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Ngarega BK, Chaibva P, Masocha VF, Saina JK, Khine PK, Schneider H. Application of MaxEnt modeling to evaluate the climate change effects on the geographic distribution of Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng in Africa. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:62. [PMID: 38112854 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Lippia javanica is a typical indigenous plant species mostly found in the higher elevation or mountainous regions in southern, central, and eastern Africa. The ongoing utilization of the species for ethnobotanical applications and traditional uses, coupled with the changing climate, increases the risk of a potential reduction in its geographic distribution range in the region. Herein, we utilized the MaxEnt species distribution modelling to build the L. javanica distribution models in tropical and subtropical African regions for current and future climates. The MaxEnt models were calibrated and fitted using 286 occurrence records and six environmental variables. Temperatures, including temperature seasonality [Bio 4] and the maximum temperature of the warmest month [Bio 5], were observed to be the most significant determinants of L. javanica's distribution. The current projected range for L. javanica was estimated to be 2,118,457 km2. Future model predictions indicated that L. javanica may increase its geographic distribution in western areas of the continent and regions around the equator; however, much of the geographic range in southern Africa may shift southwards, causing the species to lose portions of the northern limits of the habitat range. These current findings can help increase the conservation of L. javanica and other species and combat localized species loss induced by climate change and human pressure. We also emphasize the importance of more investigations and enhanced surveillance of traditionally used plant species in regions that are acutely susceptible to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface K Ngarega
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Paul Chaibva
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Midlands State University, Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Valerie F Masocha
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China.
| | - Josphat K Saina
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
| | - Phyo K Khine
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
| | - Harald Schneider
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, China
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Barron P, Mahomed H, Masilela TC, Vallabhjee K, Schneider H. District Health System performance in South Africa: Are current monitoring systems optimal? S Afr Med J 2023; 113:13. [PMID: 38525618 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i12.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review the monitoring and evaluation system that is used to measure the performance of primary healthcare delivered through the district health system and district management teams. We then review some global frameworks, especially linked to the World Health Organization, and look at some of the differences between what is internationally recommended and what we do in South Africa. We end with some recommendations to improve the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barron
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - H Mahomed
- Western Cape Government Health and Wellness and Division of Health, Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - T C Masilela
- Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - K Vallabhjee
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - H Schneider
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Schneider H, Masilela T, Mndebele J, Vallabhjee K, Petersen I, Gilson L, Engelbrecht B. Special series on the District Health System. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:14. [PMID: 38525616 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i11.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Masilela
- Outcomes Facilitator, Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, South Africa.
| | - J Mndebele
- Chief Director, District Health Services, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, South Africa.
| | - K Vallabhjee
- Advisor, Clinton Health Access Initiative, South Africa.
| | - I Petersen
- Director and Research Professor, Centre for Rural Health, School of Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - L Gilson
- Professor, Division of Health Policy and Systems, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - B Engelbrecht
- Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, and Extraordinary Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Schneider H, Mukinda F, Cupido J, Wessels J, Kupa P, Leboho P, Nkoana N, Bosch N, Pillay Y. Improving health outcomes and quality at the subdistrict level: Evaluation of the '3 feet model' in Waterberg District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:15-21. [PMID: 38525622 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i11.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a gap in understanding of potential roles and actions at the subdistrict level to improve quality of care and health outcomes in South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVES To report on the evaluation of a subdistrict health system-strengthening initiative that aimed to reduce maternal, newborn and child mortality, referred to as the '3 feet model' in Waterberg District, Limpopo Province, SA. The model is centred on systems of real-time morbidity/mortality surveillance and co-ordinated responses. It was implemented in three of five Waterberg subdistricts over an 18-month period in 2021 and 2022. METHODS A prospective, process-tracing evaluation was conducted jointly between researchers, intervention partners and subdistrict decision-makers. Data sources combined ~100 hours of researcher participant observation, interviews with 14 health system actors, structured reflections by three subdistrict managers and information from the routine District Health Information System. Sources were triangulated and analysed based on a priori hypotheses on mechanisms of action. RESULTS Following uptake of the model, the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) improved by 28.8%, 11.5% and 28% in the three subdistricts, respectively, while the PMR worsened in two of four neighbouring subdistricts. Plausible factors in implementation successes were the presence of stable and committed hybrid (clinical-managerial) subdistrict leaders and their ability to overcome entrenched silos between a variety of system actors; new collaborative relationships between primary healthcare facilities, hospitals and emergency medical services; the generation and packaging of information in ways that directed responses ('actionable intelligence'); and support from senior district managers. CONCLUSION While not advocating for a cut-and-paste approach to improving quality and outcomes, positive experiences in Waterberg District suggest that the principles and mechanisms of action of the 3 feet model have wider relevance for policy and practice, especially as emphasis shifts towards the subdistrict as a core unit of population health and wellbeing in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schneider
- School of Public Health and SAMRC Health Services to Systems Research Unit, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - F Mukinda
- School of Public Health and SAMRC Health Services to Systems Research Unit, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - J Cupido
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - J Wessels
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - P Kupa
- Waterberg Health District, Limpopo Department of Health, Polokwane, South Africa.
| | - P Leboho
- Waterberg Health District, Limpopo Department of Health, Polokwane, South Africa.
| | - N Nkoana
- Waterberg Health District, Limpopo Department of Health, Polokwane, South Africa.
| | - N Bosch
- Waterberg Health District, Limpopo Department of Health, Polokwane, South Africa.
| | - Y Pillay
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Pretoria, South Africa, and Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Clark JW, Hetherington AJ, Morris JL, Pressel S, Duckett JG, Puttick MN, Schneider H, Kenrick P, Wellman CH, Donoghue PCJ. Evolution of phenotypic disparity in the plant kingdom. Nat Plants 2023; 9:1618-1626. [PMID: 37666963 PMCID: PMC10581900 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant kingdom exhibits diverse bodyplans, from single-celled algae to complex multicellular land plants, but it is unclear how this phenotypic disparity was achieved. Here we show that the living divisions comprise discrete clusters within morphospace, separated largely by reproductive innovations, the extinction of evolutionary intermediates and lineage-specific evolution. Phenotypic complexity correlates not with disparity but with ploidy history, reflecting the role of genome duplication in plant macroevolution. Overall, the plant kingdom exhibits a pattern of episodically increasing disparity throughout its evolutionary history that mirrors the evolutionary floras and reflects ecological expansion facilitated by reproductive innovations. This pattern also parallels that seen in the animal and fungal kingdoms, suggesting a general pattern for the evolution of multicellular bodyplans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Clark
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
| | - Alexander J Hetherington
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Jennifer L Morris
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Mark N Puttick
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Harald Schneider
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The Natural History Museum, London, UK
- Center of Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | | | | | - Philip C J Donoghue
- Bristol Palaeobiology Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Rather SA, Wang T, Liu H, Schneider H. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Dalbergia congesta (Fabaceae), an endangered legume endemic to the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu, India. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:126. [PMID: 37067625 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Reference-guided de novo assembly of the Dalbergia congesta chloroplast genome was carried out using whole-genome sequencing data. The newly generated chloroplast genome size had a total length of 156,048 bp and a GC content of 36.1%. The plastome showed the classical quadripartite structure with two inverted repeats regions (IRs; each 25,715 bp) separating the large single-copy region (LSC; 85,456 bp) from the small single-copy region (SSC; 19,162 bp). The plastid genome contained 111 unique genes, including 77 protein-coding genes (CDS), 30 tRNAs, and 4 rRNAs. The phylogenomic analyses based on whole chloroplast genome sequences recovered Dalbergia as a distinct clade of the Papilionoideae, with Dalbergia congesta having a sister relationship to a clade comprising D. fusca and D. cultrata. The newly available plastome sequence will facilitate future genetic and conservational research aiming to protect this economically important but highly threatened legume species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir A Rather
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
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Fujiwara T, Liu H, Meza-Torres EI, Morero RE, Vega AJ, Liang Z, Ebihara A, Leitch IJ, Schneider H. Evolution of genome space occupation in ferns: linking genome diversity and species richness. Ann Bot 2023; 131:59-70. [PMID: 34259813 PMCID: PMC9904345 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The dynamics of genome evolution caused by whole genome duplications and other processes are hypothesized to shape the diversification of plants and thus contribute to the astonishing variation in species richness among the main lineages of land plants. Ferns, the second most species-rich lineage of land plants, are highly suitable to test this hypothesis because of several unique features that distinguish fern genomes from those of seed plants. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that genome diversity and disparity shape fern species diversity by recording several parameters related to genome size and chromosome number. METHODS We conducted de novo measurement of DNA C-values across the fern phylogeny to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the genome space occupation in ferns by integrating genomic parameters such as genome size, chromosome number and average DNA amount per chromosome into a time-scaled phylogenetic framework. Using phylogenetic generalized least square methods, we determined correlations between chromosome number and genome size, species diversity and evolutionary rates of their transformation. KEY RESULTS The measurements of DNA C-values for 233 species more than doubled the taxon coverage from ~2.2 % in previous studies to 5.3 % of extant diversity. The dataset not only documented substantial differences in the accumulation of genomic diversity and disparity among the major lineages of ferns but also supported the predicted correlation between species diversity and the dynamics of genome evolution. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated substantial genome disparity among different groups of ferns and supported the prediction that alterations of reproductive modes alter trends of genome evolution. Finally, we recovered evidence for a close link between the dynamics of genome evolution and species diversity in ferns for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fujiwara
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
- Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Esteban I Meza-Torres
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Rita E Morero
- Instituto Multidiscipinario de Biologia Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Alvaro J Vega
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Zhenlong Liang
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Atsushi Ebihara
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
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Schneider H, Kredo T, Odendaal WA, Abdullah F. Healthcare Delivery. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:61-64. [PMID: 36757075 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i2.16798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here on the process and findings of a research prioritisation exercise for universal health coverage (UHC) in South Africa, conducted during the course of 2019. As plans to roll out National Health Insurance (NHI) gather momentum and we transition into a pandemic recovery phase, we believe that it is now time to revisit these priorities, while recognising that experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic have revealed new system challenges and strengths and introduced new priorities. The UHC research priority-setting methodology followed a stepwise process of collation of evidence, expert brainstorming and the development of a survey completed by 68 members of the Public Health Association of South Africa. Themes related to leadership and governance were ranked most highly, and with other priorities generated, provide an initial road map of knowledge needs that could guide individual institutions and commissioning by funding bodies. We further reflect on the importance of researcher-decision-maker dialogue and strengthening the contribution of health policy and systems research to policy and practice, especially as new reforms are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schneider
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Health Services to Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - T Kredo
- South African Cochrane Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - W A Odendaal
- HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - F Abdullah
- Office of AIDS and TB Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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Radbouchoom S, Phutthai T, Schneider H. Begoniafimbristipulasubsp.siamensis (sect. Diploclinium, Begoniaceae), a new taxon of the megadiverse genus endemic to Thailand. PhytoKeys 2023; 218:1-10. [PMID: 36762278 PMCID: PMC9846279 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.218.85699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus Begonia has not only been recognised to be one of the mega-diverse plant genera but also as one found to comprise many undiscovered species. In particular, the increase of extensive field surveys in tropical regions of Southeast Asia has added to the discovery of many new species that are often found only in a few localities. In this study, the new taxon Begoniafimbristipulasubsp.siamensissubsp. nov. from Thailand is described. The Thailand accessions are highly similar in their morphology to accessions of B.fimbristipula from southern China but differ in their tuber shape, peduncle trichomes, petiole trichomes and number of female tepals. The new taxon has been found only in the northern parts of Thailand occurring at elevations above 1,300 meters. The new findings not only contribute to our knowledge of the plant diversity of Thailand but provide also critical information contributing to the protection of this species. In China, this species is endangered which is of special concern given its utilisation as a medical herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Considering IUCN Red List Categories, the new subspecies is considered to be Vulnerable. The disjunct distribution of the two subspecies of B.fimbristipula encourages urgently needed comparative taxonomic studies across the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirilak Radbouchoom
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, Yunnan, ChinaCenter for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Thamarat Phutthai
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University (Salaya Campus), Nakhon Pathom 73170, ThailandMahidol UniversityNakhon PathomThailand
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, Yunnan, ChinaCenter for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina
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Zhong Y, Liu Y, Wu W, Chen J, Sun C, Liu H, Shu J, Ebihara A, Yan Y, Zhou R, Schneider H. Genomic insights into genetic diploidization in the homosporous fern Adiantum nelumboides. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:evac127. [PMID: 35946426 PMCID: PMC9387920 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome duplication has been recognized as a major process in speciation of land plants, especially in ferns. Whereas genome downsizing contributes greatly to the post-genome shock responses of polyploid flowering plants, diploidization of polyploid ferns diverges by maintaining most of the duplicated DNA and is thus expected to be dominated by genic processes. As a consequence, fern genomes provide excellent opportunities to study ecological speciation enforced by expansion of protein families via polyploidy. To test the key predictions of this hypothesis, we reported the de novo genome sequence of Adiantum nelumboides, a tetraploid homosporous fern. The obtained draft genome had a size of 6.27 Gb assembled into 11,767 scaffolds with the contig N50 of 1.37 Mb. Repetitive DNA sequences contributed with about 81.7%, a remarkably high proportion of the genome. With 69,568 the number of predicted protein-coding genes exceeded those reported in most other land plant genomes. Intragenomic synteny analyses recovered 443 blocks with the average block size of 1.29 Mb and the average gene content of 16 genes. The results are consistent with the hypothesis of high ancestral chromosome number, lack of substantial genome downsizing, and dominance of genic diploidization. As expected in the calciphilous plants, a notable number of detected genes were involved in calcium uptake and transport. In summary, the genome sequence of a tetraploid homosporous fern not only provides access to a genomic resource of a derived fern, but also supports the hypothesis of maintenance of high chromosome numbers and duplicated DNA in young polyploid ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiangping Shu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, and the Orchid Conservation and Research Centre of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Atsushi Ebihara
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuehong Yan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, and the Orchid Conservation and Research Centre of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Renchao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
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Chen K, Khine PK, Yang Z, Schneider H. Historical plant records enlighten the conservation efforts of ferns and Lycophytes’ diversity in tropical China. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Masocha VF, Liu H, Zhan P, Wang K, Zeng A, Shen S, Schneider H. Bacterial Microbiome in the Phyllo-Endosphere of Highly Specialized Rock Spleenwort. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:891155. [PMID: 35874023 PMCID: PMC9302946 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.891155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria communities associated with plants have been given increasing consideration because they are arguably beneficial to their host plants. To understand the ecological and evolutionary impact of these mutualistic associations, it is important to explore the vast unknown territory of bacterial genomic diversity and their functional contributions associated with the major branches of the tree-of-life. Arguably, this aim can be achieved by profiling bacterial communities by applying high throughput sequencing approaches, besides establishing model plant organisms to test key predictions. This study utilized the Illumina Miseq reads of bacterial 16S rRNA sequences to determine the bacterial diversity associated with the endosphere of the leaves of the highly specialized rock spleenwort Asplenium delavayi (Aspleniaceae). By documenting the bacterial communities associated with ferns collected in natural occurrence and cultivation, this study discovered the most species-rich bacterial communities associated with terrestrial ferns reported until now. Despite the substantial variations of species diversity and composition among accessions, a set of 28 bacterial OTUs was found to be shared among all accessions. Functional analyses recovered evidence to support the predictions that changes in bacterial community compositions correspond to functional differentiation. Given the ease of cultivating this species, Asplenium delavayi is introduced here as a model organism to explore the ecological and evolutionary benefits created by mutualistic associations between bacteria and ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie F. Masocha
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingshan Zhan
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Zeng
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Pu’er University, Pu’er, China
| | - Sike Shen
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Harald Schneider
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fujiwara T, Khine PK, Hori K, Shin T, Murakami N, Schneider H. Lepisorusmedioximus (Polypodiales, Polypodiaceae), a new species from Shan State of Myanmar. PhytoKeys 2022; 201:23-34. [PMID: 36762316 PMCID: PMC9848922 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.201.84911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new species of the species-rich fern genus Lepisorus (Polypodiales, Polypodiaceae) has been found to occur in Shan state, Myanmar. Lepisorusmedioximus is described based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the specimens of L.medioximus formed a distinct clade nested in the Pseudovittaria clade. The morphological comparison demonstrated that the species is distinct from phylogenetically related species, namely L.elegans, L.contortus, and L.tosaensis, in the morphology of the rhizome scales, size, and shape of the lamina, position of sori, and paraphyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fujiwara
- Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, JapanXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, ChinaTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Phyo Kay Khine
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, ChinaTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kiyotaka Hori
- The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden 4200-6 Godaisan, Kochi 781-8125, JapanThe Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical GardenKochiJapan
| | - Thant Shin
- Forest Research Institute, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, MyanmarForest Research InstituteNay Pyi TawMyanmar
| | - Noriaki Murakami
- Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, JapanXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglunChina
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, ChinaTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
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Hori K, Khine PK, Fujiwara T, Shin T, Schneider H. Thylacopterisminuta (Polypodiaceae), a new fern species from Myanmar. PhytoKeys 2022; 199:141-153. [PMID: 36761878 PMCID: PMC9849001 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.199.83107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus Thylacopteris is a small, phylogenetically isolated genus belonging to the fern family Polypodiaceae. This study describes a new species, Thylacopterisminuta, based on collections obtained during field surveys of Shan State, Myanmar. This new species is distinct from other species of Thylacopteris in its small size and presence of sclerenchyma strands in the rhizome. This species is also distinct from the only other species of Thylacopteris with molecular data available, T.papillosa, in a plastid rbcL phylogeny of Polypodiaceae. This new discovery of Thylacopteris from Myanmar suggests that this genus is still overlooked in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Hori
- The Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden 4200-6 Godaisan, Kochi 781-8125, JapanThe Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical GardenKochiJapan
| | - Phyo Kay Khine
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, ChinaXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
| | - Tao Fujiwara
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, ChinaXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, JapanTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Thant Shin
- Forest Research Institute, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, MyanmarForest Research InstituteYezinMyanmar
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, ChinaXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
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15
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Leo B, Schneider H, Hammersen J. Reproductive decision-making by women with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1863-1870. [PMID: 35611639 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) deficiency results in malformation of hair, teeth, and sweat glands. Lack of sweating which can cause life-threatening hyperthermia is amenable to intrauterine therapy with recombinant EDA1. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at evaluating reproductive decision-making by women with XLHED and at clarifying the potential impact of a prenatal treatment option. METHODS In a retrospective cross-sectional analysis, a 75-item questionnaire filled in by 50 women with XLHED (age 19-49 years) was assessed. RESULTS 16 women (32%) prevented pregnancies because of the risk to pass on XLHED, 15 considered assisted reproduction for the same reason. Twelve women had a history of miscarriage, stillbirth or abortion, three women reported on previous abortion of affected fetuses. When imagining to be pregnant, all except one showed interest in prenatal diagnosis of XLHED and in the possibility of treatment before birth. In 13 out of 50 women (26%), XLHED if detected prenatally would have impact on the continuation of pregnancy. Among 35 mothers of at least one affected child, XLHED had rarely been diagnosed during the first pregnancy (17%) but regularly during subsequent pregnancies (77%). Becoming aware of the condition before birth had caused a moral conflict for 50% of these women. Subjects with an affected child less frequently considered assisted reproduction to prevent XLHED (p<0.05). In more than 66% of the women who reported an effect of XLHED on family planning, a prenatal treatment option for this disease would influence their decision-making. CONCLUSIONS Many pregnant XLHED carriers who seek prenatal diagnosis experience moral conflicts. A prenatal treatment option would have strong impact on reproductive decisions, underlining the importance of adequate professional counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Leo
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Hammersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Schneider H. Influences on therapeutic drug monitoring of psychotropic drugs
– analyst's perspective. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Shi C, Wang S, Cai HH, Zhang HR, Long XX, Tihelka E, Song WC, Feng Q, Jiang RX, Cai CY, Lombard N, Li X, Yuan J, Zhu JP, Yang HY, Liu XF, Xiang QP, Zhao ZT, Long CL, Schneider H, Zhang XC, Peng H, Li DZ, Fan Y, Engel MS, Wang YD, Spicer RA. Fire-prone Rhamnaceae with South African affinities in Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Nat Plants 2022; 8:125-135. [PMID: 35102275 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid Cretaceous diversification of flowering plants remains Darwin's 'abominable mystery' despite numerous fossil flowers discovered in recent years. Wildfires were frequent in the Cretaceous and many such early flower fossils are represented by charcoalified fragments, lacking complete delicate structures and surface textures, making their similarity to living forms difficult to discern. Furthermore, scarcity of information about the ecology of early angiosperms makes it difficult to test hypotheses about the drivers of their diversification, including the role of fire in shaping flowering plant evolution. We report the discovery of two exquisitely preserved fossil flower species, one identical to the inflorescences of the extant crown-eudicot genus Phylica and the other recovered as a sister group to Phylica, both preserved as inclusions together with burned plant remains in Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar (~99 million years ago). These specialized flower species, named Phylica piloburmensis sp. nov. and Eophylica priscastellata gen. et sp. nov., exhibit traits identical to those of modern taxa in fire-prone ecosystems such as the fynbos of South Africa, and provide evidence of fire adaptation in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
- Fushun Amber Institute, Fushun, China.
| | - Hao-Hong Cai
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Rui Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Long
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Erik Tihelka
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol, UK
| | - Wei-Cai Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Feng
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ri-Xin Jiang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Yang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Natasha Lombard
- Biosystematics and Biodiversity Collections Division, National Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Xiong Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Yuan
- Shanghai World Expo Museum, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui-Yu Yang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Liu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiao-Ping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zun-Tian Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Lin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Harald Schneider
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Fushun Amber Institute, Fushun, China
| | - Michael S Engel
- Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert A Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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Ngarega BK, Masocha VF, Schneider H. Forecasting the effects of bioclimatic characteristics and climate change on the potential distribution of Colophospermum mopane in southern Africa using Maximum Entropy (Maxent). ECOL INFORM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
There can be no doubt that early land plant evolution transformed the planet but, until recently, how and when this was achieved was unclear. Coincidence in the first appearance of land plant fossils and formative shifts in atmospheric oxygen and CO2 are an artefact of the paucity of earlier terrestrial rocks. Disentangling the timing of land plant bodyplan assembly and its impact on global biogeochemical cycles has been precluded by uncertainty concerning the relationships of bryophytes to one another and to the tracheophytes, as well as the timescale over which these events unfolded. New genome and transcriptome sequencing projects, combined with the application of sophisticated phylogenomic modelling methods, have yielded increasing support for the Setaphyta clade of liverworts and mosses, within monophyletic bryophytes. We consider the evolution of anatomy, genes, genomes and of development within this phylogenetic context, concluding that many vascular plant (tracheophytes) novelties were already present in a comparatively complex last common ancestor of living land plants (embryophytes). Molecular clock analyses indicate that embryophytes emerged in a mid-Cambrian to early Ordovician interval, compatible with hypotheses on their role as geoengineers, precipitating early Palaeozoic glaciations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C J Donoghue
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - C Jill Harrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Jordi Paps
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Harald Schneider
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK; Center of Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, China
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20
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Al B, Freimooser S, Holzscheck N, Traidl S, Zeitvogel J, Schneider H, Dorda M, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Werfel T, Seidel J. 036 Identifying immune targets for atopic dermatitis relapse prevention. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Du XY, Lu JM, Zhang LB, Wen J, Kuo LY, Mynssen CM, Schneider H, Li DZ. Simultaneous diversification of Polypodiales and angiosperms in the Mesozoic. Cladistics 2021; 37:518-539. [PMID: 34570931 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprising about 82% of the extant fern species diversity, Polypodiales are generally believed to have diversified in the Late Cretaceous. We estimated the divergence times of Polypodiales using both penalized likelihood and Bayesian methods, based on a dataset consisting of 208 plastomes representing all 28 families and 14 fossil constraints reflecting current interpretations of fossil record. Our plastome phylogeny recovered the same six major lineages as a recent nuclear phylogeny, but the position of Dennstaedtiineae was different. The present phylogeny showed high resolution of relationships among the families of Polypodiales, especially among those forming the Aspleniineae. The divergence time estimates supported the most recent common ancestor of Polypodiales and its closest relative dating back to the Triassic, establishment of the major lineages in the Jurassic, and a likely accelerated radiation during the late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. The estimated divergence patterns of Polypodiales and angiosperms converge to a scenario in which their main lineages were established simultaneously shortly before the onset of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, and further suggest a pre-Cretaceous hidden history for both lineages. The pattern of simultaneous diversifications shown here elucidate an important gap in our understanding of the Terrestrial Revolution that shaped today's ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Du
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.,Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Qingsong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jin-Mei Lu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.,Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Li-Bing Zhang
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Li-Yaung Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Claudine M Mynssen
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666000, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.,Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Qingsong Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
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22
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Wehr M, Lecointre L, Schneider H, Schwartz L, Faller E, Boisramé T, Baldauf JJ, Akladios C. [Outpatient laparoscopic hysterectomy in France: A monocentric randomized trial]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 50:33-39. [PMID: 34509670 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of outpatient laparoscopic hysterectomy using the assessment of post-operative quality of life. METHODS A prospective randomized single-center trial was performed in France between 2013 and 2016. A total of 42 patients needed laparoscopic hysterectomy was included. Postoperative quality of life was assessed using the standardized Euroquol questionnaire. Patients filled the score before the operation and then on the 3rd and 30th postoperative day. Secondary outcomes were assessment of postoperative pain, overall quality of life, analgesic use, and anxiety. The patients were randomized into two groups, group A with a conventional hospital stay of 2 to 3 days and group B with a short stay and a discharge the day after the intervention. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were randomized to group A as well as group B. We did not find any significant differences between the two groups in our study either on our primary outcome or in the seconds ones. On day 3, the average of Euroquol score was 0.68 for group A against 0.50 for group B (P=0.05). Likewise, the scores for postoperative pain were similar with 70.6 in group A and 61.8 in group B (P=0.21). The trend was the same for quality of life score or anxiety. CONCLUSION Our study shows the possibility and the safety of outpatient laparoscopic hysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wehr
- Department of gynecologic surgery, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
| | - L Lecointre
- Department of gynecologic surgery, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France; I-Cube UMR 7357 laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie, université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France; Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Institute for Minimally Invasive Hybrid Image-Guided Surgery, université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
| | - H Schneider
- Centre hospitalier de Saverne, Saverne et Haguenau, France.
| | - L Schwartz
- Centre hospitalier de Haguenau, Saverne et Haguenau, France.
| | - E Faller
- Department of gynecologic surgery, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
| | - T Boisramé
- Department of gynecologic surgery, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
| | - J-J Baldauf
- Department of gynecologic surgery, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
| | - C Akladios
- Department of gynecologic surgery, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
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Grin-Yatsenko V, Ponomarev V, Kara O, Wandernoth B, Gregory M, Ilyukhina V, Kropotov J, Schneider H. P 57. Effect of Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback on Infra-Slow EEG Fluctuations. Clin Neurophysiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Vennemann M, Oppelt C, Grethe S, Anslinger K, Fimmers R, Schneider H, Hohoff C, Eckert M, Rothämel T, Schneider PM. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der forensischen DNA-Analyse unter dem Gesichtspunkt verschiedener Szenarien zur Spurenentstehung. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-021-00508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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25
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Chen Y, Fu C, Wu Z, Xu H, Liu H, Schneider H, Lin J. Ginkgo biloba: (Trends in Genetics 37, 488-489; 2021). Trends Genet 2021; 37:1046. [PMID: 34266692 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Frangedakis E, Guzman-Chavez F, Rebmann M, Markel K, Yu Y, Perraki A, Tse SW, Liu Y, Rever J, Sauret-Gueto S, Goffinet B, Schneider H, Haseloff J. Construction of DNA Tools for Hyperexpression in Marchantia Chloroplasts. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1651-1666. [PMID: 34097383 PMCID: PMC8296666 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are attractive platforms for synthetic biology applications since they are capable of driving very high levels of transgene expression, if mRNA production and stability are properly regulated. However, plastid transformation is a slow process and currently limited to a few plant species. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is a simple model plant that allows rapid transformation studies; however, its potential for protein hyperexpression has not been fully exploited. This is partially due to the fact that chloroplast post-transcriptional regulation is poorly characterized in this plant. We have mapped patterns of transcription in Marchantia chloroplasts. Furthermore, we have obtained and compared sequences from 51 bryophyte species and identified putative sites for pentatricopeptide repeat protein binding that are thought to play important roles in mRNA stabilization. Candidate binding sites were tested for their ability to confer high levels of reporter gene expression in Marchantia chloroplasts, and levels of protein production and effects on growth were measured in homoplastic transformed plants. We have produced novel DNA tools for protein hyperexpression in this facile plant system that is a test-bed for chloroplast engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychios Frangedakis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Fernando Guzman-Chavez
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Marius Rebmann
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Kasey Markel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Artemis Perraki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Sze Wai Tse
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Yang Liu
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China
| | - Jenna Rever
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Susanna Sauret-Gueto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Bernard Goffinet
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043, United States
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jim Haseloff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
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Li J, Rana R, Zhu L, Liu C, Schneider H, Pashkin A. Limitation of THz conversion efficiency in DSTMS pumped by intense femtosecond pulses. Opt Express 2021; 29:22494-22503. [PMID: 34266011 DOI: 10.1364/oe.423433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) generation via optical rectification (OR) of near-infrared femtosecond pulses in DSTMS is systematically studied using a quasi-3D theoretical model, which takes into account cascaded OR, three-photon absorption (3PA) of the near-infrared radiation, and material dispersion/absorption properties. The simulation results and the comparison with experimental data for pump pulses with the center wavelength of 1.4 µm indicate that the 3PA process is one of the main limiting factors for THz generation in DSTMS at high pump fluences. The THz conversion efficiency is reduced further by the enhanced group velocity dispersion effect caused by the spectral broadening due to the cascaded OR. We predict that for broadband pump pulses with a duration of 30 fs, the THz conversion efficiency can be enhanced by a factor of 1.5 by using a positive pre-chirping that partially suppresses the cascaded OR and the 3PA effects.
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28
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Singh A, Li J, Pashkin A, Rana R, Winnerl S, Helm M, Schneider H. High-field THz pulses from a GaAs photoconductive emitter for non-linear THz studies. Opt Express 2021; 29:19920-19927. [PMID: 34266092 DOI: 10.1364/oe.427247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the emission of high-field terahertz pulses from a GaAs large-area photoconductive emitter pumped with a Ti:Sapphire amplifier laser system at 800 nm wavelength and 1 kHz repetition rate. The maximum estimated terahertz electric field at the focus is ≳ 230 kV/cm. We also demonstrate the capability of the terahertz field to cause a non-linear effect, which usually requires high-field terahertz pulses generated through optical rectification or an air plasma. A significant drop in the optical conductivity of optically pumped GaAs due to Γ-L inter-valley scattering of free electrons caused by the strong THz field is found.
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29
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Liu K, Li J, Qi H, Hambsch M, Rawle J, Vázquez AR, Nia AS, Pashkin A, Schneider H, Polozij M, Heine T, Helm M, Mannsfeld SCB, Kaiser U, Dong R, Feng X. A Two‐Dimensional Polyimide‐Graphene Heterostructure with Ultra‐fast Interlayer Charge Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF) 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science Universität Ulm 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Mike Hambsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | | | - Adrián Romaní Vázquez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ali Shaygan Nia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexej Pashkin
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Mirosllav Polozij
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science Universität Ulm 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
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30
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Liu K, Li J, Qi H, Hambsch M, Rawle J, Vázquez AR, Nia AS, Pashkin A, Schneider H, Polozij M, Heine T, Helm M, Mannsfeld SCB, Kaiser U, Dong R, Feng X. A Two-Dimensional Polyimide-Graphene Heterostructure with Ultra-fast Interlayer Charge Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13859-13864. [PMID: 33835643 PMCID: PMC8252803 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are a class of atomically/molecularly thin crystalline organic 2D materials. They are intriguing candidates for the development of unprecedented organic-inorganic 2D van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with exotic physicochemical properties. In this work, we demonstrate the on-water surface synthesis of large-area (cm2 ), monolayer 2D polyimide (2DPI) with 3.1-nm lattice. Such 2DPI comprises metal-free porphyrin and perylene units linked by imide bonds. We further achieve a scalable synthesis of 2DPI-graphene (2DPI-G) vdWHs via a face-to-face co-assembly of graphene and 2DPI on the water surface. Remarkably, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals an ultra-fast interlayer charge transfer (ca. 60 fs) in the resultant 2DPI-G vdWH upon protonation by acid, which is equivalent to that of the fastest reports among inorganic 2D vdWHs. Such large interlayer electronic coupling is ascribed to the interlayer cation-π interaction between 2DP and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF)01069DresdenGermany
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328DresdenGermany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Central Facility of Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy Group of Materials ScienceUniversität Ulm89081UlmGermany
| | - Mike Hambsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | | | - Adrián Romaní Vázquez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Ali Shaygan Nia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Alexej Pashkin
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328DresdenGermany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328DresdenGermany
| | - Mirosllav Polozij
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf01328DresdenGermany
| | - Stefan C. B. Mannsfeld
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy Group of Materials ScienceUniversität Ulm89081UlmGermany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics DresdenTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
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31
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Meyer J, Crumrine D, Schneider H, Dick A, Schmuth M, Gruber R, Radner F, Grond S, Wakefield J, Mauro T, Elias P. 133 Unbound corneocyte lipid envelopes in 12R-lipoxygenase deficiency support a direct role in lipid-protein crosslinking. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Hybridization in plants may result in hybrid speciation or introgression and, thus, is now widely understood to be an important mechanism of species diversity on an evolutionary timescale. Hybridization is particularly common in ferns, as is polyploidy, which often results from hybrid crosses. Nevertheless, hybrid speciation as an evolutionary process in fern lineages remains poorly understood. Here, we employ flow cytometry, phylogeny, genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism data sets, and admixture and coalescent modeling to show that the scaly tree fern, Gymnosphaera metteniana is a naturally occurring allotetraploid species derived from hybridization between the diploids, G. denticulata and G. gigantea. Moreover, we detected ongoing gene flow between the hybrid species and its progenitors, and we found that G. gigantea and G. metteniana inhabit distinct niches, whereas climatic niches of G. denticulata and G. metteniana largely overlap. Taken together, these results suggest that either some degree of intrinsic genetic isolation between the hybrid species and its parental progenitors or ecological isolation over short distances may be playing an important role in the evolution of reproductive barriers. Historical climate change may have facilitated the origin of G. metteniana, with the timing of hybridization coinciding with a period of intensification of the East Asian monsoon during the Pliocene and Pleistocene periods in southern China. Our study of allotetraploid G. metteniana represents the first genomic-level documentation of hybrid speciation in scaly tree ferns and, thus, provides a new perspective on evolution in the lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aj Harris
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
| | - Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Harald Schneider
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing 100083, Beijing Forestry University, China
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34
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Chen CC, Liu HY, Chen CW, Schneider H, Hyvönen J. On the spore ornamentation of the microsoroid ferns (microsoroideae, polypodiaceae). J Plant Res 2021; 134:55-76. [PMID: 33251557 PMCID: PMC7817562 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microsoroideae is the third largest of the six subfamilies of Polypodiaceae, containing over 180 species. These ferns are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World and Oceania. We documented the spore ornamentation and integrated these data into the latest phylogenetic hypotheses, including a sampling of 100 taxa representing each of 17 major lineages of microsoroid ferns. This enabled us to reconstruct the ancestral states of the spore morphology. The results show verrucate ornamentation as an ancestral state for Goniophlebieae and Lecanoptereae, globular for Microsoreae, and rugulate surface for Lepisoreae. In addition, spore ornamentation can be used to distinguish certain clades of the microsoroid ferns. Among all five tribes, Lecanoptereae show most diversity in spore surface ornamentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chuan Chen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center and Finnish Museum of Natural History (Botany), University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, 00100, Helsinki, FI, Finland
| | - Ho-Yih Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-hai Rd, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | | | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
| | - Jaakko Hyvönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center and Finnish Museum of Natural History (Botany), University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, 00100, Helsinki, FI, Finland.
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35
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Singh A, Welsch M, Winnerl S, Helm M, Schneider H. Non-plasmonic improvement in photoconductive THz emitters using nano- and micro-structured electrodes. Opt Express 2020; 28:35490-35497. [PMID: 33379662 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate here terahertz enhancement effects arising from micrometer and nanometer structured electrode features of photoconductive terahertz emitters. Nanostructured electrode based emitters utilizing the palsmonic effect are currently one of the hottest topics in the research field. We demonstrate here that even in the absence of any plasmonic resonance with the pump pulse, such structures can improve the antenna effect by enhancing the local d.c. electric field near the structure edges. Utilizing this effect in Hilbert-fractal and grating-like designs, enhancement of the THz field of up to a factor of ∼ 2 is observed. We conclude that the cause of this THz emission enhancement in our emitters is different from the earlier reported plasmonic-electrode effect in a similar grating-like structure. In our structure, the proximity of photoexcited carriers to the electrodes and local bias field enhancement close to the metallization cause the enhanced efficiency. Due to the nature of this effect, the THz emission efficiency is almost independent of the pump laser polarization. Compared to the plasmonic effect, these effects work under relaxed device fabrication and operating conditions.
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36
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Hillbrand J, Opačak N, Piccardo M, Schneider H, Strasser G, Capasso F, Schwarz B. Mode-locked short pulses from an 8 μm wavelength semiconductor laser. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5788. [PMID: 33188222 PMCID: PMC7666187 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum cascade lasers (QCL) have revolutionized the generation of mid-infrared light. Yet, the ultrafast carrier transport in mid-infrared QCLs has so far constituted a seemingly insurmountable obstacle for the formation of ultrashort light pulses. Here, we demonstrate that careful quantum design of the gain medium and control over the intermode beat synchronization enable transform-limited picosecond pulses from QCL frequency combs. Both an interferometric radio-frequency technique and second-order autocorrelation shed light on the pulse dynamics and confirm that mode-locked operation is achieved from threshold to rollover current. Furthermore, we show that both anti-phase and in-phase synchronized states exist in QCLs. Being electrically pumped and compact, mode-locked QCLs pave the way towards monolithically integrated non-linear photonics in the molecular fingerprint region beyond 6 μm wavelength. Producing pulses in the mid-IR often requires bulky sources and has been inaccessible with compact and versatile quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). Here, the authors demonstrate actively mode-locked, mid-IR QCL operation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hillbrand
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Guß, Vienna, Austria. .,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Nikola Opačak
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Guß, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Piccardo
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,CNST - Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Harald Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Federico Capasso
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benedikt Schwarz
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Guß, Vienna, Austria. .,Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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37
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Schmidt AR, Regalado L, Weststrand S, Korall P, Sadowski EM, Schneider H, Jansen E, Bechteler J, Krings M, Müller P, Wang B, Wang X, Rikkinen J, Seyfullah LJ. Selaginella was hyperdiverse already in the Cretaceous. New Phytol 2020; 228:1176-1182. [PMID: 32282937 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ledis Regalado
- Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Carretera de Varona 11835 e/Oriente y Lindero, La Habana 19, CP 11900, Calabazar, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Stina Weststrand
- Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22A, 413 19, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Petra Korall
- Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva-Maria Sadowski
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Eva Jansen
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Bechteler
- Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Krings
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Amber Study Group, c/o Geological-Palaeontological Museum (CeNak) of the University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leyla J Seyfullah
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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38
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Zheng X, He L, Liu Y, Mao Y, Wang C, Zhao B, Li Y, He H, Guo S, Zhang L, Schneider H, Tadege M, Chang F, Chen J. A study of male fertility control in Medicago truncatula uncovers an evolutionarily conserved recruitment of two tapetal bHLH subfamilies in plant sexual reproduction. New Phytol 2020; 228:1115-1133. [PMID: 32594537 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Male sterility is an important tool for plant breeding and hybrid seed production. Male-sterile mutants are largely due to an abnormal development of either the sporophytic or gametophytic anther tissues. Tapetum, a key sporophytic tissue, provides nutrients for pollen development, and its delayed degeneration induces pollen abortion. Numerous bHLH proteins have been documented to participate in the degeneration of the tapetum in angiosperms, but relatively little attention has been given to the evolution of the involved developmental pathways across the phylogeny of land plants. A combination of cellular, molecular, biochemical and evolutionary analyses was used to investigate the male fertility control in Medicago truncatula. We characterized the male-sterile mutant empty anther1 (ean1) and identified EAN1 as a tapetum-specific bHLH transcription factor necessary for tapetum degeneration. Our study uncovered an evolutionarily conserved recruitment of bHLH subfamily II and III(a + c)1 in the regulation of tapetum degeneration. EAN1 belongs to the subfamily II and specifically forms heterodimers with the subfamily III(a + c)1 members, which suggests a heterodimerization mechanism conserved in angiosperms. Our work suggested that the pathway of two tapetal-bHLH subfamilies is conserved in all land plants, and likely was established before the divergence of the spore-producing land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yawen Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Youhan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Hua He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Shiqi Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, 3210 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Fang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Streicher
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Katherinen-Hospital Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - H. Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Katherinen-Hospital Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany
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Lam V, Hales R, Feliciano J, Voong K, Shin E, Smith K, Anagnostou V, Velculescu V, Thompson E, Sears C, Pardoll D, Rodavia H, Schneider H, Hu C, Amjad A, Guerrieri P, Jobe B, Zaidi A, Kelly R. 1497TiP REACTION – a phase Ib pilot study of nivolumab or nivolumab in combination with relatlimab after targeted radiation in patients with advanced esophagogastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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41
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Schmidt J, Winnerl S, Dimakis E, Hübner R, Schneider H, Helm M. All-THz pump-probe spectroscopy of the intersubband AC-Stark effect in a wide GaAs quantum well. Opt Express 2020; 28:25358-25370. [PMID: 32907058 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the intersubband AC-Stark effect in a single wide GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. In a three-level configuration, the n = 2 to n = 3 intersubband transition is resonantly pumped at 3.5 THz using a free-electron laser. The induced spectral changes are probed using THz time-domain spectroscopy with a broadband pulse extending up to 4 THz. We observe an Autler-Townes splitting at the 1 - 2 intersubband transition as well as an indication of a Mollow triplet at the 2 - 3 transition, both evidencing the dressed states. For longer delay times, a relaxation of the hot-electron system with a time constant of around 420 ps is measured.
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Mittwollen R, Wohlfart S, Park J, Grosch E, Has C, Hohenester E, Schneider H, Hammersen J. Aberrant splicing as potential modifier of the phenotype of junctional epidermolysis bullosa. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2127-2134. [PMID: 32124492 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack or dysfunction of the anchoring protein laminin-332 in the basement membrane leads to the skin blistering disorder junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB). The mutation c.628G>A in the gene LAMB3 encoding the laminin β3-chain is associated with generalized intermediate JEB; it may introduce an amino acid substitution (p.Glu210Lys) or disrupt splicing. OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed at determining the effects of aberrant splicing on the JEB phenotype. METHODS LAMB3 transcription was analysed in two siblings compound heterozygous for the LAMB3 mutations p.Glu210Lys and p.Arg635* with a diverging JEB phenotype from late childhood on. Laminin-332 levels in skin sections and in cultured keratinocytes were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Real-time PCR was used to quantify LAMB3 expression in keratinocytes. RNA splice variants were identified by subcloning of a LAMB3 cDNA fraction and subsequent DNA sequencing. Structural models of laminin-332 helped to assess the impact of certain mutations on laminin-332 folding. RESULTS Both siblings showed diminished LAMB3 expression. Laminin-332 was equally reduced in skin sections obtained during infancy but differed in keratinocytes isolated during adolescence. Although aberrant LAMB3 splicing with 26 variants was detected in both patients, splicing differed significantly: the full-length LAMB3 transcript harbouring the p.Glu210Lys mutation was found more often in the patient affected less severely (14/108 vs. 5/106 clones; P = 0.03). Structural modelling predicted that several deletions in LAMB3, but not the point mutation p.Glu210Lys, have an effect on laminin-332 folding and secretion. CONCLUSIONS Differential LAMB3 mRNA splicing in the patients may explain the disparate JEB phenotype. By elucidating the regulation of laminin-332 gene expression, these findings may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for JEB and might help to understand phenotype modification by splice-site mutations in other hereditary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mittwollen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Wohlfart
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Grosch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Has
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Hohenester
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Hammersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Rana R, Balaghi L, Fotev I, Schneider H, Helm M, Dimakis E, Pashkin A. Nonlinear Charge Transport in InGaAs Nanowires at Terahertz Frequencies. Nano Lett 2020; 20:3225-3231. [PMID: 32227897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We probe the electron transport properties in the shell of GaAs/In0.2Ga0.8As core/shell nanowires at high electric fields using optical pump/THz probe spectroscopy with broadband THz pulses and peak electric fields up to 0.6 MV/cm. The plasmon resonance of the photoexcited charge carriers exhibits a systematic redshift and a suppression of its spectral weight for THz driving fields exceeding 0.4 MV/cm. This behavior is attributed to the intervalley electron scattering that results in the doubling of the average electron effective mass. Correspondingly, the electron mobility at the highest fields drops to about half of the original value. We demonstrate that the increase of the effective mass is nonuniform along the nanowires and takes place mainly in their middle part, leading to a spatially inhomogeneous carrier response. Our results quantify the nonlinear transport regime in GaAs-based nanowires and show their high potential for development of nanodevices operating at THz frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rana
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Leila Balaghi
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- cfaed, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivan Fotev
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- cfaed, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- cfaed, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Dimakis
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexej Pashkin
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Khine PK, Schneider H. Data on pteridophyte species diversity and status of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in each political unit of Myanmar. Data Brief 2020; 30:105503. [PMID: 32368579 PMCID: PMC7184130 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The data in this article provide information about the species richness of each political unit in Myanmar and their preliminary conservation status. The dataset was compiled by gathering scattered data from different sources. The majority of the data were compiled from the authors’ collections and historical and recent floristic treatments. Online databases and herbarium specimens were additional resources used for data compilation. In total, 603 species were documented and species names were standardized in accordance with the International Plant Names Index and Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group. Species composition between political units was calculated using the minimum variance of the Jaccard's dissimilarity matrix. Conservation status for 558 pteridophyte species from Myanmar was evaluated based on the global occurrences and occurrences only in Myanmar, and species with less than three occurrences were excluded from the analysis. This dataset can be applied as the reference data for future taxonomic revisions, biodiversity assessments, and conservation planning. Moreover, the data can be used for global diversity assessment, broad-scale species distribution modeling and bioclimatic modeling. The data provided in this manuscript have been analyzed and discussed in Khine and Schneider [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyo Kay Khine
- Macroevolution Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Harald Schneider
- Macroevolution Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Singh A, Pashkin A, Winnerl S, Welsch M, Beckh C, Sulzer P, Leitenstorfer A, Helm M, Schneider H. Up to 70 THz bandwidth from an implanted Ge photoconductive antenna excited by a femtosecond Er:fibre laser. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:30. [PMID: 32140221 PMCID: PMC7052201 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phase-stable electromagnetic pulses in the THz frequency range offer several unique capabilities in time-resolved spectroscopy. However, the diversity of their application is limited by the covered spectral bandwidth. In particular, the upper frequency limit of photoconductive emitters - the most widespread technique in THz spectroscopy - reaches only up to 7 THz in the regular transmission mode due to absorption by infrared-active optical phonons. Here, we present ultrabroadband (extending up to 70 THz) THz emission from an Au-implanted Ge emitter that is compatible with mode-locked fibre lasers operating at wavelengths of 1.1 and 1.55 μm with pulse repetition rates of 10 and 20 MHz, respectively. This result opens up the possibility for the development of compact THz photonic devices operating up to multi-THz frequencies that are compatible with Si CMOS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexej Pashkin
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Winnerl
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte Welsch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Cfaed and Institute of Applied Physics, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelius Beckh
- Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Philipp Sulzer
- Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alfred Leitenstorfer
- Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Cfaed and Institute of Applied Physics, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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Arora H, Dong R, Venanzi T, Zscharschuch J, Schneider H, Helm M, Feng X, Cánovas E, Erbe A. Demonstration of a Broadband Photodetector Based on a Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1907063. [PMID: 31975468 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as an appealing class of highly tailorable electrically conducting materials with potential applications in optoelectronics. Yet, the realization of their proof-of-concept devices remains a daunting challenge, attributed to their poor electrical properties. Following recent work on a semiconducting Fe3 (THT)2 (NH4 )3 (THT: 2,3,6,7,10,11-triphenylenehexathiol) 2D MOF with record-high mobility and band-like charge transport, here, an Fe3 (THT)2 (NH4 )3 MOF-based photodetector operating in photoconductive mode capable of detecting a broad wavelength range from UV to NIR (400-1575 nm) is demonstrated. The narrow IR bandgap of the active layer (≈0.45 eV) constrains the performance of the photodetector at room temperature by band-to-band thermal excitation of charge carriers. At 77 K, the device performance is significantly improved; two orders of magnitude higher voltage responsivity, lower noise equivalent power, and higher specific detectivity of 7 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W-1 are achieved under 785 nm excitation. These figures of merit are retained over the analyzed spectral region (400-1575 nm) and are commensurate to those obtained with the first demonstrations of graphene- and black-phosphorus-based photodetectors. This work demonstrates the feasibility of integrating conjugated MOFs as an active element into broadband photodetectors, thus bridging the gap between materials' synthesis and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Arora
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Tommaso Venanzi
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Jens Zscharschuch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Artur Erbe
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 01328, Germany
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Klehs S, Schneider H, Backhoff DJ, Müller M, Paul T, Krause U. Long-Term Follow-up after Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Tachycardias in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Arora H, Jung Y, Venanzi T, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Hübner R, Schneider H, Helm M, Hone JC, Erbe A. Effective Hexagonal Boron Nitride Passivation of Few-Layered InSe and GaSe to Enhance Their Electronic and Optical Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:43480-43487. [PMID: 31651146 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Indium selenide (InSe) and gallium selenide (GaSe), members of the III-VI chalcogenide family, are emerging two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with appealing electronic properties. However, their devices are still lagging behind because of their sensitivity to air and device fabrication processes which induce structural damage and hamper their intrinsic properties. Thus, in order to obtain high-performance and stable devices, effective passivation of these air-sensitive materials is strongly required. Here, we demonstrate a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)-based encapsulation technique, where 2D layers of InSe and GaSe are covered entirely between two layers of hBN. To fabricate devices out of fully encapsulated 2D layers, we employ the lithography-free via-contacting scheme. We find that hBN acts as an excellent encapsulant and a near-ideal substrate for InSe and GaSe by passivating them from the environment and isolating them from the charge disorder at the SiO2 surface. As a result, the encapsulated InSe devices are of high quality and ambient-stable for a long time and show an improved two-terminal mobility of 30-120 cm2 V-1 s-1 as compared to mere ∼1 cm2 V-1 s-1 for unencapsulated devices. On employing this technique to GaSe, we obtain a strong and reproducible photoresponse. In contrast to previous studies, where either good performance or long-term stability was achieved, we demonstrate a combination of both in our devices. This work thus provides a systematic study of fully encapsulated devices based on InSe and GaSe, which has not been reported until now. We believe that this technique can open ways for fundamental studies as well as toward the integration of these materials in technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Arora
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , 01328 Dresden , Saxony , Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Saxony , Germany
| | - Younghun Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , 10027 New York , New York , United States
| | - Tommaso Venanzi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , 01328 Dresden , Saxony , Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Saxony , Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , 305-0044 Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki , 305-0044 Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , 01328 Dresden , Saxony , Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , 01328 Dresden , Saxony , Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , 01328 Dresden , Saxony , Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Saxony , Germany
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , 10027 New York , New York , United States
| | - Artur Erbe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , 01328 Dresden , Saxony , Germany
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Liu H, Schneider H, Yu Y, Fujiwara T, Khine PK. Correction to: Towards the conservation of the Mesozoic relict fern Christensenia: a fern species with extremely small populations in China. J Plant Res 2019; 132:903. [PMID: 31599370 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the original publication of the article, one of the author names, "Tao Fuijwara" was published incorrectly. The correct name is Tao Fujiwara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Tao Fujiwara
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Phyo Kay Khine
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
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