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Targeting Strategies for Aberrant Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming and the Immune Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer: A Review. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4257359. [PMID: 36106333 PMCID: PMC9467784 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4257359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is of high importance to occurrence, development, and treatment resistance. As evidenced by recent studies, pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, AMPK, and Hippo) are critical to the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of esophageal cancer. In addition, the above pathways play a certain role in regulating esophageal cancer and act as potential therapeutic targets. Over the past few years, the function of lipid metabolism in controlling tumor cells and immune cells has aroused extensive attention. It has been reported that there are intricate interactions between lipid metabolism reprogramming between immune and esophageal cancer cells, whereas molecular mechanisms should be studied in depth. Immune cells have been commonly recognized as a vital player in the esophageal cancer microenvironment, having complex crosstalk with cancer cells. It is increasingly evidenced that the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is significantly correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism. In this review, the latest findings in lipid metabolism reprogramming in TME are summarized, and the above findings are linked to esophageal cancer progression. Aberrant lipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are likely to serve as a novel strategy to treat esophageal cancer through lipid metabolism reprogramming.
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Liu XS, Kui XY, Gao Y, Chen XQ, Zeng J, Liu XY, Zhang Y, Zhang YH, Pei ZJ. Comprehensive Analysis of YTHDF1 Immune Infiltrates and ceRNA in Human Esophageal Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:835265. [PMID: 35401696 PMCID: PMC8983832 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.835265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: YTHDF1 is highly expressed in multiple tumors and affects tumor progression. However, there are only a few comprehensive studies on the analysis of YTHDF1 in esophageal cancer.Methods: We analyzed YTHDF1 expression in pan-cancer by comparing both the GEPIA and TCGA cohorts, and further verified the differences in YTHDF1 expression between the ESCA and normal groups by the GEO ESCA cohort and in vitro experiments. The correlation of YTHDF1 expression and the clinical characteristics of ESCA patients was analyzed using the TCGA ESCA clinical data. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the YTHDF1 coexpressed genes were completed by bioinformatics analysis, and the GGI and PPI were constructed for the YTHDF1, respectively. The relationship between YTHDF1 expression and the infiltration of ESCA immune cells was analyzed by using the TIMER database and the TCGA ESCA cohort. The relationships between YTHDF1 expression levels and glycolysis and ferroptosis-related genes were analyzed using the TCGA and GEPIA ESCA cohorts. Finally, the ceRNA network that may be involved in YTHDF1 in ESCA was predicted and constructed through a variety of databases.Results: YTHDF1 was overexpressed in various cancers, and in vitro experiments confirmed that YTHDF1 expression was higher in ESCA samples than in normal samples. The expression of YTHDF1 has some accuracy in predicting the tumor outcome. Expression of YTHDF1 was significantly associated with multiple clinical features in ESCA patients. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that YTHDF1 coexpressed genes involved multiple biological functions. There is a potential association between YTHDF1 expression and multiple immune cell infiltration, glycolysis, and ferroptosis-related genes in ESCA. YTHDF1 may be involved in multiple ceRNA regulatory networks in ESCA, including PAXIP1-AS1/hsa-miR-376c-3p/YTHDF1 axis, THUMPD3-AS1/hsa-miR-655-3p/YTHDF1 axis, and SNHG20/hsa-miR-655-3p/YTHDF1 axis, respectively.Conclusion: YTHDF1 can serve as a biomarker of ESCA, related to the immune cell infiltration of ESCA, regulation of glycolysis and ferroptosis, and the ceRNA regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Xu-Sheng Liu, ; Zhi-Jun Pei,
| | - Xue-Yan Kui
- Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | | | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Infection Control, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Pei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Xu-Sheng Liu, ; Zhi-Jun Pei,
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Song D, Wei Y, Hu Y, Chen X, Zheng Y, Liu M, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Identification of prognostic biomarkers associated with tumor microenvironment in ceRNA network for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a bioinformatics study based on TCGA database. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:46. [PMID: 35201503 PMCID: PMC8777578 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer in the world with high incidence rate and poor prognosis. Infiltrated immune and stromal cells are vital components of tumor microenvironment (TME) and have a significant impact on the progression of ESCC. The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis has been proved important in the molecular biological mechanisms of tumor development. However, there are few studies on the relationship between ceRNA and ESCC TME. METHODS The proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the amount of stromal and immune cells in ESCC cases were calculated from The Cancer Genome Atlas database using the CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods. After stratified identification of differentially expressed genes, WGCNA and miRNA prediction system were applied to construct ceRNA network. Finally, PPI network and survival analysis were selected to discriminate prognostic signature. And the results were verified in two independent groups from Gene Expression Omnibus and Lanzhou, China. RESULTS We found that high Stromal and ESTIMATE scores were significantly associated with poor overall survival. Three TME-related key prognostic genes were screened, namely, LCP2, CD86, SLA. And the expression of them was significantly correlated with infiltrated immunocytes. It is also found that ESTIMATE Score and the expression of CD86 were both related to TNM system of ESCC. CONCLUSIONS We identified three novel TME-related prognostic markers and their lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathway in ESCC patients, which may provide new strategies for the targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Song
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongjian Wei
- The First Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Hu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Hospital of Reproductive Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Cui K, Hu S, Mei X, Cheng M. Innate Immune Cells in the Esophageal Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654731. [PMID: 33995371 PMCID: PMC8113860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common mucosa-associated tumors, and is characterized by aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and unfavorable patient survival rates. As an organ directly exposed to the risk of foodborne infection, the esophageal mucosa harbors distinct populations of innate immune cells, which play vital roles in both maintenance of esophageal homeostasis and immune defense and surveillance during mucosal anti-infection and anti-tumor responses. In this review, we highlight recent progress in research into innate immune cells in the microenvironment of EC, including lymphatic lineages, such as natural killer and γδT cells, and myeloid lineages, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, mast cells and eosinophils. Further, putative innate immune cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor occurrence and progression are discussed, to highlight potential directions for the development of new biomarkers and effective intervention targets, which can hopefully be applied in long-term multilevel clinical EC treatment. Fully understanding the innate immunological mechanisms involved in esophageal mucosa carcinogenesis is of great significance for clinical immunotherapy and prognosis prediction for patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kele Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China
- Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shouxin Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China
- Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinyu Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China
- Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Relevant Therapeutic Strategy in Esophageal Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8974793. [PMID: 32454908 PMCID: PMC7238334 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8974793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has indicated that behaviors of cancers are defined by not only intrinsic activities of tumor cells but also tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in the tumor microenvironment. However, it still lacks a well-structured and comprehensive analysis of TIICs and its therapeutic value in esophageal cancer (EC). The proportions of 22 TIICs were evaluated between 150 normal tissues and 141 tumor tissues of EC by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Besides, correlation analyses between proportions of TIICs and clinicopathological characters, including age, gender, histologic grade, tumor location, histologic type, LRP1B mutation, TP53 mutation, tumor stage, lymph node stage, and TNM stage, were conducted. We constructed a risk score model to improve prognostic capacity with 5 TIICs by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression analysis. The risk score = −1.86∗plasma + 2.56∗T cell follicular helper − 1.37∗monocytes − 3.64∗activated dendritic cells − 2.24∗resting mast cells (immune cells in the risk model mean the proportions of immune cell infiltration in EC). Patients in the high-risk group had significantly worse overall survival than these in the low-risk group (HR: 2.146, 95% CI: 1.243-3.705, p = 0.0061). Finally, we identified Semustine and Sirolimus as two candidate compounds for the treatment of EC based on CMap analysis. In conclusion, the proportions of TIICs may be important to the progression, prognosis, and treatment of EC.
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Xu WC, Li ZB, Chen YR, Li XT, Huang JX, Li YG, Chen SR. Expression and distribution of S-100, CD83, and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) in tissues of thyroid papillary carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:286-92. [PMID: 21469977 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.568561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A higher expression of S-100 in tissue of thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) vs. thyroid follicular adenoma (TFA) (p < .001) was observed as well as a higher expression of CD83 in the peri-cancerous tissues vs. TFA (p < .001), oppositely, CD83 was negative in the cancerous net. TPC showed greater decreases in levels of CD80 and CD86 than did the TFA. These findings suggest that impaired immune function, absence of CD83-positive mature and activated dendritic cells in cancer nodules may have a role in the pathogenesis of TPC. The low expression of CD80 and CD86 in TPC may help them evade the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Can Xu
- The First Affilaited Hospital of Shantou University Medical School, China.
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Vuong TTK, Vever-Bizet C, Bonneau S, Bourg-Heckly G. Hypericin incorporation and localization in fixed HeLa cells for various conditions of fixation and incubation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:561-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu J, Lu G, Li Z, Tang F, Liu Y, Cui G. Distinct compartmental distribution of mature and immature dendritic cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2010; 206:602-6. [PMID: 20547010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in generating anti-tumor immunity. DC functional defect has been related to the growth and progression of various human cancers. In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the examination of DCs using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-S100 antibody has demonstrated an increased infiltration of DCs into the tumor mass, however, the distribution patterns of DCs at different maturation states in ESCC are not fully evaluated. In this study, we immunohistochemically analyzed the DC maturation status by examining the S100-positive DCs, CD1alpha-positive immature DCs (iDCs), and CD208-positive mature DCs (mDCs) and their distribution patterns in 45 ESCCs and 10 control tissues. The IHC analysis showed that the number of S100-positive DCs was increased in both the cancer epithelium and tumor stroma. Further phenotypic analyses revealed that intraepithelial DCs in the cancer mass were predominantly CD1alpha-positive iDCs. Whereas DCs presented in the tumor stroma were exclusively CD208-positive mDCs, CD208-positive mDCs were particularly dense in the margin of cancerous lesions and formed clusters with CD3-positive lymphocytes. The number of CD208-positive mDCs in the tumor mass was significantly lower than the number of CD1alpha-positive iDCs. The current results suggest that ESCC tissue comprises a high frequency of iDCs in the cancerous epithelium and a low density of mDCs in the tumor stroma. Such a distinct distribution pattern may reflect the ongoing DC tracking in ESCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Liu
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Yang W, Zhang Y, Yu J, Li S. The low expression of CD80 correlated with the vascular endothelial growth factor in esophageal cancer tissue. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010; 36:501-6. [PMID: 20181455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 01/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To analyze the mRNA and protein expression of CD80 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in esophageal cancer (EC) tissue, investigate the causes of esophageal cancer cell escape from immune surveillance. METHODS We detected the CD80 and VEGF mRNA with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), CD80 protein with flow cytometry, VEGF protein with immunohistochemistry in the cancer tissues in 118 EC patients, and the normal esophageal tissue as controls. RESULTS The expression of CD80 mRNA and protein in cancer tissues were lower than that in the controls (p<0.01, respectively), The CD80 protein expression in poor differentiation was lower than that in the well and moderate (P<0.01), in the patients with lymph node metastasis lower than that with no metastasis (P=0.01), in stage IIIA patients lower than that in stages I and II patients (P=0.04); the VEGF mRNA and protein expression were just right opposite. The mean survival time in the CD80 positive group was significantly longer than that in the negative (p=0.041); while in VEGF positive group was lower than that in the negative (p=0.046). The CD80 expression of mRNA and protein were correlated negatively with VEGF in the cancer tissues (r=-0.82, -0.87, respectively). CONCLUSION It is suggested that CD80 was impaired in the EC tissues and correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis, which indicated the dysfunction of immune system and enhancing the progression of EC. The low expression of CD80 correlated with the overexpression of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China.
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Identification of a new broad-spectrum CD8+ T cell epitope from over-expressed antigen COX-2 in esophageal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2009; 284:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vanherberghen M, Day MJ, Delvaux F, Gabriel A, Clercx C, Peeters D. An immunohistochemical study of the inflammatory infiltrate associated with nasal carcinoma in dogs and cats. J Comp Pathol 2009; 141:17-26. [PMID: 19362315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to characterize the inflammatory infiltrate associated with nasal carcinoma in dogs and cats and to determine whether this differed between the two species or with different types of carcinoma. Sections from fixed tissue biopsy samples of intranasal carcinoma from 31 dogs and six cats were labelled immunohistochemically to detect expression of the T-lymphocyte marker CD3, class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC II), the myelomonocytic antigen MAC387 and immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgM within the cytoplasm of plasma cells. All canine carcinomas were heavily infiltrated by MAC387(+) neutrophils, with smaller numbers of MAC387(+) macrophages. T cells were particularly prominent in the infiltrate associated with transitional carcinoma, and in such tumours were frequently mixed with MHC II(+) cells having macrophage or dendritic cell morphology. IgG(+) and IgA(+) plasma cells were detected at the peripheral margins of all types of canine carcinoma. In contrast, feline intranasal carcinoma was invariably associated with a marked infiltration of CD3(+) T cells. The feline tumour infiltrates contained sparse neutrophils and macrophages and few IgG(+) and IgA(+) plasma cells. These findings suggest that qualitatively different immune responses are induced in response to specific types of canine intranasal carcinoma, and that the canine and feline immune response to these neoplasms is also distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vanherberghen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
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Yang W, Yu J. Immunologic function of dendritic cells in esophageal cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:1739-46. [PMID: 18080193 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-0095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the frequently occurring malignant cancers. The current therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination, is only to palliate the symptoms; overall the prognosis is poor. The immunotherapy of dendritic cells for esophageal cancer is a valuable method. Dendritic cells existing in the esophageal tissues play an important role in the host's immunosurveillance against cancer as the professional antigen-presenting cells. This review concerns the immunology of dendritic cells in esophageal cancer; it describes the expression of DCs in the normal esophageal tissues and benign disease of esophagus, relations between the DCs and cancer development in esophageal cancer, and the DC-based approach to establish treatment for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jiyan Road 440, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, PR China,
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