1
|
Obrador E, Moreno-Murciano P, Oriol-Caballo M, López-Blanch R, Pineda B, Gutiérrez-Arroyo JL, Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Martinez-Cadenas C, Estrela JM, Marqués-Torrejón MÁ. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2529. [PMID: 38473776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved since the Stupp protocol became the standard of care (SOC) in 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with survival rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss the recent progress in our understanding of GB pathophysiology, in particular, the importance of glioma stem cells (GSCs), the tumor microenvironment conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms involved in GB growth, aggressiveness and recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers the SOC treatment and targeted therapies that have been shown to interfere with different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16ink4, TP53/MDM2/P14arf, PI3k/Akt-PTEN, RAS/RAF/MEK, PARP) involved in GB tumorigenesis, pathophysiology, and treatment resistance acquisition. Below, we analyze several immunotherapeutic approaches (i.e., checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, CAR-modified NK or T cells, oncolytic virotherapy) that have been used in an attempt to enhance the immune response against GB, and thereby avoid recidivism or increase survival of GB patients. Finally, we present treatment attempts made using nanotherapies (nanometric structures having active anti-GB agents such as antibodies, chemotherapeutic/anti-angiogenic drugs or sensitizers, radionuclides, and molecules that target GB cellular receptors or open the blood-brain barrier) and non-ionizing energies (laser interstitial thermal therapy, high/low intensity focused ultrasounds, photodynamic/sonodynamic therapies and electroporation). The aim of this review is to discuss the advances and limitations of the current therapies and to present novel approaches that are under development or following clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Oriol-Caballo
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Blanch
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Pineda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon, Spain
| | - Luis G Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon, Spain
| | | | - José M Estrela
- Scientia BioTech S.L., 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Balakrishnan P, Sathish S, Saravanan S. HIV-Encoded Gene Therapy as Anti-cancer Therapeutics: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e53431. [PMID: 38435173 PMCID: PMC10909071 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been interest in using viruses as cancer treatments. Oncolytic virology was founded by scientists who noticed that viruses might preferentially lyse cancer cells over healthy ones. Oncolytic virotherapy has similar obstacles as other treatment approaches, gaining entry into the specific tumour cell, encountering antiviral immune responses, off-target infection and many other unfavourable circumstances in the tumour microenvironment, and a lack of unique therapeutic and predictive biomarkers. However, oncolytic viruses have emerged as the main players in the biological treatment for cancer with the use of vectors such as human adenoviruses in oncolytic virotherapy. Recent large-scale research has shown that other viruses, such as the measles virus and the herpes simplex virus (HSV), may potentially be viable options for cancer treatment. The FDA has cleared T-VEC, an HSV-based oncolytic virus, for use in biological cancer treatment after its successful completion of human clinical trials. Furthermore, the measles virus vaccine strain has shown remarkable outcomes in pre-clinical and clinical testing. The use of such modified viruses in biological cancer treatment holds promise for groundbreaking discoveries in the field of cancer research because of their therapeutic effectiveness, fewer side effects, and safety. Several other newer approaches have been used in recent years. HIV-encoded proteins are also hypothesized to promote mitochondrial homeostasis causing bystander-induced apoptosis. We provide an overview of the most recent developments in the clinical use of oncolytic virus-based biological cancer treatment in this study. This evaluation also assesses the advantages and disadvantages of the viral candidates and provides insight into their potential in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pachamuthu Balakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sankar Sathish
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Shanmugam Saravanan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumari S, Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multiple therapeutic approaches of glioblastoma multiforme: From terminal to therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188913. [PMID: 37182666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer showing poor prognosis. Currently, treatment methods of GBM are limited with adverse outcomes and low survival rate. Thus, advancements in the treatment of GBM are of utmost importance, which can be achieved in recent decades. However, despite aggressive initial treatment, most patients develop recurrent diseases, and the overall survival rate of patients is impossible to achieve. Currently, researchers across the globe target signaling events along with tumor microenvironment (TME) through different drug molecules to inhibit the progression of GBM, but clinically they failed to demonstrate much success. Herein, we discuss the therapeutic targets and signaling cascades along with the role of the organoids model in GBM research. Moreover, we systematically review the traditional and emerging therapeutic strategies in GBM. In addition, we discuss the implications of nanotechnologies, AI, and combinatorial approach to enhance GBM therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rončević A, Koruga N, Soldo Koruga A, Rončević R, Rotim T, Šimundić T, Kretić D, Perić M, Turk T, Štimac D. Personalized Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current State and Future Perspective. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1579. [PMID: 37371674 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glial tumor of the central nervous system. Despite intense scientific efforts, patients diagnosed with GBM and treated with the current standard of care have a median survival of only 15 months. Patients are initially treated by a neurosurgeon with the goal of maximal safe resection of the tumor. Obtaining tissue samples during surgery is indispensable for the diagnosis of GBM. Technological improvements, such as navigation systems and intraoperative monitoring, significantly advanced the possibility of safe gross tumor resection. Usually within six weeks after the surgery, concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide are initiated. However, current radiotherapy regimens are based on population-level studies and could also be improved. Implementing artificial intelligence in radiotherapy planning might be used to individualize treatment plans. Furthermore, detailed genetic and molecular markers of the tumor could provide patient-tailored immunochemotherapy. In this article, we review current standard of care and possibilities of personalizing these treatments. Additionally, we discuss novel individualized therapeutic options with encouraging results. Due to inherent heterogeneity of GBM, applying patient-tailored treatment could significantly prolong survival of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alen Rončević
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nenad Koruga
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Soldo Koruga
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Rončević
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Rotim
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tihana Šimundić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Kretić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Perić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Cytology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tajana Turk
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Damir Štimac
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Radiology, National Memorial Hospital Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qi Z, Long X, Liu J, Cheng P. Glioblastoma microenvironment and its reprogramming by oncolytic virotherapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:819363. [PMID: 36159398 PMCID: PMC9507431 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.819363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive form of brain tumor, responds poorly to current conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic chemotherapy. The reason is that the delicate location of the primary tumor and the existence of the blood-brain barrier limit the effectiveness of traditional local and systemic therapies. The immunosuppressive status and multiple carcinogenic pathways in the complex GBM microenvironment also pose challenges for immunotherapy and single-targeted therapy. With an improving understanding of the GBM microenvironment, it has become possible to consider the immunosuppressive and highly angiogenic GBM microenvironment as an excellent opportunity to improve the existing therapeutic efficacy. Oncolytic virus therapy can exert antitumor effects on various components of the GBM microenvironment. In this review, we have focused on the current status of oncolytic virus therapy for GBM and the related literature on antitumor mechanisms. Moreover, the limitations of oncolytic virus therapy as a monotherapy and future directions that may enhance the field have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbing Qi
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyu Long
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oncology, West China Guang’an Hospital, Sichuan University, Guangan, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Cheng Jiyan Liu
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Cheng Jiyan Liu
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larson C, Oronsky B, Abrouk NE, Oronsky A, Reid TR. Toxicology and biodistribution of AdAPT-001, a replication-competent type 5 adenovirus with a trap for the immunosuppressive cytokine, TGF-beta. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5184-5189. [PMID: 34765319 PMCID: PMC8569352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgene-enhanced oncolytic adenoviruses represent a promising novel therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. A Phase 1 clinical trial featuring AdAPT-001 is ongoing (NCT04673942). AdAPT-001, a type 5 adenovirus, which carries a TGF-β trap transgene that neutralizes the immunosuppressive cytokine, TGF-β, has been shown in an immunocompetent mouse model to eradicate both locally injected and non-injected tumors. Single dose biodistribution of the TGF-β trap transgene was also evaluated in tumor bearing mice, providing an explanation for systemic activity. The biodistribution and toxicity of a single administration of mouse AdAPT-001 (mAdAPT-001) in 129S1 immunocompetent mice bearing ADS-12 tumors (mouse lung carcinoma) were assessed. mAdAPT-001 was injected intratumorally and intravenously in groups of 25 mice each at varying dose levels. Soluble TGF-β trap was detected in the serum using ELISA. A single AdAPT-001 injection resulted in non-negligible long-term TGF-β trap persistence in the serum over the 14-day study after intravenous and intratumoral administration. No TGF-β-related toxicity was observed. At clinically relevant doses, AdAPT-001 was safe and well tolerated. Systemic levels of the TGF-β trap transgene were observed from both local and intravenous dosing.
Collapse
|
7
|
Targeting CA-125 Transcription by Development of a Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus for Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174265. [PMID: 34503075 PMCID: PMC8428227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death among women in the US, and new treatments are urgently needed to help those suffering from this deadly disease. A unique feature of ovarian cancer is that a protein called CA-125, encoded by a gene called MUC16, is highly expressed in more than 80% of patients. To date, targeting MUC16/CA-125 for ovarian cancer treatment has not been successful. Here, we describe the development of an artificial virus, called a conditionally replicative oncolytic adenovirus (CRAd), that can only grow in and destroy cancer cells that express CA-125, but not normal cells. We document promising anti-cancer effects of the virus in both human ovarian cancer cells and in animal cancer models. Collectively, our study findings suggest that the development of CRAd targeting MUC16/CA-125 represents a unique and practical approach to ovarian cancer treatment. Abstract CA-125, encoded by the MUC16 gene, is highly expressed in most ovarian cancer cells and thus serves as a tumor marker for monitoring disease progression or treatment response in ovarian cancer patients. However, targeting MUC16/CA-125 for ovarian cancer treatment has not been successful to date. In the current study, we performed multiple steps of high-fidelity PCR and obtained a 5 kb DNA fragment upstream of the human MUC16 gene. Reporter assays indicate that this DNA fragment possesses transactivation activity in CA-125-high cancer cells, but not in CA-125-low cancer cells, indicating that the DNA fragment contains the transactivation region that controls specific expression of the MUC16 gene in ovarian cancer cells. We further refined the promoter and found a 1040 bp fragment with similar transcriptional activity and specificity. We used this refined MUC16 promoter to replace the E1A promoter in the adenovirus type 5 genome DNA, where E1A is an essential gene for adenovirus replication. We then generated a conditionally replicative oncolytic adenovirus (CRAd) that replicates in and lyses CA-125-high cancer cells, but not CA-125-low or -negative cancer cells. In vivo studies showed that intraperitoneal virus injection prolonged the survival of NSG mice inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) with selected ovarian cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the CRAd replicates in and lyses primary ovarian cancer cells, but not normal cells, collected from ovarian cancer patients. Collectively, these data indicate that targeting MUC16 transactivation utilizing CRAd is a feasible approach for ovarian cancer treatment that warrants further investigation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Saellstrom S, Sadeghi A, Eriksson E, Segall T, Dimopoulou M, Korsgren O, Loskog AS, Tötterman TH, Hemminki A, Ronnberg H. Adenoviral CD40 Ligand Immunotherapy in 32 Canine Malignant Melanomas-Long-Term Follow Up. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:695222. [PMID: 34368282 PMCID: PMC8342889 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.695222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a serious disease in both humans and dogs, and the high metastatic potential results in poor prognosis for many patients. Its similarities with human melanoma make spontaneous canine melanoma an excellent model for comparative studies of novel therapies and tumor biology. Gene therapy using adenoviruses encoding the immunostimulatory gene CD40L (AdCD40L) has shown promise in initial clinical trials enrolling human patients with various malignancies including melanoma. We report a study of local AdCD40L treatment in 32 cases of canine melanoma (23 oral, 5 cutaneous, 3 ungual and 1 conjunctival). Eight patients were World Health Organization (WHO) stage I, 9 were stage II, 12 stage III, and 3 stage IV. One to six intratumoral injections of AdCD40L were given every seven days, combined with cytoreductive surgery in 20 cases and only immunotherapy in 12 cases. Tumor tissue was infiltrated with T and B lymphocytes after treatment, suggesting immune stimulation. The best overall response based on result of immunotherapy included 7 complete responses, 5 partial responses, 5 stable and 2 progressive disease statuses according to the World Health Organization response criteria. Median survival was 285 days (range 20–3435 d). Our results suggest that local AdCD40L therapy is safe and could have beneficial effects in dogs, supporting further treatment development. Clinical translation to human patients is ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saellstrom
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arian Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Eriksson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Segall
- National Veterinary Institute, Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Dimopoulou
- University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angelica Si Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas H Tötterman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik Ronnberg
- Center of Clinical Comparative Oncology (C3O), Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Labani-Motlagh A, Naseri S, Wenthe J, Eriksson E, Loskog A. Systemic immunity upon local oncolytic virotherapy armed with immunostimulatory genes may be supported by tumor-derived exosomes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 20:508-518. [PMID: 33738337 PMCID: PMC7940707 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory gene therapy utilizing oncolytic viruses (OVs) as gene vehicles is a promising immunotherapy for cancer. Since viruses are immunogenic, systemic delivery can be troublesome due to neutralizing antibodies. Nevertheless, local delivery by intratumoral injection seems to induce systemic immune reactions. In this study, we demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of armed OV therapy suggesting that exosomes released by tumor cells infected with armed OV may participate to activate the immune system and this may also support systemic immunity. Tumor cell-derived exosomes commonly exert immunosuppressive functions. We hypothesized that exosomes derived from OV-infected tumor cells may instead be immunostimulatory. Human melanoma cells were infected by OVs armed with costimulatory molecules CD40 ligand (CD40L) and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL). Exosomes were purified and investigated for the presence of CD40L/4-1BBL mRNA and protein, and for their capacity to stimulate immune responses. The results show that the exosomes cargo transgenes. The exosomes from CD40L/4-1BBL-expressing tumor cells, or the viruses themselves, could stimulate robust dendritic cell (DC) activation with an enhanced level of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules. Hence, exosomes after OV infection can locally activate immune responses at the tumor site and encounter immune cells such as DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Labani-Motlagh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sedigheh Naseri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Wenthe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Eriksson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Lokon Pharma AB, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Milenova I, Lopez Gonzalez M, Quixabeira DCA, Santos JM, Cervera-Carrascon V, Dong W, Hemminki A, van Beusechem VW, van de Ven R, de Gruijl TD. Oncolytic Adenovirus ORCA-010 Activates Proinflammatory Myeloid Cells and Facilitates T Cell Recruitment and Activation by PD-1 Blockade in Melanoma. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:178-191. [PMID: 33470166 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have advanced the treatment of melanoma. Nevertheless, a majority of patients are resistant, or develop resistance, to immune checkpoint blockade, which may be related to prevailing immune suppression by myeloid regulatory cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). ORCA-010 is a novel oncolytic adenovirus that selectively replicates in, and lyses, cancer cells. We previously showed that ORCA-010 can activate melanoma-exposed conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). To study the effect of ORCA-010 on melanoma-conditioned macrophage development, we used an in vitro co-culture model of human monocytes with melanoma cell lines. We observed a selective survival and polarization of monocytes into M2-like macrophages (CD14+CD80-CD163+) in co-cultures with cell lines that expressed macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Oncolysis of these melanoma cell lines, effected by ORCA-010, activated the resulting macrophages and converted them to a more proinflammatory state, evidenced by higher levels of PD-L1, CD80, and CD86 and an enhanced capacity to prime allogenic T cells and induce a type-1 T cell response. To assess the effect of ORCA-010 on myeloid subset distribution and activation in vivo, ORCA-010 was intratumorally injected and tested for T cell activation and recruitment in the human adenovirus nonpermissive B16-OVA mouse melanoma model. While systemic PD-1 blockade in this model in itself did not modulate myeloid or T cell subset distribution and activation, when it was preceded by i.t. injection of ORCA-010, this induced an increased rate and activation state of CD8α+ cDC1, both in the TME and in the spleen. Observed increased rates of activated CD8+ T cells, expressing CD69 and PD-1, were related to both increased CD8α+ cDC1 rates and M1/M2 shifts in tumor and spleen. In conclusion, the myeloid modulatory properties of ORCA-010 in melanoma, resulting in recruitment and activation of T cells, could enhance the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Milenova
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ORCA Therapeutics BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Lopez Gonzalez
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dafne C A Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao Manuel Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wenliang Dong
- ORCA Therapeutics BV, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor W van Beusechem
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Timmins LM, Burr AM, Carroll K, Keefe R, Teryek M, Cantolupo LJ, van der Loo JCM, Heathman TR, Gormley A, Smith D, Parekkadan B. Selecting a Cell Engineering Methodology During Cell Therapy Product Development. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211003022. [PMID: 34013781 PMCID: PMC8145581 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When considering the development pathway for a genetically modified cell therapy product, it is critically important that the product is engineered consistent with its intended human use. For scientists looking to develop and commercialize a new technology, the decision to select a genetic modification method depends on several practical considerations. Whichever path is chosen, the developer must understand the key risks and potential mitigations of the cell engineering approach. The developer should also understand the clinical implications: permanent/memory establishment versus transient expression, and clinical manufacturing considerations when dealing with transplantation of genetically engineered cells. This review covers important topics for mapping out a strategy for developers of new cell-based therapeutics. Biological, technological, manufacturing, and clinical considerations are all presented to map out development lanes for the initiation and risk management of new gene-based cell therapeutic products for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Timmins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Burr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA
| | - Kristina Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA
- Precision Biosciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew Teryek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA
| | | | - Johannes C. M. van der Loo
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Adam Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA
| | - David Smith
- Minaris Regenerative Medicine, LLC, Allendale, NJ, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway Township, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
López González M, van de Ven R, de Haan H, van Eck van der Sluijs J, Dong W, van Beusechem VW, de Gruijl TD. Oncolytic adenovirus ORCA-010 increases the type 1 T cell stimulatory capacity of melanoma-conditioned dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:145-160. [PMID: 32301504 PMCID: PMC7366753 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade has resulted in durable responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, but only in a fraction of treated patients. For immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to be effective, sufficient infiltration with tumor‐reactive T cells is essential. Oncolytic viruses (OV) selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells and so induce an immunogenic form of cell death, providing at once a source of tumor‐associated (neo)antigens and of danger signals that together induce effective T cell immunity and tumor infiltration. Melanoma‐associated suppression of dendritic cell (DC) differentiation effectively hampers OV‐ or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐induced anti‐tumor immunity, due to a consequent inability to prime and attract anti‐tumor effector T cells. Here, we set out to study the effect of ORCA‐010, a clinical stage oncolytic adenovirus, on DC differentiation and functionality in the context of human melanoma. In melanoma and monocyte co‐cultures, employing a panel of five melanoma cell lines with varying origins and oncogenic mutation status, we observed clear suppression of DC development with apparent skewing of monocyte differentiation to a more M2‐macrophage‐like state. We established the ability of ORCA‐010 to productively infect and lyse the melanoma cells. Moreover, although ORCA‐010 was unable to restore DC differentiation, it induced activation and an increased co‐stimulatory capacity of monocyte‐derived antigen‐presenting cells. Their subsequent ability to prime effector T cells with a type I cytokine profile was significantly increased in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction. Our findings suggest that ORCA‐010 is a valuable immunotherapeutic agent for melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M López González
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R van de Ven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H de Haan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J van Eck van der Sluijs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W Dong
- ORCA Therapeutics, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - V W van Beusechem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,ORCA Therapeutics, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - T D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as a viable option for clinical therapy of monogenic disorders and other genetically defined diseases, with approved gene therapies available in Europe and newly approved gene therapies in the United States. In the past 10 years, gene therapy has moved from a distant possibility, even in the minds of much of the scientific community, to being widely realized as a valuable therapeutic tool with wide-ranging potential. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recently approved Luxturna (Spark Therapeutics Inc, Philadelphia, PA, USA), a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) 2 gene therapy for one type of Leber congenital amaurosis 2 ( 1 , 2 ). The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved 3 recombinant viral vector products: Glybera (UniQure, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), an rAAV vector for lipoprotein lipase deficiency; Strimvelis (Glaxo Smith-Kline, Brentford, United Kingdom), an ex vivo gammaretrovirus-based therapy for patients with adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immune deficiency (ADA-SCID); and Kymriah (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), an ex vivo lentivirus-based therapy to engineer autologous chimeric antigen-receptor T (CAR-T) cells targeting CD19-positive cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These examples will be followed by the clinical approval of other gene therapy products as this field matures. In this review we provide an overview of the state of gene therapy by discussing where the field stands with respect to the different gene therapy vector platforms and the types of therapies that are available.-Gruntman, A. M., Flotte, T. R. The rapidly evolving state of gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisha M Gruntman
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terence R Flotte
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sapre AA, Yong G, Yeh YS, Ruff LE, Plaut JS, Sayar Z, Agarwal A, Martinez J, Nguyen TN, Liu YT, Messmer BT, Esener SC, Fischer JM. Silica cloaking of adenovirus enhances gene delivery while reducing immunogenicity. J Control Release 2019; 297:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
15
|
SOCS4 expressed by recombinant HSV protects against cytokine storm in a mouse model. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:1509-1520. [PMID: 30569160 PMCID: PMC6365695 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are genetically engineered viruses designed for the treatment of solid tumors, and are often coupled with the antitumor immunity of the host. The challenge of using oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) as an efficacious oncolytic agent is the potential host tissue damage caused by the production of a range of cytokines following intratumoral oHSV injection. An HSV-suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 (SOCS4) recombinant virus was created to investigate whether it inhibits cytokine storm. Recombinant HSV-SOCS4 and HSV-1(F) were used to infect mice, and levels of several representative cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and interferon γ, in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of infected mice were determined, and immune cells in BALF and spleen were enumerated. Lung damage, virus titers in the lung, body weight and survival rates of infected mice were also determined and compared between the two groups. The cytokine concentration of HSV-SOCS4-infected mice was significantly decreased compared with that of HSV-1(F)-infected mice in BALF and serum, and a smaller number of cluster of differentiation (CD)11b+ cells of BALF, and CD8+CD62L+ T cells and CD4+CD62L+ T cells of the spleen were also identified in HSV-SOCS4-infected mice. HSV-SOCS4-infected mice exhibited slight lung damage, a decrease in body weight loss and a 100% survival rate. The results of the present study indicated that SOCS4 protein may be a useful regulator to inhibit cytokine overproduction, and that HSV-SOCS4 may provide a possible solution to control cytokine storm and its consequences following induction by oncolytic virus treatment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Recombinant viruses with other anti-cancer therapeutics: a step towards advancement of oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 25:216-226. [PMID: 29735993 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer as a disease is a multifaceted foe which sometimes succumbs to the prescribed treatment and sometimes develops resistance against various therapies. Conventional cancer therapies suffer from many limitations, the least of which is their specificity and systemic side effects. In a majority of cases, acquired mutations render the cancer cells resistant to therapy and lower the prognostic outcome. In the constant effort to devise a therapeutic moiety which can comprehensively eliminate cancer cells, oncolytic viruses provide an attractive avenue as they selectively infect and lyse cancer cells sparing normal cells from their effects. Viruses can be engineered for their host specificity and toxicity as a promising anti-cancer tool. As it is essential to devise a strategy to address all targets involved in cancer development and progression, the idea of using oncolytic viruses with enhanced anti-cancer activity through arming with foreign genes gained merit and is showing promising advent in clinical studies. The use of oncolytic viruses as an agent of combination therapy for cancer treatment also gained much attention in the recent past. This review focuses on the emerging role of oncolytic viruses as vital components of anti-cancer regimen presenting a new dimension in an ever-changing cancer therapy scenario.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sato-Dahlman M, Wirth K, Yamamoto M. Role of Gene Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer-A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E103. [PMID: 29614005 PMCID: PMC5923358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained essentially unchanged for decades and its relative contribution to overall cancer death is projected to only increase in the coming years. Current treatment for PDAC includes aggressive chemotherapy and surgical resection in a limited number of patients, with median survival of optimal treatment rather dismal. Recent advances in gene therapies offer novel opportunities for treatment, even in those with locally advanced disease. In this review, we summarize emerging techniques to the design and administration of virotherapy, synthetic vectors, and gene-editing technology. Despite these promising advances, shortcomings continue to exist and here will also be highlighted those approaches to overcoming obstacles in current laboratory and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Wirth
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Surgery BTR, MMC 195, 8195F, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Matteson NL, Barry MA, Reddy VS. Structure-based assessment of protein-protein interactions and accessibility of protein IX in adenoviruses with implications for antigen display. Virology 2018; 516:102-107. [PMID: 29331865 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The exterior minor protein IX of adenoviruses (AdVs) is a frequent target of attachment of antigens and the modified AdVs are being used as potent vaccine platforms. The organization of protein IX is disticntly different between human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and non-HAdVs. The analysis of solvent accessibility, based on the near atomic resolution structures, suggests that the C-terminal residues of IX are more accessible in non-HAdVs (e.g., bovine adenovirus) than in HAdVs. Although the C-terminal fusions of IX are displayed on the capsid surface, they could disrupt the formation of tetrameric coiled-coils (4-HLXB) in HAdVs due to steric hinderance, thereby potentially affecting the capsid stability. Importantly, the parallel-antiparallel arrangement of helices seen in the 4-HLXB is not condusive for IX C-terminal fusions in HAdVs. In contrast, the parallel trimeric C-terminal coiled-coils in non-HAdVs are unlikely to be affected by the attachment of antigens and more efficiently displayed on the AdV surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Matteson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Doctoral Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael A Barry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Vijay S Reddy
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang JL, LaRocca CJ, Yamamoto M. Showing the Way: Oncolytic Adenoviruses as Chaperones of Immunostimulatory Adjuncts. Biomedicines 2016; 4:E23. [PMID: 28536390 PMCID: PMC5344254 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines4030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) are increasingly recognized as vectors for immunotherapy in the treatment of various solid tumors. The myriads of advantages of using adenovirus include targeted specificity upon infection and selective replication, which lead to localized viral burst, exponential spread of OAds, and antitumor effect. OAds can also induce a strong immune reaction due to the massive release of tumor antigens upon cytolysis and the presence of viral antigens. This review will highlight recent advances in adenoviral vectors expressing immunostimulatory effectors, such as GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor), interferon-α, interleukin-12, and CD40L. We will also discuss the combination of OAds with other immunotherapeutic strategies and describe the current understanding of how adenoviral vectors interact with the immune system to eliminate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | | - Masato Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rosewell Shaw A, Suzuki M. Recent advances in oncolytic adenovirus therapies for cancer. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 21:9-15. [PMID: 27379906 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Onc.Ads) selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells and are therefore commonly used vectors in clinical trials for cancer gene therapy. Building upon the well-characterized adenoviral natural tropism, genetic modification of Onc.Ad can enhance/regulate their transduction and replication within specific cancer cell types. However, Onc.Ad-mediated tumor cell lysis cannot fully eliminate tumors. The hostile tumor microenvironment provides many barriers to efficient oncolytic virotherapy, as tumors develop structure and immune-evasion mechanisms in order to grow and ultimately spread. For these reasons, Onc.Ads modified to deliver structural or immune modulatory molecules (Armed Onc.Ads) have been developed to overcome the physical and immunological barriers of solid tumors. The combination of oncolysis with tumor microenvironment modulation/destruction may provide a promising platform for Ad-based cancer gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rosewell Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ashshi AM, El-Shemi AG, Dmitriev IP, Kashentseva EA, Curiel DT. Combinatorial strategies based on CRAd-IL24 and CRAd-ING4 virotherapy with anti-angiogenesis treatment for ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:38. [PMID: 27349517 PMCID: PMC4924320 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A major hurdle incurrent to the human clinical application of conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd)-based virotherapy agents is their limited therapeutic efficacy. In this study we evaluated whether arming our previously reported Ad5/3Δ24 CRAd vector containing a 24-base pair deletion in the E1A conserved region 2, which allows selective replication within Rb-p16-deficient tumor cells, to express therapeutic genes could improve oncolytic virus potency in ovarian cancer cells. We choose to assess the therapeutic benefits achieved by virus-mediated expression of interleukin 24 (IL-24), a cytokine-like protein of the IL-10 family, and the inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) tumor suppressor protein. Results The generated CRAd-IL24 and CRAd-ING4 vectors were tested in ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro to compare their replication, yield, and cytotoxic effects with control CRAd Ad5/3∆24 lacking the therapeutic gene. These studies showed that CRAd-IL24 infection resulted in significantly increased yield of infectious particles, which translated to a marked enhancement of virus-induced cytotoxic effects as compared to CRAd-ING4 and non-armed CRAd. Testing CRAd-IL24 and CRAd-ING4 vectors combined together did not revealed synergistic effects exceeding oncolytic potency of single CRAD-IL24 vector. Both CRAds were also tested along with anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody Avastin and showed no significant augmentation of viral cytolysis by anti-angiogenesis treatment in vitro. Conclusions Our studies validated that arming with these key immunomodulatory genes was not deleterious to virus-mediated oncolysis. These findings thus, warrant further preclinical studies of CRAd-IL24 tumoricidal efficacy in murine ovarian cancer models to establish its potential utility for the virotherapy of primary and advanced neoplastic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammad Ashshi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, PO Box 7607, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, PO Box 7607, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Igor P Dmitriev
- The Division of Cancer Biology and Biologic Therapeutic Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elena A Kashentseva
- The Division of Cancer Biology and Biologic Therapeutic Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- The Division of Cancer Biology and Biologic Therapeutic Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|