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Xu H, Wang B, Li A, Wen J, Su H, Qin D. Mesenchymal Stem Cells-based Cell-free Therapy Targeting Neuroinflammation. Aging Dis 2024; 15:965-976. [PMID: 38722791 PMCID: PMC11081161 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging from several decades of extensive research, key genetic elements and biochemical mechanisms implicated in neuroinflammation have been delineated, contributing substantially to our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). In this minireview, we discuss data predominantly from the past three years, highlighting the pivotal roles and mechanisms of the two principal cell types implicated in neuroinflammation. The review also underscores the extended process of peripheral inflammation that predates symptomatic onset, the critical influence of neuroinflammation, and their dynamic interplay in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Confronting these complex challenges, we introduce compelling evidence supporting the use of mesenchymal stem cell-based cell-free therapy. This therapeutic strategy includes the regulation of microglia and astrocytes, modulation of peripheral nerve cell inflammation, and targeted anti-inflammatory interventions specifically designed for NDDs, while also discussing engineering and safety considerations. This innovative therapeutic approach intricately modulates the immune system across the peripheral and nervous systems, with an emphasis on achieving superior penetration and targeted delivery. The insights offered by this review have significant implications for the better understanding and management of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Mwema A, Muccioli GG, des Rieux A. Innovative drug delivery strategies to the CNS for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Control Release 2023; 364:435-457. [PMID: 37926243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS) represent a great emotional, financial and social burden. Despite intense efforts, great unmet medical needs remain in that field. MS is an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease with no curative treatment up to date. The current therapies mostly act in the periphery and seek to modulate aberrant immune responses as well as slow down the progression of the disease. Some of these therapies are associated with adverse effects related partly to their administration route and show some limitations due to their rapid clearance and inability to reach the CNS. The scientific community have recently focused their research on developing MS therapies targeting different processes within the CNS. However, delivery of therapeutics to the CNS is mainly limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop new drug delivery strategies that ensure CNS availability to capitalize on identified therapeutic targets. Several approaches have been developed to overcome or bypass the BBB and increase delivery of therapeutics to the CNS. Among these strategies, the use of alternative routes of administration, such as the nose-to-brain (N2B) pathway, offers a promising non-invasive option in the scope of MS, as it would allow a direct transport of the drugs from the nasal cavity to the brain. Moreover, the combination of bioactive molecules within nanocarriers bring forth new opportunities for MS therapies, allowing and/or increasing their transport to the CNS. Here we will review and discuss these alternative administration routes as well as the nanocarrier approaches useful to deliver drugs for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mwema
- Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Avenue E. Mounier 72, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, Avenue E. Mounier 72, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Université catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Yu M, Sun P, Sun C, Jin WL. Bioelectronic medicine potentiates endogenous NSCs for neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:886-896. [PMID: 37735022 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are commonly observed and while no therapy is universally applicable, cell-based therapies are promising. Stem cell transplantation has been investigated, but endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs), despite their potential, especially with the development of bioelectronic medicine and biomaterials, remain understudied. Here, we compare stem cell transplantation therapy with eNSC-based therapy and summarize the combined use of eNSCs and developing technologies. The rapid development of implantable biomaterials has resulted in electronic stimulation becoming increasingly effective and decreasingly invasive. Thus, the combination of bioelectronic medicine and eNSCs has substantial potential for the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maifu Yu
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Changkai Sun
- Research & Educational Center for the Control Engineering of Translational Precision Medicine (R-ECCE-TPM), School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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4
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Alizadeh R, Asghari A, Taghizadeh-Hesary F, Moradi S, Farhadi M, Mehdizadeh M, Simorgh S, Nourazarian A, Shademan B, Susanabadi A, Kamrava K. Intranasal delivery of stem cells labeled by nanoparticles in neurodegenerative disorders: Challenges and opportunities. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1915. [PMID: 37414546 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders occur through progressive loss of function or structure of neurons, with loss of sensation and cognition values. The lack of successful therapeutic approaches to solve neurologic disorders causes physical disability and paralysis and has a significant socioeconomic impact on patients. In recent years, nanocarriers and stem cells have attracted tremendous attention as a reliable approach to treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, nanoparticle-based labeling combined with imaging technologies has enabled researchers to survey transplanted stem cells and fully understand their fate by monitoring their survival, migration, and differentiation. For the practical implementation of stem cell therapies in the clinical setting, it is necessary to accurately label and follow stem cells after administration. Several approaches to labeling and tracking stem cells using nanotechnology have been proposed as potential treatment strategies for neurological diseases. Considering the limitations of intravenous or direct stem cell administration, intranasal delivery of nanoparticle-labeled stem cells in neurological disorders is a new method of delivering stem cells to the central nervous system (CNS). This review describes the challenges and limitations of stem cell-based nanotechnology methods for labeling/tracking, intranasal delivery of cells, and cell fate regulation as theragnostic labeling. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Alizadeh
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alimohamad Asghari
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salah Moradi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Simorgh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Susanabadi
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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El-Ayoubi A, Klawitter M, Rüttinger J, Wellhäusser G, Holm PS, Danielyan L, Naumann U. Intranasal Delivery of Oncolytic Adenovirus XVir-N-31 via Optimized Shuttle Cells Significantly Extends Survival of Glioblastoma-Bearing Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4912. [PMID: 37894279 PMCID: PMC10605419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor with restricted treatment options and a dismal prognosis. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) has developed as a promising approach for GBM treatment. However, reaching invasive GBM cells may be hindered by tumor-surrounding, non-neoplastic cells when the oncolytic virus (OV) is applied intratumorally. Using two xenograft GBM mouse models and immunofluorescence analyses, we investigated the intranasal delivery of the oncolytic adenovirus (OAV) XVir-N-31 via virus-loaded, optimized shuttle cells. Intranasal administration (INA) was selected due to its non-invasive nature and the potential to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our findings demonstrate that the INA of XVir-N-31-loaded shuttle cells successfully delivered OAVs to the core tumor and invasive GBM cells, significantly prolonged the survival of the GBM-bearing mice, induced immunogenic cell death and finally reduced the tumor burden, all this highlighting the therapeutic potential of this innovative approach. Overall, this study provides compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the INA of XVir-N-31 via shuttle cells as a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM. The non-invasive nature of the INA of OV-loaded shuttle cells holds great promise for future clinical translation. However, further research is required to assess the efficacy of this approach to ultimately progress in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali El-Ayoubi
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.E.-A.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (G.W.)
| | - Moritz Klawitter
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.E.-A.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (G.W.)
| | - Jakob Rüttinger
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.E.-A.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (G.W.)
| | - Giulia Wellhäusser
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.E.-A.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (G.W.)
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- Department of Urology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- XVir Therapeutics GmbH, D-80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Neuroscience Laboratory and Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Molecular Neurooncology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.E.-A.); (M.K.); (J.R.); (G.W.)
- Gene and RNA Therapy Center (GRTC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Vargas-Rodríguez P, Cuenca-Martagón A, Castillo-González J, Serrano-Martínez I, Luque RM, Delgado M, González-Rey E. Novel Therapeutic Opportunities for Neurodegenerative Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Focus on Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14117. [PMID: 37762420 PMCID: PMC10531435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of profoundly disabling situations that impact millions of individuals globally. While their underlying causes and pathophysiology display considerable diversity and remain incompletely understood, a mounting body of evidence indicates that the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, resulting in brain damage and neuroinflammation, is a common feature among them. Consequently, targeting the BBB has emerged as an innovative therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological disorders. Within this review, we not only explore the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and immunomodulatory benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combating neurodegeneration but also delve into their recent role in modulating the BBB. We will investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which MSC treatment impacts primary age-related neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, as well as immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Our focus will center on how MSCs participate in the modulation of cell transporters, matrix remodeling, stabilization of cell-junction components, and restoration of BBB network integrity in these pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vargas-Rodríguez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Alejandro Cuenca-Martagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Julia Castillo-González
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Ignacio Serrano-Martínez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Elena González-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
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7
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Erceg Ivkošić I, Fureš R, Ćosić V, Mikelin N, Bulić L, Dobranić D, Brlek P, Primorac D. Unlocking the Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Gynecology: Where Are We Now? J Pers Med 2023; 13:1253. [PMID: 37623503 PMCID: PMC10455325 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, with their remarkable capacity for differentiation into diverse cell types, are vital for the development as well as maintenance of health and homeostasis. Two unique abilities set them apart from other cells: self-renewal and the capacity for differentiation. They play important roles in embryogenesis, development, regeneration, and various other processes. Over the last decade, there has been increased interest in their potential use in the treatment of numerous diseases and disorders across multiple fields of medicine in acute, chronic, innate, and acquired diseases. Stem cells are key to maintaining the body's homeostasis and regulating growth and tissue functions. There are several types of stem cells-embryonic, adult, and human-induced pluripotent cells. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells are of great interest due to their regenerative, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial (anti-inflammatory) effects. Recent studies have shown the potent regenerative effect of stem cell therapy in gynecologic diseases such as infertility, Asherman syndrome, lichen sclerosus, polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and rectovaginal fistulas. Moreover, the successful isolation of oogonial stem cells could lead to a revolution in the field of gynecology and the potential treatment of the conditions discussed. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the latest therapeutic options involving stem cells and raise awareness of this promising yet not widely known topic in gynecology and medicine in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Erceg Ivkošić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (L.B.)
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Rajko Fureš
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zabok General Hospital and Croatian Veterans Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia
| | - Vesna Ćosić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Poliklinika Ćosić, d.o.o., 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Nika Mikelin
- Health Center of the Zagreb County, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Bulić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (L.B.)
| | | | - Petar Brlek
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (L.B.)
- School of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia (L.B.)
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- School of Medicine, JJ Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, 96 450 Coburg, Germany
- Medical School, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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8
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Ghorai SM, Deep A, Magoo D, Gupta C, Gupta N. Cell-Penetrating and Targeted Peptides Delivery Systems as Potential Pharmaceutical Carriers for Enhanced Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1999. [PMID: 37514185 PMCID: PMC10384895 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the challenges to the 21st-century health care industry, one that demands special mention is the transport of drugs/active pharmaceutical agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The epithelial-like tight junctions within the brain capillary endothelium hinder the uptake of most pharmaceutical agents. With an aim to understand more deeply the intricacies of cell-penetrating and targeted peptides as a powerful tool for desirable biological activity, we provide a critical review of both CPP and homing/targeted peptides as intracellular drug delivery agents, especially across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Two main peptides have been discussed to understand intracellular drug delivery; first is the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) for the targeted delivery of compounds of interest (primarily peptides and nucleic acids) and second is the family of homing peptides, which specifically targets cells/tissues based on their overexpression of tumour-specific markers and are thus at the heart of cancer research. These small, amphipathic molecules demonstrate specific physical and chemical modifications aimed at increased ease of cellular internalisation. Because only a limited number of drug molecules can bypass the blood-brain barrier by free diffusion, it is essential to explore all aspects of CPPs that can be exploited for crossing this barrier. Considering siRNAs that can be designed against any target RNA, marking such molecules with high therapeutic potential, we present a synopsis of the studies on synthetic siRNA-based therapeutics using CPPs and homing peptides drugs that can emerge as potential drug-delivery systems as an upcoming requirement in the world of pharma- and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Mondal Ghorai
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Auroni Deep
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Devanshi Magoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Chetna Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Nikesh Gupta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, USA
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9
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Elzayat EM, Shahien SA, El-Sherif AA, Hosney M. Therapeutic potential of stem cells and acitretin on inflammatory signaling pathway-associated genes regulated by miRNAs 146a and 155 in AD-like rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9613. [PMID: 37311848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Several drugs are used to improve the symptoms, but do not stop AD progression. There are more promising treatments that may have a significant role in AD diagnosis and treatment such as miRNAs and stem cells. The present study aims to develop a new approach for AD treatment by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or acitretin with special reference to inflammatory signaling pathway as NF-kB and its regulator miRNAs in AD-like rat model. Fourty-five male albino rats were allotted for the present study. The experimental periods were divided into induction, withdrawal, and therapeutic phases. Expression levels of miR-146a, miR-155, necrotic, growth and inflammatory genes were assessed using RT-qPCR. Histopathological examination of brain tissues was performed in different rat groups. The normal physiological, molecular, and histopathological levels were restored after treatment with MSCs and/or acitretin. The present study demonstrates that the miR-146a and miR-155 might be used as promising biomarkers for AD. MSCs and/or acitretin proved their therapeutic potential in restoring the expression levels of targeted miRNAs and their related genes concerning NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M Elzayat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Sherif A Shahien
- Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hosney
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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10
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Zhuo Y, Li X, He Z, Lu M. Pathological mechanisms of neuroimmune response and multitarget disease-modifying therapies of mesenchymal stem cells in Parkinson's disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:80. [PMID: 37041580 PMCID: PMC10091615 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN); the etiology and pathological mechanism of the disease are still unclear. Recent studies have shown that the activation of a neuroimmune response plays a key role in the development of PD. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), the primary pathological marker of PD, can gather in the SN and trigger a neuroinflammatory response by activating microglia which can further activate the dopaminergic neuron's neuroimmune response mediated by reactive T cells through antigen presentation. It has been shown that adaptive immunity and antigen presentation processes are involved in the process of PD and further research on the neuroimmune response mechanism may open new methods for its prevention and therapy. While current therapeutic regimens are still focused on controlling clinical symptoms, applications such as immunoregulatory strategies can delay the symptoms and the process of neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarized the progression of the neuroimmune response in PD based on recent studies and focused on the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy and challenges as a strategy of disease-modifying therapy with multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengwen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China.
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11
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Cecerska-Heryć E, Pękała M, Serwin N, Gliźniewicz M, Grygorcewicz B, Michalczyk A, Heryć R, Budkowska M, Dołęgowska B. The Use of Stem Cells as a Potential Treatment Method for Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases: Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01344-6. [PMID: 37027074 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been the subject of research for years due to their enormous therapeutic potential. Most neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) are incurable or very difficult to treat. Therefore new therapies are sought in which autologous stem cells are used. They are often the patient's only hope for recovery or slowing down the progress of the disease symptoms. The most important conclusions arise after analyzing the literature on the use of stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases. The effectiveness of MSC cell therapy has been confirmed in ALS and HD therapy. MSC cells slow down ALS progression and show early promising signs of efficacy. In HD, they reduced huntingtin (Htt) aggregation and stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis. MS therapy with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) inducted significant recalibration of pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory components of the immune system. iPSC cells allow for accurate PD modeling. They are patient-specific and therefore minimize the risk of immune rejection and, in long-term observation, did not form any tumors in the brain. Extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC-EVs) and Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) cells are widely used to treat AD. Due to the reduction of Aβ42 deposits and increasing the survival of neurons, they improve memory and learning abilities. Despite many animal models and clinical trial studies, cell therapy still needs to be refined to increase its effectiveness in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Maja Pękała
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Gliźniewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Heryć
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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12
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Nose-to-Brain: The Next Step for Stem Cell and Biomaterial Therapy in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193095. [PMID: 36231058 PMCID: PMC9564248 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, giving rise to a growing need to develop treatments to revert their symptoms. This review highlights the great potential of recent advances in cell therapy for the treatment of neurological disorders. Through the administration of pluripotent or stem cells, this novel therapy may promote neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and neuroregeneration in lesion areas. The review also addresses the administration of these therapeutic molecules by the intranasal route, a promising, non-conventional route that allows for direct access to the central nervous system without crossing the blood–brain barrier, avoiding potential adverse reactions and enabling the administration of large quantities of therapeutic molecules to the brain. Finally, we focus on the need to use biomaterials, which play an important role as nutrient carriers, scaffolds, and immune modulators in the administration of non-autologous cells. Little research has been conducted into the integration of biomaterials alongside intranasally administered cell therapy, a highly promising approach for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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13
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Yue C, Feng S, Chen Y, Jing N. The therapeutic prospects and challenges of human neural stem cells for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:28. [PMID: 36050613 PMCID: PMC9437172 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging. Due to its insidious onset, protracted progression, and unclear pathogenesis, it is considered one of the most obscure and intractable brain disorders, and currently, there are no effective therapies for it. Convincing evidence indicates that the irreversible decline of cognitive abilities in patients coincides with the deterioration and degeneration of neurons and synapses in the AD brain. Human neural stem cells (NSCs) hold the potential to functionally replace lost neurons, reinforce impaired synaptic networks, and repair the damaged AD brain. They have therefore received extensive attention as a possible source of donor cells for cellular replacement therapies for AD. Here, we review the progress in NSC-based transplantation studies in animal models of AD and assess the therapeutic advantages and challenges of human NSCs as donor cells. We then formulate a promising transplantation approach for the treatment of human AD, which would help to explore the disease-modifying cellular therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Su Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Bioland Laboratory/Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Bioland Laboratory/Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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14
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Chen BZ, Zhao ZQ, Shahbazi MA, Guo XD. Microneedle-based technology for cell therapy: current status and future directions. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:715-728. [PMID: 35674378 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00188h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the growing technological innovations in medical treatments, cell-based therapies hold great potential as efficient tools against various previously incurable diseases by restoring or altering the function of certain sets of cells. Along this line, an essential factor to determine the success of cell therapy is the choice of cell delivery strategy. In recent years, a novel trend is blooming in the application of microneedle systems, which are based on the miniaturization of multiple needles within a patch to the micrometer dimensions, aimed at the delivery of therapeutic cells to the target site with high efficiency and in a minimally invasive manner. This review aims to demonstrate the advantages of exploiting microneedle-based technology as a new tool for cell therapy. The advancements of microneedle-based strategies for cell delivery are summarized in terms of two categories: cell-free and cell-loaded microneedle systems. The majority of research on microneedle-based cell therapy has shown promising results for tissue regeneration, cancer immunotherapy, skin immune monitoring and targeted cell delivery. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives toward the development and application of microneedles for cell therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ze Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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15
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Li Y, Wu H, Jiang X, Dong Y, Zheng J, Gao J. New idea to promote the clinical applications of stem cells or their extracellular vesicles in central nervous system disorders: combining with intranasal delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3215-3232. [PMID: 35967290 PMCID: PMC9366301 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical translation of stem cells and their extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is booming. Nevertheless, the insufficient CNS delivery and retention together with the invasiveness of current administration routes prevent stem cells or EVs from fully exerting their clinical therapeutic potential. Intranasal (IN) delivery is a possible strategy to solve problems as IN route could circumvent the brain‒blood barrier non-invasively and fit repeated dosage regimens. Herein, we gave an overview of studies and clinical trials involved with IN route and discussed the possibility of employing IN delivery to solve problems in stem cells or EVs-based therapy. We reviewed relevant researches that combining stem cells or EVs-based therapy with IN administration and analyzed benefits brought by IN route. Finally, we proposed possible suggestions to facilitate the development of IN delivery of stem cells or EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosheng Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghui Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinchi Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunfei Dong
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 571 88208436.
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16
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Salehi MS, Jurek B, Karimi-Haghighi S, Nezhad NJ, Mousavi SM, Hooshmandi E, Safari A, Dianatpour M, Haerteis S, Miyan JA, Pandamooz S, Borhani-Haghighi A. Intranasal application of stem cells and their derivatives as a new hope in the treatment of cerebral hypoxia/ischemia: a review. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:583-606. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Intranasal delivery of stem cells and conditioned medium to target the brain has attracted major interest in the field of regenerative medicine. In pre-clinical investigations during the last ten years, several research groups focused on this strategy to treat cerebral hypoxia/ischemia in neonates as well as adults. In this review, we discuss the curative potential of stem cells, stem cell derivatives, and their delivery route via intranasal application to the hypoxic/ischemic brain. After intranasal application, stem cells migrate from the nasal cavity to the injured area and exert therapeutic effects by reducing brain tissue loss, enhancing endogenous neurogenesis, and modulating cerebral inflammation that leads to functional improvements. However, application of this administration route for delivering stem cells and/or therapeutic substances to the damaged sites requires further optimization to translate the findings of animal experiments to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71936-35899 , Iran
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy , University of Regensburg , Regensburg 93053 , Germany
| | - Saeideh Karimi-Haghighi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71936-35899 , Iran
| | - Nahid Jashire Nezhad
- Clinical Neurology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71936-35899 , Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71936-35899 , Iran
| | - Etrat Hooshmandi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71936-35899 , Iran
| | - Anahid Safari
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71936-35899 , Iran
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71936-35899 , Iran
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy , University of Regensburg , Regensburg 93053 , Germany
| | - Jaleel A. Miyan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71936-35899 , Iran
| | - Afshin Borhani-Haghighi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 71936-35899 , Iran
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17
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Qin C, Wang K, Zhang L, Bai L. Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease: An overview of experimental models and reality. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:15-26. [PMID: 35229995 PMCID: PMC8879630 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. The pathology of AD is characterized by extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, neuronal death, synapse loss, and brain atrophy. Many therapies have been tested to improve or at least effectively modify the course of AD. Meaningful data indicate that the transplantation of stem cells can alleviate neuropathology and significantly ameliorate cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease. Transplanted stem cells have shown their inherent advantages in improving cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction, although certain weaknesses or limitations need to be overcome. This review recapitulates rodent models for AD, the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells, influencing factors, and the underlying mechanisms behind these changes. Stem cell therapy provides perspective and challenges for its clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Comparative Medicine Center Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing Beijing China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Comparative Medicine Center Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing Beijing China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Comparative Medicine Center Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing Beijing China
| | - Lin Bai
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Comparative Medicine Center Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing Beijing China
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18
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Sun Z, Gu P, Xu H, Zhao W, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Wang W, Han R, Chai X, An S. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Locomotor Function in Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model Through Regulating Intestinal Microorganisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:808905. [PMID: 35127723 PMCID: PMC8810651 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.808905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by loss of neurons that synthesize dopamine, and subsequent impaired movement. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) exerted neuroprotection effects in a rodent model of PD. However, the mechanism underlying UC-MSC-generated neuroprotection was not fully elucidated. In the present study, we found that intranasal administration of UC-MSCs significantly alleviated locomotor deficits and rescued dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting neuroinflammation in a PD mouse model induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, a toxic agent which selectively destroys nigrostriatal neurons but does not affect dopaminergic neurons elsewhere). Furthermore, UC-MSC treatment altered gut microbiota composition characterized by decreased phylum Proteobacteria, class Gammaproteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae, and genus Escherichia-Shigella. In addition, the neurotransmitter dopamine in the striatum and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the colon were also modulated by UC-MSCs. Meanwhile, UC-MSCs significantly maintained intestinal goblet cells, which secrete mucus as a mechanical barrier against pathogens. Furthermore, UC-MSCs alleviate the level of TNF-α and IL-6 as well as the conversion of NF-κB expression in the colon, indicating that inflammatory responses were blocked by UC-MSCs. PICRUSt showed that some pathways including bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, fluorobenzoate degradation, and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection were significantly reversed by UC-MSCs. These data suggest that the beneficial effects were detected following UC-MSC intranasal transplantation in MPTP-treated mice. There is a possible neuroprotective role of UC-MSCs in MPTP-induced PD mice by cross talk between the brain and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongjun Xu
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Luyang Zhou
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiqing Chai
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiqing Chai, ; Shengjun An,
| | - Shengjun An
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor Preparation Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
- Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiqing Chai, ; Shengjun An,
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19
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Fighting fire with fire: the immune system might be key in our fight against Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1261-1283. [PMID: 35032668 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown and no disease-modifying treatment exists. Emerging evidence supports the concept that the immune system has a key role in AD pathogenesis. This awareness leads to the idea that specific parts of the immune system must be engaged to ward off the disease. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved the management of several previously untreatable cancers and could hold similar promise as a novel therapy for treating AD. However, before potent immunotherapies can be rationally designed as treatment against AD, we need to fully understand the dynamic interplay between AD and the different parts of our immune system. Accordingly, here we review the most important aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune system in relation to AD pathology. Teaser: Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer's disease is affected by the inability of the immune system to contain the pathology of the brain. Here, we discuss how we can engage our immune system to fight this devastating disease.
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20
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Bobkova NV, Zhdanova DY, Belosludtseva NV, Penkov NV, Mironova GD. Intranasal administration of mitochondria improves spatial memory in olfactory bulbectomized mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:416-425. [PMID: 34727745 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211056866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we found that functionally active mitochondria isolated from the brain of NMRI donor mice and administrated intranasally to recipient mice penetrated the brain structures in a dose-dependent manner. The injected mitochondria labeled with the MitoTracker Red localized in different brain regions, including the neocortex and hippocampus, which are responsible for memory and affected by degeneration in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In behavioral experiments, intranasal microinjections of brain mitochondria of native NMRI mice improved spatial memory in the olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice with Alzheimer's type degeneration. Control OBX mice demonstrated loss of spatial memory tested in the Morris water maze. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that allogeneic mitochondria colocalized with the markers of astrocytes and neurons in hippocampal cell culture. The results suggest that a non-invasive route intranasal administration of mitochondria may be a promising approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases characterized, like Alzheimer's disease, by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences-Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daria Y Zhdanova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences-Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Natalia V Belosludtseva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nikita V Penkov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences-Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Galina D Mironova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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21
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Novel Balance Mechanism Participates in Stem Cell Therapy to Alleviate Neuropathology and Cognitive Impairment in Animal Models with Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102757. [PMID: 34685737 PMCID: PMC8534506 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy improves memory loss and cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism remains to be determined, but it may involve the interaction of stem cells with hippocampal cells. The transplantation of stem cells alters the pathological state and establishes a novel balance based on multiple signaling pathways. The new balance mechanism is regulated by various autocrine and paracrine cytokines, including signal molecules that target (a) cell growth and death. Stem cell treatment stimulates neurogenesis and inhibits apoptosis, which is regulated by the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy-(b) Aβ and tau pathology. Aberrant Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles are mitigated subsequent to stem cell intervention-(c) inflammation. Neuroinflammation in the lesion is relieved, which may be related to the microglial M1/M2 polarization-(d) immunoregulation. The transplanted stem cells modulate immune cells and shape the pathophysiological roles of immune-related genes such as TREM2, CR1, and CD33-(e) synaptogenesis. The functional reconstruction of synaptic connections can be promoted by stem cell therapy through multi-level signaling, such as autophagy, microglial activity, and remyelination. The regulation of new balance mechanism provides perspective and challenge for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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22
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Itokazu Y, Fuchigami T, Morgan JC, Yu RK. Intranasal infusion of GD3 and GM1 gangliosides downregulates alpha-synuclein and controls tyrosine hydroxylase gene in a PD model mouse. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3059-3071. [PMID: 34111562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by Lewy bodies (composed predominantly of alpha-synuclein [aSyn]) and loss of pigmented midbrain dopaminergic neurons comprising the nigrostriatal pathway. Most PD patients show significant deficiency of gangliosides, including GM1, in the brain, and GM1 ganglioside appears to keep dopaminergic neurons functioning properly. Thus, supplementation of GM1 could potentially provide some rescuing effects. In this study, we demonstrate that intranasal infusion of GD3 and GM1 gangliosides reduces intracellular aSyn levels. GM1 also significantly enhances expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the A53T aSyn overexpressing mouse, following restored nuclear expression of nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1, also known as NR4A2), an essential transcription factor for differentiation, maturation, and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. GM1 induces epigenetic activation of the TH gene, including augmentation of acetylated histones and recruitment of Nurr1 to the TH promoter region. Our data indicate that intranasal administration of gangliosides could reduce neurotoxic proteins and restore functional neurons via modulating chromatin status by nuclear gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - John C Morgan
- Movement Disorders Program, Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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23
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Qin C, Li Y, Wang K. Functional Mechanism of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Animal Models with Alzheimer's Disease: Inhibition of Neuroinflammation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4761-4775. [PMID: 34566422 PMCID: PMC8456430 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s327538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) alleviates neuropathology and improves cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer’s disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. Available data demonstrate transplanted BMMSCs can inhibit neuroinflammation, which may be related to microglial M1/M2 polarization and is regulated by the secretion of autocrine and paracrine cytokines. BMMSCs also mitigate Aβ plaques and Tau tangles in the brain, which may be associated with the recruitment of peripheral blood monocytes and the subsequent comprehensive effects. The therapeutic effects of stem cells involve potential mechanisms such as immunomodulation, apoptosis, and proliferation. BMMSC-mediated functional reconstruction through dynamic remodeling develops a novel balance. Herein, present review recapitulates the molecular basis of BMMSC-assisted biological processes and summarizes the possible mechanisms related to the interaction between BMMSCs and microglia. The transplanted BMMSCs can suppress neuroinflammation that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Li
- Department of International Medical Service & Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
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24
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Skok M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapeutic tool to cure cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1072-1083. [PMID: 34567426 PMCID: PMC8422935 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An established contribution of neuroinflammation to multiple brain pathologies has raised the requirement for therapeutic strategies to overcome it in order to prevent age- and disease-dependent cognitive decline. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) produce multiple growth and neurotrophic factors and seem to evade immune rejection due to low expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Therefore, MSCs are widely used in experiments and clinical trials of regenerative medicine. This review summarizes recent data concerning the optimization of MSC use for therapeutic purposes with the emphasis on the achievements of the last 2 years. Specific attention is paid to extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs and to the role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The reviewed data demonstrate that MSCs have a significant therapeutic potential in treating neuroinflammation-related cognitive disfunctions including age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The novel data demonstrate that maximal therapeutic effect is being achieved when MSCs penetrate the brain and produce their stimulating factors in situ. Consequently, therapeutic application using MSCs should include measures to facilitate their homing to the brain, support the survival in the brain microenvironment, and stimulate the production of neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factors. These measures include but are not limited to genetic modification of MSCs and pre-conditioning before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Skok
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
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25
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Parajuli B, Saito H, Shinozaki Y, Shigetomi E, Miwa H, Yoneda S, Tanimura M, Omachi S, Asaki T, Takahashi K, Fujita M, Nakashima K, Koizumi S. Transnasal transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia to the brain of immunocompetent mice. Glia 2021; 69:2332-2348. [PMID: 34309082 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, and play essential roles in neuronal development, homeostatic function, and neurodegenerative disease. Human microglia are relatively different from mouse microglia. However, most research on human microglia is performed in vitro, which does not accurately represent microglia characteristics under in vivo conditions. To elucidate the in vivo characteristics of human microglia, methods have been developed to generate and transplant induced pluripotent or embryonic stem cell-derived human microglia into neonatal or adult mouse brains. However, its widespread use remains limited by the technical difficulties of generating human microglia, as well as the need to use immune-deficient mice and conduct invasive surgeries. To address these issues, we developed a simplified method to generate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human microglia and transplant them into the brain via a transnasal route in immunocompetent mice, in combination with a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist. We found that human microglia were able to migrate through the cribriform plate to different regions of the brain, proliferate, and become the dominant microglia in a region-specific manner by occupying the vacant niche when exogenous human cytokine is administered, for at least 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Sosuke Yoneda
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Tanimura
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Omachi
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Asaki
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Fujita
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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26
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Neuroprotective Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Following Chemotherapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070750. [PMID: 34209542 PMCID: PMC8301303 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is extensively used in the medical oncology field for malignancy treatment, but its use is associated with neurological side effects that compromise the patients' quality of life. Cytotherapy is a new treatment strategy for tissue damage that has recently emerged. The use of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) was investigated for its therapeutic potential against CP-induced chemobrain as well as various models of brain damage. This study was carried out to elucidate, for the first time, the role of the intravenous injection (IV) of BM-MSCs against CP-induced neurotoxicity in a rat model through investigation of the parameters of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in brain tissue. A rat model of neurotoxicity was generated by intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 mg/kg CP while 2 × 106 BM-MSCs was given by IV as a therapeutic dose. Injection of CP led to a significant rise in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels accompanied by a marked depletion of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione content in brain tissue in comparison to the normal control (NC) rats. Furthermore, a remarkable rise in the brain levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, together with the expression of apoptotic marker caspase-3, and the downregulation of the brain expression of proliferating marker Ki-67 in brain tissue were detected in the CP group compared to the NC group. Histopathological alterations were observed in the brain tissue of the CP group. BM-MSCs mitigated the biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by CP without affecting brain cell proliferation. BM-MSCs could be used as a promising neuroprotective agent against CP-induced neurotoxicity.
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27
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Echeverria V, Echeverria F, Barreto GE, Echeverría J, Mendoza C. Estrogenic Plants: to Prevent Neurodegeneration and Memory Loss and Other Symptoms in Women After Menopause. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644103. [PMID: 34093183 PMCID: PMC8172769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sexual hormones such as estrogens play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis and function. Estrogen deficit in the brain induces many undesirable symptoms such as learning and memory impairment, sleep and mood disorders, hot flushes, and fatigue. These symptoms are frequent in women who reached menopausal age or have had ovariectomy and in men and women subjected to anti-estrogen therapy. Hormone replacement therapy alleviates menopause symptoms; however, it can increase cardiovascular and cancer diseases. In the search for therapeutic alternatives, medicinal plants and specific synthetic and natural molecules with estrogenic effects have attracted widespread attention between the public and the scientific community. Various plants have been used for centuries to alleviate menstrual and menopause symptoms, such as Cranberry, Ginger, Hops, Milk Thistle, Red clover, Salvia officinalis, Soy, Black cohosh, Turnera diffusa, Ushuva, and Vitex. This review aims to highlight current evidence about estrogenic medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on cognitive deficits induced by estrogen deficiency during menopause and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile.,Research and Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, Unites States
| | | | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
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28
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Zhang YT, He KJ, Zhang JB, Ma QH, Wang F, Liu CF. Advances in intranasal application of stem cells in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:210. [PMID: 33762014 PMCID: PMC7992869 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by their self-renewal and multipotency and have great potential in the therapy of various disorders. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the application of stem cells in the therapy of neurological disorders, especially in a noninvasive way. It has been shown that small molecular substances, macromolecular proteins, and even stem cells can bypass the BBB and reach the brain parenchyma following intranasal administration. Here, we review the possible brain-entry routes of transnasal treatment, the cell types, and diseases involved in intranasal stem cell therapy, and discuss its advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of central nervous system diseases, to provide a reference for the application of intranasal stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai-Jie He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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29
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Challagundla N, Agrawal-Rajput R. microRNAs (miR 9, 124, 155 and 224) transdifferentiate mouse macrophages to neurons. Exp Cell Res 2021; 402:112563. [PMID: 33757809 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development is an irreversible process of differentiating the undifferentiated cells to functional cells. Brain development involves generation of cells with varied phenotype and functions, which is limited during adulthood, stress, damage/degeneration. Cellular reprogramming makes differentiation reversible process with reprogramming somatic/stem cells to alternative fate with/without stem cells. Exogenously expressed transcription factors or small molecule inhibitors have driven reprogramming of stem/somatic cells to neurons providing alternative approach for pre-clinical/clinical testing and therapeutics. Here in, we report a novel approach of microRNA (miR)- induced trans-differentiation of macrophages (CD11b high) to induced neuronal cells (iNCs) (neuronal markershigh- Nestin, Nurr1, Map2, NSE, Tubb3 and Mash1) without exogenous use of transcription factors. miR 9, 124, 155 and 224 successfully transdifferentiated macrophages to neurons with transient stem cell-like phenotype. We report trans differentiation efficacy 18% and 21% with miR 124 and miR 155. in silico(String 10.0, miR gator, mESAdb, TargetScan 7.0) and experimental analysis indicate that the reprogramming involves alteration of pluripotencygenes like Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog and pluripotency miR, miR 302. iNCs also shifted to G0 phase indicating manipulation of cell cycle by these miRs. Further, CD133+ intermediate cells obtained during current protocol could be differentiated to iNCs using miRs. The syanpsin+ neurons were functionally active and displayed intracellular Ca+2 evoke on activation. miRs could also transdifferentiate bone marrow-derived macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to neuronal cells. The current protocol could be employed for direct in vivo reprogramming of macrophages to neurons without teratoma formation for transplantation and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Challagundla
- Immunology Lab,Indian Institute of Advanced Research [IIAR], Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382427, India.
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology Lab,Indian Institute of Advanced Research [IIAR], Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382427, India.
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30
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Kosyakovsky J, Fine JM, Frey WH, Hanson LR. Mechanisms of Intranasal Deferoxamine in Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020095. [PMID: 33513737 PMCID: PMC7911954 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying disease-modifying therapies for neurological diseases remains one of the greatest gaps in modern medicine. Herein, we present the rationale for intranasal (IN) delivery of deferoxamine (DFO), a high-affinity iron chelator, as a treatment for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disease with a focus on its novel mechanisms. Brain iron dyshomeostasis with iron accumulation is a known feature of brain aging and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases. A substantial body of preclinical evidence and early clinical data has demonstrated that IN DFO and other iron chelators have strong disease-modifying impacts in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), ischemic stroke, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Acting by the disease-nonspecific pathway of iron chelation, DFO targets each of these complex diseases via multifactorial mechanisms. Accumulating lines of evidence suggest further mechanisms by which IN DFO may also be beneficial in cognitive aging, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, other neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular dementia. Considering its known safety profile, targeted delivery method, robust preclinical efficacy, multiple mechanisms, and potential applicability across many neurological diseases, the case for further development of IN DFO is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kosyakovsky
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, 200 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
| | - Jared M. Fine
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - William H. Frey
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
| | - Leah R. Hanson
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, HealthPartners Institute, Saint Paul, MN 55130, USA; (W.H.F.II); (L.R.H.)
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31
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Fathollahi A, Hashemi SM, Haji Molla Hoseini M, Tavakoli S, Farahani E, Yeganeh F. Intranasal administration of small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107207. [PMID: 33290966 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model for the human multiple sclerosis, which is characterized by inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), de-myelination of axonal neurons, and loss of motor coordination. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and small extracellular vesicle (SEV) derived from the MSC (MSC-SEV) on disease activity and antigen-specific responses in the EAE mouse model. MSCs (5 × 105) were administered intranasally to EAE mice (n = 5) on the 15th and 24th days after immunization. In addition, the intranasal administration of MSC-SEV (10 μg) was used to treat EAE mice (n = 5) on a daily basis from the 15th to the 27th day after induction of the disease. The outcomes of therapies were evaluated using studying clinical symptoms and histological analysis of CNS lesions. Moreover, T cell proliferation, the frequency of regulatory T cells, the expression of transcription factors of T-helper subsets, and the levels of their corresponded cytokines were evaluated in splenocytes culture that was stimulated with specific-antigen. The results of treatment of EAE mice with MSC- SEV and MSC showed a significant decrease in the clinical scores, and it was found that treatment with MSC-SEV was more effective in alleviating clinical scores than MSC. In addition, the decrease in clinical symptoms was associated with an increase in immunomodulatory responses, including an increase in the frequency of Foxp3+ CD25+ regulatory T cells. Moreover, the level of TGF-β was increased by both treatments; however, interleukin-10 was increased only by MSC treatment. Ultimately, it was achieved that the intranasal administration of MSC-SEV to EAE mice was more effective than the administration of MSC to reduce clinical scores and histological lesions of the CNS tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/surgery
- Extracellular Vesicles/immunology
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/transplantation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Fathollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Tavakoli
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Farahani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Yeganeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Zabel MD, Mollnow L, Bender H. siRNA Therapeutics for Protein Misfolding Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2282:377-394. [PMID: 33928585 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1298-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been used to deliver siRNA to tissues and cells to silence specific genes in diverse organisms. Research and clinical application of nanoparticles like liposomes for drug delivery requires targeting them to specific anatomic regions or cell types, while avoiding off-target effects or clearance by the liver, kidney, or the immune system. Delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) presents additional challenges to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to specific cell types like neurons, astrocytes, or glia. Here, we describe the generation of three different liposomal siRNA delivery vehicles to the CNS using the thin film hydration method. Utilizing cationic or anionic liposomes protects the siRNA from serum nucleases and proteases en route. To deliver the siRNA specifically to the CNS, the liposomes are complexed to a peptide that acts as a neuronal address by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs). When injected intravenously or instilled intranasally, these liposome-siRNA-peptide complexes (LSPCs) or peptide addressed liposome-encapsulated therapeutic siRNA (PALETS) resist serum degradation, effectively cross the BBB, and deliver siRNA to AchR-expressing cells to suppress protein expression in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Zabel
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Luke Mollnow
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Heather Bender
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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33
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Shahani P, Kaushal A, Waghmare G, Datta I. Biodistribution of Intramuscularly-Transplanted Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Immunocompetent Healthy Rats through NIR Imaging. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 209:215-226. [PMID: 33333518 DOI: 10.1159/000511569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their neural crest origin, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are increasingly gaining prominence in treating nervous system disease conditions. However, as per the regulatory bodies [European-Medicines Agency (EMA), Indian-Council of Medical-Research (ICMR)], their biodistribution after transplantation needs to be evaluated for them to be considered for cell-based therapy for clinical trials. There are yet no studies describing the dynamic distribution of human origin DPSCs (hDPSCs) after transplantation in an immunocompetent, physiologically healthy animal model. Here, using near-infrared (NIR)-based whole animal and ex vivo tissue imaging, we assessed the biodistribution of intramuscularly transplanted hDPSCs in immunocompetent healthy Wistar rats. Further validation was done by quantifying gene expression of the human Alu gene in rat tissues. After 24 h of transplantation, an increase in signal intensity and area of signal was observed in the muscle of administration compared to 30 min and 6 h. At hour 24, neither increase in human Alu nor human Ki67 gene expression was seen in the rat muscle, thus confirming that the increase in signal area and intensity at hour 24 was not due to proliferation of the transplanted cells. Rather at hour 24, the NIR-signal intensity in bone marrow increased, suggesting that the NIR-tagged DPSCs have started entering into the blood vessels adjacent to the muscle, and the blood vessels being placed just beneath the subcutaneous layer might be responsible for an increase in signal intensity. Signal intensity increased distinctly in all organs at this timepoint, confirming that the cells entered the bloodstream by hour 24. Lung entrapment of DPSCs was not observed, since signal intensity was least in lungs as compared to the site of injection. Cells were retained for up to 28 days at the site of injection. These findings lay the basis to design the dosage for intramuscular delivery of hDPSCs for degenerative disease models and for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya Shahani
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Alka Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Girish Waghmare
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India,
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Zeng H, Liu N, Liu XX, Yang YY, Zhou MW. α-Synuclein in traumatic and vascular diseases of the central nervous system. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22313-22334. [PMID: 33188159 PMCID: PMC7695413 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a small, soluble, disordered protein that is widely expressed in the nervous system. Although its physiological functions are not yet fully understood, it is mainly involved in synaptic vesicle transport, neurotransmitter synthesis and release, cell membrane homeostasis, lipid synthesis, mitochondrial and lysosomal activities, and heavy metal removal. The complex and inconsistent pathological manifestations of α-Syn are attributed to its structural instability, mutational complexity, misfolding, and diverse posttranslational modifications. These effects trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory responses, resulting in neuronal death and neurodegeneration. Several recent studies have discovered the pathogenic roles of α-Syn in traumatic and vascular central nervous system diseases, such as traumatic spinal cord injury, brain injury, and stroke, and in aggravating the processes of neurodegeneration. This review aims to highlight the structural and pathophysiological changes in α-Syn and its mechanism of action in traumatic and vascular diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Xie Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mou-Wang Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Fričová D, Korchak JA, Zubair AC. Challenges and translational considerations of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:20. [PMID: 33298940 PMCID: PMC7641157 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-00106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies, which gives rise to motor and non-motor symptoms. Unfortunately, current therapeutic strategies for PD merely treat the symptoms of the disease, only temporarily improve the patients' quality of life, and are not sufficient for completely alleviating the symptoms. Therefore, cell-based therapies have emerged as a novel promising therapeutic approach in PD treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have arisen as a leading contender for cell sources due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities, limited ethical concerns, and low risk of tumor formation. Although several studies have shown that MSCs have the potential to mitigate the neurodegenerative pathology of PD, variabilities in preclinical and clinical trials have resulted in inconsistent therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we strive to highlight the sources of variability in studies using MSCs in PD therapy, including MSC sources, the use of autologous or allogenic MSCs, dose, delivery methods, patient factors, and measures of clinical outcome. Available evidence indicates that while the use of MSCs in PD has largely been promising, conditions need to be standardized so that studies can be effectively compared with one another and experimental designs can be improved upon, such that this body of science can continue to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Fričová
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jennifer A Korchak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Abba C Zubair
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Beard K, Meaney DF, Issadore D. Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2045-2056. [PMID: 32312151 PMCID: PMC7502684 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.6990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key mediators of cell-cell communication during homeostasis and in pathology. Central nervous system (CNS)-derived EVs contain cell type-specific surface markers and intralumenal protein, RNA, DNA, and metabolite cargo that can be used to assess the biochemical and molecular state of neurons and glia during neurological injury and disease. The development of EV isolation strategies coupled with analysis of multi-plexed biomarker and clinical data have the potential to improve our ability to classify and treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) and resulting sequelae. Additionally, their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has implications for both EV-based diagnostic strategies and for potential EV-based therapeutics. In the present review, we discuss encouraging data for EV-based diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies in the context of TBI monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kryshawna Beard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David F. Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Danielyan L, Schwab M, Siegel G, Brawek B, Garaschuk O, Asavapanumas N, Buadze M, Lourhmati A, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M, Krueger MA, Calaminus C, Naumann U, Winter S, Schaeffeler E, Spogis A, Beer-Hammer S, Neher JJ, Spohn G, Kretschmer A, Krämer-Albers EM, Barth K, Lee HJ, Kim SU, Frey WH, Claussen CD, Hermann DM, Doeppner TR, Seifried E, Gleiter CH, Northoff H, Schäfer R. Cell motility and migration as determinants of stem cell efficacy. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102989. [PMID: 32920368 PMCID: PMC7494685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells` (SC) functional heterogeneity and its poorly understood aetiology impedes clinical development of cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine and oncology. Recent studies suggest a strong correlation between the SC migration potential and their therapeutic efficacy in humans. Designating SC migration as a denominator of functional SC heterogeneity, we sought to identify highly migrating subpopulations within different SC classes and evaluate their therapeutic properties in comparison to the parental non-selected cells. METHODS We selected highly migrating subpopulations from mesenchymal and neural SC (sMSC and sNSC), characterized their features including but not limited to migratory potential, trophic factor release and transcriptomic signature. To assess lesion-targeted migration and therapeutic properties of isolated subpopulations in vivo, surgical transplantation and intranasal administration of MSCs in mouse models of glioblastoma and Alzheimer's disease respectively were performed. FINDINGS Comparison of parental non-selected cells with isolated subpopulations revealed superior motility and migratory potential of sMSC and sNSC in vitro. We identified podoplanin as a major regulator of migratory features of sMSC/sNSC. Podoplanin engineering improved oncovirolytic activity of virus-loaded NSC on distantly located glioblastoma cells. Finally, sMSC displayed more targeted migration to the tumour site in a mouse glioblastoma model and remarkably higher potency to reduce pathological hallmarks and memory deficits in transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice. INTERPRETATION Functional heterogeneity of SC is associated with their motility and migration potential which can serve as predictors of SC therapeutic efficacy. FUNDING This work was supported in part by the Robert Bosch Stiftung (Stuttgart, Germany) and by the IZEPHA grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Neuroscience Laboratory and Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Neuroscience Laboratory and Departments of Biochemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia; Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georg Siegel
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Brawek
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nithi Asavapanumas
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marine Buadze
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ali Lourhmati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Wendel
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel A Krueger
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Calaminus
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center Neurology, Department of Vascular Neurology, Tübingen Neuro-Campus (TNC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Winter
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany and University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annett Spogis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomic, and ICePhA, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Spohn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Kretschmer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Barth
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Research Institute eBiogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William H Frey
- HealthPartners Center for Memory and Aging, HealthPartners Neurosciences, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A
| | - Claus D Claussen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph H Gleiter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hinnak Northoff
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen gGmbH, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Zhang S, Lachance BB, Moiz B, Jia X. Optimizing Stem Cell Therapy after Ischemic Brain Injury. J Stroke 2020; 22:286-305. [PMID: 33053945 PMCID: PMC7568970 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2019.03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have been used for regenerative and therapeutic purposes in a variety of diseases. In ischemic brain injury, preclinical studies have been promising, but have failed to translate results to clinical trials. We aimed to explore the application of stem cells after ischemic brain injury by focusing on topics such as delivery routes, regeneration efficacy, adverse effects, and in vivo potential optimization. PUBMED and Web of Science were searched for the latest studies examining stem cell therapy applications in ischemic brain injury, particularly after stroke or cardiac arrest, with a focus on studies addressing delivery optimization, stem cell type comparison, or translational aspects. Other studies providing further understanding or potential contributions to ischemic brain injury treatment were also included. Multiple stem cell types have been investigated in ischemic brain injury treatment, with a strong literature base in the treatment of stroke. Studies have suggested that stem cell administration after ischemic brain injury exerts paracrine effects via growth factor release, blood-brain barrier integrity protection, and allows for exosome release for ischemic injury mitigation. To date, limited studies have investigated these therapeutic mechanisms in the setting of cardiac arrest or therapeutic hypothermia. Several delivery modalities are available, each with limitations regarding invasiveness and safety outcomes. Intranasal delivery presents a potentially improved mechanism, and hypoxic conditioning offers a potential stem cell therapy optimization strategy for ischemic brain injury. The use of stem cells to treat ischemic brain injury in clinical trials is in its early phase; however, increasing preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can contribute to the down-regulation of inflammatory phenotypes and regeneration following injury. The safety and the tolerability profile of stem cells have been confirmed, and their potent therapeutic effects make them powerful therapeutic agents for ischemic brain injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bilal Moiz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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39
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Yu L, Su X, Li S, Zhao F, Mu D, Qu Y. Microglia and Their Promising Role in Ischemic Brain Injuries: An Update. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:211. [PMID: 32754016 PMCID: PMC7365911 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic brain injuries are common diseases with high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates, which have significant impacts on human health and life. Microglia are resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The inflammatory responses mediated by microglia play an important role in the occurrence and development of ischemic brain injuries. This article summarizes the activation, polarization, depletion, and repopulation of microglia after ischemic brain injuries, proposing new treatment strategies for such injuries through the modulation of microglial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Yu
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Improvement of Impaired Motor Functions by Human Dental Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Stem Cell-Derived Factors in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113807. [PMID: 32471263 PMCID: PMC7312764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that primarily affects the motor system. So far there is no effective treatment for PD, only some drugs, surgery, and comprehensive treatment can alleviate the symptoms of PD. Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp, may have promising potential in regenerative medicine. In this study, we examine the therapeutic effect of SHED-derived conditioned medium (SHED-CM) in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. Intravenous administration of SHED-CM generated by standardized procedures significantly improved the PD symptoms accompanied with increased tyrosine hydroxylase amounts in the striatum, and decreased α-synuclein levels in both the nigra and striatum, from rotenone-treated rats. In addition, this SHED-CM treatment decreased both Iba-1 and CD4 levels in these brain areas. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the biological process of genes affected by SHED-CM was primarily implicated in neurodevelopment and nerve regeneration. The major constituents of SHED-CM included insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, TIMP-1, and transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-1). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that these factors may ameliorate PD symptoms through modulating the cholinergic synapses, calcium signaling pathways, serotoninergic synapses, and axon guidance. In conclusion, our data indicate that SHED-CM contains active constituents that may have promising efficacy to alleviate PD.
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Cacabelos R. Pharmacogenomics of drugs used to treat brain disorders. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1738217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cacabelos
- International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Corunna, Spain
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Carvalho LA, Teng J, Fleming RL, Tabet EI, Zinter M, de Melo Reis RA, Tannous BA. Olfactory Ensheathing Cells: A Trojan Horse for Glioma Gene Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:283-291. [PMID: 30257000 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) migrate from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system (CNS), a critical process for the development of the olfactory system and axonal extension after injury in neural regeneration. Because of their ability to migrate to the injury site and anti-inflammatory properties, OECs were tested against different neurological pathologies, but were never studied in the context of cancer. Here, we evaluated OEC tropism to gliomas and their potential as a "Trojan horse" to deliver therapeutic transgenes through the nasal pathway, their natural route to CNS. METHODS OECs were purified from the mouse olfactory bulb and engineered to express a fusion protein between cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CU), which convert the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into cytotoxic metabolite 5-fluorouracil, leading to a bystander killing of tumor cells. These cells were injected into the nasal cavity of mice bearing glioblastoma tumors and OEC-mediated gene therapy was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and confirmed with survival and ex vivo histological analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS OECs migrated from the nasal pathway to the primary glioma site, tracked infiltrative glioma stemlike cells, and delivered therapeutic transgene, leading to a slower tumor growth and increased mice survival. At day 28, bioluminescence imaging revealed that mice treated with a single injection of OEC-expressing CU and 5-FC had tumor-associated photons (mean [SD]) of 1.08E + 08 [9.7E + 07] vs 4.1E + 08 [2.3E + 08] for control group (P < .001), with a median survival of 41 days vs 34 days, respectively (ratio = 0.8293, 95% confidence interval = 0.4323 to 1.226, P < .001) (n = 9 mice per group). CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time that autologous transplantation of OECs can target and deliver therapeutic transgenes to brain tumors upon intranasal delivery, the natural route of OECs to the CNS, which could be extended to other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litia A Carvalho
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jian Teng
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Renata L Fleming
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elie I Tabet
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Max Zinter
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ricardo A de Melo Reis
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Moayeri A, Darvishi M, Amraei M. Homing of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) Labeled Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Magnetic Attraction in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1297-1308. [PMID: 32161459 PMCID: PMC7049746 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s238266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) are intended to replace lost dopaminergic neurons. The basis of this treatment is to guide the migration of transplanted cells into the target tissue or injury site. The aim of this study is an evaluation of the homing of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) labeled adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) by an external magnetic field in a rat model of PD. Methods ADSCs were obtained from perinephric regions of male adult rats and cultured in a DMEM medium. ADSC markers were assessed by immunostaining with CD90, CD105, CD49d, and CD45. The SPION was coated using poly-L-lysine hydrobromide and transfection was determined in rat ADSC using the GFP reporter gene. For this in vivo study, rats with PD were divided into five groups: a positive control group, a control group with PD (lesion with 6-HD injection), and three treatment groups: the PD/ADSC group (PD transplant with ADSCs transfected by BrdU), PD/ADSC/SPION group (PD transplant with ADSCs labeled with SPION and transfected by GFP), and the PD/ADSC/SPION/EM group (PD transplant with ADSCs labeled with SPION and transfected by GFP induced with external magnet). Results ADSCs were immunoreactive to fat markers CD90 (90.73±1.7), CD105 (87.4±2.9) and CD49d (79.6±2.6), with negative immunostaining at the hematopoietic stem cell marker (CD45: 1.4±0.4). The efficiency of cells with SPION/PLL was about 96% of ADSC. The highest number of GFP-positive cells was in the ADSC/SPION/EM group (54.5±1.3), which was significantly different from that in ADSC/SPION group (30.83±3 and P<0.01). Conclusion Transfection of ADSC by SPION/PLL is an appropriate protocol for cell therapy. External magnets can be used for the delivery and homing of transplanted stem cells in the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Moayeri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marzieh Darvishi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Amraei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Curcumin-Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord and Their Effects on MPTP-Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: A New Biological Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4636397. [PMID: 32148518 PMCID: PMC7048946 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4636397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell activated by curcumin (hUC-MSCs-CUR) on Parkinson's disease (PD). hUC-MSCs can differentiate into many types of adult tissue cells including dopaminergic (DA) neurons. CUR could protect DA neurons from apoptosis induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Therefore, we used the hUC-MSCs activated by CUR for the treatment of PD in an animal model. Methods The hUC-MSCs-CUR was transplanted into the MPTP-induced PD mouse models via the tail vein. We found that hUC-MSCs-CUR significantly improved the motor ability, increased the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine (DA), and Bcl-2 levels, and reduced nitric oxide synthase, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3 expression in PD mice. The supernatant of hUC-MSCs-CUR (CM-CUR) was used to stimulate the SH-SY5Y cellular model of PD; cell proliferation, differentiation, TH, and neuronal-specific marker microtubular-associated protein 2 (MAP2) expressions were examined. Results Our data showed that CM-CUR significantly promoted cell proliferation and gradually increased TH and MAP2 expression in SH-SY5Y PD cells. The beneficial effects could be associated with significant increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the hUC-MSCs-CUR, which secretes many cytokines and growth factors beneficial for PD treatment. Conclusions Transplantation of hUC-MSCs-CUR could show promise for improving the motor recovery of PD.
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Xu C, Diao YF, Wang J, Liang J, Xu HH, Zhao ML, Zheng B, Luan Z, Wang JJ, Yang XP, Wei MG, Duan JH, Wang KQ, Chen C, Chen F, Ming D, Zhang S, Sun HT, Li XH. Intravenously Infusing the Secretome of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Neuroinflammation and Neurological Functioning After Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:222-234. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun-Feng Diao
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Huan Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhao
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuo Luan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Surgery of Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi-Ping Yang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng-Guang Wei
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Hao Duan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke-Qiang Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Characteristic Medical Center of PAPF, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang L, Dong ZF, Zhang JY. Immunomodulatory role of mesenchymal stem cells in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2020; 246:117405. [PMID: 32035129 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia and is characterized by gradual loss in memory, language, and cognitive function. The hallmarks of AD include extracellular amyloid deposition, intracellular neuronal fiber entanglement, and neuronal loss. Despite strenuous efforts toward improvement of AD, there remains a lack of effective treatment and current pharmaceutical therapies only alleviate the symptoms for a short period of time. Interestingly, some progress has been achieved in treatment of AD based on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in recent years. MSC transplantation, as a rising therapy, is used as an intervention in AD, because of the enormous potential of MSCs, including differentiation potency, immunoregulatory function, and no immunological rejection. Although numerous strategies have focused on the use of MSCs to replace apoptotic or degenerating neurons, recent studies have implied that MSC-immunoregulation, which modulates the activity state of microglia or astrocytes and mediates neuroinflammation via several transcription factors (NFs) signaling pathways, may act as a major mechanism for the therapeutic efficacy of MSC and be responsible for some of the satisfactory results. In this review, we will focus on the role of MSC-immunoregulation in MSC-based therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, China.
| | - Zhi-Fang Dong
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, China.
| | - Jie-Yuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Tang Y, Han L, Bai X, Liang X, Zhao J, Huang F, Wang J. Intranasal Delivery of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Preconditioned with Fasudil to Treat a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:249-262. [PMID: 32158210 PMCID: PMC6986408 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s238646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stem cell transplantation is a promising strategy with great potential to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, improving the cell delivery route and optimising implanted cells are necessary to increase the therapeutic effect. Herein, we investigated whether intranasal delivery of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has beneficial effects in a PD mouse model and whether the therapeutic potential of BMSCs could be enhanced by preconditioning with fasudil. METHODS A PD mouse model was developed by intraperitoneally administering 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Mice were treated intranasally with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), BMSCs, or BMSCs preconditioned with fasudil. One month later, the effects of BMSC treatment were analysed. RESULTS Our study showed that fasudil could accelerate the proliferation of BMSCs and promote brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion in vitro. Intranasally administered BMSCs were capable of surviving and migrating in the brain. Intranasal delivery of BMSCs preconditioned with fasudil significantly improved motor function and reduced dopaminergic neuron loss in substantia nigra; treatment with BMSCs and PBS resulted in similar outcomes. Preconditioning with fasudil inhibited the activation and aggregation of microglia, suppressed immune response, and reinforced BDNF secretion in MPTP-PD mice significantly more than treatment with BMSCs alone. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that intranasally administering BMSCs preconditioned with fasudil is a promising cell-based therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Tang
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Han
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Bai
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China.,The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jue Zhao
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Addiction to substances such as alcohol, cocaine, opioids, and methamphetamine poses a continuing clinical and public challenge globally. Despite progress in understanding substance use disorders, challenges remain in their treatment. Some of these challenges include limited ability of therapeutics to reach the brain (blood-brain barrier), adverse systemic side effects of current medications, and importantly key aspects of addiction not addressed by currently available treatments (such as cognitive impairment). Inability to sustain abstinence or seek treatment due to cognitive deficits such as poor decision-making and impulsivity is known to cause poor treatment outcomes. In this review, we provide an evidenced-based rationale for intranasal drug delivery as a viable and safe treatment modality to bypass the blood-brain barrier and target insulin to the brain to improve the treatment of addiction. Intranasal insulin with improvement of brain cell energy and glucose metabolism, stress hormone reduction, and improved monoamine transmission may be an ideal approach for treating multiple domains of addiction including memory and impulsivity. This may provide additional benefits to enhance current treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Kashyap
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA.
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Leah R Hanson
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
| | - William H Frey Ii
- HealthPartners Neuroscience Center, 295 Phalen Blvd, St Paul, Minnesota, 55130, USA
- HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA
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Li C, Chen YH, Zhang K. Neuroprotective Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Bone Marrow-Derived Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317520927169. [PMID: 32536247 PMCID: PMC10623913 DOI: 10.1177/1533317520927169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and senile plaques formed by amyloid β (Aβ). Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have proposed 2 types of microglia, namely, the resident microglia and bone marrow-derived microglia (BMDM). Recent studies suggested that BMDM, not the resident microglia, can phagocytose Aβ, which has a great therapeutic potential in AD. Bone marrow-derived microglia can populate the CNS in an efficient manner and their functions can be regulated by some genes. Thus, methods that increase their recruitment and phagocytosis could be used as a new tool that clears Aβ and ameliorates cognitive impairment. Herein, we review the neuroprotective functions of BMDM and their therapeutic potential in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Caplan H, Olson SD, Kumar A, George M, Prabhakara KS, Wenzel P, Bedi S, Toledano-Furman NE, Triolo F, Kamhieh-Milz J, Moll G, Cox CS. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutic Delivery: Translational Challenges to Clinical Application. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1645. [PMID: 31417542 PMCID: PMC6685059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their therapeutic potential across a wide range of diseases. In the preclinical setting, MSCs demonstrate consistent ability to promote tissue healing, down-regulate excessive inflammation and improve outcomes in animal models. Several proposed mechanisms of action have been posited and demonstrated across an array of in vitro models. However, translation into clinical practice has proven considerably more difficult. A number of prominent well-funded late-phase clinical trials have failed, thus calling out for new efforts to optimize product delivery in the clinical setting. In this review, we discuss novel topics critical to the successful translation of MSCs from pre-clinical to clinical applications. In particular, we focus on the major routes of cell delivery, aspects related to hemocompatibility, and potential safety concerns associated with MSC therapy in the different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Caplan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott D. Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Akshita Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mitchell George
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karthik S. Prabhakara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pamela Wenzel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Supinder Bedi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Naama E. Toledano-Furman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fabio Triolo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles S. Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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