mScarlet (~58 kDa) to the S. typhimurium surface using truncated SadA877 or SadA1292 as an anchoring motif. However, Flag×3-UreBm-PAD4-mScarlet (~75 kDa) was displayed on S. typhimurium using SadA1292. The oral administrated pSadBA1292-FUM/StmΔygeAΔmurI and pSadBA877-FUM/StmΔygeAΔmurI could elicit a significant mucosal and humoral immunity response. SadA could thus be used as an anchoring motif for the surface expression of large heterologous proteins as a potential strategy for attenuated bacterial vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (S.S.); (W.S.); (L.L.); (Q.O.); (Y.G.); (H.T.)
| | - Wenge Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (S.S.); (W.S.); (L.L.); (Q.O.); (Y.G.); (H.T.)
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (S.S.); (W.S.); (L.L.); (Q.O.); (Y.G.); (H.T.)
| | - Qikun Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (S.S.); (W.S.); (L.L.); (Q.O.); (Y.G.); (H.T.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yiyan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (S.S.); (W.S.); (L.L.); (Q.O.); (Y.G.); (H.T.)
| | - Haoxia Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (S.S.); (W.S.); (L.L.); (Q.O.); (Y.G.); (H.T.)
| | - Yanchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (S.S.); (W.S.); (L.L.); (Q.O.); (Y.G.); (H.T.)
| | - Chunjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; (S.S.); (W.S.); (L.L.); (Q.O.); (Y.G.); (H.T.)
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Guo P, Wang S, Yue H, Zhang X, Ma G, Li X, Wei W. Advancement of Engineered Bacteria for Orally Delivered Therapeutics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302702. [PMID: 37537714 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of bacteria and their biotic components as therapeutics has shown great potential in the treatment of diseases. Orally delivered bacteria improve patient compliance compared with injection-administered bacteria and are considered the preferred mode. However, due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment, the viability and therapeutic efficacy of orally delivered bacteria are significantly reduced in vivo. In recent years, with the rapid development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology, bacteria and biotic components have been engineered to achieve directed genetic reprogramming for construction and precise spatiotemporal control in the gastrointestinal tract, which can improve viability and therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a state-of-the-art review on the current progress of engineered bacterial systems for oral delivery is provided. The different types of bacterial and biotic components for oral administration are first summarized. The engineering strategies of these bacteria and biotic components and their treatment of diseases are next systematically summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of these bacterial therapeutics are highlighted that will contribute to the development of next-generation orally delivered bacteriotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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COVID-19 vaccine development based on recombinant viral and bacterial vector systems: combinatorial effect of adaptive and trained immunity. J Microbiol 2022; 60:321-334. [PMID: 35157221 PMCID: PMC8853094 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to many cases and deaths worldwide. Therefore, a number of vaccine candidates have been developed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, to date, 21 vaccines have received emergency approval for human use in at least one country. However, the recent global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has compromised the efficacy of the currently available vaccines. To protect against these variants, the use of vaccines that modulate T cell-mediated immune responses or innate immune cell memory function, termed trained immunity, is needed. The major advantage of a vaccine that uses bacteria or viral systems for the delivery of COVID-19 antigens is the ability to induce both T cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. In addition, such vaccine systems can also exert off-target effects via the vector itself, mediated partly through trained immunity; compared to other vaccine platforms, suggesting that this approach can provide better protection against even vaccine escape variants. This review presents the current status of the development of COVID-19 vaccines based on recombinant viral and bacterial delivery systems. We also discuss the current status of the use of licensed live vaccines for other infections, including BCG, oral polio and MMR vaccines, to prevent COVID-19 infections.
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Bacterially Delivered miRNA-Mediated Toll-like Receptor 8 Gene Silencing for Combined Therapy in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis: Therapeutic Effect of miRTLR8 in AD. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081715. [PMID: 34442794 PMCID: PMC8401271 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In atopic dermatitis (AD), skin inflammation is caused by complex interactions between genetic disposition and aberrant innate/adaptive immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key molecules in the innate/adaptive immune response as they recognize various molecular motifs associated with pathogens. Among them, TLR8 is implicated in eczematous skin reactions. We investigated the combined therapeutic effects of TLR8 gene silencing by the bacterial delivery of miRNA. We used Salmonella as a vector to deliver TLR8 miRNA. The recombinant strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) expressing TLR8 miRNA (ST-miRTLR8) was prepared for knockdown of TLR8. After oral administration of ST-miRTLR8 into mice, we observed the cytokine levels, skin pathology and scratching behaviors in an AD-like mouse model. TLR8 down-regulation decreased macrophage-derived chemokine concentrations in activated human mast cells. Serum IgE and interleukin-4 production were suppressed whereas IFN-γ was induced after oral administration of ST-miRTLR8. Scratching behaviors and skin inflammation were also improved. In addition, attenuated S. typhimurium safely accumulated in mouse macrophages and showed adjuvant effects. This study shows that the recombinant miRNA that expresses the TLR8 miRNA has therapeutic effects by suppressing Th2 inflammation. TLR gene modulation using miRNA via Salmonella vectors will thus have a double-protective effect in the treatment of AD.
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Salmonella Vaccine Vector System for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Evaluation of Its Efficacy with Virus-Like Particles. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010022. [PMID: 33466461 PMCID: PMC7824887 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious and devastating disease in livestock animals and has a great potential to cause severe economic loss worldwide. The major antigen of FMDV capsid protein, VP1, contains the major B-cell epitope responsible for effectively eliciting protective humoral immunity. In this study, irradiated Salmonella Typhimurium (KST0666) were used as transgenic vectors containing stress-inducible plasmid pRECN-VP1 to deliver the VP1 protein from FMDV-type A/WH/CHA/09. Mice were orally inoculated with ATOMASal-L3 harboring pRECN-VP1, and FMDV virus-like particles, where (VLPFMDV)-specific humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses were evaluated. Mice vaccinated with attenuated Salmonella (KST0666) expressing VP1 (named KST0669) showed high levels of VLP-specific IgA in feces and IgG in serum, with high FMDV neutralization titer. Moreover, KST0669-vaccinated mice showed increased population of IFN-γ (type 1 T helper cells; Th1 cells)-, IL-5 (Th2 cells)-, and IL-17A (Th17 cells)-expressing CD4+ as well as activated CD8+ T cells (IFN-γ+CD8+ cells), detected by stimulating VLPFMDV. All data indicate that our Salmonella vector system successfully delivered FMDV VP1 to immune cells and that the humoral and cellular efficacy of the vaccine can be easily evaluated using VLPFMDV in a Biosafety Level I (BSL1) laboratory.
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Zhao N, Lv J, Lu Y, Jiang Y, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhao X. Prolonging and enhancing the protective efficacy of the EtMIC3-C-MAR against eimeria tenella through delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium. Vet Parasitol 2020; 279:109061. [PMID: 32143014 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The microneme adhesive repeats (MAR) of Eimeria tenella microneme protein 3 (EtMIC3) are associated with binding to and invasion of host cells. Adhesion and invasion-related proteins or domains are often strongly immunogenic, immune responses mounted against these factors that play a key role in blocking invasion. In the present study, an oral live vaccine consisting of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium X4550 carrying two MAR domains fragment (St-X4550-MAR) was constructed and its protective efficacies were evaluated. The results showed that St-X4550-MAR was more immunogenic and conferred a higher degree of protection than recombinant MAR polypeptide as reflected by increased body weight, decreased oocyst shedding and lesion scores, increased serum IgG and cecal sIgA antibody production, and increasing levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-10. Thus, MAR domains are highly immunogenic and St-X4550-MAR had moderate activity against E. tenella infection by stimulating humoral, mucosal and cellular immunity. Chickens immunized with our constructed live vaccine provided considerable protections as early as at 10 d post-immunization (ACI: 155.17), and maintained higher protection levels at 20 d post-immunization (ACI: 173.66), and at 30 d post-immunization (ACI: 162.4). While the protective efficacy of chickens immunized with the recombinant MAR peptides showed a decreased trend as the post immunization time prolonging. Thus, using live-attenuated S. typhimurium X4550 as a vaccine expression and delivery system can significantly improve the protective efficacy and duration of protective immunity of MAR of EtMIC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junfeng Lv
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yaru Lu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Shandong Huamutianyuan Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., 1 Gangxing 3 Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250101, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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Pennington SH, Ferreira DM, Caamaño-Gutiérrez E, Reiné J, Hewitt C, Hyder-Wright AD, Gordon SB, Gordon MA. Nonspecific effects of oral vaccination with live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau6849. [PMID: 30820452 PMCID: PMC6392763 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and immunological evidence suggests that some vaccines can reduce all-cause mortality through nonspecific changes made to innate immune cells. Here, we present the first data to describe the nonspecific immunological impact of oral vaccination with live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a. We vaccinated healthy adults with Ty21a and assessed aspects of innate and adaptive immunity over the course of 6 months. Changes to monocyte phenotype/function were observed for at least 3 months. Changes to innate and adaptive immune cell cytokine production in response to stimulation with vaccine and unrelated nonvaccine antigens were observed over the 6-month study period. The changes that we have observed could influence susceptibility to infection through altered immune responses mounted to subsequently encountered pathogens. These changes could influence all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Pennington
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Corresponding author. (S.H.P.); (M.A.G.)
| | - D. M. Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - E. Caamaño-Gutiérrez
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Computational Biology Facility, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. Reiné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - C. Hewitt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - A. D. Hyder-Wright
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - S. B. Gordon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, P.O. Box 30096, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - M. A. Gordon
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, P.O. Box 30096, Blantyre 3, Malawi
- Corresponding author. (S.H.P.); (M.A.G.)
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Antigen Localization Influences the Magnitude and Kinetics of Endogenous Adaptive Immune Response to Recombinant Salmonella Vaccines. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00593-17. [PMID: 28893919 PMCID: PMC5695123 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00593-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) strains is a promising strategy for presenting heterologous antigens to the mammalian immune system to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses. However, studies on RASV development differ on where heterologous antigens are expressed and localized within the bacterium, and it is unclear how antigen localization modulates the immune response. Previously, we exploited the plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet) autotransporter system for accumulation of heterologous antigens in cell culture supernatant. In the present study, this Pet system was used to express early secretory antigen 6 (ESAT-6), an immunodominant and diagnostic antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL3261. Three strains were generated, whereby ESAT-6 was expressed as a cytoplasmic (SL3261/cyto), surface-bound (SL3261/surf), or secreted (SL3261/sec) antigen. Using these RASVs, the relationship between antigen localization and immunogenicity in infected C57BL/6 mice was systematically examined. Using purified antigen and specific tetramers, we showed that mice infected with the SL3261/surf or SL3261/sec strain generated large numbers of Th1 CD4+ ESAT-6+ splenic T cells compared to those of mice infected with SL3261/cyto. While all mice showed ESAT-6-specific antibody responses when infected with SL3261/surf or SL3261/sec, peak total serum IgG antibody titers were reached more rapidly in mice that received SL3261/sec. Thus, how antigen is localized after production within bacteria has a more marked effect on the antibody response than on the CD4+ T cell response, which might influence the chosen strategy to localize recombinant antigen in RASVs.
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Vector-based genetically modified vaccines: Exploiting Jenner's legacy. Vaccine 2016; 34:6436-6448. [PMID: 28029542 PMCID: PMC7115478 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The global vaccine market is diverse while facing a plethora of novel developments. Genetic modification (GM) techniques facilitate the design of ’smarter’ vaccines. For many of the major infectious diseases of humans, like AIDS and malaria, but also for most human neoplastic disorders, still no vaccines are available. It may be speculated that novel GM technologies will significantly contribute to their development. While a promising number of studies is conducted on GM vaccines and GM vaccine technologies, the contribution of GM technology to newly introduced vaccines on the market is disappointingly limited. In this study, the field of vector-based GM vaccines is explored. Data on currently available, actually applied, and newly developed vectors is retrieved from various sources, synthesised and analysed, in order to provide an overview on the use of vector-based technology in the field of GM vaccine development. While still there are only two vector-based vaccines on the human vaccine market, there is ample activity in the fields of patenting, preclinical research, and different stages of clinical research. Results of this study revealed that vector-based vaccines comprise a significant part of all GM vaccines in the pipeline. This study further highlights that poxviruses and adenoviruses are among the most prominent vectors in GM vaccine development. After the approval of the first vectored human vaccine, based on a flavivirus vector, vaccine vector technology, especially based on poxviruses and adenoviruses, holds great promise for future vaccine development. It may lead to cheaper methods for the production of safe vaccines against diseases for which no or less perfect vaccines exist today, thus catering for an unmet medical need. After the introduction of Jenner’s vaccinia virus as the first vaccine more than two centuries ago, which eventually led to the recent eradication of smallpox, this and other viruses may now be the basis for constructing vectors that may help us control other major scourges of mankind.
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Sargo CR, Campani G, Silva GG, Giordano RC, Da Silva AJ, Zangirolami TC, Correia DM, Ferreira EC, Rocha I. Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli dissimilarity: Closely related bacteria with distinct metabolic profiles. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1217-25. [PMID: 26097206 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Live attenuated strains of Salmonella typhimurium have been extensively investigated as vaccines for a number of infectious diseases. However, there is still little information available concerning aspects of their metabolism. S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli show a high degree of similarity in terms of their genome contents and metabolic networks. However, this work presents experimental evidence showing that significant differences exist in their abilities to direct carbon fluxes to biomass and energy production. It is important to study the metabolism of Salmonella to elucidate the formation of acetate and other metabolites involved in optimizing the production of biomass, essential for the development of recombinant vaccines. The metabolism of Salmonella under aerobic conditions was assessed using continuous cultures performed at dilution rates ranging from 0.1 to 0.67 h(-1), with glucose as main substrate. Acetate assimilation and glucose metabolism under anaerobic conditions were also investigated using batch cultures. Chemostat cultivations showed deviation of carbon towards acetate formation, starting at dilution rates above 0.1 h(-1). This differed from previous findings for E. coli, where acetate accumulation was only detected at dilution rates exceeding 0.4 h(-1), and was due to the lower rate of acetate assimilation by S. typhimurium under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, both microorganisms mainly produced ethanol, acetate, and formate. A genome-scale metabolic model, reconstructed for Salmonella based on an E. coli model, provided a poor description of the mixed fermentation pattern observed during Salmonella cultures, reinforcing the different patterns of carbon utilization exhibited by these closely related bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia R Sargo
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905,, Brazil
| | - Gilson Campani
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905,, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G Silva
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905,, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Giordano
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905,, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Da Silva
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905,, Brazil
| | - Teresa C Zangirolami
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905,, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Correia
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905,, Brazil.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus De Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057,, Portugal
| | - Eugénio C Ferreira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus De Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057,, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rocha
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus De Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057,, Portugal
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Chin'ombe N, Ruhanya V. HIV/AIDS vaccines for Africa: scientific opportunities, challenges and strategies. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 20:386. [PMID: 26185576 PMCID: PMC4499268 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.386.4660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
More than decades have already elapsed since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was identified as the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The HIV has since spread to all parts of the world with devastating effects. In sub-saharan Africa, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reached unprecedented proportions. Safe, effective and affordable HIV/AIDS vaccines for Africans are therefore urgently needed to contain this public health problem. Although, there are challenges, there are also scientific opportunities and strategies that can be exploited in the development of HIV/AIDS vaccines for Africa. The recent RV144 Phase III trial in Thailand has demonstrated that it is possible to develop a vaccine that can potentially elicit modest protective immunity against HIV infection. The main objective of this review is to outline the key scientific opportunities, challenges and strategies in HIV/AIDS vaccine development in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyasha Chin'ombe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Vurayai Ruhanya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P O Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Rahman MM, Uyangaa E, Han YW, Hur J, Park SY, Lee JH, Kim K, Eo SK. Modulation of systemic and mucosal immunity against an inactivated vaccine of Newcastle disease virus by oral co-administration of live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interleukin-18 and interferon-α. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:395-403. [PMID: 25502364 PMCID: PMC4427739 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease of chickens causing significant
economic losses worldwide. Due to limitations in the efficacy against currently
circulating ND viruses, existing vaccination strategies require improvements, and
incorporating immunomodulatory cytokines with existing vaccines might be a novel approach.
Here, we investigated the systemic and mucosal immunomodulatory properties of oral
co-administration of chicken interleukin-18 (chIL-18) and chicken interferon-α (chIFN-α)
using attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium on an
inactivated ND vaccine. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of S.
enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 or chIFN-α provided enhanced
systemic and mucosal immune responses, as determined by serum hemagglutination inhibition
antibody and NDV Ag-specific IgG as well as NDV Ag-specific IgA in lung and duodenal
lavages of chickens immunized with inactivated ND vaccine via the intramuscular or
intranasal route. Notably, combined oral administration of S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 and chIFN-α significantly enhanced systemic and
mucosal immunity in ND-vaccinated chickens, compared to single administration of
S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chIL-18 or chIFN-α. In
addition, oral co-administration of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium
expressing chIL-18 and chIFN-α provided enhanced NDV Ag-specific proliferation of
peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity, compared to
single administration of either construct. Therefore, our results provide valuable insight
into the modulation of systemic and mucosal immunity by incorporation of immunomodulatory
chIL-18 and chIFN-α using Salmonella vaccines into existing ND
vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masudur Rahman
- College of Veterinary and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
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Cong H, Yuan Q, Zhao Q, Zhao L, Yin H, Zhou H, He S, Wang Z. Comparative efficacy of a multi-epitope DNA vaccine via intranasal, peroral, and intramuscular delivery against lethal Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:145. [PMID: 24685150 PMCID: PMC4229990 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis, being a cause of congenital disease and abortion in animals and humans. DNA vaccination as a promising vaccine remains a challenge for an improved delivery system. Methods In this study, attenuated Salmonella typhimurium BRD509 was used to deliver a DNA vaccine encoding several epitopes, derived from the tachyzoite proteins SAG1, GRA1, ROP2, GRA4 and bradyzoite proteins SAG2C, SAG2X of Toxoplasma gondii and A2/B subunit of cholera toxin. The recombinant plasmids were electroporated into attenuated Salmonella typhimurium. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated for BALB/c mice administered with this attenuated recombinant Salmonella vaccine via the oral and nasal route or by intramuscular injection with DNA plasmid directly. Results High IgG levels were present in the mice immunized intramuscularly, while IgA levels were higher in the oral and nasal immunization groups. Furthermore, cellular immunity was activated in oral immunization groups with 60% survival rate following challenge with high virulent RH strain. Conclusions The results from this study indicate that a DNA vaccine encoding multi-epitopes of T. gondii delivered by attenuated Salmonella is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cong
- Department of human parasitology, Medical school, Shandong University, No,44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P, R, China.
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Chin'ombe N, Ruhanya V. Recombinant Salmonella Bacteria Vectoring HIV/AIDS Vaccines. Open Virol J 2013; 7:121-6. [PMID: 24478808 PMCID: PMC3905348 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901307010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is an important public health problem globally. An affordable, easy-to-deliver and protective HIV
vaccine is therefore required to curb the pandemic from spreading further. Recombinant Salmonella bacteria can be
harnessed to vector HIV antigens or DNA vaccines to the immune system for induction of specific protective immunity.
These are capable of activating the innate, humoral and cellular immune responses at both mucosal and systemic
compartments. Several studies have already demonstrated the utility of live recombinant Salmonella in delivering
expressed foreign antigens as well as DNA vaccines to the host immune system. This review gives an overview of the
studies in which recombinant Salmonella bacteria were used to vector HIV/AIDS antigens and DNA vaccines. Most of
the recombinant Salmonella-based HIV/AIDS vaccines developed so far have only been tested in animals (mainly mice)
and are yet to reach human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyasha Chin'ombe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe ; Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vurayai Ruhanya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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