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Muhamad NA, Maamor NH, Leman FN, Mohamad ZA, Bakon SK, Abdul Mutalip MH, Rosli IA, Aris T, Lai NM, Abu Hassan MR. The Global Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and its Association With Cancers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Interact J Med Res 2023; 12:e40653. [PMID: 37467012 PMCID: PMC10398554 DOI: 10.2196/40653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the common causes of chronic liver disease globally. Obesity, metabolic diseases, and exposure to some environmental agents contribute to NAFLD. NAFLD is commonly considered a precursor for some types of cancers. Since the leading causes of death in people with NAFLD are cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic cancers, it is important to understand the mechanisms of the progression of NAFLD to control its progression and identify its association with extrahepatic cancers. Thus, this review aims to estimate the global prevalence of NAFLD in association with the risk of extrahepatic cancers. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the prevalence of various cancers in NAFLD patients and the association between NAFLD and cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to March 2022 to identify eligible studies reporting the prevalence of NAFLD and the risk of incident cancers among adult individuals (aged ≥18 years). Data from selected studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using random effects models to obtain the pooled prevalence with the 95% CI. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS We identified 11 studies that met our inclusion criteria, involving 222,523 adults and 3 types of cancer: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer, and other types of extrahepatic cancer. The overall pooled prevalence of NAFLD and cancer was 26% (95% CI 16%-35%), while 25% of people had NAFLD and HCC (95% CI 7%-42%). NAFLD and breast cancer had the highest prevalence out of the 3 forms of cancer at 30% (95% CI 14%-45%), while the pooled prevalence for NAFLD and other cancers was 21% (95% CI 12%-31%). CONCLUSIONS The review suggests that people with NAFLD may be at an increased risk of cancer that might not affect not only the liver but also other organs, such as the breast and bile duct. The findings serve as important evidence for policymakers to evaluate and recommend measures to reduce the prevalence of NAFLD through lifestyle and environmental preventive approaches. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022321946; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=321946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Asiah Muhamad
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hasnah Maamor
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Norhasny Leman
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Zuraifah Asrah Mohamad
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Sophia Karen Bakon
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Izzah Athirah Rosli
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Aris
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nai Ming Lai
- School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wee LH, Galvan JAA, Patil SS, Madhavan P, Mahalingam D, Yeong CH, Wong YH, Poh HQ, Suthahar S, David SD, Tan XJ, Rosli IA, Chan CMH, Baharom N, Muhamad NA, Siau CS. Understanding Factors Associated with Motivation to Quit Vaping among Vapers in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1980. [PMID: 37510421 PMCID: PMC10379365 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11141980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of vaping worldwide is showing an upward trend. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with motivation to quit vaping among vapers in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, through a cross-sectional, purposive sampling study. Respondents were required to complete a questionnaire consisting of vapers' sociodemographic questions, habitual behavioral pattern questions, the e-Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence, the Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Dependence Questionnaire, perception questions, motivation to quit questions, and withdrawal symptom questions. A total of 311 vapers participated in this study. The majority of the vapers were male (84.6%), younger (18-25 years) (55.3%), and with monthly income less than RM 4000 (USD 868; 83.9%). The level of motivation to quit vaping was found to have a significant association with the perception of vaping being as satisfying as cigarette smoking (p = 0.006) and mild to very strong nicotine dependence (p = 0.001). Participants who recorded moderate and strong habitual vaping behaviors had lower odds of having high motivation to quit vaping compared to those recording slight habitual behaviors (OR = 0.279, 95%CI(0.110-0.708), p = 0.007 and OR = 0.185, 95%CI(0.052-0.654), p = 0.009, respectively). Factors associated with higher motivation to quit vaping could be explored to gain better understanding of how to increase their motivation level for future quit attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hum Wee
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Non-communicable Diseases and Public Health Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jo Ann Andoy Galvan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Non-communicable Diseases and Public Health Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sapna Shridhar Patil
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Non-communicable Diseases and Public Health Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Non-communicable Diseases and Public Health Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Mahalingam
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- SP Care Group, Level 3, Menara SP Care, Rawang Sentral, Rawang 48000, Malaysia
| | - Chai Hong Yeong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Non-communicable Diseases and Public Health Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yin How Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Non-communicable Diseases and Public Health Research Group, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
- Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hui Qi Poh
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sanjay Suthahar
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Shamella Diya David
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Xiao Jing Tan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1 Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Izzah Athirah Rosli
- Sector for Evidence-Based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nizam Baharom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Nor Asiah Muhamad
- Sector for Evidence-Based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Muhamad NA, Ma'amor NH, Mustapha N, Leman FN, Rosli IA, Umar M, Aris T, Lai NM. Nondrug Intervention for Opportunistic Infections in Individuals With Hematological Malignancy: Systematic Review. Interact J Med Res 2023; 12:e43969. [PMID: 37000482 PMCID: PMC10132047 DOI: 10.2196/43969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematological malignancies disturb the blood, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. Taking medications for treating opportunistic infections (OIs) in these individuals may enhance the risk of medication interaction as well as adverse drug reactions. OBJECTIVE This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nondrug interventions in reducing OIs among patients with hematological cancers. METHODS The PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Embase databases were searched on December 26, 2022, for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary endpoint was OIs. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool. RESULTS A total of 6 studies were included in this review with 4 interventions: (1) types of mouthwash received, (2) presence of coating on central venous catheters (CVCs), (3) use of well-fitted masks, and (4) types of diet consumed. The results were presented in 8 different comparisons: (1) chlorhexidine-nystatin versus saline mouth rinse, (2) chlorhexidine versus saline mouth rinse, (3) nystatin versus saline mouth rinse, (4) chlorhexidine silver sulfadiazine-coated CVCs versus uncoated catheters, (5) well-fitted masks versus no mask, (6) amine fluoride-stannous fluoride versus sodium fluoride mouthwash, (7) low-bacterial diet versus standard hospital diet, and (8) herbal versus placebo mouthwash. No clear differences were reported in any of the outcomes examined in the first 3 comparisons. There were also no clear differences in the rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection or insertion site infection between the use of chlorhexidine silver sulfadiazine-coated CVCs versus uncoated catheters in the patients. Further, no significant differences were seen between patients who used a well-fitted mask and those without a mask in the incidence of OI. The all-cause mortality and mortality due to OI were similar between the 2 groups. There was no clear difference in all-cause mortality, although common adverse effects were reported in patients who used sodium fluoride mouthwash compared with those using amine fluoride-stannous fluoride mouthwash. There was no evidence of any difference in the incidence of possible invasive aspergillosis or candidemia between patients who consumed a low-bacterial diet and a standard diet. For the last comparison, no significant difference was seen between patients who received herbal and placebo mouthwash. CONCLUSIONS Very limited evidence was available to measure the effectiveness of nondrug interventions in hematological cancers. The effectiveness of the interventions included in this review needs to be evaluated further in high-quality RCTs in a dedicated setting among patients with hematological malignancies. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020169186; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=169186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Asiah Muhamad
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hasnah Ma'amor
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Normi Mustapha
- Faculty Science and Technology, Open University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Norhasny Leman
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Izzah Athirah Rosli
- Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Marilyn Umar
- Non-Communicable Disease Section, Sarawak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Aris
- Director's Office, Institutes for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nai Ming Lai
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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