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Anton-Păduraru DT, Murgu AM, Donos MA, Trofin F, Azoicăi AN, Popovici P, Stana AB, Gheorghiescu I, Trandafir LM. An Update in Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes in Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1879. [PMID: 38136081 PMCID: PMC10741586 DOI: 10.3390/children10121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper delineates several aspects of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD)-a common complication of cystic fibrosis (CF). CFRD exhibits a predilection for older individuals with CF, yet it also extends its influence on children and adolescents. Scientific insights postulate a potential link between CFRD and the aberrant mucus production within the pancreas, thereby culminating in pancreatic insufficiency. This, in turn, perturbs the synthesis of insulin, a pivotal endocrine hormone responsible for the regulation of glycemic levels. Standardized protocols advocate for the systematic screening of CFRD among all individuals with CF, commencing at the age of 10 years using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Therapeutic modalities encompass insulin therapy, dietary adjustments, and the vigilant monitoring of glycemic parameters. The overarching objective is to maintain blood glucose levels within a targeted range to mitigate the advent of diabetic complications. Untreated or sub-optimally managed CFRD can precipitate a spectrum of deleterious health ramifications, encompassing cardiovascular afflictions, neuropathy, renal dysfunction, and ocular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana-Teodora Anton-Păduraru
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (A.M.M.); (A.N.A.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (L.M.T.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Mariela Murgu
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (A.M.M.); (A.N.A.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (L.M.T.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mădălina Andreea Donos
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (A.M.M.); (A.N.A.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (L.M.T.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Felicia Trofin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity—Microbiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases “Sf. Parascheva”, 700116 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alice Nicoleta Azoicăi
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (A.M.M.); (A.N.A.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (L.M.T.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paula Popovici
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (A.M.M.); (A.N.A.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (L.M.T.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Aurelian Bogdan Stana
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (A.M.M.); (A.N.A.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (L.M.T.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Gheorghiescu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-T.A.-P.); (A.M.M.); (A.N.A.); (P.P.); (A.B.S.); (L.M.T.)
- “Sf. Maria” Children Emergency Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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Klupa T, Czupryniak L, Dzida G, Fichna P, Jarosz-Chobot P, Gumprecht J, Mysliwiec M, Szadkowska A, Bomba-Opon D, Czajkowski K, Malecki MT, Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz DA. Expanding the Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Modern Diabetes Care Beyond Type 1 Disease. Diabetes Ther 2023:10.1007/s13300-023-01431-3. [PMID: 37322319 PMCID: PMC10299981 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has moved diabetes care from a reactive to a proactive process, in which a person with diabetes can prevent episodes of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, rather than taking action only once low and high glucose are detected. Consequently, CGM devices are now seen as the standard of care for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Evidence now supports the use of CGM in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on any treatment regimen, not just for those on insulin therapy. Expanding the application of CGM to include all people with T1DM or T2DM can support effective intensification of therapies to reduce glucose exposure and lower the risk of complications and hospital admissions, which are associated with high healthcare costs. All of this can be achieved while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia and improving quality of life for people with diabetes. Wider application of CGM can also bring considerable benefits for women with diabetes during pregnancy and their children, as well as providing support for acute care of hospital inpatients who experience the adverse effects of hyperglycemia following admission and surgical procedures, as a consequence of treatment-related insulin resistance or reduced insulin secretion. By tailoring the application of CGM for daily or intermittent use, depending on the patient profile and their needs, one can ensure the cost-effectiveness of CGM in each setting. In this article we discuss the evidence-based benefits of expanding the use of CGM technology to include all people with diabetes, along with a diverse population of people with non-diabetic glycemic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Klupa
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Leszek Czupryniak
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dzida
- Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Fichna
- Department of Pediatric Diabetes and Obesity, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Gumprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Mysliwiec
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szadkowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Bomba-Opon
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czajkowski
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej T Malecki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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