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Zhang J, Zheng K, Wu Y, Zhang S, Guo A, Sui C. The experimental study of mir-99a-5p negative regulation of TLR8 receptor mediated-mediated innate immune response in rabbit knee cartilage injury. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1211. [PMID: 38602270 PMCID: PMC11007787 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic cartilage injury is an important cause of osteoarthritis (OA) and limb disability, and toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediated innate immune response has been confirmed to play a crucial role in cartilage injury. In the previous study, we found that the activation of TLR8 molecules in injured articular cartilage was more obvious than other TLRs by establishing an animal model of knee impact injury in rabbits, and the changes of TLR8 molecules could significantly affect the process of articular cartilage injury and repair. OBJECTIVE To verify how mir-99a-5p regulates TLR8 receptor mediated innate immune response to treat traumatic cartilage injury. METHODS The impact of a heavy object on the medial condyle of the rabbit's knee joint caused damage to the medial condylar cartilage. Through pathological and imaging analysis, it was demonstrated whether the establishment of an animal model of traumatic cartilage injury was successful. Establishing a cell model by virus transfection of chondrocytes to demonstrate the role of TLR8 in the innate immune response to impact cartilage injury. Through transcriptome sequencing, potential targets of TLR8, mir-99a-5p, were predicted, and basic experiments were conducted to demonstrate how they interact with innate immune responses to impact cartilage damage. RESULTS TLR8 is a receptor protein of the immune system, which is widely expressed in immune cells. In our study, we found that TLR8 expression is localized in lysosomes and endosomes. Mir-99a-5p can negatively regulate TLR8 to activate PI3K-AKT molecular pathway and aggravate cartilage damage. Inhibiting TLR8 expression can effectively reduce the incidence of articular cartilage damage. CONCLUSION Based on the results from this study, mir-99a-5p may be an effective molecular marker for predicting traumatic cartilage injury and targeting TLR8 is a novel and promising approach for the prevention or early treatment of cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebin Zhang
- Provincial Second Clinical College of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsAnhui No. 2 Provincial People's HosipitalHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Ke Zheng
- Provincial Second Clinical College of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
- Department of OrthopaedicsAnhui No. 2 Provincial People's HosipitalHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Yichao Wu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Afffliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Shengting Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Afffliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Ao Guo
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Afffliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Cong Sui
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Afffliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhuiChina
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Ni C, Zhang W, Qiu S, Cheng H, Ma C. Long Non-coding RNA DLEU1 Promotes Progression of Osteoarthritis via miR-492/ TLR8 Axis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:CPB-EPUB-138331. [PMID: 38321900 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010275579240116061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are generally reported to participate in the development of Osteoarthritis (OA) by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, the molecular mechanism is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms contributing to osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Four gene expression profiles from patients with OA were downloaded from a public database and integrated to screen important RNAs associated with OA. Differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs were filtered, and a ceRNA network was constructed. An in vitro OA model was established by treating chondrocytes with IL-1β. The expression levels of MMP-13, COL2A1, aggrecan, and RUNX2 were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used for apoptosis assay. A dual luciferase reporter gene was used to confirm the relationship between DLEU1, miR-492, and TLR8. RESULTS An OA-related ceRNA network, including 11 pathways, 3 miRNAs, 7 lncRNAs, and 16 mRNAs, was constructed. DLEU1 and TLR8 were upregulated, and miR-492 was downregulated in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Overexpression of DLEU1 suppressed viability and promoted apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in IL-1β induced chondrocytes. Luciferase reporter assay validated the regulatory relations among DLEU1, miR-492, and TLR8. Further study revealed that the effects of DLEU1 on chondrocytes could be reversed by miR-492. CONCLUSION DLEU1 may be responsible for the viability, apoptosis, and ECM degradation in OA via miR-492/TLR8 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhe Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qidong People's Hospital, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226200, China
| | - Wanglin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sai Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qidong People's Hospital, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226200, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qidong People's Hospital, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226200, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Chen X, Xu R, Zhu Y, He D, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Qing X, Cao K. Hypoxia is correlated with the tumor immune microenvironment: Potential application of immunotherapy in bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:22333-22353. [PMID: 38063246 PMCID: PMC10757107 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxia, which can considerably affect the tumor microenvironment, hinders the use of immunotherapy in bladder cancer (BLCA). Therefore, we aimed to identify reliable hypoxia-related biomarkers to guide clinical immunotherapy in BLCA. METHODS Using data downloaded from TCGA-BLCA cohort, we determined BLCA subtypes which divide 408 samples into different subtypes. Tumor immune infiltration levels of two clusters were quantified using ssGSEA, MCPcounter, EPIC, ESTIMATE, and TIMER algorithms. Next, we constructed a hypoxia score based on the expression of hypoxia-related genes. The IMvigor210 cohort and SubMap analysis were used to predict immunotherapeutic responses in patients with different hypoxia scores. Hub genes were screened using cytoscape, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and multispectral immunofluorescence were used to detect the spatial distribution of immune markers. RESULTS Patients with BLCA were categorized into cluster1 (n = 227) and Cluster2 (n = 181). Immune infiltration and expression of immune markers were higher in Cluster1. Immune infiltration was also more obvious in the high-hypoxia score group which related to a better predicted response to immunotherapy. IHC, and multispectral immunofluorescence confirmed the importance of TLR8 in immune infiltration and immune phenotype. CONCLUSIONS BLCA subtype can evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of different patients. Hypoxia score in this study could effectively predict immunotherapeutic responses in patients with BLCA. TLR8 may be a potential target for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runshi Xu
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Respiration, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - YaXin Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanwang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Qing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yang C, Yuan R, Brauner C, Du Y, Ah Kioon MD, Barrat FJ, Ivashkiv LB. Dichotomous roles of RIPK3 in regulating the IFN response and NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:615-629. [PMID: 37648661 PMCID: PMC10723620 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the profile and magnitude of toll-like receptor (TLR) responses is important for effective host defense against infections while minimizing inflammatory toxicity. The chemokine CXCL4 regulates the TLR8 response to amplify inflammatory gene and inflammasome activation while attenuating the interferon (IFN) response in primary monocytes. In this study, we describe an unexpected role for the kinase RIPK3 in suppressing the CXCL4 + TLR8-induced IFN response and providing signal 2 to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin (IL)-1 production in primary human monocytes. RIPK3 also amplifies induction of inflammatory genes such as TNF, IL6, and IL1B while suppressing IL12B. Mechanistically, RIPK3 inhibits STAT1 activation and activates PI3K-Akt-dependent and XBP1- and NRF2-mediated stress responses to regulate downstream genes in a dichotomous manner. These findings identify new functions for RIPK3 in modulating TLR responses and provide potential mechanisms by which RIPK3 plays roles in inflammatory diseases and suggest targeting RIPK3 and XBP1- and NRF2-mediated stress responses as therapeutic strategies to suppress inflammation while preserving the IFN response for host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Ruoxi Yuan
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Caroline Brauner
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Yong Du
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 65, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Lionel B. Ivashkiv
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 65, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 530 East 70th Street, M-522, New York, NY 10021, United States
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Sun L, Zhou H, Wu C, Peng Y. Molecular markers that predict response to combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: a bioinformatics analysis. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2646-2659. [PMID: 37969379 PMCID: PMC10643968 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has had a high success rate in treating lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) for several decades. However, many patients do not benefit from immunotherapy alone. Recent studies revealed that a combination of immunotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) stimulates a good systemic immune response to LUAD. However, clinical and experimental evidence suggest that RT may give rise to primary immunodeficiency, facilitating tumor immunity escape. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms whereby RT and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) influence tumor immunogenicity and the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with LUAD. Methods We investigated molecular markers that predict response to combination of immunotherapy and SBRT in the treatment of LUAD using bioinformatics. Results SBRT significantly upregulated the expression of PTPRC, LILRB2, TLR8, CCR5, and PLEK and significantly downregulated the expression of CXCL13, CD19, and LTA. Among these genes, the expression of PTPRC, TLR8, and CCR5 was associated with responsiveness to immunotherapy after SBRT. However, only TLR8 and CCR5 expression were associated with an improved prognosis. Further analysis revealed that TLR8 and CCR5 expression increased responsiveness to immunotherapy by promoting M0 macrophage and memory B cell infiltration of LUAD tissues. Conclusions In patients with LUAD, TLR8 and CCR5 expression are potential markers of a favorable response to combined immunotherapy and RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liao TL, Liu HJ, Chen DY, Tang KT, Chen YM, Liu PY. SARS-CoV-2 primed platelets-derived microRNAs enhance NETs formation by extracellular vesicle transmission and TLR7/8 activation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:304. [PMID: 37904132 PMCID: PMC10614402 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vehicles which carry cellular components for intercellular communication. The association between COVID-19 patients-derived EVs and NETs formation remains elusive. METHODS We explored the roles of EVs in NETs formation from 40 COVID-19 patients with different disease severities as well as 30 healthy subjects. The EVs-carried microRNAs profile was analyzed using next generation sequencing approach which was validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The regulatory mechanism of EVs on NETs formation was investigated by using an in vitro cell-based assay, including immunofluorescence assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. RESULTS COVID-19 patient-derived EVs induced NETs formation by endocytosis uptake. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-triggered NETs formation was significantly enhanced in the presence of platelet-derived EVs (pEVs) and this effect was Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8- and NADPH oxidase-dependent. Increased levels of miR-21/let-7b were revealed in EVs from COVID-19 patients and were associated with disease severity. We demonstrated that the spike protein activated platelets directly, followed by the subsequent intracellular miR-21/let-7b upregulation and then were loaded into pEVs. The pEVs-carried miR-21 interacted with TLR7/8 to prime p47phox phosphorylation in neutrophils, resulting in NADPH oxidase activation to promote ROS production and NETs enhancement. In addition, miR-21 modulates NF-κB activation and IL-1β/TNFα/IL-8 upregulation in neutrophils upon TLR7/8 engagement. The miR-21 inhibitor and TLR8 antagonist could suppress efficiently spike protein-induced NETs formation and pEVs primed NETs enhancement. CONCLUSIONS We identified SARS-CoV-2 triggered platelets-derived GU-enriched miRNAs (e.g., miR-21/let-7b) as a TLR7/8 ligand that could activate neutrophils through EVs transmission. The miR-21-TLR8 axis could be used as a potential predisposing factor or therapeutic target for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan.
- Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Tang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Division of Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan.
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Ben-Aicha S, Ibañez B. LDL's unexpected travel partners in the road to atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:e146-e148. [PMID: 37757454 PMCID: PMC10597615 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Ben-Aicha
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 72 Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN, London, UK
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Ishizaka ST, Hawkins L, Chen Q, Tago F, Yagi T, Sakaniwa K, Zhang Z, Shimizu T, Shirato M. A novel Toll-like receptor 7/8-specific antagonist E6742 ameliorates clinically relevant disease parameters in murine models of lupus. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175962. [PMID: 37544422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The sensing of self RNA by the endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 8 initiates pathogenic mechanisms underlying the autoimmune disease lupus. A blockade of the TLR7/8 signals may, therefore, be a novel therapeutic intervention for lupus. To test the hypothesis, a novel compound E6742 that blocks TLR7/8 activation was identified. The mode of action of E6742 was investigated by analysis of the tertiary structure of TLR7 and 8 in complex with E6742. The in vitro activities of the compound were examined in cellular systems and its therapeutic potential was evaluated in murine lupus models. Tertiary structures of the extracellular domain of TLR7 and 8 in complex with E6742 showed that E6742 binds specifically and non-covalently to the hydrophobic pocket located at the interface of TLR7 or TLR8 homodimers. E6742 potently and selectively inhibited several TLR7/8-mediated cytokine responses in human PBMC. In two mouse models of lupus, oral dosing of E6742 after the onset of disease suppressed increase in autoantibodies and blocked the advance of organ damage. Collectively, the data show that TLR7/8 activation contributes to disease progression and its blocking by E6742 has potential as a therapeutic intervention for lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally T Ishizaka
- Eisai Inc., Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Hawkins
- Eisai Inc., Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, MA, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Eisai Inc., Eisai Center for Genetics Guided Dementia Discovery, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kentaro Sakaniwa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhikuan Zhang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shimizu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Shirato
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Kong X, Jiang S, He Q, Shi X, Pu W, Huang Y, Ma Y, Liu Q, Sun D, Huang D, Wu F, Li P, Tu W, Zhao Y, Wang L, Chen Y, Wu W, Tang Y, Zhao X, Zhu Q, Gao J, Xu W, Shui X, Qian F, Wang J. TLR8 aggravates skin inflammation and fibrosis by activating skin fibroblasts in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023:kead456. [PMID: 37665747 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Innate immunity significantly contributes to systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis. TLR8 is an important innate immune mediator that is implicated in autoimmunity and fibrosis. However, the expression, mechanism of action, and pathogenic role of TLR8 in SSc remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the roles and underlying mechanisms of TLR8 in SSc. METHODS The expression of TLR8 was analyzed based on a public dataset and then verified in skin tissues and skin fibroblasts of SSc patients. The role of TLR8 in inflammation and fibrosis was investigated using a TLR8-overexpression vector, activator (VTX-2337), inhibitor (cu-cpt-8m), and TLR8 siRNA in skin fibroblasts. The pathogenic role of TLR8 in skin inflammation and fibrosis was further validated in a bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse skin inflammation and fibrosis model. RESULTS TLR8 levels were significantly elevated in SSc skin tissues and myofibroblasts, along with significant activation of the TLR8 pathway. In vitro studies showed that overexpression or activation of TLR8 by a recombinant plasmid or VTX-2337 upregulated IL-6, IL-1β, COL I, COL III, and α-SMA in skin fibroblasts. Consistently, both TLR8-siRNA and cu-cpt-8m reversed the phenotypes observed in TLR8-activating fibroblasts. Mechanistically, TLR8 induces skin fibrosis and inflammation in a manner dependent on the MAPK, NF-κB, and SMAD2/3 pathways. Subcutaneous injection of cu-cpt-8m significantly alleviated BLM-induced skin inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. CONCLUSION TLR8 might be a promising therapeutic target to improve the treatment strategy for SSc skin inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangguang Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Pu
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Institute for Six-sector Economy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dayan Sun
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Delin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhen Tu
- Division of Rheumatology, Shanghai Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinhuan Zhao
- Division of Rheumatology, Shanghai Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Shanghai Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Shanghai Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Xu
- Laboratory Department of Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochuan Shui
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Keppler M, Straß S, Geiger S, Fischer T, Späth N, Weinstein T, Schwamborn A, Guezguez J, Guse JH, Laufer S, Burnet M. Imidazoquinolines with improved pharmacokinetic properties induce a high IFNα to TNFα ratio in vitro and in vivo. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1168252. [PMID: 37409123 PMCID: PMC10319141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1168252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR Agonists have promising activity in preclinical models of viral infection and cancer. However, clinical use is only in topical application. Systemic uses of TLR-ligands such as Resiquimod, have failed due to adverse effects that limited dose and thus, efficacy. This issue could be related to pharmacokinetic properties that include fast elimination leading to low AUC with simultaneously high cmax at relevant doses. The high cmax is associated with a sharp, poorly tolerated cytokine pulse, suggesting that a compound with a higher AUC/cmax-ratio could provide a more sustained and tolerable immune activation. Our approach was to design TLR7/8-agonist Imidazoquinolines intended to partition to endosomes via acid trapping using a macrolide-carrier. This can potentially extend pharmacokinetics and simultaneously direct the compounds to the target compartment. The compounds have hTLR7/8-agonist activity (EC50 of the most active compound in cellular assays: 75-120 nM hTLR7, 2.8-3.1 µM hTLR8) and maximal hTLR7 activation between 40 and 80% of Resiquimod. The lead candidates induce secretion of IFNα from human Leukocytes in the same range as Resiquimod but induce at least 10-fold less TNFα in this system, consistent with a higher specificity for human TLR7. This pattern was reproduced in vivo in a murine system, where small molecules are thought not to activate TLR8. We found that Imidazoquinolines conjugated to a macrolide or, substances carrying an unlinked terminal secondary amine, had longer exposure compared with Resiquimod. The kinetics of pro-inflammatory cytokine release for these substances in vivo were slower and more extended (for comparable AUCs, approximately half-maximal plasma concentrations). Maximal IFNα plasma levels were reached 4 h post application. Resiquimod-treated groups had by then returned to baseline from a peak at 1 h. We propose that the characteristic cytokine profile is likely a consequence of altered pharmacokinetics and, potentially, enhanced endosomal tropism of the novel substances. In particular, our substances are designed to partition to cellular compartments where the target receptor and a distinct combination of signaling molecules relevant to IFNα-release are located. These properties could address the tolerability issues of TLR7/8 ligands and provide insight into approaches to fine-tune the outcomes of TLR7/8 activation by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Straß
- Synovo GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Laufer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Campbell GR, Rawat P, Teodorof-Diedrich C, Spector SA. IRAK1 inhibition blocks the HIV-1 RNA mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine response from microglia. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37256770 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a common source of morbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH). Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has lessened the severity of neurocognitive disorders, cognitive impairment still occurs in PLWH receiving ART. The pathogenesis of HAND is likely multifaceted, but common factors include the persistence of HIV transcription within the central nervous system, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid, and the presence of activated microglia. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 are innate pathogen recognition receptors located in microglia and other immune and non-immune cells that can recognise HIV RNA and trigger pro-inflammatory responses. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1 is key to these signalling pathways. Here, we show that IRAK1 inhibition inhibits the TLR7 and TLR8-dependent pro-inflammatory response to HIV RNA. Using genetic and pharmacological inhibition, we demonstrate that inhibition of IRAK1 prevents IRAK1 phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and the subsequent recruitment of TRAF6 and the TAK1 complex to IRAK1, resulting in the inhibition of downstream signalling and the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Campbell
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Pratima Rawat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Present address: Microbiologics Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Teodorof-Diedrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
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12
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Yang W, Sun X, Liu S, Xu Y, Li Y, Huang X, Liu K, Mao L, Min S, Liu L, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Xie X, Xu K, Sun C, Yan J, Li Z. TLR8 agonist Motolimod-induced inflammatory death for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114759. [PMID: 37105077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical treatment of AML is dominated by "7 + 3" therapy, but it often shows great toxicity and limited therapeutic efficacy in application. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies to achieve safe and efficient treatment of AML. Small-molecule inhibitors have the characteristics of high specificity, low off-target toxicity and remarkable therapeutic effect, and are receiving more and more attention in tumor therapy. In this study, we screened a library of 1972 FDA-approved small molecular compounds for those that induced the inflammatory death of AML cells, among which the TLR8 agonist Motolimod (MTL) showed stronger anti-AML activity in the animal model but slight affection on normal lymphocytes in control mice. In terms of mechanism, cellular experiments in AML cell lines proved that TLR8 and LKB1/AMPK are the key distinct mechanisms for MTL triggered caspase-3-dependent cell death and the expression of a large number of inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our findings identified the immunoactivator MTL as a single agent exerting significant anti-AML activity in vitro and in vivo, with strong potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiongfei Sun
- Department of hematopathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, PR China; Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii International Medical Center (Shenzhen Fourth People's Hospital), Shenzhen 518118, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of hematopathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yunlei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, PR China
| | - Xiaoru Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kaiqing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Longyi Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shasha Min
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Linjiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xina Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Pure Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518126, PR China
| | - Jie Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine). Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging. School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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13
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Bagci G, Gundogdu O, Pektas AN, Bagci B, Avci O, Gursoy S, Kaygusuz K, Elaldi N. The investigation of host genetic variants of toll-like receptor 7 and 8 in COVID-19. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2023:1-17. [PMID: 36787168 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2176515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize infectious agents and play an important role in the innate immune system. Studies have suggested that TLR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with poor antiviral responses against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship of TLR7 and TLR8 (SNPs) with COVID-19 disease prognosis. A total of 120 COVID-19 patients, 40 outpatients, 40 clinical ward patients and 40 intensive care unit (ICU) patients were included in the study. TLR7 (rs179009), TLR8-129 C/G (rs3764879) and TLR8 Met1Val (rs3764880) SNPs were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. In female patients, individuals carrying AG genotype and G allele for TLR8 Met1Val SNP were found at a higher frequency in patients hospitalized in the ICU than in patients followed in the clinical ward (p < 0.05). In terms of the other two SNPs, no significant difference was found between the groups in females. Furthermore, in male patients, A allele of TLR7 rs179009 SNP was at a higher frequency in patients who have at least one comorbidity than in patients who have no comorbidity (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that TLR8 Met1Val SNP is important in the COVID-19 disease severity in females. Furthermore, TLR7 rs179009 SNP is important in male patients in the presence of comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bagci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Gundogdu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nur Pektas
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Binnur Bagci
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Onur Avci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sinan Gursoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kenan Kaygusuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nazif Elaldi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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14
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Eskuri M, Kemi N, Helminen O, Huhta H, Kauppila JH. Toll-like receptors 3, 7, 8, and 9 in gastric cancer. APMIS 2023; 131:92-99. [PMID: 36271773 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to have anti-tumor, pro-tumor, or even dual effects in cancer, and are thus potential prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between endosomal TLRs, namely TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, expression and clinicopathological variables and survival in gastric cancer. A total of 564 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Samples and clinicopathological data were retrieved and organized into tissue microarray blocks. Protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The patients were divided into low expression and high expression groups by median values of expression. Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for confounders. Patients with high nuclear TLR3 expression had significantly poorer 5-year survival than the low nuclear TLR3 expression group in the univariable analysis (crude HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.60). With radically resected patients, poor prognosis was also seen in the multivariable analysis (adjusted HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.08-1.77). Cytoplasmic TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were not associated with 5-year survival. In conclusion, high nuclear TLR3 expression seems to have prognostic impact in gastric cancer, while TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Eskuri
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Kemi
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Helminen
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huhta
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joonas H Kauppila
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Ao X, Gan Q, Huang X, Bao D, Wu X, Lin Q, Lin A, Ding Y, Wang L, Chen Y, Huang Z. TLR8 agonist partially improves IFN-γ deficiency of NK cells in chronic hepatitis B through the synergy of monocytes. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:387-398. [PMID: 36585909 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit a selective deficiency of IFN-γ production in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) agonists could induce IFN-γ production in immune cells, although their effects on the deficiency in NK cells remain unclear. AIMS To investigate TLR8 expression in NK cells and the effect of TLR8 agonists in patients with CHB METHODS: We enrolled 32 patients with CHB and 19 healthy controls to assess TLR8 expression and IFN-γ production in NK cells. The sorted NK cells and monocytes were co-cultured to compare the extent of IFN-γ and IL-10 production after TLR8 agonist ssRNA40 stimulation. The synergic effect of NK cells and monocytes was assessed by blocking IL-12 and IL-18. We recruited another 22 patients with CHB undergoing nucleotide analogue (NA) therapy to explore the impact of antiviral treatment on the ssRNA40-mediated response of NK cells. RESULTS In patients with CHB, TLR8 expression in NK cells was up-regulated, accompanied by insufficient IFN-γ production. The enhanced IFN-γ secretion by ssRNA40 in NK cells depended on monocyte-derived IL-12 and IL-18. NK cells displayed an imbalanced response to ssRNA40 in patients with CHB with a weak increase in IFN-γ despite a higher IL-10 production. The response was improved in patients with CHB undergoing NA therapy. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CHB, targeting TLR8 partially rescues the IFN-γ insufficiency in NK cells. However, NK cells show an inhibitory response to TLR8 agonist stimulation. TLR8 agonist combined with NA may enhance the antiviral effect of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Ao
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiaorong Gan
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongpeng Bao
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuwei Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qiuxiang Lin
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Aifang Lin
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yating Ding
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zuxiong Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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16
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Sapkota S, Gantier MP. Selecting Therapeutic Antisense Oligonucleotides with Gene Targeting and TLR8 Potentiating Bifunctionality. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2691:225-234. [PMID: 37355549 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3331-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of preclinical evidence has led to the hypothesis that human Toll-like receptor 8 (hTLR8) activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) could have potent anticancer effects through its action on monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), and natural killer (NK) cells. This has motivated the initiation of several clinical trials for chemical hTLR8 agonists in a variety of cancers. Concurrently, a growing number of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are being developed as cancer therapeutics. We have recently reported that 2'-O-methyl (2'OMe)-modified ASOs can potentiate sensing of hTLR8 chemical agonists in a sequence-dependent manner. This suggests that select gene-targeting ASOs with anticancer activity may synergize with low-dose hTLR8 agonists in the TME. Here, we provide a detailed protocol to rapidly screen and identify such synthetic bifunctional oligonucleotides with synergistic activity on hTLR8 sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Sapkota
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael P Gantier
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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17
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Gardiman E, Bianchetto-Aguilera F, Gasperini S, Tiberio L, Scandola M, Lotti V, Gibellini D, Salvi V, Bosisio D, Cassatella MA, Tamassia N. SARS-CoV-2-Associated ssRNAs Activate Human Neutrophils in a TLR8-Dependent Fashion. Cells 2022; 11:3785. [PMID: 36497044 PMCID: PMC9738506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 disease is characterized by a dysregulation of the innate arm of the immune system. However, the mechanisms whereby innate immune cells, including neutrophils, become activated in patients are not completely understood. Recently, we showed that GU-rich RNA sequences from the SARS-CoV-2 genome (i.e., SCV2-RNA1 and SCV2-RNA2) activate dendritic cells. To clarify whether human neutrophils may also represent targets of SCV2-RNAs, neutrophils were treated with either SCV2-RNAs or, as a control, R848 (a TLR7/8 ligand), and were then analyzed for several functional assays and also subjected to RNA-seq experiments. Results highlight a remarkable response of neutrophils to SCV2-RNAs in terms of TNFα, IL-1ra, CXCL8 production, apoptosis delay, modulation of CD11b and CD62L expression, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. By RNA-seq experiments, we observed that SCV2-RNA2 promotes a transcriptional reprogramming of neutrophils, characterized by the induction of thousands of proinflammatory genes, similar to that promoted by R848. Furthermore, by using CU-CPT9a, a TLR8-specific inhibitor, we found that SCV2-RNA2 stimulates neutrophils exclusively via TLR8-dependent pathways. In sum, our study proves that single-strand RNAs from the SARS-CoV-2 genome potently activate human neutrophils via TLR8, thus uncovering a potential mechanism whereby neutrophils may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gardiman
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sara Gasperini
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Matteo Scandola
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Virginia Lotti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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18
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Fu YY, Cen JK, Song HL, Song SY, Zhang ZJ, Lu HJ. Ginsenoside Rh2 Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain by inhibition of the miRNA21- TLR8-MAPK axis. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221126078. [PMID: 36039405 PMCID: PMC9478689 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221126078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2 is one of the major bioactive ginsenosides in Panax
ginseng. Although Rh2 is known to enhance immune cells activity for
treatment of cancer, its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects have yet
to be determined. In this study, we investigated the effects of Rh2 on spared
nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain and elucidated the potential
mechanisms. We found that various doses of Rh2 intrathecal injection
dose-dependently attenuated SNI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal
hyperalgesia. Rh2 also inhibited microglia and astrocyte activation in the
spinal cord of a murine SNI model. Rh2 treatment inhibited SNI-induced increase
of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin
(IL)-1 and IL-6. Expression of miRNA-21, an endogenous ligand of Toll like
receptor (TLR)8 was also decreased. Rh2 treatment blocked the mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway by inhibiting of phosphorylated
extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression. Finally, intrathecal injection
of TLR8 agonist VTX-2337 reversed the analgesic effect of Rh2. These results
indicated that Rh2 relieved SNI-induced neuropathic pain via inhibiting the
miRNA-21-TLR8-MAPK signaling pathway, thus providing a potential application of
Rh2 in pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Fu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and
Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School
of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Ke Cen
- Institute of Pain Medicine and
Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao-Lin Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, School
of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Si-Yuan Song
- Institute of Pain Medicine and
Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School
of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- Zhi-jun Zhang, Department of Human Anatomy,
School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226019, China,
| | - Huan-Jun Lu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and
Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
- Huan-Jun Lu, Institute of Pain Medicine and
Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226019, China,
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19
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Campbell GR, Rawat P, Spector SA. Pacritinib Inhibition of IRAK1 Blocks Aberrant TLR8 Signalling by SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1-Derived RNA. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:96-106. [PMID: 35785771 PMCID: PMC10643889 DOI: 10.1159/000525292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages promote an early host response to infection by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL) 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-6. One of the mechanisms through which cells sense pathogenic microorganisms is through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1, IRAK2, IRAK3, and IRAK4 are integral to TLR and IL-1 receptor signalling pathways. Recent studies suggest a role for aberrant TLR8 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during both COVID-19 and HIV-1 infection. Here, we show that pacritinib inhibits the TLR8-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine response elicited by GU-rich single-stranded RNA derived from SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1. Using genetic and pharmacologic inhibition, we demonstrate that pacritinib inhibits IRAK1 phosphorylation and ubiquitination which then inhibits the recruitment of the TAK1 complex to IRAK1, thus inhibiting the activation of downstream signalling and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R. Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pratima Rawat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen A. Spector
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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20
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Neves F, Marques JP, Areal H, Pinto-Pinho P, Colaço B, Melo-Ferreira J, Fardilha M, Abrantes J, Esteves PJ. TLR7 and TLR8 evolution in lagomorphs: different patterns in the different lineages. Immunogenetics 2022. [PMID: 35419618 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the most ancient and widely studied innate immune receptors responsible for host defense against invading pathogens. Among the known TLRs, TLR7 and TLR8 sense and recognize single-stranded (ss) RNAs with a dynamic evolutionary history. While TLR8 was lost in birds and duplicated in turtles and crocodiles, TLR7 is duplicated in some birds, but in other tetrapods, there is only one copy. In mammals, with the exception of lagomorphs, TLR7 and TLR8 are highly conserved. Here, we aim to study the evolution of TLR7 and TLR8 in mammals, with a special focus in the order Lagomorpha. By searching public sequence databases, conducting evolutionary analysis, and evaluating gene expression, we were able to confirm that TLR8 is absent in hares but widely expressed in the European rabbit. In contrast, TLR7 is absent in the European rabbit and quite divergent in hares. Our results suggest that, in lagomorphs, more in particular in leporids, TLR7 and TLR8 genes have evolved faster than in any other mammalian group. The long history of interaction with viruses and their location in highly dynamic telomeric regions might explain the pattern observed.
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21
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Köllisch G, Solis FV, Obermann HL, Eckert J, Müller T, Vierbuchen T, Rickmeyer T, Muche S, Przyborski JM, Heine H, Kaufmann A, Baumeister S, Lingelbach K, Bauer S. TLR8 is activated by 5'-methylthioinosine, a Plasmodium falciparum-derived intermediate of the purine salvage pathway. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110691. [PMID: 35417716 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune recognition of the malaria-causing pathogen Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) is not fully explored. Here, we identify the nucleoside 5'-methylthioinosine (MTI), a Plasmodium-specific intermediate of the purine salvage pathway, as a pathogen-derived Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) agonist. Co-incubation of MTI with the TLR8 enhancer poly(dT) as well as synthetic or P. falciparum-derived RNA strongly increase its stimulatory activity. Of note, MTI generated from methylthioadenosine (MTA) by P. falciparum lysates activates TLR8 when MTI metabolism is inhibited by immucillin targeting the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PfPNP). Importantly, P. falciparum-infected red blood cells incubated with MTI or cultivated with MTA and immucillin lead to TLR8-dependent interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in human monocytes. Our data demonstrate that the nucleoside MTI is a natural human TLR8 ligand with possible in vivo relevance for innate sensing of P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Köllisch
- Department of Parasitology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Hannah-Lena Obermann
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jeannine Eckert
- Department of Parasitology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology und Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Vierbuchen
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Rickmeyer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Muche
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jude M Przyborski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Holger Heine
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaufmann
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Baumeister
- Department of Parasitology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Lingelbach
- Department of Parasitology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauer
- Institute for Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, BMFZ, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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22
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Stunnenberg M, van Hamme JL, Zijlstra-Willems EM, Gringhuis SI, Geijtenbeek TBH. Crosstalk between R848 and abortive HIV-1 RNA-induced signaling enhances antiviral immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:289-298. [PMID: 34982481 PMCID: PMC9542596 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0721-365r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens trigger multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that together dictate innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the crosstalk between PRRs is important to enhance vaccine efficacy. Abortive HIV-1 RNA transcripts are produced during acute and chronic HIV-1 infection and are known ligands for different PRRs, leading to antiviral and proinflammatory responses. Here, we have investigated the crosstalk between responses induced by these 58 nucleotide-long HIV-1 RNA transcripts and different TLR ligands. Costimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) with abortive HIV-1 RNA and TLR7/8 agonist R848, but not other TLR agonists, resulted in enhanced antiviral type I IFN responses as well as adaptive immune responses via the induction of DC-mediated T helper 1 (TH 1) responses and IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells. Our data underscore the importance of crosstalk between abortive HIV-1 RNA and R848-induced signaling for the induction of effective antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Stunnenberg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M Zijlstra-Willems
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja I Gringhuis
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Ao D, Liu X, Jiang S, Xu Y, Zheng W, Chen N, Meurens F, Zhu J. The Signal Peptide and Chaperone UNC93B1 Both Influence TLR8 Ectodomain Intracellular Endosomal Localization. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:14. [PMID: 35062674 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) is a single-stranded RNA sensing receptor and is localized in the cellular compartments, where it encounters foreign or self-nucleic acids and activates innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the mechanism controlling intracellular localization TLR8 is not completely resolved. We previously revealed the intracellular localization of TLR8 ectodomain (ECD), and in this study, we investigated the mechanism of the intracellular localization. Here we found that TLR8 ECDs from different species as well as ECDs from different TLRs are all intracellularly localized, similarly to the full-length porcine TLR8. Furthermore, porcine, bovine, and human TLR8 ECDs are all localized in cell endosomes, reflecting the cellular localization of TLR8. Intriguingly, none of post-translational modifications at single sites, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and palmitoylation alter porcine TLR8-ECD endosomal localization. Nevertheless, the signal peptide of porcine TLR8-ECD determines its endosomal localization. On the other hand, signaling regulator UNC93B1 also decides the endosomal localization of porcine, bovine, and human TLR8 ECDs. The results from this study shed light on the mechanisms of not only TLR8 intracellular localization but also the TLR immune signaling.
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24
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Khalifa AE, Ghoneim AI. Potential value of pharmacological agents acting on toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and/or TLR8 in COVID-19. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov 2021; 2:100068. [PMID: 34870161 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 as an atypical type of viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Many potential pharmacotherapies are currently being investigated against this disease. This article points to and justifies, the importance of investigating the potential therapeutic value of pharmacological agents acting on Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 7 and/or TLR8 as double-edged swords combating COVID-19. Induction of TLR7 and/or TLR8 may be investigated as a strategy to stimulate immunity and may be added to anti-COVID19 vaccines to cope with their current viral escape challenge. TLR7 stimulation may not only help viral clearance through Th1 antiviral responses but may also provide beneficial broncho- and vaso-dilatory, as well as, anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacological compounds acting as TLR7 and/or TLR8 agonists may be of value if used by frontline healthcare workers with comorbidities who demonstrate mild symptoms of the disease. On the other hand, TLR7 and/or TLR8 antagonists may be used in combination with immune-modulatory/anti-inflammatory drugs in severe cases of the disease, with potential synergistic effects that could also help in reducing the doses of such therapies, and consequently their adverse effects. There is potential value in development of TLR7/8 agonists/antagonists as double-edged swords combating COVID-19. TLR7/8 agonists, as immune-stimulants in mild disease, may also be added to preventive vaccines acting against viral escape. TLR7/8 antagonists may be combined with immune-suppressants in severe cases for potential synergism and minimized toxicity.
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25
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Dolšak A, Šribar D, Scheffler A, Grabowski M, Švajger U, Gobec S, Holze J, Weindl G, Wolber G, Sova M. Further hit optimization of 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine based TLR8 modulators: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113809. [PMID: 34488023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) is an endosomal TLR that has an important role in the innate human immune system, which is involved in numerous pathological conditions. Excessive activation of TLR8 can lead to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, which highlights the need for development of TLR8 modulators. However, only a few small-molecule modulators that selectively target TLR8 have been developed. Here, we report the synthesis and systematic investigation of the structure-activity relationships of a series of novel TLR8 negative modulators based on previously reported 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives. Four compounds showed low-micromolar concentration-dependent inhibition of TLR8-mediated signaling in HEK293 cells. These data confirm that the 6-trifluoromethyl group and two other substituents on positions 2 and 4 are important structural elements of pyrimidine-based TLR8 modulators. Substitution of the main scaffold at position 2 with a methylsulfonyl group or para hydroxy/hydroxymethyl substituted benzylamine is essential for potent negative modulation of TLR8. Our best-in-class TLR8-selective modulator 53 with IC50 value of 6.2 μM represents a promising small-molecule chemical probe for further optimization to a lead compound with potent immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dolšak
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dora Šribar
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffler
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Grabowski
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janine Holze
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matej Sova
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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26
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Yu Y, Li G, He X, Lin Y, Chen Z, Lin X, Xu H. MicroRNA-21 regulate the cell apoptosis and cell proliferation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) granulosa cells through target toll like receptor TLR8. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5789-5796. [PMID: 34516355 PMCID: PMC8806582 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1969193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive endocrine disease characterized by polycystic ovary. The aim of the study was to assess microRNA-21 regulates granulosa cell apoptosis and proliferation in polycystic ovary syndrome through target toll-like receptor 8. Granulosa cells were collected from 30 PCOS patients and 30 normal patients with tubal or male factor infertility (control) during in vitro fertilization-Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) and were flash frozen with liquid nitrogen for storage for subsequent use. PCOS diagnosis was based on the revised standards of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the Rotterdam criteria PCOS granulosa cells and control granulosa cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotic. After this RT-PCR, Western blot assessment and Detection of apoptosis by flow cytometry were conducted. The results of qPCR showed that the mRNA and protein expression of TLR8 in PCOS granulosa cells were significantly increased compared with the normal group. The results of Western blot also showed that the expression of TLR8, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12 gene protein in the transfected cells was significantly higher than that in the control cells. Here, we show that miR-21 and TLR8 significantly increased in PCOS granulosa cell as compared with normal granulosa cells, and miR-21 enhances the TLR8 mRNA translation and then promotes the IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 secretion. Our study demonstrates that miR-21/ TLR8 involved in the PCOS inflammation, it provides profound insights into pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianhua Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
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27
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Niu J, Qin B, Wang C, Chen C, Yang J, Shao H. Identification of Key Immune-Related Genes in the Progression of Septic Shock. Front Genet 2021; 12:668527. [PMID: 34804111 PMCID: PMC8595268 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.668527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Septic shock is the severe complication of sepsis, with a high mortality. The inflammatory response regulates the immune status and mediates the progression of septic shock. In this study, we aim to identify the key immune-related genes (IRGs) of septic shock and explore their potential mechanism. Methods: Gene expression profiles of septic shock blood samples and normal whole blood samples were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Genotype-Tissue Expression Portal (GTEx). The differential expression genes (DEGs) and septic shock-specific immune-related genes (SSSIRGs) were evaluated and identified, along with the immune components by "cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT, version x)" algorithm. Additionally, in order to explore the key regulatory network, the relationship among SSSIRGs, upstream transcription factors (TFs), and downstream signaling pathways were also identified by Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and co-expression analysis. Moreover, the Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis was applied to find bioactive small molecules against the members of regulation network while Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and Assay for Targeting Accessible-Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) data were used to validate the regulation mechanism of the network. Results: A total of 14,843 DEGs were found between 63 septic shock blood samples and 337 normal whole blood samples. Then, we identified septic shock-specific 839 IRGs as the intersection of DEGs and IRGs. Moreover, we uncovered the regulatory networks based on co-expression analysis and found 28 co-expression interaction pairs. In the regulation network, protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme (PPP3CA) may regulate late estrogen response, glycolysis and TNFα signaling via NFκB and HLA; Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) may be related to late estrogen response and HLA; and Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) may be associated with TNFα signaling via NFκB. And the regulation mechanisms between TFs and IRGs (TLR8, PPP3CA, and KRAS) were validated by ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq. Conclusion: Our data identify three SSSIRGs (TLR8, PPP3CA, and KRAS) as candidate therapeutic targets for septic shock and provide constructed regulatory networks in septic shock to explore its potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Niu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingyu Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cunzhen Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianxu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanzhang Shao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Mahallawi WH, Suliman BA. TLR8 is highly conserved among the Saudi population and its mutations have no effect on the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 10:71-76. [PMID: 34824896 PMCID: PMC8610803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by the newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The innate system is the first line of defense against pathogens and diverse infectious agents. It has been suggested to play a key role in the development of the cytokine storm and promoting other severe forms of chronic inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial for the innate immune response to pathogens. TLR8 is expressed on myeloid cells and phagocytes, where it acts as an endosomal sensor of RNA degradation. The present study aimed to investigate whether the severity of COVID-19 symptoms could be associated with certain genetic variations of TLR8. We collected blood samples from 45 participants who had moderate to severe respiratory symptoms and a positive COVID-19 PCR test result within 3-5 days of sample collection. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples, then exon 2 of the TLR8 gene was amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR products were utilized for sequencing. DNA sequencing showed an average of 99.63% sequence homology in TLR8 across all samples. Base-pair homology analysis revealed variations in TLR8 at two positions: X:12937804 (rs5744080) and X:12937513 (rs2159377). The results revealed that these two mutations had no detrimental effect on symptoms in the target population. Our results show that specific SNPs did not affect the final receptor function of TLR8. This finding also indicates that the innate immune response, once activated, does not depend on the innate immune receptor's level of affinity for identifying their respective glycoprotein structures on the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed H Mahallawi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar A Suliman
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Liu X, Ao D, Jiang S, Xia N, Xu Y, Shao Q, Luo J, Wang H, Zheng W, Chen N, Meurens F, Zhu J. African Swine Fever Virus A528R Inhibits TLR8 Mediated NF-κB Activity by Targeting p65 Activation and Nuclear Translocation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102046. [PMID: 34696476 PMCID: PMC8539517 DOI: 10.3390/v13102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is mainly an acute hemorrhagic disease which is highly contagious and lethal to domestic pigs and wild boars. The global pig industry has suffered significant economic losses due to the lack of an effective vaccine and treatment. The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has a large genome of 170–190 kb, encoding more than 150 proteins. During infection, ASFV evades host innate immunity via multiple viral proteins. A528R is a very important member of the polygene family of ASFV, which was shown to inhibit IFN-β production by targeting NF-κB, but its mechanism is not clear. This study has shown that A528R can suppress the TLR8-NF-κB signaling pathway, including the inhibition of downstream promoter activity, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and the antiviral and antibacterial activity. Further, we found the cellular co-localization and interaction between A528R and p65, and ANK repeat domains of A528R and RHD of p65 are involved in their interaction and the inhibition of p65 activity. Therefore, we conclude that A528R inhibits TLR8-NF-κB signaling by targeting p65 activation and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Liu
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Da Ao
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nengwen Xia
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qi Shao
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jia Luo
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wanglong Zheng
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - François Meurens
- BIOEPAR, INRAE, Oniris, 44307 Nantes, France;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.L.); (D.A.); (S.J.); (N.X.); (Y.X.); (Q.S.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (W.Z.); (N.C.)
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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Yoon W, Kim EJ, Park Y, Kim S, Park YK, Yoo Y. Bacterially Delivered miRNA-Mediated Toll-like Receptor 8 Gene Silencing for Combined Therapy in a Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis: Therapeutic Effect of miR TLR8 in AD. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1715. [PMID: 34442794 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In atopic dermatitis (AD), skin inflammation is caused by complex interactions between genetic disposition and aberrant innate/adaptive immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key molecules in the innate/adaptive immune response as they recognize various molecular motifs associated with pathogens. Among them, TLR8 is implicated in eczematous skin reactions. We investigated the combined therapeutic effects of TLR8 gene silencing by the bacterial delivery of miRNA. We used Salmonella as a vector to deliver TLR8 miRNA. The recombinant strain of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) expressing TLR8 miRNA (ST-miRTLR8) was prepared for knockdown of TLR8. After oral administration of ST-miRTLR8 into mice, we observed the cytokine levels, skin pathology and scratching behaviors in an AD-like mouse model. TLR8 down-regulation decreased macrophage-derived chemokine concentrations in activated human mast cells. Serum IgE and interleukin-4 production were suppressed whereas IFN-γ was induced after oral administration of ST-miRTLR8. Scratching behaviors and skin inflammation were also improved. In addition, attenuated S. typhimurium safely accumulated in mouse macrophages and showed adjuvant effects. This study shows that the recombinant miRNA that expresses the TLR8 miRNA has therapeutic effects by suppressing Th2 inflammation. TLR gene modulation using miRNA via Salmonella vectors will thus have a double-protective effect in the treatment of AD.
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Kaushik D, Granato JT, Macedo GC, Dib PRB, Piplani S, Fung J, da Silva AD, Coimbra ES, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. Toll-like receptor-7/8 agonist kill Leishmania amazonensis by acting as pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory agent. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1180-1190. [PMID: 33940589 PMCID: PMC8359742 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the anti-Leishmanial activity of imidazoquinoline-based TLR7/8 agonists. METHODS TLR7/8-active imidazoquinolines (2 and 3) were synthesized and assessed for activity against Leishmania amazonensis-intracellular amastigotes using mouse peritoneal macrophages. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines was determined in infected and non-infected macrophages. KEY FINDINGS The imidazoquinolines, 2 and 3, were primarily agonists of TLR7 with compound 3 also showing modest TLR8 activity. Docking studies showed them to occupy the same binding pocket on TLR7 and 8 as the known agonists, imiquimod and resiquimod. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the growth of L. amazonensis-intracellular amastigotes with the most potent compound (3, IC50 = 5.93 µM) having an IC50 value close to miltefosine (IC50 = 4.05 µM), a known anti-Leishmanial drug. Compound 3 induced macrophages to produce ROS, NO and inflammatory cytokines that likely explain the anti-Leishmanial effects. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that activating TLR7 using compounds 2 or 3 induces anti-Leishmanial activity associated with induction of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines able to kill the parasites. While 2 and 3 had a very narrow cytotoxicity window for macrophages, this identifies the possibility to further develop this chemical scaffold to less cytotoxic TLR7/8 agonist for potential use as anti-Leishmanial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Juliana T Granato
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B., Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gilson C Macedo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B., Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula R B Dib
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B., Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sakshi Piplani
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Warradale, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Johnson Fung
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Warradale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adilson D da Silva
- Departamento de Química, I.C.E., Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elaine S Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, I.C.B., Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Warradale, South Australia, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials (NICOVIA), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Dyavar SR, Singh R, Emani R, Pawar GP, Chaudhari VD, Podany AT, Avedissian SN, Fletcher CV, Salunke DB. Role of toll-like receptor 7/8 pathways in regulation of interferon response and inflammatory mediators during SARS-CoV2 infection and potential therapeutic options. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111794. [PMID: 34153851 PMCID: PMC8189763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is the causative agent of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Lower production of type I and III interferons and higher levels of inflammatory mediators upon SARS-CoV2 infection contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis. Optimal interferon production and controlled inflammation are essential to limit COVID-19 pathogenesis. However, the aggravated inflammatory response observed in COVID-19 patients causes severe damage to the host and frequently advances to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) signaling pathways play a central role in regulating induction of interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory mediators in dendritic cells. Controlled inflammation is possible through regulation of TLR mediated response without influencing interferon production to reduce COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review focuses on inflammatory mediators that contribute to pathogenic effects and the role of TLR pathways in the induction of interferon and inflammatory mediators and their contribution to COVID-19 pathogenesis. We conclude that potential TLR7/8 agonists inducing antiviral interferon response and controlling inflammation are important therapeutic options to effectively eliminate SARS-CoV2 induced pathogenesis. Ongoing and future studies may provide additional evidence on their safety and efficacy to treat COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shetty Ravi Dyavar
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rohini Emani
- Buck Institute for Research on Ageing, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Ganesh P Pawar
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbiology Technology Chandigarh, Sector-39A, Chandigarh,160036, India
| | - Vinod D Chaudhari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbiology Technology Chandigarh, Sector-39A, Chandigarh,160036, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anthony T Podany
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sean N Avedissian
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Courtney V Fletcher
- University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) Center for Drug Discovery, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Kairaluoma V, Kemi N, Huhta H, Pohjanen VM, Helminen O. Toll-like receptor 5 and 8 in hepatocellular carcinoma. APMIS 2021; 129:470-479. [PMID: 33950532 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are components of innate immunity, but also have a role in carcinogenesis. The prognostic value of TLR5 and TLR8 tumor expression was examined in contrast with known risk markers Ki67 and p53. All HCC patients from Oulu University Hospital with available representative tumor sample were included in this study (n = 182). TLR5, TLR8, Ki67, and p53 expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The relation between patient survival and TLR, Ki67, and p53 expression was calculated with Cox regression adjusted for confounding factors. TLR5 cytoplasm intensity was associated with 5-year overall (strong 0.0% vs weak 23.4%, p < 0.001) and disease-specific (strong 0.0% vs weak 34.9%, p < 0.001) survival. TLR5 nuclei percentage was associated with poor 5-year disease-specific survival (high 16.3% vs low 31.5%, p = 0.022). In adjusted analysis, strong TLR5 cytoplasm intensity was an independent risk factor for poor 5-year overall (adjusted HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.26-2.81) and disease-specific (adjusted HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.27-3.15) survival. High Ki67 and p53 expression associated with 5-year overall- and disease-specific survival. TLR8 was not associated with patient survival. This study suggests that TLR5 expression is independently prognostic in HCC with similar point estimate as previously known p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Kairaluoma
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Kemi
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huhta
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa-Matti Pohjanen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Helminen
- Surgery Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Song R, Gao Y, Dozmorov I, Malladi V, Saha I, McDaniel MM, Parameswaran S, Liang C, Arana C, Zhang B, Wakeland B, Zhou J, Weirauch MT, Kottyan LC, Wakeland EK, Pasare C. IRF1 governs the differential interferon-stimulated gene responses in human monocytes and macrophages by regulating chromatin accessibility. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108891. [PMID: 33761354 PMCID: PMC8300000 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid lineage cells use TLRs to recognize and respond to diverse microbial ligands. Although unique transcription factors dictate the outcome of specific TLR signaling, whether lineage-specific differences exist to further modulate the quality of TLR-induced inflammation remains unclear. Comprehensive analysis of global gene transcription in human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated with various TLR ligands identifies multiple lineage-specific, TLR-responsive gene programs. Monocytes are hyperresponsive to TLR7/8 stimulation that correlates with the higher expression of the receptors. While macrophages and monocytes express similar levels of TLR4, macrophages, but not monocytes, upregulate interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in response to TLR4 stimulation. We find that TLR4 signaling in macrophages uniquely engages transcription factor IRF1, which facilitates the opening of ISG loci for transcription. This study provides a critical mechanistic basis for lineage-specific TLR responses and uncovers IRF1 as a master regulator for the ISG transcriptional program in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Song
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Venkat Malladi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Irene Saha
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Margaret M McDaniel
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chaoying Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jinchun Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Leah C Kottyan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Thada S, Horvath GL, Müller MM, Dittrich N, Conrad ML, Sur S, Hussain A, Pelka K, Gaddam SL, Latz E, Slevogt H, Schumann RR, Burkert S. Interaction of TLR4 and TLR8 in the Innate Immune Response against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1560. [PMID: 33557133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction and crosstalk of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is an established pathway in which the innate immune system recognises and fights pathogens. In a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis of an Indian cohort, we found evidence for both TLR4-399T and TRL8-1A conveying increased susceptibility towards tuberculosis (TB) in an interdependent manner, even though there is no established TLR4 ligand present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which is the causative pathogen of TB. Docking studies revealed that TLR4 and TLR8 can build a heterodimer, allowing interaction with TLR8 ligands. The conformational change of TLR4-399T might impair this interaction. With immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we precipitated TLR4 with TLR8-targeted antibodies, indicating heterodimerisation. Confocal microscopy confirmed a high co-localisation frequency of TLR4 and TLR8 that further increased upon TLR8 stimulation. The heterodimerisation of TLR4 and TLR8 led to an induction of IL12p40, NF-κB, and IRF3. TLR4-399T in interaction with TLR8 induced an increased NF-κB response as compared to TLR4-399C, which was potentially caused by an alteration of subsequent immunological pathways involving type I IFNs. In summary, we present evidence that the heterodimerisation of TLR4 and TLR8 at the endosome is involved in Mtb recognition via TLR8 ligands, such as microbial RNA, which induces a Th1 response. These findings may lead to novel targets for therapeutic interventions and vaccine development regarding TB.
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Masum MA, Ichii O, Elewa YHA, Kon Y. Podocyte Injury Through Interaction Between Tlr8 and Its Endogenous Ligand miR-21 in Obstructed and Its Collateral Kidney. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606488. [PMID: 33552064 PMCID: PMC7862702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While chronic kidney disease is prevalent in adults, obstructive nephropathy (ON) has been reported in both young and old patients. In ON, tubulointerstitial lesions (TILs) have been widely investigated, but glomerular lesions (GLs) have been largely neglected. Here, we show a novel mechanism underlying GL development in ON in young and old mice. TILs develop earlier than GLs owing to infiltration of inflammatory cells in the tubulointerstitium, but GLs develop following the activation of Toll-like receptor 8 (Tlr8) even though the absence of inflammatory cells infiltrating the glomerulus. TLR8 and interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) proteins colocalize with reducing podocyte function markers (PFMs), indicating the activation of TLR8 signaling in injured podocytes. Furthermore, glomerular and serum levels of miR-21, an endogenous ligand for Tlr8, were higher in the ON mouse model than in the sham control. The glomerular expression of Tlr8 positively correlates with miR-21 and the downstream cytokines Il1b and Il6 and negatively correlated with PFMs (Nphs1 and Synpo). We also show the colocalization of TLR8 and IL1β proteins with reducing PFMs in both obstructed and collateral kidney of young and old mice. Furthermore, in vitro study results revealed higher expression of Tlr8 and its downstream cytokines in glomeruli from obstructed kidneys following treatment with miR-21 mimic than in the control. In conclusion, the overexpression of Tlr8 may serve as a plausible mechanism underlying GL development in ON through podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Masum
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Zhao LX, Jiang M, Bai XQ, Cao DL, Wu XB, Zhang J, Guo JS, Chen TT, Wang J, Wu H, Gao YJ, Zhang ZJ. TLR8 in the Trigeminal Ganglion Contributes to the Maintenance of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:550-62. [PMID: 33355900 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is a significant health problem but the involved mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have recently been demonstrated to be expressed in the dorsal root ganglion and involved in chronic pain. Here, we show that TLR8 was persistently increased in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in model of TNP induced by partial infraorbital nerve ligation (pIONL). In addition, deletion or knockdown of Tlr8 in the TG attenuated pIONL-induced mechanical allodynia, reduced the activation of ERK and p38-MAPK, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the TG. Furthermore, intra-TG injection of the TLR8 agonist VTX-2337 induced pain hypersensitivity. VTX-2337 also increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, induced the activation of ERK and p38, and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the TG. These data indicate that TLR8 contributes to the maintenance of TNP through increasing MAPK-mediated neuroinflammation. Targeting TLR8 signaling may be effective for the treatment of TNP.
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Campolo M, Filippone A, Biondo C, Mancuso G, Casili G, Lanza M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Paterniti I. TLR7/8 in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249384. [PMID: 33317145 PMCID: PMC7763162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and autoimmune mechanisms have a key part in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, we evaluated the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as a link between inflammation and autoimmunity in PD. An in vivo model of PD was performed by administration of 1-metil 4-fenil 1,2,3,6-tetraidro-piridina (MPTP) at the dose of 20 mg/kg every 2 h for a total administration of 80/kg, both in single Knock Out (KO) mice for TLR7, TLR 8, and TLR9 and in double KO mice for TLR 7/8-/-. All animals were compared with WT animals used as a control group. All animals were sacrificed after 7 days form the first administration of MPTP. The genetic absence of TLR 7 and 8 modified the PD pathway, increasing the immunoreactivity for TH and DAT compared to PD groups and decreasing microglia and astrocytes activation. Moreover, the deletion of TLR7 and TLR8 significantly reduced T-cell infiltration in the substantia nigra and lymph nodes, suggesting a reduction of T-cell activation. Therefore, our result highlights a possibility that an immunotherapy approach, by using a dual antagonist of TLR 7 and 8, could be considered as a possible target to develop new therapies for Parkinson diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Carmelo Biondo
- Metchnikoff Laboratory, Department of Human Pathology and Medicine, University of Messina, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Metchnikoff Laboratory, Department of Human Pathology and Medicine, University of Messina, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (C.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’alcontres, 31-98166 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (A.F.); (G.C.); (M.L.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-5208
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Krawczynski K, Ouyang Y, Mouillet JF, Chu T, Coyne CB, Sadovsky Y. Unc-13 homolog D mediates an antiviral effect of the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster miR-517a. J Cell Sci 2020; 134:jcs246769. [PMID: 33093239 PMCID: PMC7687871 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) can be cell autonomous or communicated to other cell types and has been implicated in diverse biological processes. We previously demonstrated that miR-517a-3p (miR-517a), a highly expressed member of the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) that is transcribed almost exclusively in human trophoblasts, attenuates viral replication via induction of autophagy in non-trophoblastic recipient cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Here, we identified unc-13 homolog D (UNC13D) as a direct, autophagy-related gene target of miR-517a, leading to repression of UNC13D. In line with the antiviral activity of miR-517a, silencing UNC13D suppressed replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), whereas overexpression of UNC13D increased VSV levels, suggesting a role for UNC13D silencing in the antiviral activity of miR-517a. We also found that miR-517a activated NF-κB signaling in HEK-293XL cells expressing TLR8, but the effect was not specific to C19MC miRNA. Taken together, our results define mechanistic pathways that link C19MC miRNA with inhibition of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Krawczynski
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Mouillet
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Carolyn B Coyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Ostendorf T, Zillinger T, Andryka K, Schlee-Guimaraes TM, Schmitz S, Marx S, Bayrak K, Linke R, Salgert S, Wegner J, Grasser T, Bauersachs S, Soltesz L, Hübner MP, Nastaly M, Coch C, Kettwig M, Roehl I, Henneke M, Hoerauf A, Barchet W, Gärtner J, Schlee M, Hartmann G, Bartok E. Immune Sensing of Synthetic, Bacterial, and Protozoan RNA by Toll-like Receptor 8 Requires Coordinated Processing by RNase T2 and RNase 2. Immunity 2020; 52:591-605.e6. [PMID: 32294405 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) activation induces a potent T helper-1 (Th1) cell response critical for defense against intracellular pathogens, including protozoa. The receptor harbors two distinct binding sites, uridine and di- and/or trinucleotides, but the RNases upstream of TLR8 remain poorly characterized. We identified two endolysosomal endoribonucleases, RNase T2 and RNase 2, that act synergistically to release uridine from oligoribonucleotides. RNase T2 cleaves preferentially before, and RNase 2 after, uridines. Live bacteria, P. falciparum-infected red blood cells, purified pathogen RNA, and synthetic oligoribonucleotides all required RNase 2 and T2 processing to activate TLR8. Uridine supplementation restored RNA recognition in RNASE2-/- or RNASET2-/- but not RNASE2-/-RNASET2-/- cells. Primary immune cells from RNase T2-hypomorphic patients lacked a response to bacterial RNA but responded robustly to small-molecule TLR8 ligands. Our data identify an essential function of RNase T2 and RNase 2 upstream of TLR8 and provide insight into TLR8 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ostendorf
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Andryka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Saskia Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Samira Marx
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kübra Bayrak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rebecca Linke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Salgert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Wegner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tatjana Grasser
- Axolabs GmbH, Fritz-Hornschuch-Strasse 9, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Sonja Bauersachs
- Axolabs GmbH, Fritz-Hornschuch-Strasse 9, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Leon Soltesz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Nastaly
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Coch
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Miltenyi Biotech, Biomedicine Division, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Matthias Kettwig
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Roehl
- Axolabs GmbH, Fritz-Hornschuch-Strasse 9, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Marco Henneke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schlee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Bartok
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Guo J, Tang J, Kang T, Xiong Y, Xiang Z, Qin C. Different immunization methods lead to altered gut flora and varied responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14:1170-1177. [PMID: 33175713 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is an essential means for prevention of tuberculosis infection, but the effects of various vaccines on the intestinal flora of mice and their response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remain poorly understood. METHODOLOGY In this study, two different vaccinations - ESAT6 and ESAT6 + TLR8 agonists - were administered to mice transgenic for human TLR8 to investigate gut microbiota characteristics following vaccination. Gut microbiota was investigated by next generation sequencing in the MiSeq Sequencing System. Adonis analysis was used to evaluate the effect of variables on gut bacterial community stucture. Chao1, Shannon index, and phylogenetic diversity index were used to explore the gut bacterial diversity. RESULTS The results showed that different vaccines have significant influence on mice intestinal bacteria (adonis analysis, p < 0.01), with gut bacterial diversity within the ESAT6 + TLR8 agonists group being significantly decreased compared to the ESAT6 treatment group (p < 0.01). Following infection with Mtb via tail vein injection, the bacterial community structure within the control versus vaccinated groups altered significantly (adonis analysis, p < 0.01), and the altered changed genera were markedly different between the groups. Following infection, Bifidobacteria differed between the groups, indicated that they play a vital role in the response to infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that different vaccines might have distinct influences on intestinal flora, and their role should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China.
| | - Taisheng Kang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhiguang Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China.
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (The Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China.
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Wang Y, Yang H, Li H, Zhao S, Zeng Y, Zhang P, Lin X, Sun X, Wang L, Fu G, Gao Y, Wang P, Gao D. Development of a novel TLR8 agonist for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Biomed 2020; 1:6. [PMID: 35006413 PMCID: PMC8607422 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of proteins that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Their primary function is to activate innate immune responses while also involved in facilitating adaptive immune responses. Different TLRs exert distinct functions by activating varied immune cascades. Several TLRs are being pursued as cancer drug targets. We discovered a novel, highly potent and selective small molecule TLR8 agonist DN052. DN052 exhibited strong in vitro cellular activity with EC50 at 6.7 nM and was highly selective for TLR8 over other TLRs including TLR4, 7 and 9. DN052 displayed excellent in vitro ADMET and in vivo PK profiles. DN052 potently inhibited tumor growth as a single agent. Moreover, combination of DN052 with the immune checkpoint inhibitor, selected targeted therapeutics or chemotherapeutic drugs further enhanced efficacy of single agents. Mechanistically, treatment with DN052 resulted in strong induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in ex vivo human PBMC assay and in vivo monkey study. GLP toxicity studies in rats and monkeys demonstrated favorable safety profile. This led to the advancement of DN052 into phase 1 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Wang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Heping Yang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huanping Li
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuda Zhao
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yikun Zeng
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lin
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Sun
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guangliang Fu
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yaqiao Gao
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Daxin Gao
- Shanghai Denovo Pharmatech Co., Ltd., 576 Libing Road, Shanghai Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Zaidane I, Ouladlahsen A, Bensghir R, Chihab H, Jadid FZ, Fɩhry RE, Baba H, Filali KME, Oudghiri M, Wakrim L, Benjelloun S, Ezzikouri S. An assessment of toll-like receptor 7 and 8 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, AIDS development and response to antiretroviral therapy. Immunol Lett 2020; 227:88-95. [PMID: 32888973 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in activating the innate immune response, inducing inflammation and initiating the adaptive immune response. In this study, we assess the influence of TLR7 and TLR8 gene polymorphisms on HIV-1 susceptibility, AIDS development, and treatment outcomes. The TLR7 and TLR8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped through real-time PCR in 222 patients living with HIV-1 and 141 healthy controls. Frequencies of the TLR7-IVS2-151 G/A and TLR7-IVS1 + 1817 G/T genotypes and alleles were not significantly increased in patients with HIV-1 infection compared to healthy controls both in males and females. Whereas, males carrying TLR8 Met allele were twice susceptible to HIV-1 infection compared to subjects with A allele (OR = 2.04, 95 % CI 1.10-3.76; p = 0.021). Interestingly, for TLR8-129 G/C, both males and females carrying G allele and GG genotype, respectively were significantly associated with HIV-1 infection (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the TLR7 IVS1 + 1817 G/T and the TLR8 rs3764880 were associated with protection to progress the AIDS stage in male and female, respectively (p < 0.05). Males carrying TLR7 IVS2-151-A allele showed a significant increased level of HIV-1 viral load pre-treatment, in comparison with individuals carrying the G allele (p-value = 0.036). Additionally, males carrying TLR8 Met allele showed statistically higher HIV viral load at baseline (p-value = 0.04) and after treatment (p-value = 0.013). Regarding CD4 + T cell counts, no significant association was found with TLR7 and TLR8 SNPs before and after antiretroviral treatment. This data demonstrates that TLR8 polymorphisms could affect HIV-1 infection. Moreover, an association between TLR7 IVS2-151-A and TLR8 Met alleles and plasma HIV viral load level was found.
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Lu YY, Ma XJ, Yang YN. MicroRNA-18a-5p mitigates oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury through suppression of TLRs/NF-κB signaling by targeting TLR8 in PC12 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2476-2483. [PMID: 32815784 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1806705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the role of TLR8 in cerebral I/R injury and its in-depth pathogenesis. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that TLR8 was up-regulated in patients with ischemic stroke than that in healthy control, and miR-18a-5p was the upstream regulatory of TLR8. Then, the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were exposed in oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) conditions to construct a model in vitro. The functional experiments indicated that OGD/R can decline the viability and elevate the apoptosis of PC12 cells, while up-regulation of miR-18a-5p can alleviate OGD/R-induced cell injury. Notably, overexpression of TLR8 reverses the miR-18a-5p-mediated protection on OGD/R-induced cells injury. Finally, we found that up-regulation of miR-18a-5p obviously declined the protein levels of TLR4 and TLR7 as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB, while overexpression of TLR8 canceled the decrease caused by miR-18a-5p up-regulation. In summing, our results illustrated that miR-18a-5p/TLR8 axis can mitigate OGD/R-induced cells injury through TLRs and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yun Lu
- Department of Severe Rehabilitation, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital , Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital , Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Na Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University , Jinan, P.R. China
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Cassatella MA, Gardiman E, Arruda-Silva F, Bianchetto-Aguilera F, Gasperini S, Bugatti M, Vermi W, Larousserie F, Devergne O, Tamassia N. Human neutrophils activated by TLR8 agonists, with or without IFNγ, synthesize and release EBI3, but not IL-12, IL-27, IL-35, or IL-39. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1515-1526. [PMID: 32480433 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0520-054r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-12 family of cytokines plays crucial functions in innate and adaptive immunity. These cytokines include heterodimers sharing distinct α (IL-12A, IL-23A, and IL-27A) with two β (IL-12B and Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 [EBI3]) chains, respectively, IL-12 (IL-12B plus IL-12A) and IL-23 (IL-12B plus IL-23A) sharing IL-12B, IL-27 (EBI3 plus IL-27A), IL-35 (EBI3 plus IL-12A), and IL-39 (EBI3 plus IL-23A) sharing EBI3. In this context, we have recently reported that highly pure neutrophils incubated with TLR8 agonists produce functional IL-23. Previously, we showed that neutrophils incubated with LPS plus IFNγ for 20 h produce IL-12. Herein, we investigated whether highly pure, TLR8-activated, neutrophils produce EBI3, and in turn IL-27, IL-35, and IL-39, the IL-12 members containing it. We report that neutrophils incubated with TLR8 ligands, TNFα and, to a lesser extent, LPS, produce and release remarkable amounts of EBI3, but not IL-27A, consequently excluding the possibility for an IL-27 production. We also report a series of unsuccessful experiments performed to investigate whether neutrophil-derived EBI3 associates with IL-23A to form IL-39. Furthermore, we show that neutrophils incubated with IFNγ in combination with either TLR8 or TLR4 ligands express/produce neither IL-12, nor IL-35, due to the inability of IFNγ, contrary to previous findings, to activate IL12A transcription. Even IL-27 was undetectable in supernatants harvested from IFNγ plus R848-treated neutrophils, although they were found to accumulate IL27A transcripts. Finally, by immunohistochemistry experiments, EBI3-positive neutrophils were found in discrete pathologies only, including diverticulitis, cholecystitis, Gorham disease, and Bartonella Henselae infection, implying a specific role of neutrophil-derived EBI3 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Gardiman
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Arruda-Silva
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sara Gasperini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Section of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Frederique Larousserie
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Odile Devergne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Greulich W, Wagner M, Gaidt MM, Stafford C, Cheng Y, Linder A, Carell T, Hornung V. TLR8 Is a Sensor of RNase T2 Degradation Products. Cell 2019; 179:1264-1275.e13. [PMID: 31778653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
TLR8 is among the highest-expressed pattern-recognition receptors in the human myeloid compartment, yet its mode of action is poorly understood. TLR8 engages two distinct ligand binding sites to sense RNA degradation products, although it remains unclear how these ligands are formed in cellulo in the context of complex RNA molecule sensing. Here, we identified the lysosomal endoribonuclease RNase T2 as a non-redundant upstream component of TLR8-dependent RNA recognition. RNase T2 activity is required for rendering complex single-stranded, exogenous RNA molecules detectable for TLR8. This is due to RNase T2's preferential cleavage of single-stranded RNA molecules between purine and uridine residues, which critically contributes to the supply of catabolic uridine and the generation of purine-2',3'-cyclophosphate-terminated oligoribonucleotides. Thus-generated molecules constitute agonistic ligands for the first and second binding pocket of TLR8. Together, these results establish the identity and origin of the RNA-derived molecular pattern sensed by TLR8.
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Moreno-Eutimio MA, López-Macías C, Pastelin-Palacios R. Bioinformatic analysis and identification of single-stranded RNA sequences recognized by TLR7/8 in the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV genomes. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:226-9. [PMID: 32361001 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During virus infection, host toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger the innate immune response. TLR7/8 can identify the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) of the virus. This study aimed to search ssRNA sequences recognized by TLR7/8 from the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV whole genomes by a bioinformatic technique. The immunoinformatic approach showed that the SARS-CoV-2 genome has more ssRNA fragments that could be recognized by TLR7/8 than the SARS-CoV genome. These findings suggest innate immune hyperactivation by SARS-CoV-2. This activity is possibly able to provoke a robust proinflammatory response via TLR7/8 recognition and cause acute lung injury.
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Kaushik D, Dhingra S, Patil MT, Piplani S, Khanna V, Honda-Okubo Y, Li L, Fung J, Sakala IG, Salunke DB, Petrovsky N. BBIQ, a pure TLR7 agonist, is an effective influenza vaccine adjuvant. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:1989-1996. [PMID: 32298200 PMCID: PMC7482670 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1710409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Better adjuvants are needed for vaccines against seasonal influenza. TLR7 agonists are potent activators of innate immune responses and thereby may be promising adjuvants. Among the imidazoquinoline compounds, 1-benzyl-2-butyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (BBIQ) was reported to be a highly active TLR7 agonist but has remained relatively unexplored because of its commercial unavailability. Indeed, in silico molecular modeling studies predicted that BBIQ had a higher TLR7 docking score and binding free energy than imiquimod, the gold standard TLR7 agonist. To circumvent the availability issue, we developed an improved and higher yield method to synthesize BBIQ. Testing BBIQ on human and mouse TLR7 reporter cell lines confirmed it to be TLR7 specific with significantly higher potency than imiquimod. To test its adjuvant potential, BBIQ or imiquimod were admixed with recombinant influenza hemagglutinin protein and administered to mice as two intramuscular immunizations 2 weeks apart. Serum anti-influenza IgG responses assessed by ELISA 2 weeks after the second immunization confirmed that the mice that received vaccine admixed with BBIQ had significantly higher anti-influenza IgG1 and IgG2c responses than mice immunized with antigen alone or admixed with imiquimod. This confirmed BBIQ to be a TLR7-specific adjuvant able to enhance humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepender Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University , Chandigarh, India
| | - Simran Dhingra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University , Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhuri T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women , Chandigarh, India
| | - Sakshi Piplani
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Varun Khanna
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lei Li
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Isaac G Sakala
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University , Chandigarh, India.,National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials (NICOVIA), Panjab University , Chandigarh, India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd , Warradale, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University , Adelaide, Australia
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49
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Xu Q, Lin YB, Li L, Liu J. LncRNA TLR8-AS1 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer through enhancing TLR8 mRNA stability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:857-64. [PMID: 32278547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is diagnosed as the most deadly gynecological tumor. Ovarian cancer metastasis affects chemoresistance and confers poor patient prognosis. In present work, we intended to elucidate whether long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) TLR8-AS1 regulated cell metastasis and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer, and uncover the molecular mechanism of TLR8-AS1 in the modulation of ovarian cancer progression. Firstly, bioinformatics analyses identified TLR8-AS1 as a cancer-associated fibroblasts regulated lncRNA in ovarian cancer. Further experiments revealed that TLR8-AS1 augmented cell metastasis and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, TLR8-AS1 upregulates TLR8 by stabilizing TLR8 mRNA, thus activating NF-κB signaling and promoting ovarian cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. Besides, TCGA data analysis suggested that TLR8-AS1 is elevated in ovarian cancer in comparison to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. High TLR8-AS1 expression levels were measured in metastatic ovarian cancer and correlated with poor patient prognosis. The clinical data supported the mechanism and biological significance of TLR8-AS1 dysregulation in ovarian cancer development. Our work demonstrates that TLR8-AS1 can be applied as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator for ovarian cancer, and maybe an alternative target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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50
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Bazin HG, Bess LS, Livesay MT, Li Y, Cybulski V, Miller SM, Johnson DA, Evans JT. Optimization of 8-oxoadenines with toll-like-receptor 7 and 8 activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126984. [PMID: 32001135 PMCID: PMC7050994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonists are potent immunostimulants that are attracting considerable interest as vaccine adjuvants. We recently reported the synthesis of a new series of 2-O-butyl-8-oxoadenines substituted at the 9-position with various linkers and N-heterocycles, and showed that TLR7/8 selectivity, potency and cytokine induction could be modulated by varying the alkyl linker length and the N-heterocyclic ring. In the present study, we further optimized the oxoadenine scaffold by investigating the effect of different substituents at the 2-position of the oxoadenine on TLR7/8 potency/selectivity, cytokine induction and DC maturation in human PBMCs. The results show that introducing a 1-(S)-methylbutoxy group at the 2-position of the oxoadenine significantly increased potency for TLR7/8 activity, cytokine induction and DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène G Bazin
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States.
| | - Laura S Bess
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Mark T Livesay
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Yufeng Li
- GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Van Cybulski
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States
| | - David A Johnson
- GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; GSK Vaccines, 553 Old Corvallis Road, Hamilton, MT 59840, United States
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