1
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Perkins RS, Singh R, Abell AN, Krum SA, Miranda-Carboni GA. The role of WNT10B in physiology and disease: A 10-year update. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1120365. [PMID: 36814601 PMCID: PMC9939717 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT10B, a member of the WNT family of secreted glycoproteins, activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade to control proliferation, stemness, pluripotency, and cell fate decisions. WNT10B plays roles in many tissues, including bone, adipocytes, skin, hair, muscle, placenta, and the immune system. Aberrant WNT10B signaling leads to several diseases, such as osteoporosis, obesity, split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM), fibrosis, dental anomalies, and cancer. We reviewed WNT10B a decade ago, and here we provide a comprehensive update to the field. Novel research on WNT10B has expanded to many more tissues and diseases. WNT10B polymorphisms and mutations correlate with many phenotypes, including bone mineral density, obesity, pig litter size, dog elbow dysplasia, and cow body size. In addition, the field has focused on the regulation of WNT10B using upstream mediators, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). We also discussed the therapeutic implications of WNT10B regulation. In summary, research conducted during 2012-2022 revealed several new, diverse functions in the role of WNT10B in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Perkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rishika Singh
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amy N. Abell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A. Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Gustavo A. Miranda-Carboni,
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2
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Andl T, Zhou L, Zhang Y. The dermal papilla dilemma and potential breakthroughs in bioengineering hair follicles. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:221-233. [PMID: 36562864 PMCID: PMC9898212 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation and growing of de novo hair follicles is the most daring hair replacement approach to treat alopecia. This approach has been explored at least since the 1960s without major success. Latest in the 1980s, the realization that the mesenchymal compartment of hair follicles, the dermal papilla (DP), is the crucial signaling center and element required for fulfilling this vision of hair follicle engineering, propelled research into the fibroblasts that occupy the DP. However, working with DP fibroblasts has been stubbornly frustrating. Decades of work in understanding the nature of DP fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo have led to the appreciation that hair follicle biology is complex, and the dermal papilla is an enigma. Functional DP fibroblasts tend to aggregate in 2D culture, while impaired DP cells do not. This fact has stimulated recent approaches to overcome the hurdles to DP cell culture by mimicking their natural habitat, such as growing DP fibroblasts in three dimensions (3D) by their self-aggregation, adopting 3D matrix scaffold, or bioprinting 3D microstructures. Furthermore, including keratinocytes in the mix to form hair follicle-like composite structures has been explored but remains a far cry from a useful and affordable method to generate human hair follicles in sufficient quantity and quality in a practical time frame for patients. This suggests that the current strategies may have reached their limitations in achieving successful hair follicle bioengineering for clinical applications. Novel approaches are required to overcome these barriers, such as focusing on embryonic cell types and processes in combination with emerging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biological Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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3
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Hui T, Chen R, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Tian H, Wang W, Cong Y, Guo S, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Guo D, Bai M, Fan Y, Yue C, Bai Z, Sun J, Cai W, Zhang X, Gu M, Qin Y, Sun Y, Wu Y, Wu R, Dou X, Bai W, Zheng Y. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals Differential Cell Types in Skin Tissues of Liaoning Cashmere Goats and Key Genes Related Potentially to the Fineness of Cashmere Fiber. Front Genet 2021; 12:726670. [PMID: 34858469 PMCID: PMC8631524 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.726670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashmere fineness is one of the important factors determining cashmere quality; however, our understanding of the regulation of cashmere fineness at the cellular level is limited. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing and computational models to identify 13 skin cell types in Liaoning cashmere goats. We also analyzed the molecular changes in the development process by cell trajectory analysis and revealed the maturation process in the gene expression profile in Liaoning cashmere goats. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis explored hub genes in cell clusters related to cashmere formation. Secondary hair follicle dermal papilla cells (SDPCs) play an important role in the growth and density of cashmere. ACTA2, a marker gene of SDPCs, was selected for immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot (WB) verification. Our results indicate that ACTA2 is mainly expressed in SDPCs, and WB results show different expression levels. COL1A1 is a highly expressed gene in SDPCs, which was verified by IF and WB. We then selected CXCL8 of SDPCs to verify and prove the differential expression in the coarse and fine types of Liaoning cashmere goats. Therefore, the CXCL8 gene may regulate cashmere fineness. These genes may be involved in regulating the fineness of cashmere in goat SDPCs; our research provides new insights into the mechanism of cashmere growth and fineness regulation by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Taiyu Hui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuyan Cong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Suping Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanxu Zhu
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinghui Zhang
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Liaoning Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Man Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixing Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Yue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhixian Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weidong Cai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinjiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Gu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinggang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanzhi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingtang Dou
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenlin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Lin G, Yin G, Ye J, Pan X, Zhu J, Lin B. RNA sequence analysis of dermal papilla cells' regeneration in 3D culture. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13421-13430. [PMID: 33038058 PMCID: PMC7701577 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are crucial for hair follicle growth and regeneration. However, dermal papilla cells in 2D culture could lose their ability of regeneration after several passage intervals. As opposed to DPCs in 2D culture, the DPCs in 3D culture could passage extensively. However, the molecular mechanisms of DPCs’ regeneration in 3D culture remain unclear. Accordingly, gene sequencing is recommended for the investigation of hair regeneration between 2D and 3D culture, the three groups were established including DPCs in passage 2 in 2D culture, DPCs in passage 8 in 2D culture and DPCs in passage 8 in 3D culture. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Venn diagram of these three groups, which included 1642 known and 359 novel genes, respectively. A total of 1642 known genes were used for Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Gene, Genomic Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment and protein‐protein interaction (PPI) analyses, respectively. The functions and pathways of DEGs were enriched in biological regulation, signal transduction and immune system, etc. The key module and the top 10 hub genes (IL1B, CXCL12, HGF, EGFR, APP, CCL2, PTGS2, MMP9, NGF and SPP1) were also identified using the Cytoscape application. Furthermore, the qRT‐PCR results of the three groups validated that the hub genes were crucial for hair growth. In conclusion, the ten identified hub genes and related pathways in the current study can be used to understand the molecular mechanism of hair growth, and those provided a possibility for hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqian Yin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Pan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jiangying Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bojie Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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5
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Yin RH, Zhao SJ, Wang ZY, Zhu YB, Yin RL, Bai M, Fan YX, Wang W, Bai WL. LncRNA-599547 contributes the inductive property of dermal papilla cells in cashmere goat through miR-15b-5p/Wnt10b axis. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:493-507. [PMID: 32808845 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1806860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lncRNA-599547 (619-nt in length) is identified in secondary hair follicle (SHF) of cashmere goat, but its functional roles in regulating the inductive property of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) remains unknown. We found that lncRNA-599547 had significantly higher expression in dermal papilla of cashmere goat SHF at anagen than its counterpart at telogen. The overexpression of lncRNA-599547 led to a significant increase of ALP and LEF1 expression in DPCs (p < 0.05), whereas, the siLncRNA-1 mediated silencing of lncRNA-599547 significantly down-regulated the expression of ALP and LEF1 in DPCs (p < 0.05). Based on biotin-labeled RNA pull-down assay, we found that lncRNA-599547 directly interacted with chi-miR-15b-5p in DPCs. Based on both overexpression and silencing analysis of lncRNA-599547, our results indicate that lncRNA-599547 promotes the expression of Wnt10b in DPCs but without modulating its promoter methylation level. Using the mRNA-3'UTR fragments of goat Wnt10b containing the predicted binding sites of chi-miR-15b-5p in Dual-luciferase Reporter Assays, we show that lncRNA-599547 modulates the expression of Wnt10b at the chi-miR-15b-5p mediated post-transcriptional level. Taken together, our results indicate that lncRNA-599547 sponges miR-15b-5p to positively regulate the expression of Wnt10 gene, and thereby contributes the inductive property of DPCs in cashmere goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong H Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Su J Zhao
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze Y Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yu B Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Rong L Yin
- Research Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Man Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yi X Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Wen L Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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6
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Yin RH, Wang YR, Zhao SJ, Yin RL, Bai M, Wang ZY, Zhu YB, Cong YY, Liu HY, Bai WL. LncRNA-599554 sponges miR-15a-5p to contribute inductive ability of dermal papilla cells through positive regulation of the expression of Wnt3a in cashmere goat. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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7
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Zhou Q, Song Y, Zheng Q, Han R, Cheng H. Expression profile analysis of dermal papilla cells mRNA in response to WNT10B treatment. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1017-1023. [PMID: 32010264 PMCID: PMC6966109 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are associated with the development of hair follicles (HFs) and the regulation of the hair growth cycle. Previous studies have shown that Wnt family member 10B (WNT10B) plays an important role in the proliferation and survival of DPCs in vitro, and promotes the growth of HFs. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The present study evaluated the role of WNT10B in regulating HF morphogenesis by characterizing the differential gene expression profiles between WNT10B-treated DPCs and control DPCs using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 1,073 and 451 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. The RNA-seq data was subsequently validated by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that 442 GO terms and 21 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched. Further functional analysis revealed that WNT10B decreased translation initiation, elongation and termination, and RNA metabolic processes in cultured DPCs compared with controls in vitro. Human signaling networks were compared using pathway analysis, and treatment of DPCs with WNT10B was revealed to downregulate the ribosome biogenesis pathway and decrease protein synthesis in vitro. KEGG pathway analysis showed that WNT10B upregulated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. The present study analyzed the expression of mRNA in WNT10B-treated DPCs using next-generation sequencing and uncovered mechanisms regulating the induction of HFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoli Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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8
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Zhang L, Wang WH, Jin JY, Degan S, Zhang GQ, Erdmann D, Hall RP, Zhang JY. Induction of hair follicle neogenesis with cultured mouse dermal papilla cells in de novo regenerated skin tissues. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1641-1650. [PMID: 31216101 DOI: 10.1002/term.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
De novo skin regeneration with human keratinocytes amplified in culture is a life-saving procedure for patients with extensive skin loss and chronic wounds. It also provides a valuable platform for gene function and therapeutic assessments. Nevertheless, tissues generated in this manner lack hair follicles that are important for skin homeostasis, barrier function, and repair. In this study, we generated skin tissues with human keratinocytes combined with dermal papilla (DP) cells isolated from mouse whisker hair. For this, cultured keratinocytes and mouse DP (mDP) cells were mixed at 10:1 ratio and seeded onto devitalized human dermal matrix derived from surgically discarded human abdominoplasty skin. After 1 week in submerged culture, the cell/matrix composites were grafted onto the skin wound beds of immunocompromised NSG.SCID mice. Histological analysis of 6-week-old skin grafts showed that tissues generated with the addition of mDP cells contained Sox2-positive dermal condensates and well-differentiated folliculoid structures that express human keratinocyte markers. These results indicate that cultured mDP cells can induce hair follicle neogenesis in the de novo regenerated skin tissues. Our method offers a new experimental system for mechanistic studies of hair follicle morphogenesis and tissue regeneration and provides insights to solving an important clinical challenge in generation of fully functional skin with a limited source of donor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jane Y Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Simone Degan
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Detlev Erdmann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Russell P Hall
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jennifer Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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9
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Bai L, Gao S, Sun H, Zhao X, Yang L, Hu H, Sun J, Jiang W. Effects of Wnt10b on dermal papilla cells via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in the Angora rabbit. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1602-1609. [PMID: 31241227 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Wnt10b is a member of Wnt family that plays a variety of roles in biological functions, including those in the development of hair follicles. To investigate the effect of Wnt10b on hair growth in the Angora rabbit and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism, we cultured dermal papilla (DP) cells with exogenous Wnt10b in vitro. We observed the expressions of downstream critical gene β-catenin and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) in Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The levels of β-catenin mRNA and protein were higher in the Wnt10b group of DP cells than in the Control group, and the mRNA level of LEF1 in the Wnt10b group was higher than in the Control group. Moreover, translocation of β-catenin from cytoplasm to nucleus was activated in the Wnt10b group. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the hair follicle-regulatory genes, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the protein activity of ALP was also upregulated in the Wnt10b group compared to their corresponding levels in the Control group. These data suggest that Wnt10b could activate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway to induce DP cells in the Angora rabbit. In addition, the proliferation of DP cells was significantly promoted when cultured with Wnt10b for 48 and 72 hr, suggesting that Wnt10b plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and maintenance of DP cells in vitro. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Wnt10b may promote hair follicle growth in Angora rabbit through the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway that promotes the proliferation of DP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Bai
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxia Gao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Xingtai Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xingtai, China
| | - Wenxue Jiang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
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10
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Zheng Y, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Wang W, Bai M, Jiao Q, Wang Y, Zhao S, Yin X, Guo D, Bai W. LncRNA-000133 from secondary hair follicle of Cashmere goat: identification, regulatory network and its effects on inductive property of dermal papilla cells. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 31:122-134. [PMID: 30632899 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2018.1553788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-protein conding RNAs > 200 nt in length, were thought to play critical roles in regulating the expression of protein-coding genes. Here, we identified and characterized a novel lncRNA-000133 from the secondary hair follicle (SHF) of cashmere goat with its ceRNA network analysis, as well as, its potential effects on inductive property of dermal papilla cells were evaluated through overexpression analysis. Expression analysis indicated that lncRNA-000133 had a significantly higher expression at anagen than that at telogen in SHF of Cashmere goat, suggesting that lncRNA-000133 might be involved in the reconstruction of SHF with the formation and growth of cashmere fiber. Taken together with methylation analysis, we showed that 5' regulatory region methylation of the lncRNA-000133 gene might be involved in its expression suppression in SHF of Cashmere goat. The ceRNA regulatory network showed that a rich and complex regulatory relationship between lncRNA-000133 and related miRNAs with their target genes. The overexpression of lncRNA-000133 led to a significant increasing in the relative expression of ET-1, SCF, ALP and LEF1 in dermal papilla cells suggesting that lncRNA-000133 appears to contribute the inductive property of dermal papilla cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zeying Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Zhu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Man Bai
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Qian Jiao
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yanru Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Sujun Zhao
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xianbo Yin
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Dan Guo
- Academy of Animal Husbandry Science of Liaoning Province, Liaoyang, P. R. China
| | - Wenlin Bai
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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11
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Bak SS, Kwack MH, Shin HS, Kim JC, Kim MK, Sung YK. Restoration of hair-inductive activity of cultured human follicular keratinocytes by co-culturing with dermal papilla cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:360-364. [PMID: 30253942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle outer root sheath (ORS) cells can be expanded in vitro, but often lose receptivity to hair-inducing dermal signals. Recent studies have shown hair-inductive activity (trichogenicity) can be restored in rat ORS cells expanded with a fibroblast feeder by co-culturing with rat vibrissae dermal papilla (DP) cells. In this study, we investigated whether the trichogenicity of human ORS cells can be restored by co-culturing with human DP cells. ORS cells from human scalp hair follicles were cultured independently or with DP cells for 5 days and implanted into nude mice alongside freshly isolated neonatal mouse dermal cells. Although there was no hair induction when monocultured ORS cells were implanted, it was observed in co-cultured ORS cells. We also observed differential regulation of a number of genes in ORS cells co-cultured with DP cells compared to monocultured ORS cells as examined by microarray. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that human DP cells restore the trichogenicity of co-cultured ORS cells by influencing ORS gene expression through paracrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Sun Bak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kwack
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun Su Shin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Chul Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Moon Kyu Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
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12
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Leirós GJ, Ceruti JM, Castellanos ML, Kusinsky AG, Balañá ME. Androgens modify Wnt agonists/antagonists expression balance in dermal papilla cells preventing hair follicle stem cell differentiation in androgenetic alopecia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:26-34. [PMID: 27769713 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In androgenetic alopecia, androgens impair dermal papilla-induced hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) differentiation inhibiting Wnt signaling. Wnt agonists/antagonists balance was analyzed after dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulation in androgen-sensitive dermal papilla cells (DPC) cultured as spheroids or monolayer. In both culture conditions, DHT stimulation downregulated Wnt5a and Wnt10b mRNA while the Wnt antagonist Dkk-1 was upregulated. Notably, tissue architecture of DPC-spheroids lowers Dkk-1 and enhances Wnt agonists' basal expression; probably contributing to DPC inductivity. The role of Wnt agonists/antagonists as mediators of androgen inhibition of DPC-induced HFSC differentiation was evaluated. Inductive DPC-conditioned medium supplemented with DKK-1 impaired HFSC differentiation mimicking androgens' action. This effect was associated with inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in differentiating HFSC by both DPC-conditioned media. Moreover, addition of WNT10b to DPC-medium conditioned with DHT, overcame androgen inhibition of HFSC differentiation. Our results identify DKK1 and WNT10b as paracrine factors which modulate the HFSC differentiation inhibition involved in androgen-driven balding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo José Leirós
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta María Ceruti
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Lía Castellanos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Gabriela Kusinsky
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Balañá
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468, C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Smith AA, Li J, Liu B, Hunter D, Pyles M, Gillette M, Dhamdhere GR, Abo A, Oro A, Helms JA. Activating Hair Follicle Stem Cells via R-spondin2 to Stimulate Hair Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1549-1558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are associated with development of hair follicles (HFs) and regulation of the hair cycle. However, primary DPCs are known to lose their ability to induce HFs after culture in standard media for fibroblasts. We examined a new culture condition for DPCs including addition of Wnt-10b, which promoted proliferation and maintained their HF induction ability for more than ten passages. These results suggest that Wnt-10b plays a pivotal role in proliferation and maintenance of DPCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiteru Ouji
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Masahide Yoshikawa
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
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15
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Zhang Y, Xing Y, Guo H, Ma X, Li Y. Immunohistochemical study of hair follicle stem cells in regenerated hair follicles induced by Wnt10b. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:765-771. [PMID: 27766026 PMCID: PMC5069412 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the periodic regeneration of hair follicles is complicated. Although Wnt10b has been reported to induce hair follicle regeneration, the characteristics of induced hair follicles, especially the target cells of Wnt10b, have not yet been clearly elucidated. Thus, we systematically evaluated the expression and proliferation patterns of Wnt10b-induced hair follicles. We found that Wnt10b promoted the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells from 24 hours after AdWnt10b injection. Seventy-two hours after AdWnt10b injection, cells outside of bulge area began to proliferate. When the induced hair follicle entered full anagen, although the hair follicle stem cells were normal, canonical Wnt signaling was maintained in the hair precortex cells. Our results reveal that the target cells that overexpressed Wnt10b included hair follicle stem cells, hair precortex cells, and matrix cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.; Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yizhan Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haiying Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaogen Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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16
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Misu M, Ouji Y, Kawai N, Nishimura F, Nakamura-Uchiyama F, Yoshikawa M. Effects of Wnt-10b on proliferation and differentiation of murine melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:618-23. [PMID: 26056007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the strong expression of Wnt-10b in melanomas, its role in melanoma cells has not been elucidated. In the present study, the biological effects of Wnt-10b on murine B16F10 (B16) melanoma cells were investigated using conditioned medium from Wnt-10b-producing COS cells (Wnt-CM). After 2 days of culture in the presence of Wnt-CM, proliferation of B16 melanoma cells was inhibited, whereas tyrosinase activity was increased. An in vitro wound healing assay demonstrated that migration of melanoma cells to the wound area was inhibited with the addition of Wnt-CM. Furthermore, evaluation of cellular senescence revealed prominent induction of SA-β-gal-positive senescent cells in cultures with Wnt-CM. Finally, the growth of B16 melanoma cell aggregates in collagen 3D-gel cultures was markedly suppressed in the presence of Wnt-CM. These results suggest that Wnt-10b represses tumor cell properties, such as proliferation and migration of B16 melanoma cells, driving them toward a more differentiated state along a melanocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Misu
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukiteru Ouji
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Norikazu Kawai
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nishimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masahide Yoshikawa
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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17
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Bai X, Lei M, Shi J, Yu Y, Qiu W, Lai X, Liu Y, Yang T, Yang L, Widelitz RB, Chuong CM, Lian X. Roles of GasderminA3 in Catagen-Telogen Transition During Hair Cycling. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2162-2172. [PMID: 25860385 PMCID: PMC4537385 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hair follicles undergo cyclic behavior through regression (catagen), rest (telogen) and regeneration (anagen) during postnatal life. The hair cycle transition is strictly regulated by the autonomous and extrinsic molecular environment. However, whether there is a switch controlling catagen-telogen transition remains largely unknown. Here we show that hair follicles cycle from catagen to the next anagen without transitioning through a morphologically typical telogen after Gsdma3 mutation. This leaves an ESLS (epithelial strand-like structure) during the time period corresponding to telogen phase in WT mice. Molecularly, Wnt10b is upregulated in Gsdma3 mutant mice. Restoration of Gsdma3 expression in AE (alopecia and excoriation) mouse skin rescues hair follicle telogen entry and significantly decreases the Wnt10b-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Overexpression of Wnt10b inhibits telogen entry by increasing epithelial strand cell proliferation. Subsequently, hair follicles with a Gsdma3 mutation enter the second anagen simultaneously as WT mice. Hair follicles cannot enter the second anagen with ectopic WT Gsdma3 overexpression. A luciferase reporter assay proves Gsdma3 directly suppresses Wnt signaling. Our findings suggest Gsdma3 plays an important role in catagen-telogen transition by balancing the Wnt signaling pathway, and that morphologically typical telogen is not essential for the initiation of a new hair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Jiazhong Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; '111' Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaohua Lian
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Ouji Y, Nakamura-Uchiyama F, Yoshikawa M. Canonical Wnts, specifically Wnt-10b, show ability to maintain dermal papilla cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:493-9. [PMID: 23916705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although Wnts are expressed in hair follicles (HFs) and considered to be crucial for maintaining dermal papilla (DP) cells, the functional differences among them remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Wnts (Wnt-3a, 5a, 10b, 11) on the proliferation of mouse-derived primary DP cells in vitro as well as their trichogenesis-promoting ability using an in vivo skin reconstitution protocol. Wnt-10b promoted cell proliferation and trichogenesis, while Wnt-3a showed those abilities to a limited extent, and Wnt-5a and 11 had no effects. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of these Wnts on cultured DP cells obtained from versican-GFP transgenic mice and found that Wnt-10b had a potent ability to sustain their GFP-positivity. These results suggest that canonical Wnts, specifically Wnt-10b, play important roles in the maintenance of DP cells and trichogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiteru Ouji
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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19
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Shi C, Huang Y, Wang Y, Yang T, Yang J. Lef1 contributes to the differentiation of bulge stem cells by nuclear translocation and cross-talk with the Notch signaling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:738-46. [PMID: 23630438 PMCID: PMC3638297 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid enhancer binding factor-1 (Lef1) is an essential regulatory protein in the Wnt signal pathway, which controls cell growth and differentiation. Investigators in the field of skin biology have confirmed that multipotent bulge stem cells (BSCs) are responsible for hair follicle development and regeneration. However, the role of Lef1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the pattern of Lef1 expression at different stages of the hair growth cycle. Lef1 was strongly expressed during anagen but attenuated in both catagen- and telogen-phase hair follicles in vivo. When stem cells were induced to differentiate toward a hair fate in a co-culture system, Lef1 was notably up-regulated and accumulated in the nucleus, appearing to activate the target protein c-myc and jagged1. Simultaneously, the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways were co-activated, as confirmed by the increased expression of β-catenin and notch1. Plasmids expressing Lef1 and ΔNLef1, a construct in which the β-catenin-binding domain of Lef1 was deleted, were used to evaluate the effects of Lef1 on stem cell differentiation. Lef1 overexpression promoted bulge stem cell differentiation toward a hair fate, which was accompanied by the subsequent migration of β-catenin into the nucleus, whereas no changes were observed in the control group. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Lef1 plays an important role in bulge stem cell differentiation, promoting β-catenin translocation into the nucleus, activating downstream signaling molecules, eventually causing hair follicle bulge stem cells to adopt the hair fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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