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Maul K, Wei YM, Nebel M, Luebert F, Ho BC, Quandt D, Kessler M. Different Predictors Shape the Diversity Patterns of Epiphytic and Non-epiphytic Liverworts in Montane Forests of Uganda. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:765. [PMID: 32670313 PMCID: PMC7327462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the influence of regional and local variables on the liverwort diversity within natural forest vegetation of Uganda to contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms and processes determining species richness. To this end, we compared the species richness distribution patterns of epiphytic and non-epiphytic liverworts (Marchantiophytina) in 24 plots in the forests of four Ugandan national parks. We recorded a total of 119 species and subspecies from 18 families, including 16 new species records for the country. We used generalized linear models (GLMs) and the relative variable importance of regional and local climatic and environmental variables to assess their respective impact on the species diversity. We found that the richness patterns of total and epiphytic richness were largely driven by regional climatic factors related to temperature and water-availability. In contrast, species diversity of non-epiphytic and rare species was additionally strongly determined by local-scale microhabitat factors such as height of forest canopy and slope inclination, reflecting the availability of suitable microhabitats. We conclude that macroclimatic variables perform well in predicting epiphytic liverwort richness, whereas the adequate prediction of non-epiphytic richness requires site-specific variables. Also, we propose that richness of epiphytic liverworts will be impacted more directly by climate change than richness of non-epiphytic and rare species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karola Maul
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yu-Mei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Martin Nebel
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Federico Luebert
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservatión de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Boon-Chuan Ho
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dietmar Quandt
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Kessler
- Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Coe KK, Howard NB, Slate ML, Bowker MA, Mishler BD, Butler R, Greenwood J, Stark LR. Morphological and physiological traits in relation to carbon balance in a diverse clade of dryland mosses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:3140-3151. [PMID: 31306496 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional trait analyses have focused almost exclusively on vascular plants, but bryophytes comprise ancient and diverse plant lineages that have widespread global distributions and important ecological functions in terrestrial ecosystems. We examined a diverse clade of dryland mosses, Syntrichia, and studied carbon balance during a precipitation event (C-balance), a functional trait related to physiological functioning, desiccation tolerance, survival, and ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling. We examined variability in C-balance among 14 genotypes of Syntrichia and measured an additional 10 physiological and 13 morphological traits at the cell, leaf, shoot, and clump level. C-balance varied 20-fold among genotypes, and highest C-balances were associated with long, narrow leaves with awns, and small cells with thick cell walls, traits that may influence water uptake and retention during a precipitation event. Ordination analyses revealed that the axis most strongly correlated with C-balance included the maximum chlorophyll fluorescence, Fm , indicating the importance of photosystem II health for C exchange. C-balance represents a key functional trait in bryophytes, but its measurement is time intensive and not feasible to measure on large scales. We propose two models (using physiological and morphological traits) to predict C-balance, whereby identifying simpler to measure traits for trait databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten K Coe
- Department of Biology, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's, City, MD, 20653, USA
| | - Nora B Howard
- Department of Biology, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's, City, MD, 20653, USA
| | - Mandy L Slate
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Matthew A Bowker
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Brent D Mishler
- University and Jepson Herbaria, and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-2465, USA
| | - Riley Butler
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Joshua Greenwood
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Lloyd R Stark
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
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Mota de Oliveira S. The double role of pigmentation and convolute leaves in community assemblage of Amazonian epiphytic Lejeuneaceae. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5921. [PMID: 30533291 PMCID: PMC6276588 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epiphytic bryophyte communities in the Amazon forest show a vertical gradient in species composition along the trunk of the host trees. The investigation of species traits related to this pattern has focused on the physiology of selected taxa with a clear preference for one of the extremes of the gradient. Although some species are indeed only found on the tree base or in the outer canopy, the vertical gradient is composed mainly by the variation in the abundances of species with a broader occurrence along the height zones. Therefore, this study approaches the differences among community assemblages, rather than among species, to test the role of morphological and dispersal traits on the establishment of the vertical gradient in species composition. Methods A character state matrix was built for 104 species of the family Lejeuneaceae recorded as epiphytes in the Amazonian terra firme forests, and six binary traits supposed to influence species occurrence: dark pigmentation on leaves; ability to convolute leaves when drying; possession of thickened cell walls; reproduction mode (monoicous or dioicous); occurrence of asexual reproduction; and facultative epiphyllous habit. Based on a previous dataset on community composition along the vertical gradient, trait occurrences in random draws of the metacommunity was compared to trait occurrences in field data, in order to detect significant deviations in the different height zones. Results Four out of the six traits tested showed significantly higher or lower occurrence in the species composition of canopy and/or understory communities. Traits related to high dispersal ability did not vary much along the vertical gradient; although facultative epiphylls were overrepresented on tree base. Dark pigmentation and convolute leaves were significantly more frequent in the canopy communities, but also significantly less frequent in communities at the base of the tree. Discussion Dark pigmentation and convolute leaves seem to be advantageous for the establishment in the canopy zones. They may, respectively, prevent light damage and allow longer periods of photosynthesis. Interestingly, these traits occur randomly along the trunk, but are wiped out of communities on the tree base. In the relatively deep shade of the first meters of the understory, they possibly hamper net carbon gain, the first by darkening the leaf surface and the second by delaying desiccation—which can be damaging under high temperatures and low light. The fact that production of asexual propagules is not overrepresented in the most dynamic microenvironment along the gradient, the canopy, challenges current views of bryophyte life strategy theory.
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Zartman CE, Amaral JA, Figueiredo JN, de Sales Dambros C. Drought Impacts Survivorship and Reproductive Strategies of an Epiphyllous Leafy Liverwort in Central Amazonia. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Zartman
- Department of Biodiversity (CBIO); National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Av. André Araújo, 2936, C. P. 2223 CEP 69080-971 Petrópolis Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - July A. Amaral
- Department of Biodiversity (CBIO); National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Av. André Araújo, 2936, C. P. 2223 CEP 69080-971 Petrópolis Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - José N. Figueiredo
- Department of Biodiversity (CBIO); National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA); Av. André Araújo, 2936, C. P. 2223 CEP 69080-971 Petrópolis Manaus Amazonas Brazil
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Yu Y, Heinrichs J, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Zhu RL, Schneider H. Inferring the accumulation of morphological disparity in epiphyllous liverworts. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-014-0166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lumbsch HT, Parnmen S, Kraichak E, Papong KB, Lücking R. High frequency of character transformations is phylogenetically structured within the lichenized fungal family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales). SYST BIODIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2014.905506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yu Y, Heinrichs J, Zhu RL, Schneider H. Empirical evidence supporting frequent cryptic speciation in epiphyllous liverworts: a case study of the Cololejeunea lanciloba complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84124. [PMID: 24367634 PMCID: PMC3867491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptic species are frequently recovered in plant lineages, and considered an important cause for divergent of morphological disparity and species diversity. The identification of cryptic species has important implications for the assessment of conservation needs of species aggregates. The mechanisms and processes of the origin of cryptic species diversity are still poorly understand based on the lack of studies especially in context of environment factors. Here we explored evidence for cryptic species within the epiphyllous liverworts Cololejeunea lanciloba complex based on two loci, the plastid trnL-F region and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. Several analytic approaches were employed to delimit species based on DNA sequence variation including phylogenetic reconstruction, statistical parsimony networks analysis and two recently introduced species delimitation criteria: Rosenberg’s reciprocal monophyly and Rodrigo’s randomly distinct. We found evidence for thirteen genetically distinct putative species, each consisting of more than one haplotype, rather than four morphologically-circumscribed species. The results implied that the highly conserved phenotypes are not congruent with the genetic differentiation, contributing to incorrect assessments of the biodiversity of epiphyllous liverworts. We hypothesize that evolution of cryptic species recovered may be caused by selection of traits critical to the survival in epiphyllous habitats combined with limited developmental options designed in the small body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Life Science, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Rui-Liang Zhu
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (RLZ); (HS)
| | - Harald Schneider
- Department of Life Science, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- The State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,
- * E-mail: (RLZ); (HS)
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Heinrichs J, Dong S, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Pócs T, Feldberg K, Czumaj A, Schmidt AR, Reitner J, Renner MAM, Hentschel J, Stech M, Schneider H. Molecular phylogeny of the leafy liverwort Lejeunea (Porellales): evidence for a neotropical origin, uneven distribution of sexual systems and insufficient taxonomy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82547. [PMID: 24367522 PMCID: PMC3867362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lejeunea is a largely epiphytic, subcosmopolitan liverwort genus with a complex taxonomic history. Species circumscriptions and their relationships are subject to controversy; biogeographic history and diversification through time are largely unknown. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS We employed sequences of two chloroplast regions (trnL-trnF, rbcL) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region of 332 accessions to explore the phylogeny of the Harpalejeunea-Lejeunea-Microlejeunea complex. Lejeunea forms a well-supported clade that splits into two main lineages corresponding to L. subg. Lejeunea and L. subg. Crossotolejeunea. Neotropical accessions dominate early diverging lineages of both main clades of Lejeunea. This pattern suggests an origin in the Neotropics followed by several colonizations from the Neotropics into the Paleotropics and vice versa. Most Afro-Madagascan clades are related to Asian clades. Several temperate Lejeunea radiations were detected. Eighty two of the 91 investigated Lejeunea species could be identified to species level. Of these 82 species, 54 were represented by multiple accessions (25 para- or polyphyletic, 29 monophyletic). Twenty nine of the 36 investigated species of L. subg. Lejeunea were monoicous and 7 dioicous. Within L. subg. Crossotolejeunea, 15 of the 46 investigated species were monoicous and 31 dioicous. Some dioicous as well as some monoicous species have disjunct ranges. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We present the first global phylogeny of Lejeunea and the first example of a Neotropical origin of a Pantropical liverwort genus. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the Neotropics as a cradle of Lejeunea lineages and detect post-colonization radiations in Asia, Australasia, Afro-Madagascar and Europe. Dioicy/monoicy shifts are likely non-randomly distributed. The presented phylogeny points to the need of integrative taxonomical studies to clarify many Lejeunea binomials. Most importantly, it provides a framework for future studies on the diversification of this lineage in space and time, especially in the context of sexual systems in Lejeuneaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Heinrichs
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Tamás Pócs
- Botany Department, Institute of Biology, Eszterházy College, Eger, Hungary
| | - Kathrin Feldberg
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Reitner
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Joern Hentschel
- Department of Systematic Botany with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Stech
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Renner MA, Devos N, Patiño J, Brown EA, Orme A, Elgey M, Wilson TC, Gray LJ, von Konrat MJ. Integrative taxonomy resolves the cryptic and pseudo-cryptic Radula buccinifera complex (Porellales, Jungermanniopsida), including two reinstated and five new species. PHYTOKEYS 2013; 27:1-113. [PMID: 24223490 PMCID: PMC3821098 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.27.5523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular data from three chloroplast markers resolve individuals attributable to Radula buccinifera in six lineages belonging to two subgenera, indicating the species is polyphyletic as currently circumscribed. All lineages are morphologically diagnosable, but one pair exhibits such morphological overlap that they can be considered cryptic. Molecular and morphological data justify the re-instatement of a broadly circumscribed ecologically variable R. strangulata, of R. mittenii, and the description of five new species. Two species Radula mittenii Steph. and R. notabilis sp. nov. are endemic to the Wet Tropics Bioregion of north-east Queensland, suggesting high diversity and high endemism might characterise the bryoflora of this relatively isolated wet-tropical region. Radula demissa sp. nov. is endemic to southern temperate Australasia, and like R. strangulata occurs on both sides of the Tasman Sea. Radula imposita sp. nov. is a twig and leaf epiphyte found in association with waterways in New South Wales and Queensland. Another species, R. pugioniformis sp. nov., has been confused with Radula buccinifera but was not included in the molecular phylogeny. Morphological data suggest it may belong to subg. Odontoradula. Radula buccinifera is endemic to Australia including Western Australia and Tasmania, and to date is known from south of the Clarence River on the north coast of New South Wales. Nested within R. buccinifera is a morphologically distinct plant from Norfolk Island described as R. anisotoma sp. nov. Radula australiana is resolved as monophyletic, sister to a species occurring in east coast Australian rainforests, and nesting among the R. buccinifera lineages with strong support. The molecular phylogeny suggests several long-distance dispersal events may have occurred. These include two east-west dispersal events from New Zealand to Tasmania and south-east Australia in R. strangulata, one east-west dispersal event from Tasmania to Western Australia in R. buccinifera, and at least one west-east dispersal from Australia to New Zealand in R. australiana. Another west-east dispersal event from Australia to Norfolk Island may have led to the budding speciation of R. anisotoma. In contrast, Radula demissa is phylogeographically subdivided into strongly supported clades either side of the Tasman Sea, suggesting long distance dispersal is infrequent in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt A.M. Renner
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Nicolas Devos
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90388, Durham NC 27708, U.S.A
| | - Jairo Patiño
- Institute of Botany, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A. Brown
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Andrew Orme
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Michael Elgey
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Trevor C. Wilson
- Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Lindsey J. Gray
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Matt J. von Konrat
- The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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