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Aparicio-Blanco J, Vishwakarma N, Lehr CM, Prestidge CA, Thomas N, Roberts RJ, Thorn CR, Melero A. Antibiotic resistance and tolerance: What can drug delivery do against this global threat? Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1725-1734. [PMID: 38341386 PMCID: PMC11052818 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and tolerance (AMR&T) are urgent global health concerns, with alarmingly increasing numbers of antimicrobial drugs failing and a corresponding rise in related deaths. Several reasons for this situation can be cited, such as the misuse of traditional antibiotics, the massive use of sanitizing measures, and the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, fisheries, and cattle. AMR&T management requires a multifaceted approach involving various strategies at different levels, such as increasing the patient's awareness of the situation and measures to reduce new resistances, reduction of current misuse or abuse, and improvement of selectivity of treatments. Also, the identification of new antibiotics, including small molecules and more complex approaches, is a key factor. Among these, novel DNA- or RNA-based approaches, the use of phages, or CRISPR technologies are some potent strategies under development. In this perspective article, emerging and experienced leaders in drug delivery discuss the most important biological barriers for drugs to reach infectious bacteria (bacterial bioavailability). They explore how overcoming these barriers is crucial for producing the desired effects and discuss the ways in which drug delivery systems can facilitate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikhar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur, 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department Drug Delivery across Biological Barriers (DDEL), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | | | - Chelsea R Thorn
- Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA, 01810, USA.
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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Shahoy S, Du M, Mostafa O, Parker A, Martirano D, Owens MT. Undergraduate-level biology students' application of central dogma to understand COVID mRNA vaccines. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2024; 25:e0016723. [PMID: 38661396 PMCID: PMC11044620 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00167-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the importance of mRNA vaccines. The mechanism for how such vaccines work is related to the core biology topic of the central dogma, which students often misunderstand despite its importance. Therefore, we wanted to know whether students can apply their biology knowledge of central dogma to the real-world issue of how mRNA COVID vaccines work. Accordingly, we asked college biology students of different expertise levels how the COVID vaccine worked. Later, we cued them by telling them the vaccine contains mRNA and asked them what the mRNA does. We used thematic analysis to find common ideas in their responses. In the uncued condition, fewer than half of the students used central dogma-related ideas to explain what was in the vaccine or how the vaccine worked. Inaccurate ideas were present among all groups of biology students, particularly entering biology majors and non-biology majors, including the idea that the COVID vaccines contain a weakened, dead, or variant form of the COVID virus. After students were cued, many more students in all expertise groups expressed central dogma-related themes, showing that students could apply the knowledge of central dogma if prompted. Advanced biology majors were much more likely to state that the vaccines code for a viral protein, indicating their advanced application of central dogma concepts. These results highlight inaccurate ideas common among students and show changes in the ability to apply knowledge with student expertise level, which could inform future interventions to support student learning about vaccines and central dogma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Shahoy
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michelle Du
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ola Mostafa
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aliyah Parker
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dylan Martirano
- Department of Psychology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Melinda T. Owens
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Program in Mathematics and Science Education, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Dos Santos Fonseca LM, Machado BAS, Oliveira FO, de Jesus Santos JR, da Silva JW, Hodel KVS, Rosatti BG, Pinto CD, Soares MBP. An overview on recent patents and technologies on nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:171-186. [PMID: 38578253 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleic acid-based therapeutics offer groundbreaking potential for treating genetic diseases and advancing next-generation vaccines. Despite their promise, challenges in efficient delivery persist due to the properties of nucleic acids. Nanoparticles (NPs) serve as vital carriers, facilitating effective delivery to target cells, and addressing these challenges. Understanding the global landscape of patents in this field is essential for fostering innovation and guiding decision-making for researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory agencies. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive overview of patent compositions, applications, and manufacturing aspects concerning NPs as nucleic acid delivery systems. It delves into temporal trends, protection locations, market dynamics, and the most influential technological domains. In this work, we provide valuable insights into the advancements and potential of NP-based nucleic acid delivery systems, with a special focus on their pivotal role in advancing cutting-edge therapeutic solutions. EXPERT OPINION Investment in NPs for nucleic acid delivery has significantly surged in recent years. However, translating these therapies into clinical practice faces obstacles, including the need for robust clinical evidence, regulatory compliance, and streamlined manufacturing processes. To address these challenges, our review article summarizes recent advances. We aim to engage researchers worldwide in the development of these promising technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Moraes Dos Santos Fonseca
- FIOCRUZ Bahia, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- FIOCRUZ Bahia, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira
- FIOCRUZ Bahia, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline Wang da Silva
- FIOCRUZ Bahia, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Katharine Valeria Saraiva Hodel
- FIOCRUZ Bahia, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Brisa Gonçalves Rosatti
- FIOCRUZ Bahia, Gonçalo Moniz Institute (IGM) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), SENAI CIMATEC University Center, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Zhao B, Zhang X, Bickle MS, Fu S, Li Q, Zhang F. Development of polypeptide-based materials toward messenger RNA delivery. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2250-2264. [PMID: 38213302 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05635j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutic agents have demonstrated significant potential in recent times, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. As a promising prophylactic and therapeutic strategy, polypeptide-based mRNA delivery systems attract significant interest because of their low cost, simple preparation, tuneable sizes and morphology, convenient large-scale production, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this review, we begin with a brief discussion of the synthesis of polypeptides, followed by a review of commonly used polypeptides in mRNA delivery, including classical polypeptides and cell-penetrating peptides. Then, the challenges against mRNA delivery, including extracellular, intracellular, and clinical barriers, are discussed in detail. Finally, we highlight a range of strategies for polypeptide-based mRNA delivery, offering valuable insights into the advancement of polypeptide-based mRNA carrier development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Molly S Bickle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Shiwei Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Qingchun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Fuwu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
- The Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Chandarana C, Tiwari A. A Review of Clinical Trials of Cancer and Its Treatment as a Vaccine. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2024; 19:7-33. [PMID: 37953617 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871260733231031081921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and infectious diseases are one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. An unhealthy lifestyle, poor drug use, or drug misuse contribute to the rise in morbidity and mortality brought on by these illnesses. The inadequacies of the medications now being used to treat these disorders, along with the growing issue of drug resistance, have compelled researchers to look for novel compounds with therapeutic promise. The number of infections and diseases has significantly abated due to vaccine development and use over time, which is described in detail. Several novel vaccines can now be produced by manipulating Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA), Messenger Ribonucleic acid (mRNA), proteins, viral vector Recombinant, and other molecules due to advances in genetic engineering and our understanding of the immune defense. OBJECTIVE The main topic of discussion is cancer-based vaccinations, which were developed less than a decade ago but have already been used to treat a wide range of both life-threatening and deadly diseases. It contains clinical studies for cancer vaccines against kidney, liver, prostate, cervix, and certain RNA-based cancer vaccines against breast and bladder cancer. RESULTS Numerous studies using various DNA and RNA-based methods have been conducted on the basis of cancer, with 9-10 diseases related to DNA and 8-9 diseases associated with RNA. Some of these studies have been completed, while others have been eliminated due to a lack of research; further studies are ongoing regarding the same. CONCLUSION This brief discussion of vaccines and their varieties with examples also discusses vaccine clinical trials in relation to cancer diseases in this DNA and RNA-based cancer vaccine that has had successful clinical trials like the cervical cancer drug VGX-3100, the kidney cancer drug Pembrolizumab, MGN-1601, the prostate cancer drug pTVG-HP with rhGM-CSF, the melanoma cancer drug proteasome siRNA, and the lung cancer drug FRAME-001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Chandarana
- Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli Road, Silvassa, U.T of Dadra Nagar and Haveli- 396230, India
| | - Anuradha Tiwari
- Department of Quality Assurance, SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli Road, Silvassa, U.T of Dadra Nagar and Haveli- 396230, India
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Lima ES, dos Santos D, Souza AL, Macedo ME, Bandeira ME, Junior SSS, Fiuza BSD, Rocha VPC, dos Santos Fonseca LM, Nunes DDG, Hodel KVS, Machado BAS. RNA Combined with Nanoformulation to Advance Therapeutic Technologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1634. [PMID: 38139761 PMCID: PMC10745936 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies have the potential to address numerous diseases that pose significant challenges to more traditional methods. RNA-based therapies have emerged as a promising avenue, utilizing nanoformulation treatments to target a range of pathologies. Nanoformulation offers several advantages compared to other treatment modalities, including targeted delivery, low toxicity, and bioactivity suitable for drug loading. At present, various types of nanoformulations are available, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), magnetic NPs, nanoshells, and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). RNA-based therapy utilizes intracellular gene nanoparticles with messenger RNA (mRNA) emerging prominently in cancer therapy and immunotechnology against infectious diseases. The approval of mRNA-based technology opens doors for future technological advancements, particularly self-amplifying replicon RNA (repRNA). RepRNA is a novel platform in gene therapy, comprising viral RNA with a unique molecular property that enables the amplification of all encoded genetic information countless times. As a result, repRNA-based therapies have achieved significant levels of gene expression. In this context, the primary objective of this study is to furnish a comprehensive review of repRNA and its applications in nanoformulation treatments, with a specific focus on encapsulated nanoparticles. The overarching goal is to provide an extensive overview of the use of repRNA in conjunction with nanoformulations across a range of treatments and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC (Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus), Salvador 41650-010, Brazil; (E.S.L.); (D.d.S.); (A.L.S.); (M.E.M.); (M.E.B.); (S.S.S.J.); (B.S.D.F.); (V.P.C.R.); (L.M.d.S.F.); (D.D.G.N.); (K.V.S.H.)
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7
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Hayes G, Dias-Barbieri B, Yilmaz G, Shattock RJ, Becer CR. Poly(2-oxazoline)/saRNA Polyplexes for Targeted and Nonviral Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5142-5151. [PMID: 37792545 PMCID: PMC10646937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
RNA delivery has been demonstrated to be a potent method of vaccine delivery, as demonstrated by the recent success of the COVID-19 vaccines. Polymers have been shown to be effective vehicles for RNA delivery, with poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) being the current gold standard for delivery. Nonetheless, PEI has toxicity concerns, and so finding alternatives is desirable. Poly(2-oxazoline)s are a promising alternative to PEI, as they are generally biocompatible and offer a high degree of control over the polymer structure. Here, we have synthesized an ionizable primary amine 2-oxazoline and combined it with a double bond containing oxazoline to synthesize a small library of charged statistical and block copolymers. The pendant double bonds were reacted further to decorate the polymers with glucose via a thiol-ene click reaction. All polymers were shown to have excellent cell viability, and the synthesized block polymers showed promising complexation efficiencies for the saRNA, demonstrating a clear structure-property relationship. The polymer transfection potential was tested in various cell lines, and a polymer composition with an amine/glucose ratio of 9:27 has demonstrated the best transfection potential across all cell lines tested. Overall, the results suggest that block polymers with a cationic segment and high levels of glycosylation have the best complexation efficiency and RNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Hayes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Dias-Barbieri
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London W21PG, United Kingdom
| | - Gokhan Yilmaz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London W21PG, United Kingdom
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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8
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de Araújo Rolo C, Machado BAS, Dos Santos MC, Dos Santos RF, Fonseca MS, Hodel KVS, Silva JR, Nunes DDG, Dos Santos Almeida E, de Andrade JB. Long-term monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence in raw and treated wastewater in Salvador, the largest capital of the Brazilian Northeast. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15238. [PMID: 37709804 PMCID: PMC10502096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) becomes an interesting epidemiological approach to monitoring the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 broadly and non-invasively. Herein, we employ for the first time WBE, associated or not with the PEG 8000 precipitation method, for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in samples of raw or treated wastewater from 22 municipal wastewater treatment stations (WWTPs) located in Salvador, the fourth most populous city in Brazil. Our results demonstrate the success of the application of WBE for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in both types of evaluated samples, regardless of the usage of PEG 8000 concentration procedure. Further, an increase in SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was observed in samples collected in months that presented the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 cases (May/2021, June/2021 and January/2022). While PEG 8000 concentration step was found to significantly increase the positivity rate in treated wastewater samples (p < 0.005), a strong positive correlation (r: 0.84; p < 0.002) between non-concentrated raw wastewater samples with the number of new cases of COVID-19 (April/2021-February/2022) was observed. In general, the present results reinforce the efficiency of WBE approach to monitoring the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in either low- or high-capacity WWTPs. The successful usage of WBE even in raw wastewater samples makes it an interesting low-cost tool for epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Araújo Rolo
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
- SENAI CIMATEC, Manufacturing and Technology Integrated Campus, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Matheus Carmo Dos Santos
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Fernandes Dos Santos
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Maísa Santos Fonseca
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rebouças Silva
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Danielle Devequi Gomes Nunes
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Edna Dos Santos Almeida
- SENAI CIMATEC, Manufacturing and Technology Integrated Campus, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil.
- SENAI CIMATEC, Manufacturing and Technology Integrated Campus, University Center SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, 41650-010, Brazil.
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, 40170-115, Brazil.
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Luo D, Wu Z, Wang D, Zhang J, Shao F, Wang S, Cestellos-Blanco S, Xu D, Cao Y. Lateral flow immunoassay for rapid and sensitive detection of dsRNA contaminants in in vitro-transcribed mRNA products. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:445-453. [PMID: 37181450 PMCID: PMC10173069 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
High purity is essential in mRNA-based therapeutic applications. A major contaminant of in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA manufacturing is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can induce severe anti-viral immune responses. Detection methods, such as agarose gel electrophoresis, ELISA, and dot-blot assay, are used to detect the existence of dsRNA in IVT mRNA products. However, these methods are either not sensitive enough or time-consuming. To overcome these challenges, we develop a rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-implement colloidal gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow strip assay (LFSA) with sandwich format for the detection of dsRNA from IVT process. dsRNA contaminant can be determined visually on the test strip or quantitatively with a portable optical detector. This method allows for a 15 min detection of N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ)-containing dsRNA with a detection limit of 69.32 ng/mL. Furthermore, we establish the correlation between the LFSA test results and the immune response caused by dsRNA in mice. The LFSA platform allows the rapid, sensitive, and quantitative monitoring of purity in massive IVT mRNA products and aids for the prevention of immunogenicity by dsRNA impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengwang Luo
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhanfeng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daming Wang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (SIBET), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China
- Anbio Biotechnology Company, Xiamen, Fujian 361026, China
| | - Jieli Zhang
- Anbio Biotechnology Company, Xiamen, Fujian 361026, China
| | - Fei Shao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Stefano Cestellos-Blanco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dawei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Corresponding author: Dawei Xu, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yuhong Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author: Yuhong Cao, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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10
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Bernard MC, Bazin E, Petiot N, Lemdani K, Commandeur S, Verdelet C, Margot S, Perkov V, Ripoll M, Garinot M, Ruiz S, Boudet F, Rokbi B, Haensler J. The impact of nucleoside base modification in mRNA vaccine is influenced by the chemistry of its lipid nanoparticle delivery system. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:794-806. [PMID: 37346973 PMCID: PMC10280092 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of modified nucleosides is an important approach to mitigate the intrinsic immunostimulatory activity of exogenous mRNA and to increase its translation for mRNA therapeutic applications. However, for vaccine applications, the intrinsic immunostimulatory nature of unmodified mRNA could help induce productive immunity. Additionally, the ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) used to deliver mRNA vaccines can possess immunostimulatory properties that may influence the impact of nucleoside modification. Here we show that uridine replacement with N1-methylpseudouridine in an mRNA vaccine encoding influenza hemagglutinin had a significant impact on the induction of innate chemokines/cytokines and a positive impact on the induction of functional antibody titers in mice and macaques when MC3 or KC2 LNPs were used as delivery systems, while it impacted only minimally the titers obtained with L319 LNPs, indicating that the impact of nucleoside modification on mRNA vaccine efficacy varies with LNP composition. In line with previous observations, we noticed an inverse correlation between the induction of high innate IFN-α titers in the macaques and antigen-specific immune responses. Furthermore, and consistent with the species specificity of pathogen recognition receptors, we found that the effect of uridine replacement did not strictly translate from mice to non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Bazin
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Nadine Petiot
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Katia Lemdani
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Sylvie Commandeur
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Cécile Verdelet
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Sylvie Margot
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Vladimir Perkov
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Manon Ripoll
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Marie Garinot
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Sophie Ruiz
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Florence Boudet
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Bachra Rokbi
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Jean Haensler
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
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11
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Nanotechnology-Based RNA Vaccines: Fundamentals, Advantages and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010194. [PMID: 36678823 PMCID: PMC9864317 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, many drugs based on the use of nanotechnology and nucleic acids have been developed. However, until recently, most of them remained at the stage of pre-clinical development and testing and did not find their way to the clinic. In our opinion, the main reason for this situation lies in the enormous complexity of the development and industrial production of such formulations leading to their high cost. The development of nanotechnology-based drugs requires the participation of scientists from many and completely different specialties including Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicine, Engineering, Drug Delivery, Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Physiology and so on. Nevertheless, emergence of coronavirus and new vaccines based on nanotechnology has shown the high efficiency of this approach. Effective development of vaccines based on the use of nucleic acids and nanomedicine requires an understanding of a wide range of principles including mechanisms of immune responses, nucleic acid functions, nanotechnology and vaccinations. In this regard, the purpose of the current review is to recall the basic principles of the work of the immune system, vaccination, nanotechnology and drug delivery in terms of the development and production of vaccines based on both nanotechnology and the use of nucleic acids.
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12
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Kim B, Hosn RR, Remba T, Yun D, Li N, Abraham W, Melo MB, Cortes M, Li B, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Irvine DJ. Optimization of storage conditions for lipid nanoparticle-formulated self-replicating RNA vaccines. J Control Release 2023; 353:241-253. [PMID: 36414195 PMCID: PMC9708520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The recent clinical success of multiple mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has proven the potential of RNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in humans, and products based on base-modified RNA, sequence-optimized RNA, and self-replicating RNAs formulated in LNPs are all in various stages of clinical development. However, much remains to be learned about critical parameters governing the manufacturing and use of LNP-RNA formulations. One important issue that has received limited attention in the literature to date is the identification of optimal storage conditions for LNP-RNA that preserve long-term activity of the formulations. Here, we analyzed the physical structure, in vivo expression characteristics, and functional activity of alphavirus-derived self-replicating RNA (repRNA)-loaded LNPs encoding HIV vaccine antigens following storage in varying temperatures, buffers, and in the presence or absence of cryoprotectants. We found that for lipid nanoparticles with compositions similar to clinically-used LNPs, storage in RNAse-free PBS containing 10% (w/v) sucrose at -20 °C was able to maintain vaccine stability and in vivo potency at a level equivalent to freshly prepared vaccines following 30 days of storage. LNPs loaded with repRNA could also be lyophilized with retention of bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungji Kim
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ryan R Hosn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tanaka Remba
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dongsoo Yun
- Nanotechnology Materials Core, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Manuel Cortes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bridget Li
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yuebao Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Cancer Engineering, Center for Cancer Metabolism, Pelotonia Institute for Immune-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Departments of Biological Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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13
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McCafferty S, Haque AKMA, Vandierendonck A, Weidensee B, Plovyt M, Stuchlíková M, François N, Valembois S, Heyndrickx L, Michiels J, Ariën KK, Vandekerckhove L, Abdelnabi R, Foo CS, Neyts J, Sahu I, Sanders NN. A dual-antigen self-amplifying RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces potent humoral and cellular immune responses and protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants through T cell-mediated immunity. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2968-2983. [PMID: 35450821 PMCID: PMC9020838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-amplifying RNA vaccines may induce equivalent or more potent immune responses at lower doses compared to non-replicating mRNA vaccines via amplified antigen expression. In this paper, we demonstrate that 1 μg of an LNP-formulated dual-antigen self-amplifying RNA vaccine (ZIP1642), encoding both the S-RBD and N antigen, elicits considerably higher neutralizing antibody titers against Wuhan-like Beta B.1.351 and Delta B.1.617.2 SARS-CoV-2 variants compared to those of convalescent patients. In addition, ZIP1642 vaccination in mice expanded both S- and N-specific CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells and caused a Th1 shifted cytokine response. We demonstrate that the induction of such dual antigen-targeted cell-mediated immune response may provide better protection against variants displaying highly mutated Spike proteins, as infectious viral loads of both Wuhan-like and Beta variants were decreased after challenge of ZIP1642 vaccinated hamsters. Supported by these results, we encourage redirecting focus toward the induction of multiple antigen-targeted cell-mediated immunity in addition to neutralizing antibody responses to bypass waning antibody responses and attenuate infectious breakthrough and disease severity of future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McCafferty
- Ziphius Vaccines NV, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nathalie François
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Leo Heyndrickx
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Michiels
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline S Foo
- University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute (CRIG), Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Intratumoral electroporation of a self-amplifying RNA expressing IL-12 induces antitumor effects in mouse models of cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:387-399. [PMID: 36035753 PMCID: PMC9386029 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alphavirus vectors based on self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) generate high and transient levels of transgene expression and induce innate immune responses, making them an interesting tool for antitumor therapy. These vectors are usually delivered as viral particles, but it is also possible to administer them as RNA. We evaluated this possibility by in vivo electroporation of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) saRNA for local treatment of murine colorectal MC38 subcutaneous tumors. Optimization of saRNA electroporation conditions in tumors was performed using an SFV vector coding for luciferase. Then we evaluated the therapeutic potential of this approach using an SFV saRNA coding for interleukin-12 (SFV-IL-12), a proinflammatory cytokine with potent antitumor effects. Delivery of SFV-IL-12 saRNA by electroporation led to improvement in tumor control and higher survival compared with mice treated with electroporation or with SFV-IL-12 saRNA alone. The antitumor efficacy of SFV-IL-12 saRNA electroporation increased by combination with systemic PD-1 blockade. This therapy, which was also validated in a hepatocellular carcinoma tumor model, suggests that local delivery of saRNA by electroporation could be an attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy. This approach could have easy translation to the clinical practice, especially for percutaneously accessible tumors.
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15
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Oh KB, Doherty TM, Vetter V, Bonanni P. Lifting non-pharmaceutical interventions following the COVID-19 pandemic - the quiet before the storm? Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1541-1553. [PMID: 36039786 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2117693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the first months of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that begun in 2020, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been adopted worldwide. However, the effects of NPI implementation go beyond slowing the spread of COVID-19. Here, we review the non-intended effects that may have arisen from prolonged application of NPIs. AREAS COVERED NPIs also affected the epidemiology of other infectious diseases, with unprecedentedly low circulation of several respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses being observed worldwide in 2020. While this was a welcome effect for already strained healthcare systems, prolonged low exposure to pathogens may result in an increased pool of individuals susceptible to certain diseases. Out-of-season or unusually intense outbreaks of non-vaccine preventable diseases have already been documented as NPIs were gradually eased. In the context of widespread and important disruptions in national vaccination programs during the early phase of the pandemic, the risk of vaccine-preventable disease resurgence after NPIs are lifted cannot be excluded either. EXPERT OPINION Awareness must be raised of the risk of vaccine-preventable disease resurgence, and efforts need to be made to mitigate this risk, where possible, by increasing vaccination coverage. Research and regulatory opportunities brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic should be seized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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16
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Perception of Professionals from Different Healthcare Units Regarding the Use of Spray Technology for the Instantaneous Decontamination of Personal Protective Equipment during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic: A Short Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Within the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, different disinfection technologies have been developed to efficiently exercise microbial control, especially to minimize the potential risks that are associated with transmission and infection among healthcare professionals. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the perception of professionals regarding the use of a new technology (chamber) for the instantaneous decontamination of personal protective equipment before the doffing stage. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study where the study data were obtained by using a questionnaire with qualitative questions. In total, 245 professionals participated in the study in three hospitals. Healthcare professionals represented 72.24% (n = 177) of the investigated sample. Approximately 69% of the professionals considered the disinfection chamber as a safe technology, and 75.10% considered it as an important and effective protective barrier for healthcare professionals in view of its application before the doffing process. The results found in this study demonstrate that the use of spray technology in the stage prior to the doffing process is acceptable to professionals, and that it can be an important tool for ensuring the additional protection of the professionals who work directly with patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19.
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17
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Kida H, Feril LB, Irie Y, Endo H, Itaka K, Tachibana K. Influence of Nanobubble Size Distribution on Ultrasound-Mediated Plasmid DNA and Messenger RNA Gene Delivery. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855495. [PMID: 35721213 PMCID: PMC9198282 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanobubbles (NBs) for ultrasound-mediated gene therapy has recently attracted much attention. However, few studies have evaluated the effect of different NB size distribution to the efficiency of gene delivery into cells. In this study, various size of albumin stabilized sub-micron bubbles were examined in an in vitro ultrasound (1 MHz) irradiation setup in the aim to compare and optimize gene transfer efficiency. Results with pDNA showed that gene transfer efficiency in the presence of NB size of 254.7 ± 3.8 nm was 2.5 fold greater than those with 187.3 ± 4.8 nm. Similarly, carrier-free mRNA transfer efficiency increased in the same conditions. It is suggested that NB size greater than 200 nm contributed more to the delivery of genes into the cytoplasm with ultrasound. Although further experiments are needed to understand the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon, the present results offer valuable information in optimizing of NB for future ultrasound-mediate gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kida
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Loreto B Feril
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Irie
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitomi Endo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Itaka
- Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuro Tachibana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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Alagheband Bahrami A, Azargoonjahromi A, Sadraei S, Aarabi A, Payandeh Z, Rajabibazl M. An overview of current drugs and prophylactic vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:38. [PMID: 35562685 PMCID: PMC9100302 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to reduce the burden and spread of a disease. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies invested a great deal of time and money in trying to control and combat the disease. In this regard, due to the urgent need, many vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. Based on their manufacturing technology, the vaccines available for COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV2)) infection can be classified into four platforms: RNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, subunit (protein-based) vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines. Moreover, various drugs have been deemed to negatively affect the progression of the infection via various actions. However, adaptive variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome can alter the pathogenic potential of the virus and increase the difficulty of both drug and vaccine development. In this review, along with drugs used in COVID-19 treatment, currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines as well as variants of the virus are described and evaluated, considering all platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samin Sadraei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aryan Aarabi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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The Importance of Vaccination in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Brief Update Regarding the Use of Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040591. [PMID: 35455340 PMCID: PMC9027942 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led the world to undertake the largest vaccination campaign in human history. In record time, unprecedented scientific and governmental efforts have resulted in the acquisition of immunizers utilizing different technologies (nucleotide acids, viral vectors, inactivated and protein-based vaccines). Currently, 33 vaccines have already been approved by regulatory agencies in different countries, and more than 10 billion doses have been administered worldwide. Despite the undeniable impact of vaccination on the control of the pandemic, the recurrent emergence of new variants of interest has raised new challenges. The recent viral mutations precede new outbreaks that rapidly spread at global proportions. In addition, reducing protective efficacy rates have been observed among the main authorized vaccines. Besides these issues, several other crucial issues for the appropriate combatting of the pandemic remain uncertain or under investigation. Particularly noteworthy issues include the use of vaccine-boosting strategies to increase protection; concerns related to the long-term safety of vaccines, child immunization reliability and uncommon adverse events; the persistence of the virus in society; and the transition from a pandemic to an endemic state. In this review, we describe the updated scenario regarding SARS-CoV-2 variants and COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, we outline current discussions covering COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy, and the future pandemic perspectives.
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20
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Maiese A, Baronti A, Manetti AC, Di Paolo M, Turillazzi E, Frati P, Fineschi V. Death after the Administration of COVID-19 Vaccines Approved by EMA: Has a Causal Relationship Been Demonstrated? Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020308. [PMID: 35214765 PMCID: PMC8875435 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
More than eight billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered globally so far and 44.29% of people are fully vaccinated. Pre-authorization clinical trials were carried out and the safety of vaccines is still continuously monitored through post-commercialization surveillance. However, some people are afraid of vaccine side effects, claiming they could lead to death, and hesitate to get vaccinated. Herein, a literature review of COVID-19-vaccine-related deaths has been carried out according to the PRISMA standards to understand if there is a causal relationship between vaccination and death and to highlight the real extent of such events. There have been 55 cases of death after COVID-19 vaccination reported and a causal relationship has been excluded in 17 cases. In the remaining cases, the causal link between the vaccine and the death was not specified (8) or considered possible (15), probable (1), or very probable/demonstrated (14). The causes of deaths among these cases were: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) (32), myocarditis (3), ADEM (1), myocardial infarction (1), and rhabdomyolysis (1). In such cases, the demonstration of a causal relationship is not obvious, and more studies, especially with post-mortem investigations, are needed to deepen understanding of the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of fatal vaccine side effects. In any event, given the scarcity of fatal cases, the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks and the scientific community needs to be cohesive in asserting that vaccination is fundamental to containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Maiese
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Arianna Baronti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Alice Chiara Manetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Marco Di Paolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (A.B.); (A.C.M.); (M.D.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0649912722
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21
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Marchlewska M, Hamer K, Baran M, Górska P, Kaniasty K. COVID-19: Why Do People Refuse Vaccination? The Role of Social Identities and Conspiracy Beliefs: Evidence from Nationwide Samples of Polish Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020268. [PMID: 35214726 PMCID: PMC8879551 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, we focus on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and empirically examine how different forms of social identity (defensive vs. secure national identity and identification with all humanity) and conspiracy beliefs are associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. In two cross-sectional nationwide surveys (Study 1, n = 432, and Study 2, n = 807), we found that willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 was negatively linked to national narcissism, but positively related to a secure national identification, that is, national identification without the narcissistic component. In both studies, we also found that the relationship between narcissistic (vs. secure) national identity and unwillingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 was mediated by COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy beliefs. These effects were present even when we accounted for basic demographics (Studies 1 and 2) and identification with all humanity (Study 2), which had been found to be a significant predictor of health behaviors during COVID-19. In line with previous research, identification with all humanity was positively associated with the willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19. We discuss the implications for understanding the role of the way in which people identify with their national and supranational groups in antiscience attitudes and (mal)adaptive behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marchlewska
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1 Jaracza St., 00-378 Warsaw, Poland; (K.H.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225831380
| | - Katarzyna Hamer
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1 Jaracza St., 00-378 Warsaw, Poland; (K.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Maria Baran
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 19/31 Chodakowska St., 03-815 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paulina Górska
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, 5/6 Stawki St., 00-183 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kaniasty
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1 Jaracza St., 00-378 Warsaw, Poland; (K.H.); (K.K.)
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15701, USA
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Zaremba A, Zaremba P, Budzanivska I, Zahorodnia S. PATTERNS OF THE INFLUENCE OF VACCINATION ON THE DYNAMICS OF DIFFERENT SARS-COV-2 VARIANTS SPREAD. TWO-YEAR ANALYSIS. BULLETIN OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV. SERIES: BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.17721/1728.2748.2022.89.39-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The new coronavirus, now known as SARS-CoV-2, has attracted the attention of thousands of scientists around the world. This attention is primarily due to the significant impact of this pathogen on the economic and social aspects of the existence of a large number of people. Rapid and powerful anti-epidemic measures in most countries have led to a slowdown in the pandemic. And with the creation of a number of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, we have learned to counteract its spread in the field of resistance of each individual. Which obviously created an additional selection factor. And according to the classical concept of the host-parasite system, human impact on SARS-CoV-2 theoretically requires appropriate adaptive changes of the latter. In this work, by analyzing the statistical data available in open sources, we try to identify and study the existing patterns of the impact of vaccination on the dynamics of the spread of different SARS-CoV-2 variants for the period from the beginning of the pandemic to November 2021.
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Denner J. Vaccination against the Koala Retrovirus (KoRV): Problems and Strategies. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123555. [PMID: 34944329 PMCID: PMC8697897 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The koala retrovirus (KoRV) is spreading in the koala population from the north to the south of Australia and is also in the process of endogenization into the koala genome. Virus infection is associated with tumorigenesis and immunodeficiency and is contributing to the decline of the animal population. Antibody production is an excellent marker of retrovirus infection; however, animals carrying endogenous KoRV are tolerant. Therefore, the therapeutic immunization of animals carrying endogenous KoRV seems to be ineffective. Using the recombinant transmembrane (TM) envelope protein of the KoRV, we immunized goats, rats and mice, obtaining in all cases neutralizing antibodies which recognize epitopes in the fusion peptide proximal region (FPPR), and in the membrane-proximal external region (MPER). Immunizing several animal species with the corresponding TM envelope protein of the closely related porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), as well as the feline leukemia virus (FeLV), we also induced neutralizing antibodies with similar epitopes. Immunizing with the TM envelope protein in addition to the surface envelope proteins of all three viruses resulted in higher titers of neutralizing antibodies. Immunizing KoRV-negative koalas with our vaccine (which is composed of both envelope proteins) may protect these animals from infection, and these may be the starting points of a virus-free population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Denner
- Institute of Virology, Free University Berlin, Robert von Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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