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Kountouras J, Boziki M, Kazakos E, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Nella M, Bakirtzis C, Karafoulidou E, Vardaka E, Mouratidou MC, Kyrailidi F, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Orovou E, Giartza-Taxidou E, Deretzi G, Grigoriadis N, Doulberis M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori and metabolic syndrome on mast cell activation-related pathophysiology and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105724. [PMID: 38508416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent worldwide. The emergence of relevant research suggesting a pathogenic linkage between H. pylori infection and MetS-related cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly through mechanisms involving brain pericyte deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, elevated lipoprotein-a, galectin-3 overexpression, atrial fibrillation, and gut dysbiosis, has raised stimulating questions regarding their pathophysiology and its translational implications for clinicians. An additional stimulating aspect refers to H. pylori and MetS-related activation of innate immune cells, mast cells (MC), which is an important, often early, event in systemic inflammatory pathologies and related brain disorders. Synoptically, MC degranulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and MetS-related obesity, adipokine effects, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness, an early indicator of atherosclerosis associated with cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Meningeal MC can be activated by triggers including stress and toxins resulting in vascular changes and neurodegeneration. Likewise, H.pylori and MetS-related MC activation is linked with: (a) vasculitis and thromboembolic events that increase the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and (b) gut dysbiosis-associated neurodegeneration, whereas modulation of gut microbiota and MC activation may promote neuroprotection. This narrative review investigates the intricate relationship between H. pylori infection, MetS, MC activation, and their collective impact on pathophysiological processes linked to neurodegeneration. Through a comprehensive search of current literature, we elucidate the mechanisms through which H. pylori and MetS contribute to MC activation, subsequently triggering cascades of inflammatory responses. This highlights the role of MC as key mediators in the pathogenesis of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing their involvement in neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction and, ultimately, neuronal damage. Although further research is warranted, we provide a novel perspective on the pathophysiology and management of brain disorders by exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting H. pylori eradication, MetS management, and modulation of MC to mitigate neurodegeneration risk while promoting neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Nella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria C Mouratidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Foteini Kyrailidi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eirini Orovou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Gastroklinik, Private Gastroenterological Practice, 8810, Horgen, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
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Redruello-Romero A, Benitez-Cantos MS, Lopez-Perez D, García-Rubio J, Tamayo F, Pérez-Bartivas D, Moreno-SanJuan S, Ruiz-Palmero I, Puentes-Pardo JD, Vilchez JR, López-Nevot MÁ, García F, Cano C, León J, Carazo Á. Human adipose tissue as a major reservoir of cytomegalovirus-reactive T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303724. [PMID: 38053998 PMCID: PMC10694288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus with a high prevalence worldwide. After the acute infection phase, CMV can remain latent in several tissues. CD8 T cells in the lungs and salivary glands mainly control its reactivation control. White adipose tissue (WAT) contains a significant population of memory T cells reactive to viral antigens, but CMV specificity has mainly been studied in mouse WAT. Therefore, we obtained blood, omental WAT (oWAT), subcutaneous WAT (sWAT), and liver samples from 11 obese donors to characterize the human WAT adaptive immune landscape from a phenotypic and immune receptor specificity perspective. Methods We performed high-throughput sequencing of the T cell receptor (TCR) locus to analyze tissue and blood TCR repertoires of the 11 donors. The presence of TCRs specific to CMV epitopes was tested through ELISpot assays. Moreover, phenotypic characterization of T cells was carried out through flow cytometry. Results High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed that tissue TCR repertoires in oWAT, sWAT, and liver samples were less diverse and dominated by hyperexpanded clones when compared to blood samples. Additionally, we predicted the presence of TCRs specific to viral epitopes, particularly from CMV, which was confirmed by ELISpot assays. Remarkably, we found that oWAT has a higher proportion of CMV-reactive T cells than blood or sWAT. Finally, flow cytometry analyses indicated that most WAT-infiltrated lymphocytes were tissue-resident effector memory CD8 T cells. Discussion Overall, these findings postulate human oWAT as a major reservoir of CMV-specific T cells, presumably for latent viral reactivation control. This study enhances our understanding of the adaptive immune response in human WAT and highlights its potential role in antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria S. Benitez-Cantos
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - David Lopez-Perez
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Daniel Pérez-Bartivas
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Moreno-SanJuan
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Cytometry and Microscopy Research Service, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Palmero
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Jose D. Puentes-Pardo
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose R. Vilchez
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Analyses and Immunology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. López-Nevot
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Clinical Analyses and Immunology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) of Infectious Diseases, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cano
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Digestive Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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Caslin HL, Cottam MA, Betjemann AM, Mashayekhi M, Silver HJ, Hasty AH. Single cell RNA-sequencing suggests a novel lipid associated mast cell population following weight cycling. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.12.566786. [PMID: 38014269 PMCID: PMC10680619 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.12.566786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Our recent study showed weight cycled mice have increased adipose mast cells compared to obese mice by single cell RNA-sequencing. Here, we aimed to confirm and elucidate these changes. Further analysis of our dataset showed that our initial mast cell cluster could subcluster into two unique populations: one with very high expression of classical mast cell markers and another with elevated lipid handling and antigen presentation genes. This new mast cell cluster accounted for most of the mast cells in the weight cycled group although it was not possible to detect the different populations by new studies with flow cytometry or Toluidine blue staining in mice, possibly due to a downregulation in classical mast cell genes. Interestingly, a pilot study in humans did suggest the existence of two mast cell populations in subcutaneous adipose tissue from obese women that appear similar to the murine populations detected by sequencing; one of which was significantly correlated with weight variance. Together, these data suggest that weight cycling may induce a unique population of mast cells similar to lipid associated macrophages. Future studies will focus on isolation of these cells to better determine their lineage, differentiation, and functional roles.
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Jennings T, Janquart M, Washak C, Duddleston K, Kurtz C. What's gut got to do with it? The role of the microbiota and inflammation in the development of adiposity and obesity. Immunometabolism (Cobham) 2023; 5:e00029. [PMID: 37492183 PMCID: PMC10364962 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by increased adiposity, ie, the accumulation of lipids and the growth of adipose tissue. In this mini-review, we explore the important role of the gut microbiota and immune system in the development of adiposity. Dysbiosis of the microbiota leads to increased permeability of the gut barrier and bacterial products in the bloodstream, which triggers metabolic inflammation of adipose tissue, muscle, and liver. Inflammation in these highly metabolic organs exacerbates adiposity and contributes to the development of comorbidities associated with obesity. Studies in animal models that manipulate the microbiota and/or inflammation have shown promise in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Mallory Janquart
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Catherine Washak
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Khrystyne Duddleston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Courtney Kurtz
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
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Li R, Li L, Liu B, Luo D, Xiao S. Associations of levels of peripheral blood leukocyte and subtypes with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study of Chinese government employees. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1094022. [PMID: 37033252 PMCID: PMC10080122 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1094022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Available evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes (T2D) may be associated with inflammation and that leukocytes are a topical clinical, biological indicator of inflammation. This study investigates the associations between peripheral blood leukocyte and subtypes levels with T2D. METHODS A total of 5,475 individuals were included in the baseline examination from January 2018 to April 2020, with incidence data updated to April 30, 2021, and follow-up to 5,362 individuals. T2D was defined according to the Chinese guidelines for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes. Physiological and biochemical indicators, including leukocyte and subtypes, were obtained from the physical examination results of the tertiary care hospitals relied on at the cohort sites. Covariates such as demographic characteristics and lifestyle were collected by questionnaire. Binary logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the correlations. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and time-dependent ROC curves were used to estimate the predictive diagnosis of T2D across the subtype of leukocytes. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 12 months, and the cumulative incidence density of T2D was 4.0/1000 person-years. Cross-sectional results at baseline showed that the levels of peripheral blood leukocyte and its subtypes were higher in the T2D group than in the non-T2D group. Total leukocyte count and subtypes levels were grouped by quintile. After adjusting for age, sex, family history of diabetes, lifestyle score, and triglyceride levels, all were compared with the lowest quintile of each group. Logistic regression model results showed that the corrected OR for those with the highest quintile level of leukocyte was 2.01 (95% CI: 1.02-3.98). The longitudinal analysis showed that the adjusted HR was 8.43 (95%CI: 1.06-66.92) for those with the highest quintile level of leukocytes at baseline after controlling for the effects of the above covariates. For those with the highest quintile level of neutrophils at baseline, the adjusted HR was 5.05 (95%CI: 1.01-25.29). The leukocyte and subtypes had predictive values for T2D. CONCLUSION Patients with T2D have a higher level of peripheral blood leukocyte and subtypes than those without the disease. Elevated leukocyte and neutrophil counts may link to a higher risk of T2D.
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Foguet C, Xu Y, Ritchie SC, Lambert SA, Persyn E, Nath AP, Davenport EE, Roberts DJ, Paul DS, Di Angelantonio E, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, Yau C, Inouye M. Genetically personalised organ-specific metabolic models in health and disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7356. [PMID: 36446790 PMCID: PMC9708841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how genetic variants influence disease risk and complex traits (variant-to-function) is one of the major challenges in human genetics. Here we present a model-driven framework to leverage human genome-scale metabolic networks to define how genetic variants affect biochemical reaction fluxes across major human tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose, liver, brain and heart. As proof of concept, we build personalised organ-specific metabolic flux models for 524,615 individuals of the INTERVAL and UK Biobank cohorts and perform a fluxome-wide association study (FWAS) to identify 4312 associations between personalised flux values and the concentration of metabolites in blood. Furthermore, we apply FWAS to identify 92 metabolic fluxes associated with the risk of developing coronary artery disease, many of which are linked to processes previously described to play in role in the disease. Our work demonstrates that genetically personalised metabolic models can elucidate the downstream effects of genetic variants on biochemical reactions involved in common human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Foguet
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Yu Xu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Scott C Ritchie
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel A Lambert
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elodie Persyn
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Artika P Nath
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - David J Roberts
- BRC Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, and NHSBT-Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Science Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - John Danesh
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Health Data Research UK, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
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Pincu Y, Yoel U, Haim Y, Makarenkov N, Maixner N, Shaco-Levy R, Bashan N, Dicker D, Rudich A. Assessing Obesity-Related Adipose Tissue Disease (OrAD) to Improve Precision Medicine for Patients Living With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860799. [PMID: 35574032 PMCID: PMC9098964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogenous condition that affects the life and health of patients to different degrees and in different ways. Yet, most approaches to treat obesity are not currently prescribed, at least in a systematic manner, based on individual obesity sub-phenotypes or specifically-predicted health risks. Adipose tissue is one of the most evidently affected tissues in obesity. The degree of adipose tissue changes - "adiposopathy", or as we propose to relate to herein as Obesity-related Adipose tissue Disease (OrAD), correspond, at least cross-sectionally, to the extent of obesity-related complications inflicted on an individual patient. This potentially provides an opportunity to better personalize anti-obesity management by utilizing the information that can be retrieved by assessing OrAD. This review article will summarize current knowledge on histopathological OrAD features which, beyond cross-sectional analyses, had been shown to predict future obesity-related endpoints and/or the response to specific anti-obesity interventions. In particular, the review explores adipocyte cell size, adipose tissue inflammation, and fibrosis. Rather than highly-specialized methods, we emphasize standard pathology laboratory approaches to assess OrAD, which are readily-available in most clinical settings. We then discuss how OrAD assessment can be streamlined in the obesity/weight-management clinic. We propose that current studies provide sufficient evidence to inspire concerted efforts to better explore the possibility of predicting obesity related clinical endpoints and response to interventions by histological OrAD assessment, in the quest to improve precision medicine in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Pincu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Uri Yoel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Endocrinology Service, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nataly Makarenkov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nitzan Maixner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruthy Shaco-Levy
- Institute of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nava Bashan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dror Dicker
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Assaf Rudich, ; Dror Dicker,
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Assaf Rudich, ; Dror Dicker,
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Lopez-Perez D, Redruello-Romero A, Garcia-Rubio J, Arana C, Garcia-Escudero LA, Tamayo F, Salmeron J, Galvez J, Leon J, Carazo Á. In Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Mast Cells in Omental Adipose Tissue Decrease the Surface Expression of CD45, CD117, CD203c, and FcϵRI. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:818388. [PMID: 35370964 PMCID: PMC8965342 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.818388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of mast cells in type 2 diabetes is changing. Although they were first considered deleterious inflammatory cells, now they seem to be important players driving adipose tissue homeostasis. Here we have employed a flow cytometry-based approach for measuring the surface expression of 4 proteins (CD45, CD117, CD203c, and FcϵRI) on mast cells of omental (o-WAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (s-WAT) in a cohort of 96 patients with morbid obesity. The cohort was split into three groups: non-T2D, pre-T2D, and T2D. Noteworthy, patients with T2D have a mild condition (HbA1c <7%). In o-WAT, mast cells of patients with T2D have a decrease in the surface expression of CD45 (p=0.0013), CD117 (p=0.0066), CD203c (p=0.0025), and FcϵRI (p=0.043). Besides, in s-WAT, the decrease was seen only in CD117 (p=0.046). These results indicate that T2D affects more to mast cells in o-WAT than in s-WAT. The decrease in these four proteins has serious effects on mast cell function. CD117 is critical for mast cell survival, while CD45 and FcϵRI are important for mast cell activation. Additionally, CD203c is only present on the cell surface after granule release. Taking together these observations, we suggest that mast cells in o-WAT of patients with T2D have a decreased survival, activation capacity, and secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Anaïs Redruello-Romero
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Arana
- Endocrinology and nutrition department, Virgen de la Luz University Hospital, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Luis A. Garcia-Escudero
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Salmeron
- Gastroenterology Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red para Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Julio Galvez, ; Ángel Carazo,
| | - Josefa Leon
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Carazo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Disease, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Julio Galvez, ; Ángel Carazo,
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Masini M, Suleiman M, Novelli M, Marselli L, Marchetti P, De Tata V. Mast Cells and the Pancreas in Human Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081875. [PMID: 34440644 PMCID: PMC8391487 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are highly differentiated, widely distributed cells of the innate immune system, that are currently considered as key regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity. Mast cells play a key role in health and survival mechanisms, especially as sentinel cells that can stimulate protective immune responses. On the other hand, it has been shown that mast cells are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, and recently a possible pathogenetic role of mast cells in diabetes has been proposed. In this review we summarize the evidence on the increased presence of mast cells in the pancreas of subjects with type 1 diabetes, which is due to the autoimmune destruction of insulin secreting beta cells, and discuss the differences with type 2 diabetes, the other major form of diabetes. In addition, we describe some of the pathophysiological mechanisms through which mast cells might exert their actions, which could be targeted to potentially protect the beta cells in autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Masini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55-Scuola Medica, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pancreatic Islet Laboratory, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55-Scuola Medica, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pancreatic Islet Laboratory, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pancreatic Islet Laboratory, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Vincenzo De Tata
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55-Scuola Medica, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (M.N.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica (C.I.M.E.), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Mohajer N, Du CY, Checkcinco C, Blumberg B. Obesogens: How They Are Identified and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Their Action. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:780888. [PMID: 34899613 PMCID: PMC8655100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.780888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult and childhood obesity have reached pandemic level proportions. The idea that caloric excess and insufficient levels of physical activity leads to obesity is a commonly accepted answer for unwanted weight gain. This paradigm offers an inconclusive explanation as the world continually moves towards an unhealthier and heavier existence irrespective of energy balance. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that resemble natural hormones and disrupt endocrine function by interfering with the body's endogenous hormones. A subset of EDCs called obesogens have been found to cause metabolic disruptions such as increased fat storage, in vivo. Obesogens act on the metabolic system through multiple avenues and have been found to affect the homeostasis of a variety of systems such as the gut microbiome and adipose tissue functioning. Obesogenic compounds have been shown to cause metabolic disturbances later in life that can even pass into multiple future generations, post exposure. The rising rates of obesity and related metabolic disease are demanding increasing attention on chemical screening efforts and worldwide preventative strategies to keep the public and future generations safe. This review addresses the most current findings on known obesogens and their effects on the metabolic system, the mechanisms of action through which they act upon, and the screening efforts through which they were identified with. The interplay between obesogens, brown adipose tissue, and the gut microbiome are major topics that will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mohajer
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chrislyn Y. Du
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christian Checkcinco
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Deparment of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Blumberg,
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