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Rodrigues BRA, Gasser CS, Pimenta S, Pereira MCT, Nietsche S. Seedless fruit in Annona squamosa L. is monogenic and conferred by INO locus deletion in multiple accessions. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024; 37:71-84. [PMID: 37160783 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Inheritance of the presence/absence of seeds in Annona squamosa is mediated by a single fully recessive gene and is caused by a deletion of the INNER NO OUTER (INO) locus. For some fruits, seedless varieties are desirable for consumption and processing. In the sugar apple tree (Annona squamosa L.), the seedless trait in the Thai seedless (Ts) and Brazilian seedless (Bs) accessions was associated with defective ovules and an apparent deletion of the INNER NO OUTER (INO) ovule development gene locus. Segregation analysis of F2 and backcross descendants of crosses of Bs to fertile wild-type varieties in this species with a multi-year generation time showed that seedlessness was recessive and controlled by a single locus. Comparison of whole genome sequence of a wild-type plant and a third accession, Hawaiian seedless (Hs), identified a 16 kilobase deletion including INO in this line. Ts and Bs lines were shown to have an identical deletion, indicating a common origin from a single deletion event. Analysis of microsatellite markers could not preclude the possibility that all three seedless accessions are vegetatively propagated clones. The sequence of the deletion site enabled a codominant assay for the wild-type and mutant genes allowing observation of complete cosegregation of the seedless/defective ovule phenotype with the INO deletion, showing maximal separation of less than 3.5 cM. The observed deletion is the only significant difference between the wild-type and Hs line over 587 kilobases, likely encompassing much more than 3.5 cM, showing that the deletion is the cause of seedless trait. The codominant markers and obtained progenies will be useful for introgression of the seedless trait into elite sugar apple lines and into other Annonas through interspecific crossings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles S Gasser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Samy Pimenta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Janaúba, MG, 39401-369, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Nietsche
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil.
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Ruiz Mondragón KY, Klimova A, Aguirre-Planter E, Valiente-Banuet A, Lira R, Sanchez-de la Vega G, Eguiarte LE. Differences in the genomic diversity, structure, and inbreeding patterns in wild and managed populations of Agave potatorum Zucc. used in the production of Tobalá mezcal in Southern Mexico. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294534. [PMID: 37972146 PMCID: PMC10653438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Agave potatorum Zucc. locally known as Tobalá, is an important species for mezcal production. It is a perennial species that takes 10 to 15 years to reach reproductive age. Because of high demand of Tobalá mezcal and the slow maturation of the plants, its wild populations have been under intense anthropogenic pressure. The main objective of this study was to estimate the genome-wide diversity in A. potatorum and determine if the type of management has had any effect on its diversity, inbreeding and structure. We analyzed 174 individuals (105 wild, 42 cultivated and 27 from nurseries) from 34 sites with a reduced representation genomic method (ddRADseq), using 14,875 SNPs. The diversity measured as expected heterozygosity was higher in the nursery and wild plants than in cultivated samples. We did not find private alleles in the cultivated and nursery plants, which indicates that the individuals under management recently derived from wild populations, which was supported by higher gene flow estimated from wild populations to the managed plants. We found low but positive levels of inbreeding (FIS = 0.082), probably related to isolation of the populations. We detected low genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.0796), with positive and significant isolation by distance. The population genetic structure in the species seems to be related to elevation and ecology, with higher gene flow among populations in less fragmented areas. We detected an outlier locus related to the recognition of pollen, which is also relevant to self-incompatibility protein (SI). Due to seed harvest and long generation time, the loss of diversity in A. potatorum has been gradual and artificial selection and incipient management have not yet caused drastic differences between cultivated and wild plants. Also, we described an agroecological alternative to the uncontrolled extraction of wild individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y. Ruiz Mondragón
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anastasia Klimova
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Erika Aguirre-Planter
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfonso Valiente-Banuet
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Lira
- Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, México
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-de la Vega
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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DeHaan LR, Anderson JA, Bajgain P, Basche A, Cattani DJ, Crain J, Crews TE, David C, Duchene O, Gutknecht J, Hayes RC, Hu F, Jungers JM, Knudsen S, Kong W, Larson S, Lundquist PO, Luo G, Miller AJ, Nabukalu P, Newell MT, Olsson L, Palmgren M, Paterson AH, Picasso VD, Poland JA, Sacks EJ, Wang S, Westerbergh A. Discussion: Prioritize perennial grain development for sustainable food production and environmental benefits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164975. [PMID: 37336402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Perennial grains have potential to contribute to ecological intensification of food production by enabling the direct harvest of human-edible crops without requiring annual cycles of disturbance and replanting. Studies of prototype perennial grains and other herbaceous perennials point to the ability of agroecosystems including these crops to protect water quality, enhance wildlife habitat, build soil quality, and sequester soil carbon. However, genetic improvement of perennial grain candidates has been hindered by limited investment due to uncertainty about whether the approach is viable. As efforts to develop perennial grain crops have expanded in past decades, critiques of the approach have arisen. With a recent report of perennial rice producing yields equivalent to those of annual rice over eight consecutive harvests, many theoretical concerns have been alleviated. Some valid questions remain over the timeline for new crop development, but we argue these may be mitigated by implementation of recent technological advances in crop breeding and genetics such as low-cost genotyping, genomic selection, and genome editing. With aggressive research investment in the development of new perennial grain crops, they can be developed and deployed to provide atmospheric greenhouse gas reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee R DeHaan
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd, Salina, KS 67401, USA.
| | - James A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Prabin Bajgain
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Andrea Basche
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1875 N. 38th St, 279 PLSH, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA
| | - Douglas J Cattani
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 66 Dafoe Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jared Crain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, 1712 Claflin Rd, 4024 Throckmorton PSC, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Timothy E Crews
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd, Salina, KS 67401, USA
| | - Christophe David
- ISARA, Agroecology and Environment Research Unit, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Duchene
- ISARA, Agroecology and Environment Research Unit, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Jessica Gutknecht
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Richard C Hayes
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Pine Gully Rd, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Fengyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Research Center of Perennial Rice Engineering and Technology in Yunnan, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu N Rd, Wuhua District, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Jacob M Jungers
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Søren Knudsen
- Carlsberg Research Laboratory, J. C. Jacobsens Gade 4, 1799, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Steve Larson
- USDA-ARS, Forage and Range Research, 696 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84321, USA
| | - Per-Olof Lundquist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7080, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allison J Miller
- Saint Louis University, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, Olivette, MO 63132, USA
| | - Pheonah Nabukalu
- NESPAL, University of Georgia, 2356 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Matthew T Newell
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra Agricultural Research Station, 296 Binni Creek Rd, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia
| | - Lennart Olsson
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, P.O. Box 170, SE-221 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jesse A Poland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shuwen Wang
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd, Salina, KS 67401, USA
| | - Anna Westerbergh
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Center for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7080, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Flint-Garcia S, Feldmann MJ, Dempewolf H, Morrell PL, Ross-Ibarra J. Diamonds in the not-so-rough: Wild relative diversity hidden in crop genomes. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002235. [PMID: 37440605 PMCID: PMC10368281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop production is becoming an increasing challenge as the global population grows and the climate changes. Modern cultivated crop species are selected for productivity under optimal growth environments and have often lost genetic variants that could allow them to adapt to diverse, and now rapidly changing, environments. These genetic variants are often present in their closest wild relatives, but so are less desirable traits. How to preserve and effectively utilize the rich genetic resources that crop wild relatives offer while avoiding detrimental variants and maladaptive genetic contributions is a central challenge for ongoing crop improvement. This Essay explores this challenge and potential paths that could lead to a solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Flint-Garcia
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mitchell J. Feldmann
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Peter L. Morrell
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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5
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Pathirana R, Carimi F. Management and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for a Sustainable Agriculture. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152038. [PMID: 35956515 PMCID: PMC9370719 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic increase in food production thanks to the Green Revolution, hunger is increasing among human populations around the world, affecting one in nine people. The negative environmental and social consequences of industrial monocrop agriculture is becoming evident, particularly in the contexts of greenhouse gas emissions and the increased frequency and impact of zoonotic disease emergence, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Human activity has altered 70–75% of the ice-free Earth’s surface, squeezing nature and wildlife into a corner. To prevent, halt, and reverse the degradation of ecosystems worldwide, the UN has launched a Decade of Ecosystem Restoration. In this context, this review describes the origin and diversity of cultivated species, the impact of modern agriculture and other human activities on plant genetic resources, and approaches to conserve and use them to increase food diversity and production with specific examples of the use of crop wild relatives for breeding climate-resilient cultivars that require less chemical and mechanical input. The need to better coordinate in situ conservation efforts with increased funding has been highlighted. We emphasise the need to strengthen the genebank infrastructure, enabling the use of modern biotechnological tools to help in genotyping and characterising accessions plus advanced ex situ conservation methods, identifying gaps in collections, developing core collections, and linking data with international databases. Crop and variety diversification and minimising tillage and other field practices through the development and introduction of herbaceous perennial crops is proposed as an alternative regenerative food system for higher carbon sequestration, sustaining economic benefits for growers, whilst also providing social and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Pathirana
- Plant & Food Research Australia Pty Ltd., Waite Campus Research Precinct—Plant Breeding WT46, University of Adelaide, Waite Rd, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus Research Precinct—Plant Breeding WT46, University of Adelaide, Waite Rd, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Carimi
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse (IBBR), C.N.R., Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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6
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Chapman EA, Thomsen HC, Tulloch S, Correia PMP, Luo G, Najafi J, DeHaan LR, Crews TE, Olsson L, Lundquist PO, Westerbergh A, Pedas PR, Knudsen S, Palmgren M. Perennials as Future Grain Crops: Opportunities and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:898769. [PMID: 35968139 PMCID: PMC9372509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perennial grain crops could make a valuable addition to sustainable agriculture, potentially even as an alternative to their annual counterparts. The ability of perennials to grow year after year significantly reduces the number of agricultural inputs required, in terms of both planting and weed control, while reduced tillage improves soil health and on-farm biodiversity. Presently, perennial grain crops are not grown at large scale, mainly due to their early stages of domestication and current low yields. Narrowing the yield gap between perennial and annual grain crops will depend on characterizing differences in their life cycles, resource allocation, and reproductive strategies and understanding the trade-offs between annualism, perennialism, and yield. The genetic and biochemical pathways controlling plant growth, physiology, and senescence should be analyzed in perennial crop plants. This information could then be used to facilitate tailored genetic improvement of selected perennial grain crops to improve agronomic traits and enhance yield, while maintaining the benefits associated with perennialism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophia Tulloch
- Department of Raw Materials, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pedro M. P. Correia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Javad Najafi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lennart Olsson
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Lundquist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerbergh
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology in Uppsala, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pai Rosager Pedas
- Department of Raw Materials, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Knudsen
- Department of Raw Materials, Carlsberg Research Laboratory, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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7
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Tamrat S, Borrell JS, Shiferaw E, Wondimu T, Kallow S, Davies RM, Dickie JB, Nuraga GW, White O, Woldeyes F, Demissew S, Wilkin P. Reproductive biology of wild and domesticated Ensete ventricosum: Further evidence for maintenance of sexual reproductive capacity in a vegetatively propagated perennial crop. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:482-491. [PMID: 35137516 PMCID: PMC9303740 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Loss of sexual reproductive capacity has been proposed as a syndrome of domestication in vegetatively propagated crops, but there are relatively few examples from agricultural systems. In this study, we compare sexual reproductive capacity in wild (sexual) and domesticated (vegetative) populations of enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman), a tropical banana relative and Ethiopian food security crop. We examined floral and seed morphology and germination ecology across 35 wild and domesticated enset. We surveyed variation in floral and seed traits, including seed weight, viability and internal morphology, and germinated seeds across a range of constant and alternating temperature regimes to characterize optimum germination requirements. We report highly consistent floral allometry, seed viability, internal morphology and days to germination in wild and domesticated enset. However, seeds from domesticated plants responded to cooler temperatures with greater diurnal range. Shifts in germination behaviour appear concordant with a climatic envelope shift in the domesticated distribution. Our findings provide evidence that sexual reproductive capacity has been maintained despite long-term near-exclusive vegetative propagation in domesticated enset. Furthermore, certain traits such as germination behaviour and floral morphology may be under continued selection, presumably through rare sexually reproductive events. Compared to sexually propagated crops banked as seeds, vegetative crop diversity is typically conserved in living collections that are more costly and insecure. Improved understanding of sexual propagation in vegetative crops may have applications in germplasm conservation and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tamrat
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity ManagementAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
- Department of BiologyDilla UniversityDillaSouthern Ethiopia
| | | | - E. Shiferaw
- Ethiopian Biodiversity InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - T. Wondimu
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity ManagementAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - S. Kallow
- Royal Botanic Gardens KewMillennium Seed BankWakehurst, ArdinglySussexUK
- Department of BiosystemsKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - R. M. Davies
- Royal Botanic Gardens KewMillennium Seed BankWakehurst, ArdinglySussexUK
| | - J. B. Dickie
- Royal Botanic Gardens KewMillennium Seed BankWakehurst, ArdinglySussexUK
| | - G. W. Nuraga
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity ManagementAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - O. White
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, RichmondSurreyUK
| | - F. Woldeyes
- Ethiopian Biodiversity InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - S. Demissew
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity ManagementAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - P. Wilkin
- Royal Botanic GardensKew, RichmondSurreyUK
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8
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Roth M, Muranty H, Di Guardo M, Guerra W, Patocchi A, Costa F. Genomic prediction of fruit texture and training population optimization towards the application of genomic selection in apple. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:148. [PMID: 32922820 PMCID: PMC7459338 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Texture is a complex trait and a major component of fruit quality in apple. While the major effect of MdPG1, a gene controlling firmness, has already been exploited in elite cultivars, the genetic basis of crispness remains poorly understood. To further improve fruit texture, harnessing loci with minor effects via genomic selection is therefore necessary. In this study, we measured acoustic and mechanical features in 537 genotypes to dissect the firmness and crispness components of fruit texture. Predictions of across-year phenotypic values for these components were calculated using a model calibrated with 8,294 SNP markers. The best prediction accuracies following cross-validations within the training set of 259 genotypes were obtained for the acoustic linear distance (0.64). Predictions for biparental families using the entire training set varied from low to high accuracy, depending on the family considered. While adding siblings or half-siblings into the training set did not clearly improve predictions, we performed an optimization of the training set size and composition for each validation set. This allowed us to increase prediction accuracies by 0.17 on average, with a maximal accuracy of 0.81 when predicting firmness in the 'Gala' × 'Pink Lady' family. Our results therefore identified key genetic parameters to consider when deploying genomic selection for texture in apple. In particular, we advise to rely on a large training population, with high phenotypic variability from which a 'tailored training population' can be extracted using a priori information on genetic relatedness, in order to predict a specific target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Roth
- Plant Breeding Research Division, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: GAFL, INRAE, 84140 Montfavet, France
| | - Hélène Muranty
- IRHS, INRAE, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mario Di Guardo
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Walter Guerra
- Research Centre Laimburg, Laimburg 6, 39040 Auer, Italy
| | - Andrea Patocchi
- Plant Breeding Research Division, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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9
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Xanthopoulou A, Manioudaki M, Bazakos C, Kissoudis C, Farsakoglou AM, Karagiannis E, Michailidis M, Polychroniadou C, Zambounis A, Kazantzis K, Tsaftaris A, Madesis P, Aravanopoulos F, Molassiotis A, Ganopoulos I. Whole genome re-sequencing of sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) yields insights into genomic diversity of a fruit species. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:60. [PMID: 32377351 PMCID: PMC7193578 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherries, Prunus avium L. (Rosaceae), are gaining importance due to their perenniallity and nutritional attributes beneficial for human health. Interestingly, sweet cherry cultivars exhibit a wide range of phenotypic diversity in important agronomic traits, such as flowering time and defense reactions against pathogens. In this study, whole-genome resequencing (WGRS) was employed to characterize genetic variation, population structure and allelic variants in a panel of 20 sweet cherry and one wild cherry genotypes, embodying the majority of cultivated Greek germplasm and a representative of a local wild cherry elite phenotype. The 21 genotypes were sequenced in an average depth of coverage of 33.91×. and effective mapping depth, to the genomic reference sequence of 'Satonishiki' cultivar, between 22.21× to 36.62×. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) with SNPs revealed two clusters of genotypes. There was a rapid linkage disequilibrium decay, as the majority of SNP pairs with r2 in near complete disequilibrium (>0.8) were found at physical distances less than 10 kb. Functional analysis of the variants showed that the genomic ratio of non-synonymous/synonymous (dN/dS) changes was 1.78. The higher dN frequency in the Greek cohort of sweet cherry could be the result of artificial selection pressure imposed by breeding, in combination with the vegetative propagation of domesticated cultivars through grafting. The majority of SNPs with high impact (e.g., stop codon gaining, frameshift), were identified in genes involved in flowering time, dormancy and defense reactions against pathogens, providing promising resources for future breeding programs. Our study has established the foundation for further large scale characterization of sweet cherry germplasm, enabling breeders to incorporate diverse germplasm and allelic variants to fine tune flowering and maturity time and disease resistance in sweet cherry cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Xanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Manioudaki
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Bazakos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER. Thermi, Thessaloniki, 570001 Greece
| | | | - Anna-Maria Farsakoglou
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Tree Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry & Environmental Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Polychroniadou
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Zambounis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER. Department of Deciduous Fruit Growing, Naoussa, 59035 Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kazantzis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER. Department of Deciduous Fruit Growing, Naoussa, 59035 Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 570 01 Greece
| | - Filippos Aravanopoulos
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Tree Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry & Environmental Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER. Thermi, Thessaloniki, 570001 Greece
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10
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Abstract
In the Midwest U.S. dominated corn-soybean landscape, agroforestry systems can be particularly valuable for increasing the provisioning and regulatory capacity of the agricultural landscape. However, these systems have not yet been broadly integrated into the landscape of this region since they are mostly relegated to marginal lands. A growing body of literature suggests a path to increase the adoption of agroforestry in the Midwest U.S. lies in the incorporation of low-input food-producing tree species that provide economic incentives for farmers. Studies of the system-level integration of such approaches have proceeded by using the currently available cultivars and breeding selections of various tree nut and fruit species. While existing varieties and breeding selections provide the opportunity for initial system development and integration, their broad adaptability to the Midwest U.S. and its marginal land-types is unexplored. Thus, a second tier of research includes the genetic improvement and adaptation of tree crop selections to their respective target environments throughout the Midwest U.S. Fortunately, select tree crops of interest are amendable to systematic breeding and have wild relatives that are endemic across the region. In this paper, we discuss the value of these wild relatives for broadening the adaption of cultivated tree crop selections by using the hazelnut as an example species. We present a framework using geospatial tools to define and prioritize target environments for breeding and, in turn, exploiting wild relative germplasm.
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11
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Larsen B, Gardner K, Pedersen C, Ørgaard M, Migicovsky Z, Myles S, Toldam-Andersen TB. Population structure, relatedness and ploidy levels in an apple gene bank revealed through genotyping-by-sequencing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201889. [PMID: 30110387 PMCID: PMC6093671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new genome-wide marker systems have provided highly informative alternatives to low density marker systems for evaluating plant populations. To date, most apple germplasm collections have been genotyped using low-density markers such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), whereas only a few have been explored using high-density genome-wide marker information. We explored the genetic diversity of the Pometum gene bank collection (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) of 349 apple accessions using over 15,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 15 SSR markers, in order to compare the strength of the two approaches for describing population structure. We found that 119 accessions shared a putative clonal relationship with at least one other accession in the collection, resulting in the identification of 272 (78%) unique accessions. Of these unique accessions, over half (52%) share a first-degree relationship with at least one other accession. There is therefore a high degree of clonal and family relatedness in the Danish apple gene bank. We find significant genetic differentiation between Malus domestica and its supposed primary wild ancestor, M. sieversii, as well as between accessions of Danish origin and all others. Using the GBS approach allowed us to estimate ploidy levels, which were in accordance with flow cytometry results. Overall, we found strong concordance between analyses based on the genome-wide SNPs and the 15 SSR loci. However, we argue that GBS is superior to traditional SSR approaches because it allows detection of a much more detailed population structure and can be further exploited in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Finally, we compare GBS with SSR for the purpose of identifying clones and pedigree relations in a diverse apple gene bank and discuss the advantages and constraints of the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Larsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyle Gardner
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Campus, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Carsten Pedersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marian Ørgaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Campus, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Campus, Truro, NS, Canada
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12
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Besnard G, Terral JF, Cornille A. On the origins and domestication of the olive: a review and perspectives. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:385-403. [PMID: 29293871 PMCID: PMC5838823 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Unravelling domestication processes is crucial for understanding how species respond to anthropogenic pressures, forecasting crop responses to future global changes and improving breeding programmes. Domestication processes for clonally propagated perennials differ markedly from those for seed-propagated annual crops, mostly due to long generation times, clonal propagation and recurrent admixture with local forms, leading to a limited number of generations of selection from wild ancestors. However, additional case studies are required to document this process more fully. Scope The olive is an iconic species in Mediterranean cultural history. Its multiple uses and omnipresence in traditional agrosystems have made this species an economic pillar and cornerstone of Mediterranean agriculture. However, major questions about the domestication history of the olive remain unanswered. New paleobotanical, archeological, historical and molecular data have recently accumulated for olive, making it timely to carry out a critical re-evaluation of the biogeography of wild olives and the history of their cultivation. We review here the chronological history of wild olives and discuss the questions that remain unanswered, or even unasked, about their domestication history in the Mediterranean Basin. We argue that more detailed ecological genomics studies of wild and cultivated olives are crucial to improve our understanding of olive domestication. Multidisciplinary research integrating genomics, metagenomics and community ecology will make it possible to decipher the evolutionary ecology of one of the most iconic domesticated fruit trees worldwide. Conclusion The olive is a relevant model for improving our knowledge of domestication processes in clonally propagated perennial crops, particularly those of the Mediterranean Basin. Future studies on the ecological and genomic shifts linked to domestication in olive and its associated community will provide insight into the phenotypic and molecular bases of crop adaptation to human uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS-UPS-ENSFEA-IRD, EDB, UMR 5174, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Cedex , France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Terral
- ISEM, UMR 5554, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-IRD-EPHE, Equipe Dynamique de la Biodiversité, Anthropo-écologie, Montpellier Cedex, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA, CNRS) EVOLea, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Cornille
- Center for Adaptation to a Changing Environment, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- GQE - Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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13
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McElroy MS, Navarro AJR, Mustiga G, Stack C, Gezan S, Peña G, Sarabia W, Saquicela D, Sotomayor I, Douglas GM, Migicovsky Z, Amores F, Tarqui O, Myles S, Motamayor JC. Prediction of Cacao ( Theobroma cacao) Resistance to Moniliophthora spp. Diseases via Genome-Wide Association Analysis and Genomic Selection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:343. [PMID: 29662497 PMCID: PMC5890178 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cacao (Theobroma cacao) is a globally important crop, and its yield is severely restricted by disease. Two of the most damaging diseases, witches' broom disease (WBD) and frosty pod rot disease (FPRD), are caused by a pair of related fungi: Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri, respectively. Resistant cultivars are the most effective long-term strategy to address Moniliophthora diseases, but efficiently generating resistant and productive new cultivars will require robust methods for screening germplasm before field testing. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) provide two potential avenues for predicting the performance of new genotypes, potentially increasing the selection gain per unit time. To test the effectiveness of these two approaches, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and GS on three related populations of cacao in Ecuador genotyped with a 15K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray for three measures of WBD infection (vegetative broom, cushion broom, and chirimoya pod), one of FPRD (monilia pod) and two productivity traits (total fresh weight of pods and % healthy pods produced). GWAS yielded several SNPs associated with disease resistance in each population, but none were significantly correlated with the same trait in other populations. Genomic selection, using one population as a training set to estimate the phenotypes of the remaining two (composed of different families), varied among traits, from a mean prediction accuracy of 0.46 (vegetative broom) to 0.15 (monilia pod), and varied between training populations. Simulations demonstrated that selecting seedlings using GWAS markers alone generates no improvement over selecting at random, but that GS improves the selection process significantly. Our results suggest that the GWAS markers discovered here are not sufficiently predictive across diverse germplasm to be useful for MAS, but that using all markers in a GS framework holds substantial promise in accelerating disease-resistance in cacao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel S. McElroy
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Alberto J. R. Navarro
- MARS, Incorporated c/o United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Guiliana Mustiga
- MARS, Incorporated c/o United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Conrad Stack
- MARS, Incorporated c/o United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Salvador Gezan
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Geover Peña
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Widem Sarabia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Saquicela
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Gavin M. Douglas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Freddy Amores
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quevedo, Ecuador
| | - Omar Tarqui
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Juan C. Motamayor
- MARS, Incorporated c/o United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Juan C. Motamayor,
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14
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Money D, Migicovsky Z, Gardner K, Myles S. LinkImputeR: user-guided genotype calling and imputation for non-model organisms. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:523. [PMID: 28693460 PMCID: PMC5504746 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic studies such as genome-wide association and genomic selection require genome-wide genotype data. All existing technologies used to create these data result in missing genotypes, which are often then inferred using genotype imputation software. However, existing imputation methods most often make use only of genotypes that are successfully inferred after having passed a certain read depth threshold. Because of this, any read information for genotypes that did not pass the threshold, and were thus set to missing, is ignored. Most genomic studies also choose read depth thresholds and quality filters without investigating their effects on the size and quality of the resulting genotype data. Moreover, almost all genotype imputation methods require ordered markers and are therefore of limited utility in non-model organisms. Results Here we introduce LinkImputeR, a software program that exploits the read count information that is normally ignored, and makes use of all available DNA sequence information for the purposes of genotype calling and imputation. It is specifically designed for non-model organisms since it requires neither ordered markers nor a reference panel of genotypes. Using next-generation DNA sequence (NGS) data from apple, cannabis and grape, we quantify the effect of varying read count and missingness thresholds on the quantity and quality of genotypes generated from LinkImputeR. We demonstrate that LinkImputeR can increase the number of genotype calls by more than an order of magnitude, can improve genotyping accuracy by several percent and can thus improve the power of downstream analyses. Moreover, we show that the effects of quality and read depth filters can differ substantially between data sets and should therefore be investigated on a per-study basis. Conclusions By exploiting DNA sequence data that is normally ignored during genotype calling and imputation, LinkImputeR can significantly improve both the quantity and quality of genotype data generated from NGS technologies. It enables the user to quickly and easily examine the effects of varying thresholds and filters on the number and quality of the resulting genotype calls. In this manner, users can decide on thresholds that are most suitable for their purposes. We show that LinkImputeR can significantly augment the value and utility of NGS data sets, especially in non-model organisms with poor genomic resources. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3873-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Money
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kyle Gardner
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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15
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Migicovsky Z, Sawler J, Gardner KM, Aradhya MK, Prins BH, Schwaninger HR, Bustamante CD, Buckler ES, Zhong GY, Brown PJ, Myles S. Patterns of genomic and phenomic diversity in wine and table grapes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:17035. [PMID: 28791127 PMCID: PMC5539807 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapes are one of the most economically and culturally important crops worldwide, and they have been bred for both winemaking and fresh consumption. Here we evaluate patterns of diversity across 33 phenotypes collected over a 17-year period from 580 table and wine grape accessions that belong to one of the world's largest grape gene banks, the grape germplasm collection of the United States Department of Agriculture. We find that phenological events throughout the growing season are correlated, and quantify the marked difference in size between table and wine grapes. By pairing publicly available historical phenotype data with genome-wide polymorphism data, we identify large effect loci controlling traits that have been targeted during domestication and breeding, including hermaphroditism, lighter skin pigmentation and muscat aroma. Breeding for larger berries in table grapes was traditionally concentrated in geographic regions where Islam predominates and alcohol was prohibited, whereas wine grapes retained the ancestral smaller size that is more desirable for winemaking in predominantly Christian regions. We uncover a novel locus with a suggestive association with berry size that harbors a signature of positive selection for larger berries. Our results suggest that religious rules concerning alcohol consumption have had a marked impact on patterns of phenomic and genomic diversity in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro,
NS
B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Jason Sawler
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro,
NS
B2N 5E3, Canada
- Anandia Labs, Vancouver,
BC
V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kyle M Gardner
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro,
NS
B2N 5E3, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton
Research and Development Centre, Fredericton, NB,
Canada
E3B 4Z7
| | - Mallikarjuna K Aradhya
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United
States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of
California, Davis, CA
95616, USA
| | - Bernard H Prins
- National Clonal Germplasm Repository, United
States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of
California, Davis, CA
95616, USA
| | - Heidi R Schwaninger
- United States Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, New York State Agricultural
Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
14456, USA
| | | | - Edward S Buckler
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
14853, USA
| | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- United States Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, New York State Agricultural
Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
14456, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, New York State Agricultural
Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY
14456, USA
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Department of Crop Science, University of
Illinois, Urbana, IL
61801, USA
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro,
NS
B2N 5E3, Canada
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16
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Peace CP. DNA-informed breeding of rosaceous crops: promises, progress and prospects. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:17006. [PMID: 28326185 PMCID: PMC5350264 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Crops of the Rosaceae family provide valuable contributions to rural economies and human health and enjoyment. Sustained solutions to production challenges and market demands can be met with genetically improved new cultivars. Traditional rosaceous crop breeding is expensive and time-consuming and would benefit from improvements in efficiency and accuracy. Use of DNA information is becoming conventional in rosaceous crop breeding, contributing to many decisions and operations, but only after past decades of solved challenges and generation of sufficient resources. Successes in deployment of DNA-based knowledge and tools have arisen when the 'chasm' between genomics discoveries and practical application is bridged systematically. Key steps are establishing breeder desire for use of DNA information, adapting tools to local breeding utility, identifying efficient application schemes, accessing effective services in DNA-based diagnostics and gaining experience in integrating DNA information into breeding operations and decisions. DNA-informed germplasm characterization for revealing identity and relatedness has benefitted many programs and provides a compelling entry point to reaping benefits of genomics research. DNA-informed germplasm evaluation for predicting trait performance has enabled effective reallocation of breeding resources when applied in pioneering programs. DNA-based diagnostics is now expanding from specific loci to genome-wide considerations. Realizing the full potential of this expansion will require improved accuracy of predictions, multi-trait DNA profiling capabilities, streamlined breeding information management systems, strategies that overcome plant-based features that limit breeding progress and widespread training of current and future breeding personnel and allied scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P Peace
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, PO Box 646414, Pullman, WA 99164-6414, USA
- ()
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17
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18
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Migicovsky Z, Gardner KM, Money D, Sawler J, Bloom JS, Moffett P, Chao CT, Schwaninger H, Fazio G, Zhong GY, Myles S. Genome to Phenome Mapping in Apple Using Historical Data. THE PLANT GENOME 2016; 9. [PMID: 27898813 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2015.11.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Apple ( X Borkh.) is one of the world's most valuable fruit crops. Its large size and long juvenile phase make it a particularly promising candidate for marker-assisted selection (MAS). However, advances in MAS in apple have been limited by a lack of phenotype and genotype data from sufficiently large samples. To establish genotype-phenotype relationships and advance MAS in apple, we extracted over 24,000 phenotype scores from the USDA-Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database and linked them with over 8000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 689 apple accessions from the USDA apple germplasm collection clonally preserved in Geneva, NY. We find significant genetic differentiation between Old World and New World cultivars and demonstrate that the genetic structure of the domesticated apple also reflects the time required for ripening. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 36 phenotypes confirms the association between fruit color and the MYB1 locus, and we also report a novel association between the transcription factor, NAC18.1, and harvest date and fruit firmness. We demonstrate that harvest time and fruit size can be predicted with relatively high accuracies ( > 0.46) using genomic prediction. Rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in apples means millions of SNPs may be required for well-powered GWAS. However, rapid LD decay also promises to enable extremely high resolution mapping of causal variants, which holds great potential for advancing MAS.
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19
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Migicovsky Z, Sawler J, Money D, Eibach R, Miller AJ, Luby JJ, Jamieson AR, Velasco D, von Kintzel S, Warner J, Wührer W, Brown PJ, Myles S. Genomic ancestry estimation quantifies use of wild species in grape breeding. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:478. [PMID: 27357509 PMCID: PMC4928267 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grapes are one of the world’s most valuable crops and most are made into wine. Grapes belong to the genus Vitis, which includes over 60 inter-fertile species. The most common grape cultivars derive their entire ancestry from the species Vitis vinifera, but wild relatives have also been exploited to create hybrid cultivars, often with increased disease resistance. Results We evaluate the genetic ancestry of some of the most widely grown commercial hybrids from North America and Europe. Using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), we generated 2482 SNPs and 56 indels from 7 wild Vitis, 7 V. vinifera, and 64 hybrid cultivars. We used a principal component analysis (PCA) based ancestry estimation procedure and verified its accuracy with both empirical and simulated data. V. vinifera ancestry ranged from 11 % to 76 % across hybrids studied. Approximately one third (22/64) of the hybrids have ancestry estimates consistent with F1 hybridization: they derive half of their ancestry from wild Vitis and half from V. vinifera. Conclusions Our results suggest that hybrid grape breeding is in its infancy. The distribution of V. vinifera ancestry across hybrids also suggests that backcrosses to wild Vitis species have been more frequent than backcrosses to V. vinifera during hybrid grape breeding. This pattern is unusual in crop breeding, as it is most common to repeatedly backcross to elite, or domesticated, germplasm. We anticipate our method can be extended to facilitate marker-assisted selection in order to introgress beneficial wild Vitis traits, while allowing for offspring with the highest V. vinifera content to be selected at the seedling stage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2834-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Migicovsky
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Jason Sawler
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.,Anandia Labs, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Money
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Rudolph Eibach
- JKI Institute for Grapevine Breeding, Geilweilerhof, Germany
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James J Luby
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Andrew R Jamieson
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Horticulture Research Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - John Warner
- Warner Vineyards, 391 Thorpe Rd, RR#2, Centreville, NS, Canada
| | - Walter Wührer
- Wührer Vineyards, 187 Highway 221, RR#1, Kingston, NS, Canada
| | - Patrick J Brown
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sean Myles
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada.
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20
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Kane DA, Rogé P, Snapp SS. A Systematic Review of Perennial Staple Crops Literature Using Topic Modeling and Bibliometric Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155788. [PMID: 27213283 PMCID: PMC4877017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on perennial staple crops has increased in the past ten years due to their potential to improve ecosystem services in agricultural systems. However, multiple past breeding efforts as well as research on traditional ratoon systems mean there is already a broad body of literature on perennial crops. In this review, we compare the development of research on perennial staple crops, including wheat, rice, rye, sorghum, and pigeon pea. We utilized the advanced search capabilities of Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Agricola to gather a library of 914 articles published from 1930 to the present. We analyzed the metadata in the entire library and in collections of literature on each crop to understand trends in research and publishing. In addition, we applied topic modeling to the article abstracts, a type of text analysis that identifies frequently co-occurring terms and latent topics. We found: 1.) Research on perennials is increasing overall, but individual crops have each seen periods of heightened interest and research activity; 2.) Specialist journals play an important role in supporting early research efforts. Research often begins within communities of specialists or breeders for the individual crop before transitioning to a more general scientific audience; 3.) Existing perennial agricultural systems and their domesticated crop material, such as ratoon rice systems, can provide a useful foundation for breeding efforts, accelerating the development of truly perennial crops and farming systems; 4.) Primary research is lacking for crops that are produced on a smaller scale globally, such as pigeon pea and sorghum, and on the ecosystem service benefits of perennial agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Kane
- Dept. of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul Rogé
- Dept. of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Sieglinde S. Snapp
- Dept. of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
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21
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Warschefsky EJ, Klein LL, Frank MH, Chitwood DH, Londo JP, von Wettberg EJB, Miller AJ. Rootstocks: Diversity, Domestication, and Impacts on Shoot Phenotypes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:418-437. [PMID: 26698413 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is an ancient agricultural practice that joins the root system (rootstock) of one plant to the shoot (scion) of another. It is most commonly employed in woody perennial crops to indirectly manipulate scion phenotype. While recent research has focused on scions, here we investigate rootstocks, the lesser-known half of the perennial crop equation. We review natural grafting, grafting in agriculture, rootstock diversity and domestication, and developing areas of rootstock research, including molecular interactions and rootstock microbiomes. With growing interest in perennial crops as valuable components of sustainable agriculture, rootstocks provide one mechanism by which to improve and expand woody perennial cultivation in a range of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Warschefsky
- Florida International University, Department of Biological Sciences, 11200 Southwest 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199-2156, USA; Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Kushlan Tropical Science Institute, 10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156-4233, USA
| | - Laura L Klein
- Saint Louis University, Department of Biology, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA; Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110-2226, USA
| | - Margaret H Frank
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918, USA
| | - Daniel H Chitwood
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132-2918, USA
| | - Jason P Londo
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service: Grape Genetics Research Unit, 630 West North Street, Geneva, NY 14456-1371, USA
| | - Eric J B von Wettberg
- Florida International University, Department of Biological Sciences, 11200 Southwest 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199-2156, USA; Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Kushlan Tropical Science Institute, 10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156-4233, USA; Florida International University, International Center for Tropical Botany, 11200 Southwest 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199-2156, USA
| | - Allison J Miller
- Saint Louis University, Department of Biology, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, USA; Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110-2226, USA.
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22
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Nicolas SD, Péros JP, Lacombe T, Launay A, Le Paslier MC, Bérard A, Mangin B, Valière S, Martins F, Le Cunff L, Laucou V, Bacilieri R, Dereeper A, Chatelet P, This P, Doligez A. Genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium and power of a large grapevine (Vitis vinifera L) diversity panel newly designed for association studies. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:74. [PMID: 27005772 PMCID: PMC4802926 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As for many crops, new high-quality grapevine varieties requiring less pesticide and adapted to climate change are needed. In perennial species, breeding is a long process which can be speeded up by gaining knowledge about quantitative trait loci linked to agronomic traits variation. However, due to the long juvenile period of these species, establishing numerous highly recombinant populations for high resolution mapping is both costly and time-consuming. Genome wide association studies in germplasm panels is an alternative method of choice, since it allows identifying the main quantitative trait loci with high resolution by exploiting past recombination events between cultivars. Such studies require adequate panel design to represent most of the available genetic and phenotypic diversity. Assessing linkage disequilibrium extent and panel power is also needed to determine the marker density required for association studies. RESULTS Starting from the largest grapevine collection worldwide maintained in Vassal (France), we designed a diversity panel of 279 cultivars with limited relatedness, reflecting the low structuration in three genetic pools resulting from different uses (table vs wine) and geographical origin (East vs West), and including the major founders of modern cultivars. With 20 simple sequence repeat markers and five quantitative traits, we showed that our panel adequately captured most of the genetic and phenotypic diversity existing within the entire Vassal collection. To assess linkage disequilibrium extent and panel power, we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms: 372 over four genomic regions and 129 distributed over the whole genome. Linkage disequilibrium, measured by correlation corrected for kinship, reached 0.2 for a physical distance between 9 and 458 Kb depending on genetic pool and genomic region, with varying size of linkage disequilibrium blocks. This panel achieved reasonable power to detect associations between traits with high broad-sense heritability (> 0.7) and causal loci with intermediate allelic frequency and strong effect (explaining > 10 % of total variance). CONCLUSIONS Our association panel constitutes a new, highly valuable resource for genetic association studies in grapevine, and deserves dissemination to diverse field and greenhouse trials to gain more insight into the genetic control of many agronomic traits and their interaction with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane D. Nicolas
- />INRA, UMR AGAP, F-34060 Montpellier, France
- />GQE-Le Moulon, INRA - Univ. Paris-Sud - CNRS - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay, Ferme du Moulon, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Valière
- />INRA, Plateforme Génomique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Frédéric Martins
- />INRA, Plateforme Génomique, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
- />INSERM, UMR1048, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Alexis Dereeper
- />INRA, UMR AGAP, F-34060 Montpellier, France
- />IRD, UMR IPME, F-34394 Montpellier 5, France
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23
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Breeding Systems, Mating Systems, and Genomics of Gender Determination in Angiosperm Trees. COMPARATIVE AND EVOLUTIONARY GENOMICS OF ANGIOSPERM TREES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7397_2016_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Gaut BS, Díez CM, Morrell PL. Genomics and the Contrasting Dynamics of Annual and Perennial Domestication. Trends Genet 2015; 31:709-719. [PMID: 26603610 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant domestication modifies a wild species genetically for human use. Among thousands of domesticated plants, a major distinction is the difference between annual and perennial life cycles. The domestication of perennials is expected to follow different processes than annuals, with distinct genetic outcomes. Here we examine domestication from a population genetics perspective, with a focus on three issues: genetic bottlenecks during domestication, introgression as a source of local adaptation, and genetic load. These three issues have been studied nominally in major annual crops but even less extensively in perennials. Here we highlight lessons from annual plants, motivations to study these issues in perennial plants, and new approaches that may lead to further progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Gaut
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Concepción M Díez
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Córdoba - Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Edificio C4, Campus de Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Peter L Morrell
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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25
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Hazzouri KM, Flowers JM, Visser HJ, Khierallah HSM, Rosas U, Pham GM, Meyer RS, Johansen CK, Fresquez ZA, Masmoudi K, Haider N, El Kadri N, Idaghdour Y, Malek JA, Thirkhill D, Markhand GS, Krueger RR, Zaid A, Purugganan MD. Whole genome re-sequencing of date palms yields insights into diversification of a fruit tree crop. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8824. [PMID: 26549859 PMCID: PMC4667612 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) are the most significant perennial crop in arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa. Here, we present a comprehensive catalogue of approximately seven million single nucleotide polymorphisms in date palms based on whole genome re-sequencing of a collection of 62 cultivars. Population structure analysis indicates a major genetic divide between North Africa and the Middle East/South Asian date palms, with evidence of admixture in cultivars from Egypt and Sudan. Genome-wide scans for selection suggest at least 56 genomic regions associated with selective sweeps that may underlie geographic adaptation. We report candidate mutations for trait variation, including nonsense polymorphisms and presence/absence variation in gene content in pathways for key agronomic traits. We also identify a copia-like retrotransposon insertion polymorphism in the R2R3 myb-like orthologue of the oil palm virescens gene associated with fruit colour variation. This analysis documents patterns of post-domestication diversification and provides a genomic resource for this economically important perennial tree crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Hazzouri
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jonathan M Flowers
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Hendrik J Visser
- Date Palm Research and Development Unit, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, PO Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussam S M Khierallah
- Date Palm Research Unit, College of Agriculture, PO Box 47054, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ulises Rosas
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Gina M Pham
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Rachel S Meyer
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Caryn K Johansen
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Zoë A Fresquez
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Academic City, Al Ruwayyah 2, PO Box 14660, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Haider
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, PO Box 6091, Damascus, Syria
| | - Nabila El Kadri
- Technical Center of Dates, Ministry of Agriculture, Kebili, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joel A Malek
- Genomics Core Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Deborah Thirkhill
- Arizona State University Date Palm Collection, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - Ghulam S Markhand
- Date Palm Research Institute (DPRI), Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Robert R Krueger
- United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, California 92507, USA
| | - Abdelouahhab Zaid
- Date Palm Research and Development Unit, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, PO Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael D Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, 12 Waverly Place, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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26
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Abstract
Obtaining genome-wide genotype data from a set of individuals is the first step in many genomic studies, including genome-wide association and genomic selection. All genotyping methods suffer from some level of missing data, and genotype imputation can be used to fill in the missing data and improve the power of downstream analyses. Model organisms like human and cattle benefit from high-quality reference genomes and panels of reference genotypes that aid in imputation accuracy. In nonmodel organisms, however, genetic and physical maps often are either of poor quality or are completely absent, and there are no panels of reference genotypes available. There is therefore a need for imputation methods designed specifically for nonmodel organisms in which genomic resources are poorly developed and marker order is unreliable or unknown. Here we introduce LinkImpute, a software package based on a k-nearest neighbor genotype imputation method, LD-kNNi, which is designed for unordered markers. No physical or genetic maps are required, and it is designed to work on unphased genotype data from heterozygous species. It exploits the fact that markers useful for imputation often are not physically close to the missing genotype but rather distributed throughout the genome. Using genotyping-by-sequencing data from diverse and heterozygous accessions of apples, grapes, and maize, we compare LD-kNNi with several genotype imputation methods and show that LD-kNNi is fast, comparable in accuracy to the best-existing methods, and exhibits the least bias in allele frequency estimates.
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27
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Gross BL, Kellogg EA, Miller AJ. Speaking of food: connecting basic and applied plant science. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2014; 101:1597-600. [PMID: 25326609 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) predicts that food production must rise 70% over the next 40 years to meet the demands of a growing population that is expected to reach nine billion by the year 2050. Many facets of basic plant science promoted by the Botanical Society of America are important for agriculture; however, more explicit connections are needed to bridge the gap between basic and applied plant research. This special issue, Speaking of Food: Connecting Basic and Applied Plant Science, was conceived to showcase productive overlaps of basic and applied research to address the challenges posed by feeding billions of people and to stimulate more research, fresh connections, and new paradigms. Contributions to this special issue thus illustrate some interactive areas of study in plant science-historical and modern plant-human interaction, crop and weed origins and evolution, and the effects of natural and artificial selection on crops and their wild relatives. These papers provide examples of how research integrating the basic and applied aspects of plant science benefits the pursuit of knowledge and the translation of that knowledge into actions toward sustainable production of crops and conservation of diversity in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana L Gross
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 207 Swenson Science Building, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Elizabeth A Kellogg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 USA
| | - Allison J Miller
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103-2010 USA
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