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Pyle HJ, Evans JC, Artami M, Raj P, Sridharan S, Arana C, Eckert KM, McDonald JG, Harris-Tryon TA, Mauskar MM. Assessment of the Cutaneous Hormone Landscapes and Microbiomes in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00111-8. [PMID: 38368928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a progressive skin disease of unknown etiology. In this longitudinal case-control exploratory study, we evaluated the hormonal and microbial landscapes in 18 postmenopausal women (mean [SD] age: 64.4 [8.4]) with vulvar lichen sclerosus and controls. We reevaluated the VLS patients after 10-14 weeks of daily topical Class I steroid. We found that groin cutaneous estrone was lower in vulvar lichen sclerosus versus controls (-22.33, 95% CI -36.96 to -7.70; P = 0.006); cutaneous progesterone was higher (5.73, 95% CI 3.74 to 7.73; P< 0.0001). Forehead 11-deoxycortisol (-0.24, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.06; P = 0.01) and testosterone (-7.22, 95% CI -12.83 to -1.62; P = 0.02) were lower in disease. With treatment, cutaneous estrone (-7.88, 95% CI -44.07 to 28.31; P = 0.62), progesterone (2.02, 95% CI -2.08 to 6.11; P = 0.29), and 11-deoxycortisol (-0.13, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.05; P = 0.15) normalized; testosterone remained suppressed (-7.41, 95% CI -13.38 to -1.43; P = 0.02). 16S rRNA V1-V3 and ITS1 amplicon sequencing revealed bacterial and fungal microbiome alterations in disease. Findings suggest that cutaneous sex hormone and bacterial microbiome alterations may be associated with VLS in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter J Pyle
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Jessica C Evans
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Methinee Artami
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Srisha Sridharan
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Eckert
- Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Tamia A Harris-Tryon
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA.
| | - Melissa M Mauskar
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA.
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2
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Johnson KC, Johnson ST, Liu J, Chu Y, Arana C, Han Y, Wang T, Corey DR. Consequences of depleting TNRC6, AGO, and DROSHA proteins on expression of microRNAs. RNA 2023:rna.079647.123. [PMID: 37169394 PMCID: PMC10351893 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079647.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential for microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate gene expression remains incompletely understood. DROSHA initiates the biogenesis of miRNAs while variants of Argonaute (AGO) and Trinucleotide Repeat Containing Six (TNRC6) family proteins form complexes with miRNAs to facilitate RNA recognition and gene regulation. Here we investigate the fate of miRNAs in the absence of these critical RNAi protein factors. Knockout of DROSHA expression reduces levels of some miRNAs annotated in miRbase but not others. The identity of miRNAs with reduced expression matches the identity of miRNAs previously identified by experimental approaches. The miRgeneDB resource offers closest alignment with experimental results. By contrast, the loss of TNRC6 proteins had much smaller effects on miRNA levels. Knocking out AGO proteins, which directly contact the mature miRNA, decreased expression of the miRNAs most strongly associated with AGO2 as determined from enhanced crosslinking immunoprecipitation (AGO2-eCLIP). Evaluation of miRNA binding to endogenously-expressed AGO proteins revealed that miRNA:AGO association was similar for AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, and AGO4. Our data emphasize the need to evaluate annotated miRNAs based on approximate cellular abundance, DROSHA dependence, and physical association with AGO when forming hypotheses related to their function.
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3
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Pyle HJ, Artami M, Edwards M, Raj P, Zhang B, Arana C, Harris-Tryon TA. Saprophytic bacteria and fungi colonize stearoyl coenzyme-A desaturase-1 knockout skin. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:78-84. [PMID: 36114818 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipids synthesized on the skin are critical to the antimicrobial barrier. Skin lipids also facilitate survival of lipophilic skin commensals in an otherwise dry and acidic ecological landscape. Thus, skin-specific stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 knockout mice (Scd1ΔK14 ) with sebocyte atrophy and decreased synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, triglycerides and wax diesters have dry, inflamed skin. Here, we used 16S rRNA (V1-V2 and V1-V9) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) amplicon sequencing to compare bacterial and fungal skin microbiomes between Scd1ΔK14 mice and wildtype control mice (Scd1fl/fl ) in a barrier facility. Saprophytic bacteria including Sporosarcina spp. and Staphylococcus lentus and saprophytic fungi including Alternaria infectoria were found in higher relative abundance in the Scd1ΔK14 group (ANCOM). Analysis of community diversity (Shannon index) revealed greater fungal alpha diversity in the Scd1ΔK14 group (p = 0.009, Kruskal-Wallis). Principal coordinates analysis (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) showed that both bacterial (p = 0.002, PERMANOVA) and fungal communities (p = 0.006, PERMANOVA) of the Scd1ΔK14 group were unique from the wildtype group. Altogether, these results suggest that sebaceous gland-derived lipids normally restrict the skin microbiome, and in the absence of these lipids, a greater diversity of opportunistic organisms are able to colonize the surface of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter J Pyle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Methinee Artami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marshall Edwards
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tamia A Harris-Tryon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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4
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Raj P, Liang C, Arana C, Oers NV, Li QZ, Wakeland EK, Karp DR. 907 ANA associated regulatory polymorphisms in HLA class III region downregulate complement 4 (C4) gene expression. Genetics 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-lupus21century.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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5
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Deng S, Wang C, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li X, Johnson NA, Mukherji A, Lo UG, Xu L, Gonzalez J, Metang LA, Ye J, Tirado CR, Rodarte K, Zhou Y, Xie Z, Arana C, Annamalai V, Liu X, Vander Griend DJ, Strand D, Hsieh JT, Li B, Raj G, Wang T, Mu P. Ectopic JAK–STAT activation enables the transition to a stem-like and multilineage state conferring AR-targeted therapy resistance. Nat Cancer 2022; 3:1071-1087. [PMID: 36065066 PMCID: PMC9499870 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that various cancers can gain resistance to targeted therapies by acquiring lineage plasticity. Although various genomic and transcriptomic aberrations correlate with lineage plasticity, the molecular mechanisms enabling the acquisition of lineage plasticity have not been fully elucidated. We reveal that Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling is a crucial executor in promoting lineage plasticity-driven androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy resistance in prostate cancer. Importantly, ectopic JAK–STAT activation is specifically required for the resistance of stem-like subclones expressing multilineage transcriptional programs but not subclones exclusively expressing the neuroendocrine-like lineage program. Both genetic and pharmaceutical inhibition of JAK–STAT signaling resensitizes resistant tumors to AR-targeted therapy. Together, these results suggest that JAK–STAT are compelling therapeutic targets for overcoming lineage plasticity-driven AR-targeted therapy resistance.
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6
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Arana C, Liang C, Brock M, Zhang B, Zhou J, Chen L, Cantarel B, SoRelle J, Hooper LV, Raj P. A short plus long-amplicon based sequencing approach improves genomic coverage and variant detection in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261014. [PMID: 35025877 PMCID: PMC8757904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
High viral transmission in the COVID-19 pandemic has enabled SARS-CoV-2 to acquire new mutations that may impact genome sequencing methods. The ARTIC.v3 primer pool that amplifies short amplicons in a multiplex-PCR reaction is one of the most widely used methods for sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 genome. We observed that some genomic intervals are poorly captured with ARTIC primers. To improve the genomic coverage and variant detection across these intervals, we designed long amplicon primers and evaluated the performance of a short (ARTIC) plus long amplicon (MRL) sequencing approach. Sequencing assays were optimized on VR-1986D-ATCC RNA followed by sequencing of nasopharyngeal swab specimens from fifteen COVID-19 positive patients. ARTIC data covered 94.47% of the virus genome fraction in the positive control and patient samples. Variant analysis in the ARTIC data detected 217 mutations, including 209 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and eight insertions & deletions. On the other hand, long-amplicon data detected 156 mutations, of which 80% were concordant with ARTIC data. Combined analysis of ARTIC + MRL data improved the genomic coverage to 97.03% and identified 214 high confidence mutations. The combined final set of 214 mutations included 203 SNVs, 8 deletions and 3 insertions. Analysis showed 26 SARS-CoV-2 lineage defining mutations including 4 known variants of concern K417N, E484K, N501Y, P618H in spike gene. Hybrid analysis identified 7 nonsynonymous and 5 synonymous mutations across the genome that were either ambiguous or not called in ARTIC data. For example, G172V mutation in the ORF3a protein and A2A mutation in Membrane protein were missed by the ARTIC assay. Thus, we show that while the short amplicon (ARTIC) assay provides good genomic coverage with high throughput, complementation of poorly captured intervals with long amplicon data can significantly improve SARS-CoV-2 genomic coverage and variant detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Microbiome and Genomics core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Chaoying Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Microbiome and Genomics core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Matthew Brock
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Microbiome and Genomics core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Jinchun Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Microbiome and Genomics core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Brandi Cantarel
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey SoRelle
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Lora V. Hooper
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Microbiome and Genomics core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
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7
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Lopez-Perez D, Redruello-Romero A, Garcia-Rubio J, Arana C, Garcia-Escudero LA, Tamayo F, Salmeron J, Galvez J, Leon J, Carazo Á. In Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Mast Cells in Omental Adipose Tissue Decrease the Surface Expression of CD45, CD117, CD203c, and FcϵRI. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:818388. [PMID: 35370964 PMCID: PMC8965342 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.818388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of mast cells in type 2 diabetes is changing. Although they were first considered deleterious inflammatory cells, now they seem to be important players driving adipose tissue homeostasis. Here we have employed a flow cytometry-based approach for measuring the surface expression of 4 proteins (CD45, CD117, CD203c, and FcϵRI) on mast cells of omental (o-WAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (s-WAT) in a cohort of 96 patients with morbid obesity. The cohort was split into three groups: non-T2D, pre-T2D, and T2D. Noteworthy, patients with T2D have a mild condition (HbA1c <7%). In o-WAT, mast cells of patients with T2D have a decrease in the surface expression of CD45 (p=0.0013), CD117 (p=0.0066), CD203c (p=0.0025), and FcϵRI (p=0.043). Besides, in s-WAT, the decrease was seen only in CD117 (p=0.046). These results indicate that T2D affects more to mast cells in o-WAT than in s-WAT. The decrease in these four proteins has serious effects on mast cell function. CD117 is critical for mast cell survival, while CD45 and FcϵRI are important for mast cell activation. Additionally, CD203c is only present on the cell surface after granule release. Taking together these observations, we suggest that mast cells in o-WAT of patients with T2D have a decreased survival, activation capacity, and secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Anaïs Redruello-Romero
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Arana
- Endocrinology and nutrition department, Virgen de la Luz University Hospital, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Luis A. Garcia-Escudero
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Salmeron
- Gastroenterology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red para Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Julio Galvez, ; Ángel Carazo,
| | - Josefa Leon
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Julio Galvez, ; Ángel Carazo,
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8
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Zhang B, Brock M, Arana C, Dende C, van Oers NS, Hooper LV, Raj P. Impact of Bead-Beating Intensity on the Genus- and Species-Level Characterization of the Gut Microbiome Using Amplicon and Complete 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:678522. [PMID: 34660333 PMCID: PMC8517478 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.678522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bead-beating within a DNA extraction protocol is critical for complete microbial cell lysis and accurate assessment of the abundance and composition of the microbiome. While the impact of bead-beating on the recovery of OTUs at the phylum and class level have been studied, its influence on species-level microbiome recovery is not clear. Recent advances in sequencing technology has allowed species-level resolution of the microbiome using full length 16S rRNA gene sequencing instead of smaller amplicons that only capture a few hypervariable regions of the gene. We sequenced the v3-v4 hypervariable region as well as the full length 16S rRNA gene in mouse and human stool samples and discovered major clusters of gut bacteria that exhibit different levels of sensitivity to bead-beating treatment. Full length 16S rRNA gene sequencing unraveled vast species diversity in the mouse and human gut microbiome and enabled characterization of several unclassified OTUs in amplicon data. Many species of major gut commensals such as Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Blautia, Clostridium, Escherichia, Roseburia, Helicobacter, and Ruminococcus were identified. Interestingly, v3-v4 amplicon data classified about 50% of Ruminococcus reads as Ruminococcus gnavus species which showed maximum abundance in a 9 min beaten sample. However, the remaining 50% of reads could not be assigned to any species. Full length 16S rRNA gene sequencing data showed that the majority of the unclassified reads were Ruminococcus albus species which unlike R. gnavus showed maximum recovery in the unbeaten sample instead. Furthermore, we found that the Blautia hominis and Streptococcus parasanguinis species were differently sensitive to bead-beating treatment than the rest of the species in these genera. Thus, the present study demonstrates species level variations in sensitivity to bead-beating treatment that could only be resolved with full length 16S rRNA sequencing. This study identifies species of common gut commensals and potential pathogens that require minimum (0-1 min) or extensive (4-9 min) bead-beating for their maximal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Microbiome Research Laboratory (MRL), Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Matthew Brock
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Microbiome Research Laboratory (MRL), Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Microbiome Research Laboratory (MRL), Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Chaitanya Dende
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Microbiome Research Laboratory (MRL), Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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9
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Lopez-Perez D, Redruello-Romero A, Garcia-Rubio J, Arana C, Garcia-Escudero LA, Tamayo F, Puentes-Pardo JD, Moreno-SanJuan S, Salmeron J, Blanco A, Galvez J, Leon J, Carazo Á. In Patients With Obesity, the Number of Adipose Tissue Mast Cells Is Significantly Lower in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664576. [PMID: 34093556 PMCID: PMC8177010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rising global health problem mainly caused by obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. In healthy individuals, white adipose tissue (WAT) has a relevant homeostatic role in glucose metabolism, energy storage, and endocrine signaling. Mast cells contribute to these functions promoting WAT angiogenesis and adipogenesis. In patients with T2D, inflammation dramatically impacts WAT functioning, which results in the recruitment of several leukocytes, including monocytes, that enhance this inflammation. Accordingly, the macrophages population rises as the WAT inflammation increases during the T2D status worsening. Since mast cell progenitors cannot arrive at WAT, the amount of WAT mast cells depends on how the new microenvironment affects progenitor and differentiated mast cells. Here, we employed a flow cytometry-based approach to analyze the number of mast cells from omental white adipose tissue (o-WAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (s-WAT) in a cohort of 100 patients with obesity. Additionally, we measured the number of mast cell progenitors in a subcohort of 15 patients. The cohort was divided in three groups: non-T2D, pre-T2D, and T2D. Importantly, patients with T2D have a mild condition (HbA1c <7%). The number of mast cells and mast cell progenitors was lower in patients with T2D in both o-WAT and s-WAT in comparison to subjects from the pre-T2D and non-T2D groups. In the case of mast cells in o-WAT, there were statistically significant differences between non-T2D and T2D groups (p = 0.0031), together with pre-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.0097). However, in s-WAT, the differences are only between non-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.047). These differences have been obtained with patients with a mild T2D condition. Therefore, little changes in T2D status have a huge impact on the number of mast cells in WAT, especially in o-WAT. Due to the importance of mast cells in WAT physiology, their decrease can reduce the capacity of WAT, especially o-WAT, to store lipids and cause hypoxic cell deaths that will trigger inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Anaïs Redruello-Romero
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Arana
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Garcia-Escudero
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Jose D Puentes-Pardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-SanJuan
- Cytometry and Microscopy Research Service, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Salmeron
- Gastroenterology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Armando Blanco
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red para Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa Leon
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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10
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Song R, Gao Y, Dozmorov I, Malladi V, Saha I, McDaniel MM, Parameswaran S, Liang C, Arana C, Zhang B, Wakeland B, Zhou J, Weirauch MT, Kottyan LC, Wakeland EK, Pasare C. IRF1 governs the differential interferon-stimulated gene responses in human monocytes and macrophages by regulating chromatin accessibility. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108891. [PMID: 33761354 PMCID: PMC8300000 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid lineage cells use TLRs to recognize and respond to diverse microbial ligands. Although unique transcription factors dictate the outcome of specific TLR signaling, whether lineage-specific differences exist to further modulate the quality of TLR-induced inflammation remains unclear. Comprehensive analysis of global gene transcription in human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated with various TLR ligands identifies multiple lineage-specific, TLR-responsive gene programs. Monocytes are hyperresponsive to TLR7/8 stimulation that correlates with the higher expression of the receptors. While macrophages and monocytes express similar levels of TLR4, macrophages, but not monocytes, upregulate interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in response to TLR4 stimulation. We find that TLR4 signaling in macrophages uniquely engages transcription factor IRF1, which facilitates the opening of ISG loci for transcription. This study provides a critical mechanistic basis for lineage-specific TLR responses and uncovers IRF1 as a master regulator for the ISG transcriptional program in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Song
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Venkat Malladi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Irene Saha
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Margaret M McDaniel
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chaoying Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jinchun Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Leah C Kottyan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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11
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Raj P, Song R, Zhu H, Riediger L, Jun DJ, Liang C, Arana C, Zhang B, Gao Y, Wakeland BE, Dozmorov I, Zhou J, Kelly JA, Lauwerys BR, Guthridge JM, Olsen NJ, Nath SK, Pasare C, van Oers N, Gilkeson G, Tsao BP, Gaffney PM, Gregersen PK, James JA, Zuo X, Karp DR, Li QZ, Wakeland EK. Deep sequencing reveals a DAP1 regulatory haplotype that potentiates autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Genome Biol 2020; 21:281. [PMID: 33213505 PMCID: PMC7677828 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by the development of anti-nuclear antibodies. Susceptibility to SLE is multifactorial, with a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors contributing to disease development. Like other polygenic diseases, a significant proportion of estimated SLE heritability is not accounted for by common disease alleles analyzed by SNP array-based GWASs. Death-associated protein 1 (DAP1) was implicated as a candidate gene in a previous familial linkage study of SLE and rheumatoid arthritis, but the association has not been explored further. RESULTS We perform deep sequencing across the DAP1 genomic segment in 2032 SLE patients, and healthy controls, and discover a low-frequency functional haplotype strongly associated with SLE risk in multiple ethnicities. We find multiple cis-eQTLs embedded in a risk haplotype that progressively downregulates DAP1 transcription in immune cells. Decreased DAP1 transcription results in reduced DAP1 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocytes, and lymphoblastoid cell lines, leading to enhanced autophagic flux in immune cells expressing the DAP1 risk haplotype. Patients with DAP1 risk allele exhibit significantly higher autoantibody titers and altered expression of the immune system, autophagy, and apoptosis pathway transcripts, indicating that the DAP1 risk allele mediates enhanced autophagy, leading to the survival of autoreactive lymphocytes and increased autoantibody. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate how targeted sequencing captures low-frequency functional risk alleles that are missed by SNP array-based studies. SLE patients with the DAP1 genotype have distinct autoantibody and transcription profiles, supporting the dissection of SLE heterogeneity by genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Ran Song
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Linley Riediger
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Dong-Jae Jun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chaoying Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin E Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jinchun Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Bernard R Lauwerys
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Nancy J Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Medical School, State College, PA, USA
| | - Swapan K Nath
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nicolai van Oers
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Gary Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | | | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - David R Karp
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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12
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Khan S, Moses A, Imam M, Wakeland EK, Arana C, Fattah F, Li QZ, von Itzstein M, Hsieh D, Popat V, Barnes S, Xie Y, Khan S, Gerber D. Longitudinal Immune and Genomic Monitoring Reveals Signatures of Immune-related Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Receiving Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.145.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite the remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, a significant number of patients develop severe and unpredictable immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affecting a wide variety of organs. Concerns over irAE have led to the exclusion of patients with autoimmune disease from ICI clinical trials. Role of host genetic and immune factors in mediating irAEs remain unclear and it is not clear if the manifestations of irAEs is associated with response to therapy. Here, we use multi-faceted approach to characterize changes in host immune system in 200 patients receiving ICI therapy at baseline and post immunotherapy. In addition, we assessed genetic predisposition to autoimmunity using the Illumina SNP array and via targeted resequencing of over 150 immunoregulatory loci including the HLA region. In this meeting, we will present our initial genetic data, serum cytokine and autoantibody profiles and RNA sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and post immunotherapy in patients with and without irAEs. Our preliminary findings suggest that patients who developed irAEs have lower baseline levels and greater post-treatment increases in key interferon gamma inducible cytokine/chemokine levels. Our autoantibody profiling data reveals unique sets of autoantibodies associated with specific irAEs. We will present a comprehensive analysis of immune and genetic correlates of irAEs and response to therapy. We hope our study can help gain insight in to the mechanisms underlying irAE and to identify biomarker signatures predictive of irAEs and/or response. These findings may ultimately help identify high-risk patients, customize therapy, expand use of immunotherapy and prevent toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Xie
- 1UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas
| | - Saad Khan
- 1UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas
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13
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Navarro MD, García AM, Simón NG, López RR, Alvarez MH, Lafuente AA, Mardomingo RS, Marrón HO, Cortés O, Arana C. Biochemical parameters of cardiovascular risk and diabetes in a 9-years old cohort. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Seecharan S, Seecharan S, Genese J, Arana C, Liggett A, Kulsum N, Ahmad R. Fall Risk Associated with Mechanical Lifts in Nursing Homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Song R, Dozmorov I, Wakeland B, Arana C, Liang C, Zhang B, Zhou J, Pasare C, Wakeland EK. Chromatin accessibility modulates the induction of innate immunity in cells of myeloid lineage. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.109.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system play a key role in the recognition of pathogens. TLRs signal through the recruitment of specific adaptor molecules, leading to activation of the transcription factors, such as AP-1, NF-κB and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). Although TLRs are mainly expressed in immune cells, a systematic comparison of immune cells activation programs induced by specific individual TLRs is not yet available. Here, we used whole transcriptome sequencing to evaluate global changes in gene expression on monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) of five human donors before and after 18 hours stimulation through the TLR2, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR7/8 agonists (Pam3CSK4, LPS, R837 and R848). Cluster analysis demonstrated eight distinct clusters of unresponsive or responsive genes by the four TLR agonists in monocytes, MDM and MDDC. TLR7/8 stimulation by R848 led to the most robust cytokine and chemokine transcription in all cell types, especially in monocytes. Interestingly, we found that interferon-stimulated genes were strongly induced only by TLR4 activation in MDM and only by TLR7 and TLR8 activation in monocytes. Unexpectedly, there was no difference of activation of MAPK, NF-κB and IRF by LPS or R848 in these cell types. Surprisingly, we revealed that chromatin accessibility is significantly correlated with genes that are induced by specific TLR agonists on specific cell type(s), using ATAC-seq. Therefore, our results suggest in spite of robust early signal transduction events, factor that regulate chromatin accessibility play a critical role in regulation of inflammatory gene expression by TLR agonists in cells of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Song
- 1Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Zhang
- 1Univ. of Texas Southwestern Med. Ctr
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16
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Arana C, Moreno-Fernández AM, Gómez-Moreno G, Morales-Portillo C, Serrano-Olmedo I, de la Cuesta Mayor MC, Martín Hernández T. Increased salivary oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes: Relation with periodontal disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:258-264. [PMID: 28495321 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in salivary oxidative stress between patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and healthy non-diabetic patients, and whether this oxidative stress is associated with the presence of periodontal disease in diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This observational study included 70 patients divided into three groups according to metabolic control levels: 19 non-diabetic patients (control group); 24 patients with good metabolic control (HbA1c<7%), and 27 patients DM2 with poor metabolic control (HbA1c>7%). The following oxidative stress parameters were measured in all subjects: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Periodontal health was determined by means of the community periodontal index (CPI) recommended by the WHO. RESULTS The diabetic group with good metabolic control showed a significant increase in GPx and GRd activity in comparison with the control group (P<.001). The activity of the enzymes measured was significantly less in patients with poor metabolic control in comparison with the control group and well-controlled diabetic groups (P<.001). Both diabetic groups showed higher GSSG/GSH quotients and CPI in comparison with the control group, and both parameters were significantly higher in diabetic patients with poor metabolic control in comparison with well-controlled diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Poor metabolic control in DM2 patients is associated with higher levels of salivary oxidative stress and worse periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Arana
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España.
| | - Ana María Moreno-Fernández
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - Gerardo Gómez-Moreno
- Departamento de Odontología en Pacientes Especiales, Grupo de Investigación Farmacológica en Odontología CTS-654 de la Junta de Andalucía, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| | | | - Isabel Serrano-Olmedo
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | | | - Tomás Martín Hernández
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
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17
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Simms-Waldrip TR, Sunkersett G, Coughlin LA, Savani MR, Arana C, Kim J, Kim M, Zhan X, Greenberg DE, Xie Y, Davies SM, Koh AY. Antibiotic-Induced Depletion of Anti-inflammatory Clostridia Is Associated with the Development of Graft-versus-Host Disease in Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Patients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:820-829. [PMID: 28192251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cell transplantation (SCT) patients with graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) exhibit significant disruptions in gut microbial communities. These changes are associated with higher overall mortality and appear to be driven by specific antibiotic therapies. It is unclear whether pediatric SCT patients who develop GVHD exhibit similar antibiotic-induced gut microbiota community changes. Here, we show that pediatric SCT patients (from Children's Medical Center Dallas, n = 8, and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, n = 7) who developed GVHD showed a significant decline, up to 10-log fold, in gut anti-inflammatory Clostridia (AIC) compared with those without GVHD. In fact, the development of GVHD is significantly associated with this AIC decline and with cumulative antibiotic exposure, particularly antibiotics effective against anaerobic bacteria (P = .003, Firth logistic regression analysis). Using metagenomic shotgun sequencing analysis, we were able to identify specific commensal bacterial species, including AIC, that were significantly depleted in GVHD patients. We then used a preclinical GVHD model to verify our clinical observations. Clindamycin depleted AIC and exacerbated GVHD in mice, whereas oral AIC supplementation increased gut AIC levels and mitigated GVHD in mice. Together, these data suggest that an antibiotic-induced AIC depletion in the gut microbiota is associated with the development of GVHD in pediatric SCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gauri Sunkersett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Laura A Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Milan R Savani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Center for Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - David E Greenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Stella M Davies
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrew Y Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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18
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Abstract
Patients with hereditary hemostatic disorders, characterized by a tendency to bleeding or thrombosis, constitute a serious challenge in the dental practice. Advances in the medical diagnosis of hemostatic disorders have exposed dental professionals to new patients not amenable to the application of the management protocols associated with other, more well-known, disorders. It is the aim of this paper to review the evidence, to highlight the areas of major concern, and to suggest management regimens for patients with hereditary hemostatic disorders. An extensive review has been made (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, etc.) of literature pertaining to hereditary disorders affecting blood coagulation factors and how they affect the practice of dentistry. Several aspects relating to the care of such patients must be recognized and taken into consideration when dental treatment is planned. Replacement of deficient coagulation factors ensures that safe dental treatment will be carried out. However, the half-life of such coagulation factors requires that dental treatment be specifically planned and adapted to the type of pathology involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Colegio Máximo s/n, Campus de Cartuja, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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19
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Raj P, Rai E, Song R, Khan S, Wakeland BE, Viswanathan K, Arana C, Liang C, Zhang B, Dozmorov I, Carr-Johnson F, Mitrovic M, Wiley GB, Kelly JA, Lauwerys BR, Olsen NJ, Cotsapas C, Garcia CK, Wise CA, Harley JB, Nath SK, James JA, Jacob CO, Tsao BP, Pasare C, Karp DR, Li QZ, Gaffney PM, Wakeland EK. Regulatory polymorphisms modulate the expression of HLA class II molecules and promote autoimmunity. eLife 2016; 5:e12089. [PMID: 26880555 PMCID: PMC4811771 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted sequencing of sixteen SLE risk loci among 1349 Caucasian cases and controls produced a comprehensive dataset of the variations causing susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Two independent disease association signals in the HLA-D region identified two regulatory regions containing 3562 polymorphisms that modified thirty-seven transcription factor binding sites. These extensive functional variations are a new and potent facet of HLA polymorphism. Variations modifying the consensus binding motifs of IRF4 and CTCF in the XL9 regulatory complex modified the transcription of HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 in a chromosome-specific manner, resulting in a 2.5-fold increase in the surface expression of HLA-DR and DQ molecules on dendritic cells with SLE risk genotypes, which increases to over 4-fold after stimulation. Similar analyses of fifteen other SLE risk loci identified 1206 functional variants tightly linked with disease-associated SNPs and demonstrated that common disease alleles contain multiple causal variants modulating multiple immune system genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ekta Rai
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ran Song
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Shaheen Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Benjamin E Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Kasthuribai Viswanathan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Carlos Arana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Chaoying Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ferdicia Carr-Johnson
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mitja Mitrovic
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Graham B Wiley
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Bernard R Lauwerys
- Pole de pathologies rhumatismales, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nancy J Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Medical School, Hershey, United States
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Christine K Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Carol A Wise
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - John B Harley
- Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Swapan K Nath
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Chaim O Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - David R Karp
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Quan Zhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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20
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Arana C, Pérez de León JA, Gómez-Moreno G, Pérez-Cano R, Martín Hernández T. POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin changes) treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report and literature review. Am J Case Rep 2015; 16:124-9. [PMID: 25726020 PMCID: PMC4349133 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.892837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND POEMS syndrome is a rare systemic pathology of paraneoplastic origin that is associated with plasma cell dyscrasia. It is characterized by the presence of sensorimotor polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, skin changes, and other systemic manifestations. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is unknown but over-production of vascular endothelial growth factor is probably responsible for most of the more characteristic symptoms. There is no standard treatment for POEMS syndrome and no randomized controlled clinical trials of treatment exist in the available literature. High-dose melphalan with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be considered for younger patients with widespread osteosclerotic lesions, and for patients with rapidly progressive neuropathy. CASE REPORT This is the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian man who was admitted to our center presenting pretibial edema accompanied by significant weight loss and difficulty walking. POEMS criteria were present and an immunofixation test confirmed the presence of a monoclonal plasmaproliferative disorder. After autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the monoclonal component disappeared and the patient's clinical status improved markedly. CONCLUSIONS Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following high-dose melphalan is an effective therapy for younger patients with widespread osteosclerotic lesions in POEMS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Arana
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Administration Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Gerardo Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, Pharmacological Research in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ramón Pérez-Cano
- Internal Medicine Clinical Administration Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tomás Martín Hernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Administration Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
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López-Ruiz A, Queipo De Llano M, Arana C, Palacios R. Neumonía por Acremonium spp. en un paciente con leucemia mieloide aguda. Rev Clin Esp 2012; 212:326-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gómez-Moreno G, Cutando A, Arana C, Worf CV, Guardia J, Muñoz F, Lopez-Peña M, Stephenson J. The effects of growth hormone on the initial bone formation around implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009; 24:1068-1073. [PMID: 20162111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the topical application of growth hormone on the osseointegration of dental implants in beagle dogs 14 days after placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars were extracted from 12 beagle dogs. Two months later, each mandible received cylindric screw-type implants of 3.25 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length. The implants were randomly assigned to the mesial and distal sites on each side of the mandible. Prior to implantation, lyophilized powdered growth hormone was applied to one osteotomy on each side of the mandible. No growth hormone was applied at the control sites. Eight histologic sections per implant were obtained for histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS After a 2-week treatment period, the growth hormone-treated sites showed significant (P < .0001) increases in the perimeter of bone that was in direct contact with the treated implants (40.19% +/- 2.51%), total peri-implant area (P < .001) (69.57% +/- 3.53%), and new bone formation (P < .0001) (35.18% +/- 0.31%), in comparison to control implants (25.05% +/- 2.43%, 53.40% +/- 4.58%, and 28.65% +/- 1.92%, respectively). There was no significant increase in interthread bone in growth hormone-treated implants (27.92% +/- 3.31%) in comparison to control implants (25.08% +/- 3.47%) (P > .05). CONCLUSION Topical application of growth hormone may act as a bone stimulant in the placement of endosseous dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the topical application of melatonin on osteointegration of dental implants in Beagle dogs 14 days after their insertion. In preparation for subsequent insertion of dental implants, upper and lower premolars and molars were extracted from 12 Beagle dogs. Each mandible received cylindrical screw implants of 3.25 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length. The implants were randomly assigned to the mesial and distal sites on each side of the mandible. Prior to implanting, 1.2 mg lyophylized powdered melatonin was applied to one bone hole at each side of the mandible. None was applied at the control sites. Eight histological sections per implant were obtained for histomorphometric studies. After a 2-wk treatment period, melatonin significantly increased the perimeter of bone that was in direct contact with the treated implants (P < 0.0001), bone density (P < 0.0001), new bone formation (P < 0.0001) and inter-thread bone (P < 0.05) in comparison with control implants. Topical application of melatonin may act as a biomimetic agent in the placement of endo-osseous dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cutando
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It was the purpose of this study to examine the relationship between periodontal diseases and melatonin level. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-six patients with periodontal disease, together with 26 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, were included. Periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Plasma and salivary melatonin levels were determined using specific commercial radioimmunoassays, whereas lymphocyte subpopulations (e.g. CD3, CD4, CD8, C19 and natural killer cells) were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with periodontal disease had significantly (p < 0.001) lower plasma (9.46 +/- 3.18 pg/mL) and saliva (2.55 +/- 0.99 pg/mL) melatonin levels than healthy control patients (14.33 +/- 4.05 and 4.22 +/- 0.87 pg/mL, respectively). A biphasic relationship was observed between plasma melatonin levels and Community Periodontal Indices. The plasma melatonin level was reduced in patients with a lower Community Periodontal Index value (1 or 2) and increased in patients with a higher Community Periodontal Index value (3 or 4). Salivary melatonin parallels the changes of plasma melatonin. The higher the Community Periodontal Index, the older the patient and the higher the total lymphocyte counts. CD4 concentrations also increased as the disease worsened. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study suggest that melatonin could act as a protective function in fighting periodontal infection. However, further studies in this area are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland and other organs. The pattern of melatonin secretion is controlled by an endogenous circadian timing system and conveys information about the light-dark cycle to the organism, thereby organizing its seasonal and circadian rhythms. Melatonin has powerful antioxidant effects, functions in an immunomodulatory role, may protect against certain cancers, delays some age-related processes, stimulates the synthesis of type I collagen fibers, and promotes bone formation. METHODS An extensive review was made (e.g., using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Knowledge) of the literature. RESULTS Melatonin, which is released into the saliva, may have important implications for dental disorders, especially in periodontal disease. Diseases of the periodontium are known to be aggravated by free radicals and by alterations in the immune response to microorganisms that are present in plaque. In response to periodontal inflammation, the blood and salivary levels of melatonin may increase. CONCLUSION Melatonin may play a role in protecting the oral cavity from tissue damage that is due to oxidative stress, and it may contribute to the regeneration of alveolar bone through the stimulation of type I collagen fiber production and the modulation of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cutando
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Kandel RA, Hamilton D, Séguin C, Li SQ, Arana C, Pilliar R. An in vitro tissue model to study the effect of age on nucleus pulposus cells. Eur Spine J 2007; 16:2166-73. [PMID: 17710448 PMCID: PMC2140142 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-007-0467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation between age (physiological) and disease-induced changes in the nucleus pulposus will facilitate our understanding of the mechanism(s) leading to the development of degenerative disc disease. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro model that would allow the study of age-induced alterations of cell function in nucleus pulposus. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were isolated from intervertebral discs obtained from either calves (<9 months) or cows (>18 months). The cells were placed in culture and grown for 19 days. Although nucleus pulposus tissue was formed by the cells of the two different ages the more mature (older) cells formed less tissue as determined histologically by light microscopy. This was confirmed biochemically as the wet weight and proteoglycan content of the tissue formed by the older cells were significantly less than that of the younger tissue. The older cells accumulated less proteoglycans as determined by quantifying radioisotope incorporation. The older cells showed lower constitutive gene expression of collagen type II and aggrecan whereas collagen type I and link protein levels were similar to those of the younger cells. Metalloprotease (MMP) 13 gene and protein expression increased with age. There was no change in the levels of gene expression of MMP 2 and TIMP 1, 2, or 3 with age. Cells obtained from NP tissue harvested from younger or mature animals showed both genotypic and phenotypic differences in vitro that resulted in the inability of the older cells to reconstitute their extracellular matrix to the same extent as the younger cells. This suggests that this in vitro NP tissue model will be suitable to determine the mechanism(s) regulating age-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Kandel
- CIHR-BioEngineering of Skeletal Tissues Team, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Suite 6-500, M5X 1G5, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Cutando A, Arana C, Gómez-Moreno G, Escames G, López A, Ferrera MJ, Reiter RJ, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Local Application of Melatonin Into Alveolar Sockets of Beagle Dogs Reduces Tooth Removal–Induced Oxidative Stress. J Periodontol 2007; 78:576-83. [PMID: 17335383 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory hormone melatonin is secreted by saliva into the oral cavity, where it may protect the mucosal and gingival tissues from radical damage. To date, no studies have addressed the potential beneficial role of melatonin in the acute inflammatory response that follows oral surgical interventions, especially tooth extractions. The aim of this study was to determine whether tooth extraction induces changes in plasma oxidative stress levels, and whether melatonin treatment may counteract these changes. METHODS Maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars of 16 adult Beagle dogs were extracted under general anesthesia. Eight dogs were treated with 2 mg melatonin placed into the alveolar sockets, whereas the other eight dogs received only vehicle. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels were determined in plasma, whereas glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRd) activities were measured in red blood cells before and 24 hours after tooth extraction. RESULTS Removal of the premolars and molars caused a significant rise in plasma LPO and NOx levels and in the erythrocyte GSSG/GSH ratio, whereas melatonin treatment restored the normal values of these parameters. Also, melatonin slightly increased erythrocyte GRd activity without changing GPx activity. CONCLUSION For the first time to our knowledge, the results show that during the immediate postoperative period following tooth extraction, there is a significant increase of oxidative stress, which is counteracted by the administration of melatonin into the alveolar sockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cutando
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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29
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Abstract
Signaling from G protein-coupled receptors to phospholipase C-beta (PLC-beta) is regulated by coordinate interactions among multiple intracellular signaling molecules. Phosphatidic acid (PA), a signaling phospholipid, binds to and stimulates PLC-beta(1) through a mechanism that requires the PLC-beta(1) C-terminal domain. PA also modulates Galpha(q) stimulation of PLC-beta(1). These data suggest that PA may have a key role in the regulation of PLC-beta(1) signaling in cells. The present studies addressed the structural requirements and the mechanism for PA regulation of PLC-beta(1). We used a combination of enzymatic assays, PA-binding assays, and circular dichroism spectroscopy to evaluate the interaction of PA with wild-type and mutant PLC-beta(1) proteins and with fragments of the Galpha(q) binding domain. The results identify a region that includes the alphaA helix and flexible loop of the Galpha(q)-binding domain as necessary for PA regulation. A mutant PLC-beta(1) with multiple alanine/glycine replacements for residues (944)LIKEHTTKYNEIQN(957) was markedly impaired in PA regulation. The high affinity and low affinity component of PA stimulation was reduced 70% and PA binding was reduced 45% in this mutant. Relative PLC stimulation by PA increased with PLC-beta(1) concentration in a manner suggesting cooperative binding to PA. Similar concentration dependence was observed in the PLC-beta(1) mutant. These data are consistent with a model for PA regulation of PLC-beta(1) that involves cooperative interactions, probably PLC homodimerization, that require the flexible loop region, as is consistent with the dimeric structure of the Galpha(q)-binding domain. PA regulation of PLC-beta(1) requires unique residues that are not required for Galpha(q) stimulation or GTPase-activating protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott M Ross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA
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Arana C, Cutando A, Ferrera MJ, Gómez-Moreno G, Worf CV, Bolaños MJ, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Parameters of oxidative stress in saliva from diabetic and parenteral drug addict patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2006; 35:554-9. [PMID: 16968236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2006.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress constitutes the basis for many diseases and it may account for the severity of systemic and oral disease complications. The aim of this study was to assess whether saliva may be used to detect the body's oxidative stress level. METHODS Oxidative stress was determined in saliva from 14 diabetic patients and 10 heroin addicts; two different pathologic conditions related to free radical damage, and 21 healthy control subjects were included in the study. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRd) activities, and glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels were analyzed in the saliva of all individuals. Other variables including salivary volume and the oral status were also analyzed. RESULTS Diabetic patients had GPx and GRd activities of 39.98 +/- 1.61 and 6.19 +/- 0.61 nmol/min/mg prot, respectively. These values were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those obtained in control saliva (27.51 +/- 0.86 and 3.44 +/- 0.25 nmol/min/mg prot, respectively). Drug addicts showed significantly (P < 0.001) lower salivary GPx and GRd activities than controls. Both group of patients had significantly lower levels of GSH and higher of GSSG than controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Changes in the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels in saliva from two different pathologic situations as those here studied suggest that this biologic fluid may be suitable for determining the prognosis and evolution of these diseases and its oral manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Arana
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, and Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Cutando A, Galindo P, Gómez-Moreno G, Arana C, Bolaños J, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Wang HL. Relationship Between Salivary Melatonin and Severity of Periodontal Disease. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1533-8. [PMID: 16945031 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin possesses antioxidant, free-radical scavenging, and immunoenhancing properties that promote fibroblast activity and bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the possible links between salivary melatonin levels and the severity of periodontal disease using the community periodontal index (CPI). METHODS Thirty-seven patients with different degrees of periodontal disease were studied. Salivary and plasma melatonin levels (by radioimmunoassay), salivary/plasma melatonin ratio, and CPI status were collected for each patient. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze relationships among variables. RESULTS Data showed a significant correlation between CPI and salivary/plasma melatonin ratios. When saliva volume was controlled for, a significant correlation (P<0.05) was found between lower salivary melatonin and a worse CPI. This finding suggests that melatonin may act as a protector against free radicals produced by inflammatory periodontal diseases. CONCLUSIONS Salivary melatonin levels varied according to the degree of periodontal disease. As the degree of periodontal disease increased, the salivary melatonin level decreased, indicating that melatonin may act to protect the body from external bacterial insults. Therefore, melatonin may be potentially valuable in the treatment of periodontal diseases, although further research is required to validate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cutando
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Faria PA, Chakraborty P, Levay A, Barber GN, Ezelle HJ, Enninga J, Arana C, van Deursen J, Fontoura BMA. VSV disrupts the Rae1/mrnp41 mRNA nuclear export pathway. Mol Cell 2005; 17:93-102. [PMID: 15629720 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2004] [Revised: 09/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interference with nucleocytoplasmic transport is a strategy employed by certain viruses to compromise host cellular function. While it has been shown that the matrix (M) protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) inhibits nuclear export of host cell mRNAs, the underlying mechanism has not been fully established. Here we show that VSV M protein binds the mRNA export factor Rae1/mrnp41. A mutant of M protein defective in Rae1 binding is unable to inhibit mRNA nuclear export. We further show that increased expression of Rae1 fully reverts the inhibition of mRNA export induced by M protein or following virus infection. We found that Rae1 is induced by interferon-gamma, a cytokine that plays a critical role in the immune response to viruses, such as VSV. Thus, these results demonstrate that VSV M protein blocks mRNA export by disrupting Rae1 function, which can be reverted by induction of Rae1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Faria
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Arana C, Yan S, Keshavarz-K. M, Potts KT, Abruna HD. Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide with iron, cobalt, and nickel complexes of terdentate ligands. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00043a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
A double-pulse stereo photogrammetry technique has been developed for the dynamic assessment of the leaflet deformation of bioprosthetic heart valves under simulated physiological conditions. By using a specially designed triggering technique, which takes the advantage of the field transfer mechanisms of the charge coupled device camera, two consecutive images separated by a time interval as short as 5 ms were captured. This made it possible to investigate the realistic leaflet deformation during the valve opening and closing processes which typically last 25-45 ms. This technique was applied to assess a newly developed pericardial valve leaflet in a physiological pulse flow loop. Quantitative leaflet deformations of the valve opening and closing were generated from sequences of digital images. The results can later be applied to finite element analysis of bioprosthetic heart valve leaflet stress and strain during a complete cardiac cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Z Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
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Szczesna D, Ghosh D, Li Q, Gomes AV, Guzman G, Arana C, Zhi G, Stull JT, Potter JD. Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in the regulatory light chains of myosin affect their structure, Ca2+ binding, and phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:7086-92. [PMID: 11102452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009823200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations, A13T, F18L, E22K, R58Q, and P95A, found in the regulatory light chains of human cardiac myosin has been investigated. The results demonstrate that E22K and R58Q, located in the immediate extension of the helices flanking the regulatory light chain Ca(2+) binding site, had dramatically altered Ca(2+) binding properties. The K(Ca) value for E22K was decreased by approximately 17-fold compared with the wild-type light chain, and the R58Q mutant did not bind Ca(2+). Interestingly, Ca(2+) binding to the R58Q mutant was restored upon phosphorylation, whereas the E22K mutant could not be phosphorylated. In addition, the alpha-helical content of phosphorylated R58Q greatly increased with Ca(2+) binding. The A13T mutation, located near the phosphorylation site (Ser-15) of the human cardiac regulatory light chain, had 3-fold lower K(Ca) than wild-type light chain, whereas phosphorylation of this mutant increased the Ca(2+) affinity 6-fold. Whereas phosphorylation of wild-type light chain decreased its Ca(2+) affinity, the opposite was true for A13T. The alpha-helical content of the A13T mutant returned to the level of wild-type light chain upon phosphorylation. The phosphorylation and Ca(2+) binding properties of the regulatory light chain of human cardiac myosin are important for physiological function, and alteration any of these could contribute to the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Szczesna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
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García MV, Viciana I, Arana C, Clavijo E, Sánchez MA, Guerrero JM, Pinedo A. [Acute bacterial meningitis by Pasteurella multocida secondary to left otitis media]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1998; 16:347. [PMID: 9808891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Santos J, Arana C, Rivero A, García-Bravender R. [Histoplasmosis and AIDS]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1997; 15:229-30. [PMID: 9312291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Arana C, Keshavarz M, Potts K, Abruña H. Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 and O2 with electropolymerized films of vinyl-terpyridine complexes of Fe, Ni and Co. Inorganica Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(94)04059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Santos J, Fernández A, Arana C, Falces A, Márquez M, Rivero A. [Bacteremia and recurrent arthritis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes in a heroin addict with AIDS]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1994; 12:390-2. [PMID: 7981290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus pyogenes is a bacteria which, at present, is seldom isolated in blood and articular fluid. An intravenous drug addict with human immunodeficiency virus infection, with bacteremia and arthritis by S. pyogenes, associated with tuberculosis is presented. METHODS Blood and articular fluid cultures were collected in the usual and Löwenstein-Jensen media. RESULTS The patient improved with penicillin and tuberculostatic drugs. Nine months after this episode, the patient reinitiated intravenous drug addiction, and developed another presentation of bacteremia and arthritis by S. pyogenes. CONCLUSIONS Heroin addict patients constitute a risk group for bacteremias ans severe infections by S. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Santos
- Unidad de Infecciosos, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga
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Clavijo E, del Río S, Sánchez MA, Arana C, Rosales M. [Parasitological findings in pleural fluid]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1991; 9:507-8. [PMID: 1805955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Clavijo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga
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Arana C, Perlasca E. [Evaluation of the cerclage technic in cervical isthmic insufficiency]. Ginecol Obstet Mex 1974; 35:129-33. [PMID: 4828885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Perlasca E, Arana C, Rueda A. [Our experience with the Williams-Richardson operation]. Ginecol Obstet Mex 1973; 33:385-8. [PMID: 4711213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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