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De Caro F, Pecoraro N, Capunzo M, Caruccio S, Caggiano F, Cersosimo G, Costantino M, Longanella W, Malatesta F, Tomeo M, Savarese G, Sinopoli P, Vozzella EA, Moccia G. An Exploratory Investigation of Representations of Herpes Zoster and Adjuvanted Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccination in a Sample of Fragile Adults in Italy. Pathogens 2025; 14:145. [PMID: 40005521 PMCID: PMC11858372 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens14020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 02/01/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
In the context of the Italian National Herpes Zoster Vaccine program, an exploratory survey was conducted on a sample of fragile adult patients to investigate the representations of the disease and its prevention to build future local vaccination campaigns. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered to 271 fragile adult patients who had adjuvanted recombinant Herpes Zoster vaccination to detect the following: knowledge and perception of the disease and its risks; information sources and confidence in the information sources used; and perception of the Herpes Zoster vaccination. Fragile adult patients have the representation of Herpes Zoster as a serious disease (86.5%), and they consider themselves informed concerning symptoms and health effects. Women are more fearful of the impact of the disease (Chi-square = 10.03; DF = 3; p-value = 0.018), while those with a higher average age consider themselves less informed (R = -158; p-value = 0.039). The sources of information that contributed to the construction of illness representation are health personnel (73.5%), followed by the web and social web (14.7%), and media such as radio and TV (10.0%). Regarding the vaccine representation, fragile patients are confident about the vaccine and the science behind it and believe everyone should receive it. However, a high percentage (62.9%) fear side effects. Our analysis highlights that vaccination campaigns must be planned based on the target audience, individual and contextual needs, and representations of the disease, particularly when dealing with frail patients, to implement effective preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Caro
- Public Health Laboratory for the Analysis of Community Health Needs, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.D.C.); (N.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
- Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (F.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Nadia Pecoraro
- Public Health Laboratory for the Analysis of Community Health Needs, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.D.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
- Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (F.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Simona Caruccio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Filippo Caggiano
- Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (F.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Giuseppina Cersosimo
- Department of Political and Social Studies, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Maria Costantino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
- Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (F.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Walter Longanella
- Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (F.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Francesca Malatesta
- Public Health Laboratory for the Analysis of Community Health Needs, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.D.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Matteo Tomeo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Giulia Savarese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Pio Sinopoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.T.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Emilia Anna Vozzella
- Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (F.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Giuseppina Moccia
- Public Health Laboratory for the Analysis of Community Health Needs, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.D.C.); (N.P.)
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Moschese V, Graziani S, Spadea A, D'Amore M, Mosco R, Ciampini S, Di Giorgio N, Arcano S, Ceccarelli S, Chianca M, Piccinini S, Polito A, Porcari M, Puliafito P, Silenzi R, Del Duca E, Pignata C, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Martire B, Beni A, Costagliola G, Mastrototaro MF, Montin D, Ottaviano G, Rizzo C, Santilli V, Sgrulletti M. Vaccinations in children of non-European origin: The Vax4globe survey. Vaccine 2024; 42:126466. [PMID: 39486353 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An equitable immunization coverage to "leave no one behind" is one of the World Health Organization Sustainable Development Goals. However, disparities in vaccination coverage exist. The present study aims to investigate vaccine attitude of non-European parents living in Italy and those factors affecting vaccine uptake and equity. METHODS A cross sectional survey, named Vax4globe, on knowledge and immunization compliance in childhood and pregnancy of non-European (non-EU) parents was carried out among general pediatrician and Vaccine Centers located in Lazio Region, between February and July 2023. Logistic regression models were used in univariate and multivariate analyses to examine the socio-demographic parameters mainly associated with the vaccination status. RESULTS A total of 310 parent/child pair were included in the study. Most children were born in Italy (262/310; 86.5 %), while while 40/310 (13.2 %) migrated from country of origin and 1/310 (0.3 %) was adopted. Mandatory vaccines were perfomed by 270/306 (88 %) children, however flu, papillomavirus and meningococcal group B were vaccines most commonly refused by 208/289 (72 %), 11/36 (31 %) and 9/36 (25 %) parents, respectively. A lower educational degree of parents (p = 0.040) and the migration status of children (p < 0.001) were associated to incomplete or missed immunization. As to maternal immunization 164/310 (53 %) non-EU women decided not to vaccinate and received less information (155/297;52 %) compared to childhood immunization (268/305; 88 %) (p < 0.0001). The educational degree (p = 0.017), the origin from non-EU European countries (p = 0.008) and the age 25-40 years (p = 0.036) and > 40 years (p = 0.007) were associated to lack of immunization during pregnancy. Finally, while 279/310 (90 %) parents were vaccinated against Sars-CoV-2, only 60/199 (30 %) children had been immunized with this vaccine mainly due to the non-mandatory vaccine request at pediatric age and to the doubts about its value according to 39/127 (31 %) and 29/127 (23 %) parents, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the need for targeted strategies to improve vaccine uptake both in childhood and in pregnancy among non-EU individuals living in Italy. Further, to achieve vaccination equity the role of institutions and healthcare personnel is pivotal to overcome vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Moschese
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Antonietta Spadea
- Vaccination Complex Operational Unit of Local Health Agency Rome1, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizia D'Amore
- Vaccination Complex Operational Unit of Local Health Agency Rome1, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mosco
- Vaccination Complex Operational Unit of Local Health Agency Rome1, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ciampini
- Vaccination Complex Operational Unit of Local Health Agency Rome1, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elisabetta Del Duca
- Pediatric Immunopathology and Allergology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Pediatric Section, Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Baldassarre Martire
- Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) Vaccine Committee
| | - Alessandra Beni
- Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) Vaccine Committee
| | - Giorgio Costagliola
- Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) Vaccine Committee
| | | | - Davide Montin
- Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) Vaccine Committee
| | - Giorgio Ottaviano
- Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) Vaccine Committee
| | - Caterina Rizzo
- Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) Vaccine Committee
| | - Veronica Santilli
- Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) Vaccine Committee
| | - Mayla Sgrulletti
- Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) Vaccine Committee
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Maamor NH, Muhamad NA, Mohd Dali NS, Leman FN, Rosli IA, Tengku Bahrudin Shah TPN, Jamalluddin NH, Misnan NS, Mohamad ZA, Bakon SK, Mutalip MHA, Hassan MRA, Lai NM. Prevalence of caregiver hesitancy for vaccinations in children and its associated factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302379. [PMID: 39446774 PMCID: PMC11500859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically compare and pool the prevalence of all the known evidence on caregiver hesitancy and to describe the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among caregiver worldwide such as COVID-19, MMR, Influenza, HPV and others. We searched article from few electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, ProQuest, and Web of Science) from inception to August 2023 using specific keywords for example caregiver, parents, prevalence, factor, hesitancy, and others. We included population-based studies that reported the prevalence of caregiver hesitancy. We used random-effects meta-analyses for pool prevalence estimates of caregiver hesitancy. A total of 765 studies met our inclusion criteria, containing data on 38,210,589 caregivers from seven regions across the globe. Overall or pool prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among caregiver is 25.0% (95% CI: 0.22-0.27, I2 = 99.91%, p = 0.001). Based on the evidence gathered, vaccine hesitancy was found to be religious sentiments, personal beliefs, perceived safety concerns, and a desire for more information from healthcare providers, along with factors related to availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptability of vaccinations. Vaccine safety and efficiency have been identified as the main factor for caregiver vaccine hesitancy globally with a prevalence of 91.4%. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022331629. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022331629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hasnah Maamor
- National Institutes of Health, Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asiah Muhamad
- National Institutes of Health, Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nor Soleha Mohd Dali
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Norhasny Leman
- National Institutes of Health, Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Izzah Athirah Rosli
- National Institutes of Health, Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurul Hidayah Jamalluddin
- National Institutes of Health, Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syazwani Misnan
- National Institutes of Health, Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Zuraifah Asrah Mohamad
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Sophia Karen Bakon
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Nai Ming Lai
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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De Caro F, Malatesta F, Pecoraro N, Capunzo M, Carpinelli L, Caruccio S, Cersosimo G, Costantino M, Giordano C, Longanella W, Patella V, Saggese Tozzi A, Savarese G, Sinopoli P, Vozzella EA, Moccia G. Anti-Herpes Zoster Vaccination of Fragile Patients in Hospital Setting: A Nudge Intervention in Italy. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:442. [PMID: 38675824 PMCID: PMC11054726 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nudge intervention against Herpes Zoster, created and implemented in Italy, is presented in order to administer the Shingrix vaccine on a sample of frail patients, as required by the National Prevention Plan. Individual and contextual factors associated with vaccine adherence were investigated. METHOD 300 frail adult subjects underwent a full vaccine cycle with recombinant-Shingrix vaccine (RZV vaccine). Hospital Presidia of the Salerno University Hospital Authority, a Hospital Presidium of the Salerno Local Health Authority, and the Public Health Laboratory of the University of Salerno (Campania) participated in the intervention. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered with the following scales: EQ-5D, PSS-10, MSPSS, and representations of HZ and its consequences. RESULTS Some variables, such as peer support, doctor-patient relationship, level of education, and perception of health, are important in vaccine adherence and information processing. The following factors emerged from the factor analysis: Trust in collective knowledge and collective responsibility (F1); beliefs about virus risk and vaccine function (F2); information about virus and symptomatology (F3); and vaccine distrust (F4). Factor 4 correlates negatively with social support indices (R = -0.363; p < 0.001). There is a significant relationship between factor 3 and satisfaction with national information campaigns (F = 3.376; gdl = 5; p-value = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Future vaccination campaigns should be built with the aim of personalizing information and developing contextualized strategies, starting from understanding the stakeholders involved, cultural contexts, and organizational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Caro
- Public Health Laboratory for the Analysis of Community Health Needs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.D.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
- Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Francesca Malatesta
- Public Health Laboratory for the Analysis of Community Health Needs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.D.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Nadia Pecoraro
- Public Health Laboratory for the Analysis of Community Health Needs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.D.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
- Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Luna Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Simona Caruccio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Giuseppina Cersosimo
- Department of Political and Sociale Studies, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Maria Costantino
- Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Claudio Giordano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Walter Longanella
- Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | | | | | - Giulia Savarese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Pio Sinopoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.); (C.G.); (G.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Emilia Anna Vozzella
- Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (M.C.); (W.L.); (E.A.V.)
| | - Giuseppina Moccia
- Public Health Laboratory for the Analysis of Community Health Needs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.D.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.)
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Bianchi FP, Stefanizzi P, Cuscianna E, Riformato G, Di Lorenzo A, Giordano P, Germinario CA, Tafuri S. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Italian parents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2171185. [PMID: 36698309 PMCID: PMC10012888 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2171185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In May 2021, the Italian government extended the COVID-19 vaccination campaign to 12- to 18-year-old subjects and, starting December 2021, vaccines were also offered to children between 5 and 11 years-old. Despite these efforts, suboptimal vaccination coverages are reported. The purpose of this review is to estimate the proportion of parents/caregivers of children and adolescents expressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Italy. The vaccine hesitation rate among parents of minors was 55.1% (95%CI: 43.8-66.1%). A higher value was evidenced in studies focusing on children (59.9%; 95%CI = 43.7-75.1%) compared to the ones focusing on adolescents (51.3%; 95%CI = 34.5-68.0%). The main reasons for unwillingness were the belief that the vaccine was unsafe or ineffective, fear of adverse events, and considering COVID-19 a non-threatening disease. The implementation of effective communication campaigns and health educational programs on safe pediatric vaccinations is essential to support strategies to bolster vaccination confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Eustachio Cuscianna
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Riformato
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Lorenzo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Giordano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Tafuri
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Ferrara M, Bertozzi G, Volonnino G, Di Fazio A, Di Fazio N, Arcangeli M, La Russa R, Frati P. Learning from the Past to Improve the Future—Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants in the Italian Population: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030630. [PMID: 36992216 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
WHO identifies vaccine hesitancy (VH) as one of the ten threats to global health. The authors bring to the international scientific community an Italian episode that offers the opportunity to renew the discussion on the extent of the VH matter. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the factors determining vaccine hesitancy in the Italian population, to understand its roots, and suggest potential strategies to mitigate it. A systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines was carried out using the SCOPUS and Medline (via PubMed) databases, using the following strategy: (COVID-19 vaccines) AND (vaccination hesitancy) AND (Italy). After the selection process, 36 articles were included in this systematic review. The most frequently detected factors associated with VH in the Italian population can be grouped as vaccine-related factors, socio-cultural factors, and demographic factors. Currently, we are facing a gap between the population and science, governments, and institutions. To heal this breach, it is necessary to strengthen the trust of the population through the implementation of health communication and public education strategies, while scientific literacy must continue to support families and individuals in discerning evidence from opinions to recognize the real risks and balance them with the benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferrara
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bertozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Volonnino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Fazio
- Regional Complex Intercompany Institute of Legal Medicine, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Fazio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Arcangeli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environment Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: What Can We Expect Now? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071093. [PMID: 35891257 PMCID: PMC9319792 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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