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Valverde-López F, Librero-Jiménez M, Fernández-García R, Vezza T, Heredia-Carrasco C, López de Hierro Ruiz M, Galvez J, Jiménez-Rosales R, Redondo-Cerezo E. Impact of an Evidence-Based Prioritization System and Electronic Consultation in Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:194. [PMID: 38255082 PMCID: PMC10815471 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer. Timely diagnosis is critical, with even minor delays impacting prognosis. Primary care providers face obstacles in accessing specialist care. This study investigates the impact of implementing an electronic consultation (eConsult) system combined with a specific prioritization system on CRC diagnosis delay and tumor staging. (2) Methods: The study analyzes 245 CRC patients from November 2019 to February 2022, comparing those referred before and after the eConsult system's implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on referral reasons, pathways, diagnosis delays, and staging were collected. Multivariate analysis aimed to identify independent risk factors for advanced staging at diagnosis. (3) Results: The eConsult system significantly reduced CRC diagnosis delay from 68 to 26 days. The majority of patients referred via eConsult presented with symptoms. Despite expedited diagnoses, no discernible difference in CRC staging emerged between eConsult and traditional referrals. Notably, patients from screening programs or with a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) experienced earlier-stage diagnoses. A positive FIT without symptoms and being a never-smoker emerged as protective factors against advanced-stage CRC. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights eConsult's role in reducing CRC diagnosis delay, improving diagnostic efficiency and prioritizing urgent cases, emphasizing FIT effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Valverde-López
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.V.-L.); (M.L.-J.); (R.F.-G.); (T.V.); (C.H.-C.); (M.L.d.H.R.); (E.R.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Librero-Jiménez
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.V.-L.); (M.L.-J.); (R.F.-G.); (T.V.); (C.H.-C.); (M.L.d.H.R.); (E.R.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Motril, 18600 Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl Fernández-García
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.V.-L.); (M.L.-J.); (R.F.-G.); (T.V.); (C.H.-C.); (M.L.d.H.R.); (E.R.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Teresa Vezza
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.V.-L.); (M.L.-J.); (R.F.-G.); (T.V.); (C.H.-C.); (M.L.d.H.R.); (E.R.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Clara Heredia-Carrasco
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.V.-L.); (M.L.-J.); (R.F.-G.); (T.V.); (C.H.-C.); (M.L.d.H.R.); (E.R.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mercedes López de Hierro Ruiz
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.V.-L.); (M.L.-J.); (R.F.-G.); (T.V.); (C.H.-C.); (M.L.d.H.R.); (E.R.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Galvez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Rita Jiménez-Rosales
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.V.-L.); (M.L.-J.); (R.F.-G.); (T.V.); (C.H.-C.); (M.L.d.H.R.); (E.R.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Redondo-Cerezo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain; (F.V.-L.); (M.L.-J.); (R.F.-G.); (T.V.); (C.H.-C.); (M.L.d.H.R.); (E.R.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Garrido-Mesa J, Adams K, Galvez J, Garrido-Mesa N. Repurposing tetracyclines for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and severe COVID-19: A critical discussion of recent publications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:475-482. [PMID: 35294307 PMCID: PMC9115781 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2054325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Drug repurposing can be a successful approach to deal with the scarcity of cost-effective therapies in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Tetracyclines have previously shown efficacy in preclinical acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) models and initial predictions and experimental reports suggest a direct antiviral activity against SARS-CoV2. Furthermore, a few clinical reports indicate their potential in COVID-19 patients. In addition to the scarcity and limitations of the scientific evidence, the effectiveness of tetracyclines in experimental ARDS has been proven extensively, counteracting the overt inflammatory reaction and fibrosis sequelae due to a synergic combination of pharmacological activities. Areas covered This paper discusses the scientific evidence behind the application of tetracyclines for ARDS/COVID-19. Expert Opinion The benefits of their multi-target pharmacology and their safety profile overcome the limitations, such as antibiotic activity and low commercial interest. Immunomodulatory tetracyclines and novel chemically modified non-antibiotic tetracyclines have therapeutic potential. Further drug repurposing studies in ARDS and severe COVID-19 are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Garrido-Mesa
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Kate Adams
- Department of Bioscience, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, AND Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Garrido-Mesa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry. Kingston University, London, UK
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Tijani RO, Molina-Tijeras JA, Vezza T, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Segura-Carretero A, Abiodun OO, Galvez J. Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv improves insulin sensitivity in high fat diet-induced obese mice by reducing inflammatory pathways activation. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114651. [PMID: 34537282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome is currently recognized as the major cause of morbidity, with dramatic complications on life expectancy and health status. Myrianthus arboreus is a medicinal plant traditionally used in local communities as a safe remedy in treating diabetes and other metabolic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the impact of a methanol extract of Myrianthus arboreus leaf (MAL) in a mice model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following groups: control, obese control, and obese treated with MAL extract (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Control mice received a standard chow diet, while all obese mice were fed with HFD. Animal weight and food consumption were periodically measured. At the end of the treatment, fasting blood glucose and metabolic plasma analysis (insulin level, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC)) were performed. The HFD-induced inflammatory status and the expression of several obesity-related markers were evaluated in liver and fat using qPCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, the phytochemical composition of MAL was identified by GC-MS and HPLC-MS. RESULTS MAL administration significantly reduced body weight gain, basal glycemia, and insulin resistance, and improved plasma lipid profile compared with HFD-fed mice. Similarly, this extract improved the HFD-associated inflammatory status in mice by gene expression modulation of different inflammatory markers involved in this experimentally induced metabolic condition. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the novel applicability of MAL, thus suggesting it as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasidat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ojere, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Jose Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Oyindamola O Abiodun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
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Lopez-Perez D, Redruello-Romero A, Garcia-Rubio J, Arana C, Garcia-Escudero LA, Tamayo F, Salmeron J, Galvez J, Leon J, Carazo Á. In Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Mast Cells in Omental Adipose Tissue Decrease the Surface Expression of CD45, CD117, CD203c, and FcϵRI. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:818388. [PMID: 35370964 PMCID: PMC8965342 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.818388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of mast cells in type 2 diabetes is changing. Although they were first considered deleterious inflammatory cells, now they seem to be important players driving adipose tissue homeostasis. Here we have employed a flow cytometry-based approach for measuring the surface expression of 4 proteins (CD45, CD117, CD203c, and FcϵRI) on mast cells of omental (o-WAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (s-WAT) in a cohort of 96 patients with morbid obesity. The cohort was split into three groups: non-T2D, pre-T2D, and T2D. Noteworthy, patients with T2D have a mild condition (HbA1c <7%). In o-WAT, mast cells of patients with T2D have a decrease in the surface expression of CD45 (p=0.0013), CD117 (p=0.0066), CD203c (p=0.0025), and FcϵRI (p=0.043). Besides, in s-WAT, the decrease was seen only in CD117 (p=0.046). These results indicate that T2D affects more to mast cells in o-WAT than in s-WAT. The decrease in these four proteins has serious effects on mast cell function. CD117 is critical for mast cell survival, while CD45 and FcϵRI are important for mast cell activation. Additionally, CD203c is only present on the cell surface after granule release. Taking together these observations, we suggest that mast cells in o-WAT of patients with T2D have a decreased survival, activation capacity, and secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Anaïs Redruello-Romero
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Arana
- Endocrinology and nutrition department, Virgen de la Luz University Hospital, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Luis A. Garcia-Escudero
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Salmeron
- Gastroenterology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red para Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Julio Galvez, ; Ángel Carazo,
| | - Josefa Leon
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Julio Galvez, ; Ángel Carazo,
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Gentili M, Hidalgo-Garcia L, Vezza T, Ricci E, Migliorati G, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Riccardi C, Galvez J, Ronchetti S. A recombinant glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein ameliorates symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by improving intestinal permeability. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21950. [PMID: 34613638 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100778rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by relapsing intestinal inflammation, but many details of pathogenesis remain to be fully unraveled. Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is a mediator of the anti-inflammatory effects of GCs, the most powerful drugs for IBD treatment, but they cause several unwanted side effects. The fusion protein TAT-GILZ has been successfully used in some pre-clinical models of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To test the efficacy of TAT-GILZ for treating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and explore its impact on the gut microbiome, colitis was induced by DSS in C57BL/6J mice and treated with TAT-GILZ or dexamethasone. Various hallmarks of colitis were analyzed, including disease activity index, gut permeability, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins. TAT-GILZ treatment showed a therapeutic effect when administered after the onset of colitis. Its efficacy was associated with improved gut permeability, as evidenced by zonula occludens-1 and CD74 upregulation in inflamed colonic tissue. TAT-GILZ also ameliorated the changes in the gut microbiota induced by the DSS, thus potentially providing an optimal environment for colonization of the mucosa surface by beneficial bacteria. Overall, our results demonstrated for the first time that TAT-GILZ treatment proved effective after disease onset allowing restoration of gut permeability, a key pathogenic feature of colitis. Additionally, TAT-GILZ restored gut dysbiosis, thereby contributing to healing mechanisms. Interestingly, we found unprecedented effects of exogenous GILZ that did not overlap with those of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gentili
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Hidalgo-Garcia
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Erika Ricci
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Lopez-Perez D, Redruello-Romero A, Garcia-Rubio J, Arana C, Garcia-Escudero LA, Tamayo F, Puentes-Pardo JD, Moreno-SanJuan S, Salmeron J, Blanco A, Galvez J, Leon J, Carazo Á. In Patients With Obesity, the Number of Adipose Tissue Mast Cells Is Significantly Lower in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664576. [PMID: 34093556 PMCID: PMC8177010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a rising global health problem mainly caused by obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. In healthy individuals, white adipose tissue (WAT) has a relevant homeostatic role in glucose metabolism, energy storage, and endocrine signaling. Mast cells contribute to these functions promoting WAT angiogenesis and adipogenesis. In patients with T2D, inflammation dramatically impacts WAT functioning, which results in the recruitment of several leukocytes, including monocytes, that enhance this inflammation. Accordingly, the macrophages population rises as the WAT inflammation increases during the T2D status worsening. Since mast cell progenitors cannot arrive at WAT, the amount of WAT mast cells depends on how the new microenvironment affects progenitor and differentiated mast cells. Here, we employed a flow cytometry-based approach to analyze the number of mast cells from omental white adipose tissue (o-WAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (s-WAT) in a cohort of 100 patients with obesity. Additionally, we measured the number of mast cell progenitors in a subcohort of 15 patients. The cohort was divided in three groups: non-T2D, pre-T2D, and T2D. Importantly, patients with T2D have a mild condition (HbA1c <7%). The number of mast cells and mast cell progenitors was lower in patients with T2D in both o-WAT and s-WAT in comparison to subjects from the pre-T2D and non-T2D groups. In the case of mast cells in o-WAT, there were statistically significant differences between non-T2D and T2D groups (p = 0.0031), together with pre-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.0097). However, in s-WAT, the differences are only between non-T2D and T2D groups (p=0.047). These differences have been obtained with patients with a mild T2D condition. Therefore, little changes in T2D status have a huge impact on the number of mast cells in WAT, especially in o-WAT. Due to the importance of mast cells in WAT physiology, their decrease can reduce the capacity of WAT, especially o-WAT, to store lipids and cause hypoxic cell deaths that will trigger inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Anaïs Redruello-Romero
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Arana
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Garcia-Escudero
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Jose D Puentes-Pardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-SanJuan
- Cytometry and Microscopy Research Service, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Salmeron
- Gastroenterology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Armando Blanco
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red para Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa Leon
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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7
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Sinisgalli C, Vezza T, Diez-Echave P, Ostuni A, Faraone I, Hidalgo-Garcia L, Russo D, Armentano MF, Garrido-Mesa J, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Milella L, Galvez J. The Beneficial Effects of Red Sun-Dried Capsicum annuum L. Cv Senise Extract with Antioxidant Properties in Experimental Obesity are Associated with Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000812. [PMID: 33300660 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Capsicum annuum L. cv Senise is a sweet pepper containing health promoting compounds that can be modified by ripening and drying. This study focuses on finding the peppers with the best antioxidant properties, which are evaluated on an experimental model of obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity are evaluated on several peppers obtained from the same cultivar at different ripening stages. Red sweet peppers show the highest content in polyphenols, β-carotene, lycopene, and capsinoids, and demonstrate the best antioxidant activity in vitro. Mice fed a high fat diet are orally treated with an extract from these peppers (Capsicum annuum extract [CAE]) (1, 10, and 25 mg/kg/day). It promotes weight loss and improves plasma markers related to glucose and lipid metabolisms. CAE also ameliorates obesity-associated systemic inflammation reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in adipose and hepatic tissues and improving the expression of different markers involved in the gut epithelial barrier function. These effects are associated with a modulation of the intestinal microbiome, which appears altered. CONCLUSIONS The extract can be considered a new potential approach for the treatment of obesity, complementary to dietary restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sinisgalli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, 85100, Italy
- Spinoff BioActiPlant S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Potenza, 85100, Italy
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Patricia Diez-Echave
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, 85100, Italy
- Spinoff BioActiPlant S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Potenza, 85100, Italy
| | - Immacolata Faraone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, 85100, Italy
- Spinoff BioActiPlant S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Potenza, 85100, Italy
| | - Laura Hidalgo-Garcia
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, 85100, Italy
- Spinoff BioActiPlant S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Potenza, 85100, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Armentano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, 85100, Italy
- Spinoff BioActiPlant S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Potenza, 85100, Italy
| | - José Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18014, Spain
- Digestive Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, 85100, Italy
- Spinoff BioActiPlant S.R.L, University of Basilicata, Potenza, 85100, Italy
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18014, Spain
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Frias-Toral E, Alvarez L, Salcedo D, Mateus M, Galvez J, Fonseca D. Nutritional status and frailty in community-dwelling older adults of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nascimento RDPD, Machado APDF, Galvez J, Cazarin CBB, Maróstica Junior MR. Ulcerative colitis: Gut microbiota, immunopathogenesis and application of natural products in animal models. Life Sci 2020; 258:118129. [PMID: 32717271 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with increasing incidence in the world, especially in developing countries. Although knowledge of its pathogenesis has progressed over the last years, some details require clarification. Studies have highlighted the role of microbial dysbiosis and immune dysfunction as essential factors that may initiate the typical high-grade inflammatory outcome. In order to better understand the immunopathophysiological aspects of UC, experimental murine models are valuable tools. Some of the most commonly used chemicals to induce colitis are trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, oxazolone and dextran sodium sulfate. These may also be used to investigate new ways of preventing or treating UC and therefore improving targeting in human studies. The use of functional foods or bioactive compounds from plants may constitute an innovative direction towards the future of alternative medicine. Considering the above, this review focused on updated information regarding the 1. gut microbiota and immunopathogenesis of UC; 2. the most utilized animal models of the disease and their relevance; and 3. experimental application of natural products, not yet tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Paula do Nascimento
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula da Fonseca Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Galvez
- Universidad de Granada (UGR), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Farmacología, 18071 Andaluzia, Granada, Spain.
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mario Roberto Maróstica Junior
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kush R, Warzel D, Kush M, Sherman A, Navarro E, Fitzmartin R, Pétavy F, Galvez J, Becnel L, Zhou F, Harmon N, Jauregui B, Jackson T, Hudson L. FAIR data sharing: The roles of common data elements and harmonization. J Biomed Inform 2020; 107:103421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Moron R, Galvez J, Colmenero M, Anderson P, Cabeza J, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME. The Importance of the Microbiome in Critically Ill Patients: Role of Nutrition. Nutrients 2019; 11:E3002. [PMID: 31817895 PMCID: PMC6950228 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients have an alteration in the microbiome in which it becomes a disease-promoting pathobiome. It is characterized by lower bacterial diversity, loss of commensal phyla, like Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and a domination of pathogens belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum. Although these alterations are multicausal, many of the treatments administered to these patients, like antibiotics, play a significant role. Critically ill patients also have a hyperpermeable gut barrier and dysregulation of the inflammatory response that favor the development of the pathobiome, translocation of pathogens, and facilitate the emergence of sepsis. In order to restore the homeostasis of the microbiome, several nutritional strategies have been evaluated with the aim to improve the management of critically ill patients. Importantly, enteral nutrition has proven to be more efficient in promoting the homeostasis of the gut microbiome compared to parenteral nutrition. Several nutritional therapies, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are currently being used, showing variable results, possibly due to the unevenness of clinical trial conditions and the fact that the beneficial effects of probiotics are specific to particular species or even strains. Thus, it is of great importance to better understand the mechanisms by which nutrition and supplement therapies can heal the microbiome in critically ill patients in order to finally implement them in clinical practice with optimal safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Moron
- Servicio Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016-Granada, Spain; (R.M.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
| | - Julio Galvez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBER-ehd, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Colmenero
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitaro Clinico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Per Anderson
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunologia, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - José Cabeza
- Servicio Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, 18016-Granada, Spain; (R.M.); (J.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
| | - Maria Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain; (M.C.); (P.A.); (M.E.R.-C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBER-ehd, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Rivera Caravaca JM, Esteve-Pastor MA, Vilchez JA, Galvez J, Vicente V, Marin F, Roldan V, Lip GYH. P3850Refining stroke and bleeding risk prediction by adding consecutive biomarkers to CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Rivera Caravaca
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBER-CV, Department of Cardiology, Murcia, Spain
| | - M A Esteve-Pastor
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBER-CV, Department of Cardiology, Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Vilchez
- Hospital General Universitario de Santa Lucia, Department of Clinical Analysis, Cartagena, Spain
| | - J Galvez
- Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Murcia, Spain
| | - V Vicente
- Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Murcia, Spain
| | - F Marin
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBER-CV, Department of Cardiology, Murcia, Spain
| | - V Roldan
- Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, Department of Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Murcia, Spain
| | - G Y H Lip
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Hidalgo-Garcia L, Galvez J, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Anderson PO. Can a Conversation Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Macrophages Solve the Crisis in the Inflamed Intestine? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:179. [PMID: 29559912 PMCID: PMC5845680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by an exacerbated mucosal immune response. Macrophages play pivotal roles in the maintenance of gut homeostasis but they are also implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. They are highly plastic cells and their activation state depends on the local environment. In the healthy intestine, resident macrophages display an M2 phenotype characterized by inflammatory energy, while inflammatory M1 macrophages dominate in the inflamed intestinal mucosa. In this regard, modifying the balance of macrophage populations into an M2 phenotype has emerged as a new therapeutic approach in IBD. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a promising cell-therapy for the treatment of IBD, considering their immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative potential. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that MSCs can induce immunomodulatory macrophages and have demonstrated that their therapeutic efficacy in experimental colitis is mediated by macrophages with an M2-like phenotype. However, some issues have not been clarified yet, including the importance of MSC homing to the inflamed colon and/or lymphoid organs, their optimal route of administration or whether they are effective as living or dead cells. In contrast, the mechanisms behind the effect of MSCs in human IBD are not known and more data are needed regarding the effect of MSCs on macrophage polarization that would support the observation reported in the experimental models. Nevertheless, MSCs have emerged as a novel method to treat IBD that has already been proven safe and with clinical benefits that could be administered in combination with the currently used pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hidalgo-Garcia
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), CIBER-EHD, ibs.Granada, Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), CIBER-EHD, ibs.Granada, Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), CIBER-EHD, ibs.Granada, Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Per O Anderson
- Stromal Cells and Immunology Group, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government Centre of Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
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14
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Sanchez-Gonzalez C, Moreno L, Lopez-Chaves C, Nebot E, Pietschmann P, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Galvez J, Montes-Bayon M, Sanz-Medel A, Llopis J. Effect of vanadium on calcium homeostasis, osteopontin mRNA expression, and bone microarchitecture in diabetic rats. Metallomics 2017; 9:258-267. [PMID: 28194470 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00272b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether alterations caused by diabetes in calcium homeostasis, expression of osteopontin and the microarchitecture of bone are corrected by exposure to vanadium. Four study groups were examined over a period of five weeks: control (C), diabetic (DM), diabetic treated with 1 mg V per d (DMV), and diabetic treated with 3 mg V per d (DMVH). Vanadium was supplied in drinking water as bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(iv). Calcium was measured in the food, faeces, urine, serum, kidneys, liver, muscles, and femur. Osteopontin gene expression was determined in the liver, and the bone microarchitecture was studied with the aid of micro-computed tomography. In the DM group, food intake as well as calcium absorbed and retained and liver osteopontin mRNA increased, while Ca in the serum and femur decreased, and the bone microarchitecture worsened, in comparison with the control. In the DMV group, the amount of Ca absorbed and retained was similar to DM rats. Although the Ca content in the femur increased and osteopontin mRNA decreased, there were no significant changes in the bone microarchitecture, in comparison to the DM rats. In the DMVH group, the amount of Ca absorbed and retained, and the serum and femur content were equivalent to the control. The levels of osteopontin mRNA decreased and bone mineralization improved, compared to the DM group. We conclude that treatment with 3 mg V per d of the glucose lowering agent bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(iv) causes a decrease in osteopontin mRNA, which could favour the normalization of changes in Ca homeostasis and bone microarchitecture, both at the cortical and trabecular levels, caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sanchez-Gonzalez
- CIBM, IMUDS, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Laura Moreno
- CIBM, IMUDS, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Carlos Lopez-Chaves
- CIBM, IMUDS, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Elena Nebot
- CIBM, IMUDS, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. and Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Julio Galvez
- CIBERehd, Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Montes-Bayon
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Sanz-Medel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Juan Llopis
- CIBM, IMUDS, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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15
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Díaz-de-Cerio E, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Romero M, Verardo V, Segura-Carretero A, Duarte J, Galvez J. The hypoglycemic effects of guava leaf ( Psidium guajava L.) extract are associated with improving endothelial dysfunction in mice with diet-induced obesity. Food Res Int 2017; 96:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Abiodun OO, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Gomez-Caravaca AM, Segura-Carretero A, Utrilla MP, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Galvez J. Antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of an ethanolic extract from the stem bark of Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae): In vitro and in vivo evidences. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 192:309-319. [PMID: 27452660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMOCOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia catappa Linn (Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal and antioxidant properties, frequently found in tropical regions. Considering its characteristics, it could be useful for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, which is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and an immune dysfunction. Thus this study evaluates the immunomodulatory properties and the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of an ethanolic extract of the stem bark of T. catappa (ETCB) both in vitro (in RAW 264.7 macrophages) and in vivo, in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phenolic compounds in ETCB were identified and quantified using HPLC-DAD-qTOF-MS. The immunomodulatory activity ETCB was tested in vitro by determining the macrophage production of IL-1β and nitrites. In vivo studies were performed in the TNBS model of rat colitis. ETCB was given (25, 50 and 100mg/kg/day) orally for two days prior to colitis induction and thereafter for 7 days. Response to treatment was assessed by scoring the gross appearance of the colon, and determining myeloperoxidase activity, gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-23 and IL-6, chemokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase and proteins crucial in the maintenance of the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity like mucins (MUC-2, MUC-3) and villin. RESULTS ETCB was able to inhibit IL-1β and nitrite production in vitro in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, treatment of TNBS colitic rats with ETCB resulted in a decreased colonic damage score and weight/length ratio. It also reduced the colonic neutrophil infiltration indicated by a lower myeloperoxidase activity and prevented the depletion of colonic glutathione levels in colitic rats. In addition, treatment with ETCB down-regulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-23, IL-6 and CINC-1) and iNOS in colitic rats. Moreover, the gene expression of mucosal barrier proteins like MUC-2, MUC-3 and villin were up-regulated in colitic rats treated with ETCB. The dose of ETCB that produced the most significant beneficial effect was 100mg/kg. Regarding the chemical composition of ETCB, 31 phenolic compounds were identified, including ellagic acid, catalagin and gallic acid. CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of ETCB in the TNBS induced colitis in rats could be related to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, which could be attributed to the phenolic compounds identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyindamola O Abiodun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Gomez-Caravaca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Centre for Functional Food (CIDAF), Health-Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Centre for Functional Food (CIDAF), Health-Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - M Pilar Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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17
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Algieri F, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Vezza T, Garrido-Mesa J, Garrido-Mesa N, Utrilla MP, González-Tejero MR, Casares-Porcel M, Molero-Mesa J, Del Mar Contreras M, Segura-Carretero A, Pérez-Palacio J, Diaz C, Vergara N, Vicente F, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Galvez J. Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Lavandula dentata L. and Lavandula stoechas L. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 190:142-158. [PMID: 27269390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants from genus Lavandula have been used as anti-inflammatory drugs in Mediterranean traditional medicine. Nowadays, there is a growing interest for complementary medicine, including herbal remedies, to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM OF THE STUDY To test the anti-inflammatory properties of Lavandula dentata and Lavandula stoechas extracts in two inflammatory experimental models: TNBS model of rat colitis and the carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, in order to mimic the intestinal conditions and the extra-intestinal manifestations of human IBD, respectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS The extracts were characterized through the qualitative HPLC analysis. Then, they were assayed in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies were performed in BMDMs and CMT-93 epithelial cells with different concentrations of the extracts (ranging from 0.1 to 100µg/ml). The extracts were tested in vivo in the TNBS model of rat colitis (10 and 25mg/kg) and in the carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice (10, 25 and 100mg/kg). RESULTS L. dentata and L. stoechas extracts displayed immunomodulatory properties in vitro down-regulating different mediators of inflammation like cytokines and nitric oxide. They also showed anti-inflammatory effects in the TNBS model of colitis as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase activity and increased total glutathione content, indicating a decrease of neutrophil infiltration and an improvement of the oxidative state. Besides, both extracts modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and ameliorated the altered epithelial barrier function. They also displayed anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice, since a significant reduction of the paw thickness was observed. This was associated with a down-regulation of the expression of different inducible enzymes like MMP-9, iNOS and COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, all involved in the maintenance of the inflammatory condition. CONCLUSION L. dentata and L. stoechas extracts showed intestinal anti-inflammatory effect, confirming their potential use as herbal remedies in gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, their anti-inflammatory effect was also observed in other locations, thus suggesting a possible use for the treatment of the extra-intestinal symptoms of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, IBS.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, IBS.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, IBS.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, IBS.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, IBS.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Pilar Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, IBS.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maria Del Mar Contreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Centre for Functional Food (CIDAF), Health-Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development Centre for Functional Food (CIDAF), Health-Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Palacio
- Fundación Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía (MEDINA), Granada, Spain
| | - Caridad Diaz
- Fundación Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía (MEDINA), Granada, Spain
| | - Noemí Vergara
- Fundación Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía (MEDINA), Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía (MEDINA), Granada, Spain
| | - M Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, IBS.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, IBS.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Crespo E, Gómez S, Palacios V, Galvez J, Tenías JM, Cano I, Peñuela R, Arcas A, Crespo R. Long-term results after treatment of pertrochanteric femoral fractures with percutaneous compression plate (PCCP). Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2016; 26:613-7. [PMID: 27352073 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-016-1805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate the long-term osteosynthesis results for AO/OTA 31.A1-A2 pertrochanteric fractures treated with the percutaneous compression plate (PCCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS This investigation was a retrospective observational descriptive study of 335 patients, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years and a maximum follow-up of 8 years (2004-2011). RESULTS The average post-operative hospital stay was 6.2 days, and the average decrease in haemoglobin levels after the intervention was 2.7 mg/dL, with transfusion required for one-third of the patients. Complications related to the implant were observed in 4.2 % of patients; the most notable complication was cut-out (2.4 % of patients), and 3 cases involved pseudarthrosis with breakage of the implant (0.9 % of patients). CONCLUSIONS From the results obtained in this study and an analysis of previously published work, we believe that the PCCP may be the implant of choice for AO/OTA 31.A1-A2 fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Crespo
- Hospital Mancha-Centro, Avenida de la Constitución s/n, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain. .,, C/Coscoja nº3, Alcázar de San Juan, CP: 13600, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - S Gómez
- Hospital Mancha-Centro, Avenida de la Constitución s/n, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - V Palacios
- Hospital Mancha-Centro, Avenida de la Constitución s/n, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Galvez
- Hospital Mancha-Centro, Avenida de la Constitución s/n, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J M Tenías
- Hospital Mancha-Centro, Avenida de la Constitución s/n, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - I Cano
- Hospital Mancha-Centro, Avenida de la Constitución s/n, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R Peñuela
- Hospital Mancha-Centro, Avenida de la Constitución s/n, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Arcas
- Hospital Mancha-Centro, Avenida de la Constitución s/n, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R Crespo
- Hospital Mancha-Centro, Avenida de la Constitución s/n, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Vezza T, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Utrilla MP, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Galvez J. Flavonoids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2016; 8:211. [PMID: 27070642 PMCID: PMC4848680 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine that compromises the patients’ life quality and requires sustained pharmacological and surgical treatments. Since their etiology is not completely understood, non-fully-efficient drugs have been developed and those that have shown effectiveness are not devoid of quite important adverse effects that impair their long-term use. In this regard, a growing body of evidence confirms the health benefits of flavonoids. Flavonoids are compounds with low molecular weight that are widely distributed throughout the vegetable kingdom, including in edible plants. They may be of great utility in conditions of acute or chronic intestinal inflammation through different mechanisms including protection against oxidative stress, and preservation of epithelial barrier function and immunomodulatory properties in the gut. In this review we have revised the main flavonoid classes that have been assessed in different experimental models of colitis as well as the proposed mechanisms that support their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francesca Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Pilar Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Algieri F, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Garrido-Mesa J, Camuesco D, Vezza T, Garrido-Mesa N, Utrilla P, Rodriguez-Cabezas M, Pischel I, Galvez J. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of calcium pyruvate in the TNBS model of rat colitis: Comparison with ethyl pyruvate. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 103:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Belda-Rustarazo S, Cantero-Hinojosa J, Salmeron-García A, González-García L, Cabeza-Barrera J, Galvez J. Medication reconciliation at admission and discharge: an analysis of prevalence and associated risk factors. Int J Clin Pract 2015. [PMID: 26202091 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medication errors are frequent at care transition points and can have serious repercussions. Study objectives were to examine the frequency/type of reconciliation errors at hospital admission and discharge and to report on the drugs involved, associated risk factors and potential to cause harm in a healthcare setting with comprehensive digital health records. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective observational 2-year study was conducted in the Internal Medicine Department of a regional hospital. The best possible medication history was obtained from different sources by clinical pharmacists and compared with prescriptions at admission and discharge. The frequency and type of reconciliation errors were studied at admission and discharge, evaluating risk factors for their occurrence and their potential to cause harm. RESULTS The study included 814 patients (mean age: 80.2 years). At least one reconciliation error was detected in 525 (64.5%) patients at admission, with a mean of 2.2 ± 1.3 errors per patient and in 235 (32.4%) patients at discharge. Drug omission was the most frequent reconciliation error (73.6% at admission and 71.4% at discharge); 39% of errors at admission and 51% at discharge had potential to cause moderate or severe harm. The risk of error at admission was higher with more pre-admission drugs (p < 0.001) and, among patients with reconciliation errors, the number of errors was significantly higher in those receiving more drugs pre-admission or with more comorbidities. The risk at discharge was higher in patients with more drugs prescribed at discharge (p = 0.04) and in those with a longer hospital stay (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Medication reconciliation procedures are required to minimise medication discrepancies and enhance patient safety. Integration of patient health records across care levels is necessary but not sufficient to prevent errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belda-Rustarazo
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, Biohealth Research Institute of Granada, University Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | | | - A Salmeron-García
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, Biohealth Research Institute of Granada, University Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - L González-García
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, Biohealth Research Institute of Granada, University Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Cabeza-Barrera
- Hospital Pharmacy Service, Biohealth Research Institute of Granada, University Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - J Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. Granada, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Garrido-Mesa J, Algieri F, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Utrilla MP, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Zarzuelo A, Ocete MA, Garrido-Mesa N, Galvez J. A new therapeutic association to manage relapsing experimental colitis: Doxycycline plus Saccharomyces boulardii. Pharmacol Res 2015; 97:48-63. [PMID: 25917208 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory antibiotics have been proposed for the treatment of multifactorial conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Probiotics are able to attenuate intestinal inflammation, being considered as safe when chronically administered. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of doxycycline, a tetracycline with immunomodulatory properties, alone and in association with the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CNCMI-745. Doxycycline was assayed both in vitro (Caco-2 epithelial cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages) and in vivo, in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis and the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of mouse colitis. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of the association of doxycycline and the probiotic was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in a DSS model of reactivated colitis in mice. Doxycycline displayed immunomodulatory activity in vitro, reducing IL-8 production by intestinal epithelial cells and nitric oxide by macrophages. Doxycycline administration to TNBS-colitic rats (5, 10 and 25 mg/kg) ameliorated the intestinal inflammatory process, being its efficacy comparable to that previously showed by minocycline. Doxycycline treatment was also effective in reducing acute intestinal inflammation in the DSS model of mouse colitis. The association of doxycycline and S. boulardii helped managing colitis in a reactivated model of colitis, by reducing intestinal inflammation and accelerating the recovery and attenuating the relapse. This was evidenced by a reduced disease activity index, colonic tissue damage and expression of inflammatory mediators. This study confirms the intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of doxycycline and supports the potential use of its therapeutic association with S. boulardii for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, in which doxycycline is used to induce remission and long term probiotic administration helps to prevent the relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Zarzuelo
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Ocete
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Immunobiology, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Utrilla MP, Peinado MJ, Ruiz R, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Clemente A, Galvez J, Rubio LA. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed albumin extracts show anti-inflammatory effect in the DSS model of mouse colitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:807-19. [PMID: 25626675 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the preventive effects of two pea (Pisum sativum) seed albumin extracts, either in the presence (pea seed extract [PSE]) or absence (albumin fraction from PSE [AF-PSE]) of soluble polysaccharides, in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to five groups: one noncolitic and four colitic. Colitis was induced by incorporating DSS (3.5%) in the drinking water for 4 days, after which DSS was removed. Treated groups received orally PSE (15 g/kg⋅day), or AF-PSE (1.5 g/kg⋅day), or pure soy Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI; 50 mg/kg⋅day), starting 2 wk before colitis induction, and maintained for 9 days after. All treated groups showed intestinal anti-inflammatory effect, evidenced by reduced microscopic histological damage in comparison with untreated colitic mice. The treatments ameliorated the colonic mRNA expression of different proinflammatory markers: cytokines, inducible enzymes, metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and toll-like receptors, as well as proteins involved in maintaining the epithelial barrier function. Furthermore, the administration of PSE, AF-PSE, or soy BBI restored bacterial counts, partially or totally, to values in healthy mice. CONCLUSION PSE and AF-PSE ameliorated DSS-induced damage to mice, their effects being due, at least partially, to the presence of active BBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Pilar Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs. GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Rodríguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Vezza T, Garrido-Mesa N, Olivares M, Comalada M, Riccardi C, Utrilla MP, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Galvez J. The viability of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 is not essential to exert intestinal anti-inflammatory properties. Food Funct 2015; 6:1176-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00938j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The viability ofL. fermentumCECT5716 did not affect its immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD
- Department of Pharmacology
- ibs.GRANADA
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM)
- University of Granada
| | - Francesca Algieri
- CIBER-EHD
- Department of Pharmacology
- ibs.GRANADA
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM)
- University of Granada
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD
- Department of Pharmacology
- ibs.GRANADA
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM)
- University of Granada
| | - Natividad Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD
- Department of Pharmacology
- ibs.GRANADA
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM)
- University of Granada
| | | | | | - Carlo Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
- University of Perugia
- Italy
| | - Ma Pilar Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD
- Department of Pharmacology
- ibs.GRANADA
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM)
- University of Granada
| | - Ma Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD
- Department of Pharmacology
- ibs.GRANADA
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM)
- University of Granada
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD
- Department of Pharmacology
- ibs.GRANADA
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM)
- University of Granada
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Zorrilla P, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Garrido-Mesa N, Olivares M, Rondón D, Zarzuelo A, Utrilla MP, Galvez J, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of the polyphenolic-enriched extract Amanda® in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of rat colitis. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Algieri F, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Garrido-Mesa N, Vezza T, Garrido-Mesa J, Utrilla MP, Montilla A, Cardelle-Cobas A, Olano A, Corzo N, Guerra-Hernández E, Zarzuelo A, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Galvez J. Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:4285-4297. [PMID: 24766341 DOI: 10.1021/jf500678p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota modulation is becoming an interesting approach to manage inflammatory bowel disease and can be achieved by the administration of prebiotics. Previous studies showed the intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of the prebiotic lactulose. The aim of the present study was to test the preventative effects of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose with prebiotic properties (OsLu) in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis and compare them with those of lactulose. Both treatments modified bacterial profile in intestinal contents, increasing the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli counts and up-regulating the production of short-chain fatty acids, although OsLu generated a larger amount. OsLu also inhibited to a greater extent different pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukins (IL) 1, 6, 12, and 23 and chemokines (MCP-1 and CINC-1). However, both prebiotics equally restored colonic epithelial integrity, evaluated both with a histological score (OsLu, 9.8 ± 2.2; and lactulose, 12.1 ± 2.1, vs colitic control, 27.3 ± 3.3) and by measuring several key proteins of the mucosal barrier (MUC-2, MUC-3, and TTF-3). OsLu effect was also associated with an inhibition of iNOS expression and a reduction of Th17 cell activity in the inflamed tissue that facilitated the intestinal mucosa barrier recovery. In conclusion, OsLu showed a better anti-inflammatory profile than lactulose in this model of experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada , Granada, Spain
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Algieri F, Zorrilla P, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Garrido-Mesa N, Bañuelos O, González-Tejero MR, Casares-Porcel M, Molero-Mesa J, Zarzuelo A, Utrilla MP, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Galvez J. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Phlomis purpurea L. and Phlomis lychnitis L. in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of rat colitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 146:750-759. [PMID: 23395625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Different species from genus Phlomis, frequently native from the the eastern Mediterranean zone, have been used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory remedy. Among other constituents, they contain polyphenols that show antioxidant properties, which are interesting for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies associated with oxidative stress in humans, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal anti-inflammatoy effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Phlomis lychnitis and P. purpurea in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis, a well characterized experimental model with some resemblance to human IBD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydroalcoholic extracts of both plants were characterized by determining their polyphenolic content and then assayed in the TNBS model of rat colitis. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were assigned to seven groups (n=10): healthy control, untreated TNBS-colitis and five TNBS- colitis groups treated with Phlomis lychnitis (10 and 20mg/kg), P. purpurea (10 and 25mg/kg) and sulphasalazine (200mg/kg), as a positive control. Treatments started the same day of TNBS colitis induction, and rats were sacrificed one week later. Colonic inflammation was evaluated both histologically and biochemically. RESULTS The histological (macroscopic and microscopic) analysis of colonic samples revealed that both extracts showed an anti-inflammatory effect, which was confirmed biochemically by a decreased colonic MPO activity, a maker of neutrophil infiltration, an increased colonic glutathione content, which counteracts the oxidative status associated with the inflammatory process, and a down-regulated iNOS expression. However, only the extract of P. purpurea reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-17, the chemokines CINC-1 and MCP-1, as well as the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, ameliorating the altered immune response associated with the colonic inflammation. Furthermore, both P. lychnitis and P. purpurea extracts were able to significantly increase the expression of markers of epithelial integrity such as MUC-2, MUC-3 and villin, thus revealing an improvement in the altered colonic permeability that characterizes colonic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Both extracts showed intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in the TNBS model of rat colitis, thus confirming their traditional use in digestive inflammatory complaints. In addition to their antioxidant properties, other mechanisms can contribute to this beneficial effect, like an improvement in the intestine epithelial barrier and a downregulation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Barigye SJ, Marrero-Ponce Y, Martínez López Y, Martínez Santiago O, Torrens F, García Domenech R, Galvez J. Event-based criteria in GT-STAF information indices: theory, exploratory diversity analysis and QSPR applications. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2013; 24:3-34. [PMID: 23066866 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2012.728994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Versatile event-based approaches for the definition of novel information theory-based indices (IFIs) are presented. An event in this context is the criterion followed in the "discovery" of molecular substructures, which in turn serve as basis for the construction of the generalized incidence and relations frequency matrices, Q and F, respectively. From the resultant F, Shannon's, mutual, conditional and joint entropy-based IFIs are computed. In previous reports, an event named connected subgraphs was presented. The present study is an extension of this notion, in which we introduce other events, namely: terminal paths, vertex path incidence, quantum subgraphs, walks of length k, Sach's subgraphs, MACCs, E-state and substructure fingerprints and, finally, Ghose and Crippen atom-types for hydrophobicity and refractivity. Moreover, we define magnitude-based IFIs, introducing the use of the magnitude criterion in the definition of mutual, conditional and joint entropy-based IFIs. We also discuss the use of information-theoretic parameters as a measure of the dissimilarity of codified structural information of molecules. Finally, a comparison of the statistics for QSPR models obtained with the proposed IFIs and DRAGON's molecular descriptors for two physicochemical properties log P and log K of 34 derivatives of 2-furylethylenes demonstrates similar to better predictive ability than the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Barigye
- Faculty of Chemistry-Pharmacy, Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba
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Crespo E, Galvez J, Tenías JM, Cano I, Crespo R, Palacios V. A comparative study between gamma nail and percutaneous compression plating for the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2012; 38:443-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00068-012-0181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Peran L, Camuesco D, Comalada M, Bailon E, Henriksson A, Xaus J, Zarzuelo A, Galvez J. A comparative study of the preventative effects exerted by three probiotics, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus, in the TNBS model of rat colitis. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:836-44. [PMID: 17897185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of three probiotics with immunomodulatory properties, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis, were evaluated and compared in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis. METHODS AND RESULTS Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 10 mg of TNBS dissolved in 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol. Each probiotic was administered orally (5x10(8) CFU suspended in 0.5 ml of skimmed milk) for 3 weeks, starting 2 weeks before the administration of TNBS. Colonic damage was evaluated histologically and biochemically 1 week after TNBS instillation. The results obtained revealed that all probiotics assayed showed intestinal anti-inflammatory effects, macroscopically evidenced by a significant reduction in the colonic weight/length ratio. Only B. lactis showed a lower incidence of diarrhoea in comparison with untreated rats. Biochemically, all probiotics restored colonic glutathione levels, depleted as a consequence of the oxidative stress of the inflammatory process. Bifidobacterium lactis treatment reduced colonic tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression; L. acidophilus administration reduced colonic leukotriene B4 production and iNOS expression and L. casei intake was associated with a decrease in colonic COX-2 expression. CONCLUSION The three probiotics assayed have shown intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in the TNBS model of rat colitis, although each probiotic shows its own anti-inflammatory profile. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These probiotics could be considered as potential adjuvants in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, although more studies are required in order to demonstrate their efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Reinkensmeyer D, Aoyagi D, Emken J, Galvez J, Ichinose W, Kerdanyan G, Nessler J, Maneekobkunwong S, Timoszyk B, Vallance K, Weber R, de Leon R, Bobrow J, Harkema S, Wynne J, Edgerton V. Robotic gait training: toward more natural movements and optimal training algorithms. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2004:4818-21. [PMID: 17271389 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1404333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper overviews our recent efforts to develop robotic devices to help people relearn how to walk after spinal cord injury. Our efforts are focused on two goals. The first is to develop robotic devices that allow natural gait movements and good force control. We have developed a five degrees-of-freedom robot (PAM) that accommodates natural pelvic movement during walking. PAM uses pneumatic actuators and a nonlinear control algorithm to achieve good force control. We have also developed a novel leg robot, ARTHuR, which makes use of a linear motor to precisely apply forces to the leg during stepping. Our second goal is to develop optimal training algorithms for robotic gait training. Toward this goal, we have developed a small-scale robotic device that allows us to test locomotor training techniques in rodent models. We have also developed an instrumentation system that allows us to measure how experienced therapists manually assist limb movement. Finally, we are developing computational models of motor rehabilitation. These models suggest that assisting in stepping only as needed with a force-controlled robotic device may be an effective method for improving locomotor recovery.
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Galvez J, de Souza Gracioso J, Camuesco D, Galvez J, Vilegas W, Monteiro Souza Brito AR, Zarzuelo A. Intestinal antiinflammatory activity of a lyophilized infusion of Turnera ulmifolia in TNBS rat colitis. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:515-20. [PMID: 16876965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Turnera ulmifolia is a plant popularly known in Brazil and South America as chanana. Some species of Turnera are widely used in folk medicine for different types of inflammatory diseases. In this study, the preventive intestinal antiinflammatory activity of a lyophilized infusion obtained from the aerial parts of T. ulmifolia was tested in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis. The results obtained revealed that pretreatment to colitic rats with the extract, at 250 and 500 mg/kg, significantly attenuated the colonic damage induced by TNBS. This beneficial effect was associated with an improvement in the colonic oxidative status, since the infusion prevented the glutathione depletion that occurred as a consequence of the colonic inflammation. On the other hand, this antioxidant activity was confirmed in in vitro studies. In conclusion, the preventive effect exerted by the lyophilized infusion of T. ulmifolia in the TNBS model of rat colitis is probably related to its antioxidant properties, due to its flavonoids content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Peran L, Camuesco D, Comalada M, Nieto A, Concha A, Adrio JL, Olivares M, Xaus J, Zarzuelo A, Galvez J. Lactobacillus fermentum, a probiotic capable to release glutathione, prevents colonic inflammation in the TNBS model of rat colitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2006; 21:737-46. [PMID: 16052308 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-005-0773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with intestinal oxidative stress. In the present study we test the preventative effect of Lactobacillus fermentum, a probiotic that produces per se glutathione, in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 10 mg of TNBS dissolved in 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol. L. fermentum was administered orally (5x10(8) CFU suspended in 0.5 ml of skim milk) to a group of rats for 3 weeks, starting 2 weeks before colitis induction. Colonic damage was evaluated both histologically and biochemically, and the colonic luminal contents were used for bacterial studies as well as for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. RESULTS L. fermentum treatment resulted in an amelioration of the inflammatory response in colitic rats as evidenced histologically and by a significant reduction of colonic MPO activity (P<0.05). The probiotic partially counteracted the colonic glutathione depletion induced by the inflammatory process. In addition, probiotic-treated colitic rats showed significant lower colonic tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha levels (P<0.01) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression when compared to non-treated rats. Finally, the probiotic induced growth of Lactobacilli species and production of SCFA in colonic contents in comparison with control colitic rats. CONCLUSION Administration of the probiotic L. fermentum facilitates the recovery of the inflamed tissue in the TNBS model of rat colitis, an effect associated with increased levels of glutathione as well as with amelioration of the production of some of the mediators involved in the inflammatory response of the intestine, such as TNFalpha and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Peran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario La Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Lara-Villoslada F, de Haro O, Camuesco D, Comalada M, Velasco J, Zarzuelo A, Xaus J, Galvez J. Short-chain fructooligosaccharides, in spite of being fermented in the upper part of the large intestine, have anti-inflammatory activity in the TNBS model of colitis. Eur J Nutr 2006; 45:418-25. [PMID: 16871370 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-006-0610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on intestinal inflammation. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the colonic fermentation of these carbohydrates is a pre-requisite for this anti-inflammatory activity.With this aim short chain-FOS (SC-FOS) were used for an in vitro fermentation to elucidate the time of fermentation of these compounds. For the in vivo experiments female Wistar rats were fed several diets with different sources of fibre (5 g/kg): cellulose for control rats (n = 30) or SC-FOS (n = 20) with a high content of kestose (GF(2)) for the SC-FOS group. After one month of feeding the different diets 10 rats from each group were sacrificed to analyze cecal and colonic microflora, SCFA production and pH of intestinal contents. A distal colonic inflammation was induced to other 10 rats from each group by the administration of 10 mg of TNBS dissolved in 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol (v/v). The rest of the rats from the control group (n = 10) were rendered healthy. One week after TNBS treatment rats were sacrificed and several inflammatory parameters as well as intestinal microbiota and SCFA contents were analyzed. In vitro fermentation experiments showed that SC-FOS are fermented during the first 12 h after incorporating the oligosaccharides to intestinal contents, thus suggesting a preferential fermentation of these carbohydrates in the ileum and cecum. In fact, SC-FOS increased cecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria counts as well as SCFA production in healthy rats. In colitic rats, SC-FOS feeding caused a decrease of MPO activity, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production and iNOS expression. This anti-inflammatory effect was evidenced macroscopically by a significant reduction in the extent of colonic damage. SC-FOS also promoted a more favorable intestinal microbiota, increasing lactobacilli and bifidobacteria counts. In conclusion, although oligosaccharides are preferentially fermented in the upper parts of the large intestine, its prebiotic effect is extended to the distal colonic segments, thus exerting a positive effect on colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Lara-Villoslada
- Department of Biomedicine, PULEVA BIOTECH, S.A., Camino de Purchil no. 66, 18004 Granada, Spain.
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Peran L, Camuesco D, Comalada M, Nieto A, Concha A, Diaz-Ropero MP, Olivares M, Xaus J, Zarzuelo A, Galvez J. Preventative effects of a probiotic, Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius, in the TNBS model of rat colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:5185-92. [PMID: 16127750 PMCID: PMC4320393 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i33.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of a probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius ssp. salivarius CECT5713 in the TNBS model of rat colitis.
METHODS: Female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were used in this study. A group of rats were administered orally the probiotic L. salivarius ssp. salivarius (5×108 CFU suspended in 0.5 mL of skimmed milk) daily for 3 wk. Two additional groups were used for reference, a non-colitic and a control colitic without probiotic treatment, which received orally the vehicle used to administer the probiotic. Two weeks after starting the experiment, the rats were rendered colitic by intracolonic administration of 10 mg of TNBS dissolved in 0.25 mL of 500 mL/L ethanol. One week after colitis induction, all animals were killed and colonic damage was evaluated both histologically and biochemically. The biochemical studies performed in colonic homogenates include determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, glutathione (GSH) content, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In addition, the luminal contents obtained from colonic samples were used for microbiological studies, in order to determine Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria counts.
RESULTS: Treatment of colitic rats with L. salivarius ssp. salivarius resulted in amelioration of the inflammatory response in colitic rats, when compared with the corresponding control group without probiotic treatment. This anti-inflammatory effect was evidenced macroscopically by a significant reduction in the extent of colonic necrosis and/or inflammation induced by the administration of TNBS/ethanol (2.3±0.4 cm vs 3.4±0.3 cm in control group, P<0.01) and histologically by improvement of the colonic architecture associated with a reduction in the neutrophil infiltrate in comparison with non-treated colitic rats. The latter was confirmed biochemically by a significant reduction of colonic MPO activity (105.3±26.0 U/g vs 180.6±21.9 U/g, P<0.05), a marker of neutrophil infiltration. The beneficial effect was associated with an increase of the colonic GSH content (1 252±42 nmol/g vs 1 087±51 nmol/g, P<0.05), which is depleted in colitic rats, as a consequence of the oxidative stress induced by the inflammatory process. In addition, the treatment of colitic rats with L. salivarius resulted in a significant reduction of colonic TNF-α levels (509.4±68.2 pg/g vs 782.9±60.1 pg/g, P<0.01) and in a lower colonic iNOS expression, when compared to TNBS control animals without probiotic administration. Finally, treated colitic rats showed higher counts of Lactobacilli species in colonic contents than control colitic rats, whereas no differences were observed in Bifidobacteria counts.
CONCLUSION: Administration of the probiotic L. salivarius ssp. salivarius CECT5713 facilitates the recovery of the inflamed tissue in the TNBS model of rat colitis, an effect associated with amelioration of the production of some of the mediators involved in the inflammatory response in the intestine, such as cytokines, including TNF-α and NO. This beneficial effect could be ascribed to its effect on the altered immune response that occurs in this inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Peran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario La Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
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Abstract
The chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, appear to be derived from an inappropriate reaction towards a luminal agent, most probably driven by the intestinal microflora, which upregulates the synthesis and release of different pro-inflammatory mediators, thus contributing to tissue damage that characterizes these intestinal conditions. Several studies have reported that IBD is associated with impairment in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. They are produced in the large bowel by anaerobic bacterial fermentation of undigested dietary carbohydrates and fiber polysaccharides, with butyrate being considered as the major fuel source for colonocytes. These SCFAs have been proposed to play a key role in the maintenance of colonic homeostasis. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider therapeutic approaches that increase colonic SCFA production, as it can be achieved by administration of dietary fiber to IBD patients. Unfortunately, there is quite limited documentation of efficacy of dietary fiber in properly designed trials. This review discusses the rationale, available evidence for the use of dietary fiber and its mechanisms of action in the treatment and prevention of IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.
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Camuesco D, Peran L, Comalada M, Nieto A, Di Stasi LC, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Concha A, Zarzuelo A, Galvez J. Preventative effects of lactulose in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of rat colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2005; 11:265-71. [PMID: 15735433 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000160808.30988.d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lactulose is a drug used as a laxative that has been shown to promote the growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, acting as a prebiotic and with a potential beneficial effect in inflammatory bowel disease. The present study describes the preventive antiinflammatory activity of lactulose in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis. METHODS Rats were rendered colitic by a colonic instillation of 10 mg of TNBS dissolved in 0.25 mL of 50% ethanol. One group of colitic rats received lactulose, which was incorporated in the drinking water (2.5% wt/vol) for 2 weeks before TNBS instillation, and colonic damage was evaluated 1 week after colitis induction. Different biochemical markers of colonic inflammation were assayed: myeloperoxidase activity, glutathione content, tumor necrosis factor alpha, leukotriene B4 levels, and colonic inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. In addition, bacterial counts (for lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) were performed in colonic contents from colitic rats. RESULTS The results show that lactulose exerted a preventive antiinflammatory effect in this model of rat colitis, as evidenced by a significant reduction of myeloperoxidase activity and by a decrease of both colonic tumor necrosis factor alpha and leukotriene B4 production. This effect was also characterized by an inhibition of colonic inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, which is unregulated as a consequence of the inflammatory status. This beneficial effect was associated with increased levels of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria species in colonic contents in comparison with untreated colitic rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the intestinal antiinflammatory effect of lactulose could be related to its prebiotic properties, supporting its potential use in human inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Camuesco
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Di Stasi LC, Camuesco D, Nieto A, Vilegas W, Zarzuelo A, Galvez J. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of paepalantine, an isocoumarin isolated from the capitula of Paepalanthus bromelioides, in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid model of rat colitis. Planta Med 2004; 70:315-320. [PMID: 15095146 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-818942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The preventative intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of paepalantine, an isocoumarin isolated from the capitula of Paepalanthus bromelioides, was tested in the trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis. This was performed in two different experimental settings, i. e. when the colonic mucosa is intact or when the mucosa is in process of recovery after an initial insult. The results obtained revealed that the paepalantine pretreatment, at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, significantly attenuated the colonic damage induced by TNBS in both situations, as it was evidenced both histologically and biochemically. This beneficial effect was associated with an improvement in the colonic oxidative status, since paepalantine prevented the glutathione depletion that occurred as a consequence of the colonic inflammation. In addition, the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect exerted by this isocoumarin was associated with an inhibition of colonic nitric oxide activity, which is upregulated as a consequence of the inflammatory process. In conclusion, the preventative effect exerted by paepalantine in the TNBS model of rat colitis is probably related with its antioxidant properties.
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Galvez J. Whole Slide Imaging and telepathology. Breast Cancer Res 2003. [PMCID: PMC3300130 DOI: 10.1186/bcr669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Domínguez-Castellano A, Muniain MA, Rodriguez-Baño J, Garcia M, Rios MJ, Galvez J, Perez-Cano R. Factors associated with time to sputum smear conversion in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7:432-8. [PMID: 12757043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the factors affecting the time between the initiation of treatment and obtaining three negative sputum smears. DESIGN In a study of 109 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the main variable was the period during which the patients had sputum smears once treatment was initiated. Multivariate analysis (multiple linear regression) was performed to document those variables independently associated with time to conversion. RESULTS The patients had positive smears for a mean of 28.63 days. The most frequent radiographic pattern was cavitary disease (36.7%). HIV co-infection was present in 38.5% of the patients. HIV-infected patients showed a cavitation pattern in only 9.6% vs 52.2% of patients without HIV infection (P < 0.001). The variables that showed a statistically significant and independent relationship with the time to sputum smear conversion were pulmonary radiographic pattern, age and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). CONCLUSIONS ESR, age and the presence of cavitary disease seem to be factors associated with a longer time to sputum smear conversion in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. However, HIV co-infection is associated with a shorter time to sputum conversion. A key factor is therefore the presence or not of cavitation, independently of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Domínguez-Castellano
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville, Spain.
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Galvez J, Garcia-Domenech R, de Julian-Ortiz JV, Soler R. Topological Approach to Drug Design. [ Erratum to document cited in CA122:177672]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ci00027a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mishra RK, Garcia-Domenech R, Galvez J. Getting discriminant functions of antibacterial activity from physicochemical and topological parameters. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 2001; 41:387-93. [PMID: 11277727 DOI: 10.1021/ci000303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Linear discriminant analysis has been demonstrated to be a very useful tool in the selection and design of new drugs. Up to now we have used it through the search of a topological pattern of activity. In this work our goal is to calculate a complete set of physicochemical parameters using semiempirical (quantum chemical) calculations as well as topological indices (TIs) and try to find out any discriminant function for antibacterial activity through the combined use of both types of descriptors. The physicochemical parameters, such as heat of formation, HOMO, LUMO, dipole moment, polarizability, hyperpolarizability, PM3 generated IR vibrational frequencies, etc., were calculated using PM3 Hamiltonian implemented within the MOPAC97 package. Among the TIs, connectivity as well as topological charge indices stands as the most representatives. The obtained results suggest that one of the maxima and minima vibrational frequencies play an important role in the antibacterial activity. These frequencies are associated with the torsional molecular vibration (N3) and the stretching vibration (N5) of X-H groups (X = C, N, O). Furthermore, the differences between the maxima and minima values showed an even better discriminant ability than the values themselves. The additional use of the topological indices provided a clear improvement in the discriminant function and also provided a straightforward way to predict the values of such frequencies, so that the results can be applied to a large set of compounds searching for new candidates as antibacterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mishra
- Drug Design & Molecular Connectivity Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estellés s.n. 46100-Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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Martínez-García T, Sobrino JM, Pujol E, Galvez J, Benítez E, Girón-González JA. Ventricular mass and diastolic function in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. Heart 2000; 84:620-4. [PMID: 11083740 PMCID: PMC1729508 DOI: 10.1136/heart.84.6.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Echocardiographic and Doppler analysis of myocardial mass and diastolic function in patients infected with HIV. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Tertiary referral centre, Huelva, Spain. PATIENTS 61 asymptomatic patients with HIV infection and 32 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time motion, cross sectional, and Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed, and left ventricular mass and diastolic function variables determined (peak velocity of early and late mitral outflow and isovolumic relaxation time). RESULTS Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was decreased in patients compared with healthy controls (mean (SD): 76.7 (23.6) v 118.8 (23.5) g/m(2), p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed a correlation between LVMI and brachial fat and muscle areas. The ratio of peak velocities of early and late mitral outflow was decreased in HIV infected patients compared with controls (1.19 (0.44) v 1.58 (0.38), p < 0.001). This ratio was exclusively related to haemodynamic variables (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures). HIV infected patients had a prolonged isovolumic relaxation time (103.0 (10.5) v 72.9 (12.9) ms, p < 0.001). Isovolumic relaxation time was correlated only with brachial muscle area on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS HIV infected patients had a reduced left ventricular mass index and diastolic functional abnormalities. These cardiac abnormalities are predominantly related to nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Martínez-García
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
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Gozalbes R, Brun-Pascaud M, Garcia-Domenech R, Galvez J, Girard PM, Doucet JP, Derouin F. Anti-toxoplasma activities of 24 quinolones and fluoroquinolones in vitro: prediction of activity by molecular topology and virtual computational techniques. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:2771-6. [PMID: 10991859 PMCID: PMC90150 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.10.2771-2776.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicoplast, a plastid-like organelle of Toxoplasma gondii, is thought to be a unique drug target for quinolones. In this study, we assessed the in vitro activity of quinolones against T. gondii and developed new quantitative structure-activity relationship models able to predict this activity. The anti-Toxoplasma activities of 24 quinolones were examined by means of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) using topological indices as structural descriptors. In parallel, in vitro 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) were determined in tissue culture. A multilinear regression (MLR) analysis was then performed to establish a model capable of classifying quinolones by in vitro activity. LDA and MLR analysis were applied to virtual structures to identify the influence of each atom or substituent of the quinolone ring on anti-Toxoplasma activity. LDA predicted that 20 of the 24 quinolones would be active against T. gondii. This was confirmed in vitro for most of the quinolones. Trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin were the quinolones most potent against T. gondii, with IC(50)s of 0.4, 2.4, 4.1, and 5.1 mg/liter, respectively. Using MLR analysis, a good correlation was found between measured and predicted IC(50)s (r(2) = 0.87, cross-validation r(2) = 0.74). MLR analysis showed that the carboxylic group at position C-3 of the quinolone ring was not essential for anti-Toxoplasma activity. In contrast, activity was totally dependent on the presence of a fluorine at position C-6 and was enhanced by the presence of a methyl group at C-5 or an azabicyclohexane at C-7. A nucleophilic substituent at C-8 was essential for the activity of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gozalbes
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière Saint-Louis, Université Paris 7, 75006 Paris, France
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De La Cruz JP, Quintero L, Galvez J, Villalobos MA, Sánchez de la Cuesta F. Antioxidant potential of evening primrose oil administration in hyperlipemic rabbits. Life Sci 1999; 65:543-55. [PMID: 10462081 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The dietary intake of saturated fatty acids affects arteriosclerosis. We studied the effect of supplementation (15% wt/wt) of a hyperlipemic diet (1.33% cholesterol) with evening primrose oil (EPO) (Oenothera biennis) for 6 weeks in four groups of 10 rabbits each. At the end of this period we determined lipid peroxidation, glutathione content, and glutathione peroxidase, reductase and transferase activities in liver, brain, heart, aorta and platelets. The atherogenic diet increased tissue lipid peroxidation and decreased the protective antioxidant effect of glutathione. Dietary supplementation with EPO reduced tissue lipid peroxidation (61% in liver, 57% in brain, 42% in heart, 24% in aorta, 33% in platelets). Total glutathione was increased, especially in the aorta (90%) and platelets (200%); however, in all tissues the percentage of oxidised glutathione decreased. Evening primrose oil reduced glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the activities of glutathione reductase and transferase. We conclude that in rabbits made hyperlipemic with a diet rich in saturated fatty acids, EPO decreased tissue oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P De La Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic concordance between static electronic images versus glass slides for breast fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. STUDY DESIGN Nine malignant and 12 benign breast FNA cases were imaged using the Roche Image Manager, at a resolution of 1,024 x 768 pixels. A cytotechnologist or pathology resident selected five to nine representative images per case. Case histories and images were assembled into hypertext documents. Two pathologist blindly made diagnoses for each case based on the images and the clinical history and independently made diagnoses for the glass slides, also evaluating each set of images and glass slides for a list of cellular features. RESULTS The two pathologist had concordance rates of 90.5% and 66.7% between their image and glass diagnoses. For each pathologist's discordant cases, 100.0% and 85.7%, respectively, were due chiefly to suspicious rather than definitive diagnoses. CONCLUSION Evaluation of the electronic images indicated that almost all the cellular features were comparable to those viewed though a microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Galvez
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, USA
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Rubio G, Garcia-Garcia J, Galvez J, Lorenzo N, Lajarin F, Garcia-Peñarrubia P. Determination of parameters that characterize effector-target conjugation of human NK and LAK cells by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 1997; 209:137-54. [PMID: 9461330 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(97)00153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effector-target conjugation between different cell populations of human NK cells and K562 tumor cells has been studied from binding isotherms obtained from data of effector (alpha) and target (beta) conjugate frequencies measured by flow cytometry analysis at different effector-to-target ratios. Non-linear and linear regression methods were applied to these isotherms to calculate the binding parameters that characterize the process of conjugation, namely, the maximum effector and target conjugate frequencies, the dissociation constant of the conjugates formed, the binding units and the area under the binding isotherms. The results obtained show that: (1) flow cytometry analysis of effector-target conjugation is faster, unbiased and more suitable than microscopic counting of conjugates, thereby permitting the analysis of larger number of conjugates in shorter times, (2) the binding parameters derived from conjugate frequencies obtained by flow cytometry analysis differ from those obtained by microscopy, (3) the discrepancies between the two methods are due to the presence of several cells engaged in multicellular conjugates that are detected as single particles by flow cytometry and (4) the analysis of population distributions of the conjugates formed at different values of the effector-to-target ratio permit the above discrepancies to be corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain
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Lajarin F, Rubio G, Galvez J, Garcia-Peñarrubia P. Adhesion, invasion and intracellular replication of Salmonella typhimurium in a murine hepatocyte cell line. Effect of cytokines and LPS on antibacterial activity of hepatocytes. Microb Pathog 1996; 21:319-29. [PMID: 8938640 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1996.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in the liver may be an important effector mechanism in host defenses. In this paper we describe the adhesion, invasion and multiplication of Salmonella typhimurium in a murine embryonic hepatocyte cell line (ATCC TIB-73). Monolayers of hepatocytes treated with recombinant IFN gamma, IL1 beta, and LPS exhibit antibacterial activity against intracellular Salmonella. The dynamic of the infection process in stimulated vs unstimulated hepatocytes was determined by counting the number of survival bacteria in the cell monolayers at 4 and 28h after gentamicin was added to the infected cells. Salmonella typhimurium is able to adhere, invade and replicate inside the hepatocytes. The maximum number of cell-associated bacteria is approximately 15 bacteria per cell, whereas the invasive capacity of Salmonella is 0.003 bacteria per hepatocyte. Stimulated cultures display antibacterial activity compared to unstimulated controls. The antibacterial activity does not seem to be mediated by nitric oxide (NO) since inhibition of NO production by using NG-Monomethyl-L-Arginine did not revert the antibacterial activity. Also, high amounts of NO induced by adding L-Arginine to the cell cultures did not enhance hepatocyte antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lajarin
- Servicio de Análísis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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